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1.
Title: Understanding the effects of personal and school religiosity on the decision to abort a premarital pregnancy.
Author: Adamczyk A
Source: Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2009 Jun;50(2):180-95.
Abstract: Although much research has examined the relationship between religion and abortion attitudes, few studies have examined whether religion influences abortion behavior. This study looks at whether individual and school religiosity influence reported abortion behavior among women who become pregnant while unmarried. Hierarchical Logistic Models are implemented to analyze two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Findings show that personal religiosity is unrelated to reported abortion behavior. However, conservative Protestants appear less likely to obtain abortions than mainline Protestants, Catholics, and women of non-Christian faiths. Regardless of personal religious affiliation, having attended a school with a high proportion of conservative Protestants appears to discourage abortion as women enter their twenties. Conversely, women from private religious high schools appear more likely to report obtaining an abortion than women from public schools.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | YOUTH | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PREGNANCY | UNMARRIED | RELIGION | ABORTION | CATHOLICISM | CHRISTIANITY | DECISION MAKING | PREMARITAL PREGNANCY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Reproduction | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 342236 Notification

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3.
Title: An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS.
Author: Ahmed SI; Hassali MA; Aziz NA
Source: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PHARMACISTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | RISK FACTORS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | EXPOSURE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services
Document Number: 342691

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools. Mudancas no comportamento sexual de adolescentes de escolas publicas no Brasil apos um programa de educacao sexual.
Author: Andrade HH; de Mello MB; Sousa MH; Makuch MY; Bertoni N; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 May;25(5):1168-1176.
Abstract: This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program, given within the context of reproductive rights, dealt with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices, and focused on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests and a nonequivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX EDUCATION | PARTICIPATION | CHANGES | SEX BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALITY | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Schools | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 340176

5.
Title: Knowledge and practice of university students in Lebanon regarding contraception.
Author: Barbour B; Salameh P
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):387-99.
Abstract: We evaluated knowledge and practice of Lebanese university students regarding contraception in a cross-sectional, comparative study on students in public and private universities using an Arabic language self-administered questionnaire. We found low levels of knowledge of contraception. The majority of males (73.3%) and a few females (21.8%) declared previous sexual relations: the majority of males had used a condom (86.1%), but females had generally not used contraceptives (75.6%).
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STUDENTS | MEN | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Behavior
Document Number: 341713

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of a rapid peer-based HIV/AIDS educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in a high-income Arab country.
Author: Barss P; Grivna M; Ganczak M; Bernsen R; Al-Maskari F
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Sep 1;52(1):86-98.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In response to low knowledge about HIV and intolerant attitudes toward persons living with HIV among Arab university students, a peer-based educational intervention was developed and impact evaluated on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in 2 of 4 main cities of United Arab Emirates. METHODS: Four small teams of final year medical students, 3 female and 1 male, were trained. Multistage random sampling selected 14 female and 5 male Arab schools, then 56 female and 14 male grade 12 classes in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. The 90-minute intervention included a factual presentation and 3 attitude workshops. Baseline and postintervention knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Significance was tested by McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and multilevel regression tests. RESULTS: Response was 99.6%, 1398 females and 505 males. Misconceptions about modes of transmission and intolerant attitudes were evident. Mean knowledge score improved from 65% to 82% and attitude 51% to 64%, that is, relative increase 26% (P < 0.0005). Females had slightly lower baseline knowledge than males but showed greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Grade 12 students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS was inadequate and attitudes stigmatizing. Peer-based knowledge workshops were effective, especially among females. Concise integrated teaching and workshops designed to address key knowledge and attitudinal deficiencies can be highly effective.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVENTIONS | STIGMA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Education | Schools | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Health | Marketing | Public Health
Document Number: 342885

8.
Title: Growth and nutritional status of pre-school children in India: rural-urban and gender differences.
Author: Bharati P; Bharati S; Pal M; Chakrabarty S; Som S; Gupta R
Source: Collegium Antropologicum. 2009 Mar;33(1):7-21.
Abstract: This cross-sectional study of growth and nutritional status makes an attempt to find the gender and rural-urban differences among Indian preschool children. This study is based on the data of weight and height of children aged 0-35 months taken from 26 States (total 26,369 children; 13784 boys and 12585 girls). The children are found to be lighter and shorter compared to International standards irrespective of age and sex. Boys are heavier and taller than girls. Urban preschool children are heavier and taller compared to rural counterparts. In the urban area, higher percentages of girls are affected by underweight (37.1%) and stunting (35.0%) than boys. In rural areas, the prevalence of underweight is also higher among girls (47.9%) compared to boys (45.7%), which is found to be much significant (p < 0.01). There is a significant rural-urban as well as gender difference in growth and nutritional status of Indian preschool children.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | RURAL POPULATION | URBAN POPULATION | CHILDREN | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | GROWTH | CHILD NUTRITION | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Schools | Education | Biology | Nutrition | Health
Document Number: 341201

Title: Effectiveness of an intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among fifth-grade children in Brazil.
Author: Bottaro SM; Giugliani ER
Source: Journal of Human Lactation. 2009 Aug;25(3):325-32.
Abstract: This cluster-randomized trial evaluated the effectiveness and residual effect of an educational intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among fifth grade children of both sexes in Brazil. Schools were considered clusters and analysis of variance was used to compare an intervention group (n = 298) and a control group (n = 253) regarding knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs about breastfeeding before and after the intervention, measured through a standardized 25-item, multiple-choice questionnaire. The scores in the intervention group improved significantly, with the effect lasting at least 3 months. The intervention had greater impact on girls and on students between 9 and 11 years of age when compared with boys and students between 12 and 17 years old and also between students from public schools. Results suggest that pro-breastfeeding interventions in schools improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVENTIONS | CHILDREN | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | STUDENTS | BREASTFEEDING | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 342903

10.

Title: Emergency contraception - knowledge and attitudes in a group of Australian university students.
Author: Calabretto H
Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2009 Jun;33(3):234-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore first year Australian university students' knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraception and their understanding of the risk for pregnancy. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 627 first year on-campus students from both health and non-health disciplines. RESULTS: Knowledge about emergency contraception (EC) was generally poor including misunderstanding that it can only be used the 'morning after', as well as where it may be accessed. Its potential use was, however, more highly accepted as a preventative measure after unprotected sexual intercourse than abortion in the event of unplanned pregnancy. Women had better knowledge than men, and on a number of measures there were significant differences between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Poor knowledge about the timing, accessibility, action and side effects of EC may act as a barrier to its use in the event of unprotected sexual intercourse. Although EC has been available in Australia as a Schedule 3 medication since 2004, its availability from pharmacies is not well known, nor is access from other primary health care providers. Implications: The lack of knowledge about EC may lead to its underutilisation and underlines the need for future educational strategies about EC as well as the need for health professionals who provide contraceptive services to discuss EC with clients. Health promotion campaigns which are both general as well as gender-specific may improve overall community knowledge about this method of contraception.
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | ABORTION | QUESTIONNAIRES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | Oceania | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 342310 Notification

11.

Title: Evaluating the impact of community-based interventions on schooling outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children in Lusaka, Zambia.
Author: Chatterji M; Hutchinson P; Murray N; Buek K; Mulenga Y
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Apr. 34 p. (MEASURE Evaluation Working Paper Series WP-09-110USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00USAID Task Order GHS-I-00-07-00002-00)
Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of a community-based program implemented by a Zambian nongovernmental agency (NGO) on educational outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Lusaka, Zambia. These outcomes included school enrollment and being at the correct age-for-grade. The study design included two rounds of post-intervention data collection, in 2003 and 2006. There were 2,302 children, ages 6-19, interviewed in 2003; and 3,105 children or young adults, ages 8-22, interviewed in 2006. A sub-sample of 2,922 orphans and vulnerable children, ages 8-19, was used. The effectiveness of Bwafwano Community Home-Based Care Organization, an NGO working in Lusaka, was evaluated, first using the individual cross-sectional samples and then using a differences-in-differences model on the pooled sample. Both cross-sectional analyses found positive and statistically significant effects of the intervention on school enrollment, with marginal effects of 0.104 and 0.168 respectively. The differences-in-differences estimates for school enrollment were positive, but small and not statistically significant. For the estimations of the effects of Bwafwano on the outcome of appropriate age-for-grade, only the difference-in-difference models showed positive program effect, with participation in the program being associated with a 15.7 percentage point increase in appropriate age-for-grade for intervention children, relative to control children. This study suggests that the Bwafwano program is a promising approach to improving educational outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children in urban Zambia.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | INTERVENTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | HOME CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Schools | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Care and Support | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 339995

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Trends in primary and secondary abstinence among Kenyan youth.
Author: Chiao C; Mishra V
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jul;Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, Demographic and Health Research Division, MEASURE DHS, 2007 Nov. 21(7):881-892. 15 p. (DHS Working Papers No. 36USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00)
Abstract: The authors used data from Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys in 1993, 1998, and 2003 to examine 10-year trends in primary and secondary abstinence among never-married youth ages 15�24 and to explore the role of HIV prevention knowledge, schooling, and contextual factors in affecting their abstinence behaviors. Their analysis shows that both primary and secondary abstinence levels have risen in the past 10 years, with the abstinence levels higher among females than among males. Logistic regression models indicate that knowledge that abstinence can prevent HIV infection was positively associated with the likelihood of practicing abstinence. However, knowledge that condom use can prevent HIV infection was associated with lower abstinence practice. In-school youth were more likely to abstain from sex than those working. Effects of the contextual variables were only significant on the likelihood of primary abstinence among female youth.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | TECHNICAL REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ABSTINENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | TRANSMISSION | HIV PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | CONDOM USE | BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Education | Schools | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 322987

13.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of condom use and associated factors in a sample of university students in southern Brazil.
Author: Costa LC; da Rosa MI; Battisti ID
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1245-50.
Abstract: This article focuses on the frequency of condom use and associated factors in university students, based on a cross-sectional study of 633 students in 2006. Associations were investigated using a logistic regression model with 5% significance. Condom use prevalence was 60%. Having candidiasis was a protective factor for condom use in both sexual initiation (OR = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.31-0.79) and the most recent sexual intercourse (OR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.24-0.65). Condom use was associated with single marital status (OR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.60-5.23) and having a sex partner from the health field (OR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.34-0.75). Condom use was high in all sexual relations in this sample of university students. Single marital status and having a sex partner from a health-related course were positively associated with condom use in the most recent intercourse. Self-reported genital candidiasis was protective for condom use during early sexual activity and in the most recent sexual relation. Belonging to the health field did not show a significant impact on the use of male condoms.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | CANDIDIASIS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 341580

14.

Title: Current contraceptive awareness and use in Greek dental school students.
Author: Dinas K; Ahiropoulos V; Mavromatidis G; Chatzipantelis E; Zepiridis L; Theodoridis T; Gkoutzioulis F; Delkos D; Rousso D
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Mar;18(3):387-91.
Abstract: AIMS: We conducted a pilot study in female dental school students in Northern Greece in order to assess their awareness and practice of contraception. METHODS: The study population consisted of 88 female graduating students of the dental school. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was designed to explore students' awareness and use of contraceptive methods. RESULTS: Condoms were the most widely used contraceptive method (they were used by 52.3% of the students); 20.5% of the students were using condoms in alternation or together with coitus interruptus, and 6.8% were using only coitus interruptus. The oral contraceptive pill (OC) was used as the only contraceptive method by 4.5% of the students and in combination with condoms by 9.1% of them. The majority (53.4%) considered condoms as the most effective contraceptive method; 9.1% of the students answered "sterilization" and the same percentage stated "intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)." Overall, 20.5% of the students believed that the OC increases the risk of cancer, and 36.4% did not know if there is an association between OC use and risk of cancer. Among students not using OC, the respective percentages were 23.7% and 42.1%. among the students, 59.1% had asked their gynecologist about contraception. The contraceptive method used and the perception regarding the most effective contraceptive method did not differ significantly between those who had consulted their gynecologist and those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Dental school students in Greece appear to have inaccurate knowledge on important contraceptive issues, and this is reflected in their contraceptive practices. There is a pressing need to provide scientifically based sexual education if we are to avoid unwanted pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
GREECE | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | QUESTIONNAIRES | STUDENTS | YOUTH | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | DENTAL HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Health | Family Planning
Document Number: 330552

15.
Peer Reviewed

Title: [Abortion: 20 years of Brazilian research] Aborto: 20 anos de pesquisas no Brasil.
Author: Diniz D; Correa M; Squinca F; Braga KS
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Apr;25(4):939-42.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the main characteristics of the scientific literature on abortion in Brazil. Data were collected from 88 literature bases, and 2,109 documents from 1987 to 2008 were retrieved. Based on the findings, the field of abortion in Brazil is dominated by female researchers affiliated with public universities and nongovernmental organizations from the Southeast, with training in health sciences. There is no research on abortion in the North, while 14% of the studies were conducted in the Northeast and 4% in the Central-West. Abortion has been a constant theme in the scientific literature in Brazil, increasing in the mid-20th century.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA COLLECTION | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | ABORTION | UNIVERSITIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Schools | Education | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Technology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342613 Notification

16.

Title: [Health risk behaviors among adolescents in the south of Brazil: prevalence and associated factors] Comportamentos de risco a saude em adolescentes no Sul de Brasil: prevalencia e fatores associados.
Author: Farias Junior JC; Nahas MV; Barros MV; Loch MR; Oliveira ES; De Bem MF; Lopes AS
Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud P�blica / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;25(4):344-352.
Abstract: The authors sought to determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors and to analyze factors associated with exposure to such behaviors among adolescents in the state of Santa Catarina in the south of Brazil. Adolescents attending 240 high school classes at the state's public schools answered a questionnaire that collected demographics (sex, age, area of residence, and day versus night classes); social and economic data (working status and monthly family income); and information on health risk behaviors. The completed questionnaires of 5,028 adolescents (2,984 females and 2,044 males) 15-19 years of age were considered valid. The most prevalent health risk behaviors were insufficient levels of physical activity (36.5%), low intake of fruits and vegetables (46.5%), and irregular use of condoms (38.3%). Approximately 7 of 10 adolescents (64.7%) were exposed to two or more risk behaviors simultaneously. The following risk subgroups were identified: male adolescents, adolescents 18-19 years of age, living in urban areas, studying at night, and having a higher family income. The percentage of adolescents exposed to health risk behaviors was high, especially when simultaneous exposure to different behaviors was considered.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | EXPOSURE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DIET | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Risk Factors | Health | Behavior | Nutrition
Document Number: 340178

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sub-Saharan African university students' beliefs about condoms, condom-use intention, and subsequent condom use: a prospective study.
Author: Heeren GA; Jemmott 3d JB; Mandeya A; Tyler JC
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):268-276.
Abstract: This study examined whether certain behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs predict the intention to use condoms and subsequent condom use among 320 undergraduates at a university in South Africa. The students completed confidential questionnaires on two occasions separated by three months. Participants' mean age was 23.4 years, 47.8% were women, 48.9% were South Africans, and 51.1% were from other sub-Saharan African countries. Multiple regression revealed that condom-use intention was predicted by hedonistic behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs regarding sexual partners and peers, and control beliefs regarding condom-use technical skill and impulse control. Logistic regression revealed that baseline condom-use intention predicted consistent condom use and condom use during most recent intercourse at three-month follow-up.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | BELIEFS | UNIVERSITIES | CONDOMS | CONDOM USE | VALUE ORIENTATION | SAFER SEX | PEER PRESSURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Education | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Schools | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Psychological Factors | Psychosocial Factors
Document Number: 340124

18.

Title: Female college students' knowledge, perceptions, and use of emergency contraception.
Author: Hickey MT
Source: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2009 Jul-Aug;38(4):399-405.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine female college students' knowledge, perceptions, and use of emergency contraception since its availability over-the-counter. DESIGN: Exploratory, descriptive survey design. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A convenience sample of female college students between the ages of 18 and 24 in a private suburban university in the Mid-Atlantic region. RESULTS: Six hundred and nine students responded to the survey (22% response rate). Findings revealed that 15% of respondents indicated having been pregnant previously; 87% of those pregnancies were unplanned. Ninety-eight percent had heard of emergency contraception; however, nearly 40% were unsure if emergency contraception was the same as RU-486 (the abortion pill). Ninety-five percent of respondents knew that emergency contraception is available in the United States; 33% believed that a prescription was required. Perceived side effects were reported by 71%; 60% did not believe they could obtain emergency contraception. Twenty-eight percent reported previously using emergency contraception; 27% of these purchased it over-the-counter. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicated that women who are considered at risk for unintended pregnancies are not aware of the use, availability, and accessibility of an effective means of prevention. In addition, misconceptions regarding emergency contraception, such as its side effects, were also a significant finding. Based on these findings, education about emergency contraception is warranted, particularly in this at-risk population.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | UNIVERSITIES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREVALENCE | KNOWLEDGE | PERCEPTION | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | RU-486 | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Schools | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Measurement | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342145

19.
Title: A randomised controlled trial of peer-adult-led intervention on improvement of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
Author: Jahanfar S; Lye MS; Rampal L
Source: Singapore Medical Journal. 2009 Feb;50(2):173-80.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A randomised controlled trial of 530 university students was done using peer-adult facilitators. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the intervention, which was a four-hour group session. A prevention programme was developed by local experts, health educators and peer facilitators. The peer-adult-led programme was designed to provide a conceptual model of HIV risk reduction through information, motivational and behavioural skills, a harm reduction module and health promotion theme. RESULTS: The main outcome measured was the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores. The results suggest that relative to the control group, participants in the intervention group had higher levels of knowledge (30.37 vs. 25.40; p-value is 0.001) and a better attitude (12.27 vs. 10.84; p-value is 0.001). However, there was no difference in the behavioural score (9.47 vs. 9.41; p-value is 0.530). The correlation between the level of knowledge and age and the level of education was found in the intervention group, but not in the control group (p-value is 0.01). Attitude and gender were found to be correlated in the intervention group only (p-value is 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our programme was successful in increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards AIDS and HIV. However, it did not improve risk-taking behaviour. Peer-adult-led educational programmes for youth using various interactional activities, such as small group discussions, poster activity and empathy exercises, can be successful in changing the prevailing youth perceptions of AIDS and HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | AIDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 342091

20.

Title: Correlates of condom use among male high school students in Nairobi, Kenya.
Author: Kabiru CW; Orpinas P
Source: Journal of School Health. 2009 Sep;79(9):425-32.
Abstract: This study examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics of three groups of adolescent males: those who use condoms consistently, those who use them sporadically, and non-condom users. The sample consisted of 931 sexually experienced male high school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Cross tabulations and general linear models were used to test the relation between each explanatory variable and condom user group. Fifty-three percent of respondents reported having used condoms. Compared with nonusers and sporadic users, consistent users engaged in sexual intercourse for the first time at an older age and reported higher condom use self-efficacy, more positive peer attitudes toward safe sex, and stronger attitudes toward condom use. Compared with sporadic and consistent users, nonusers reported fewer sexual partners, less substance use, and more frequent intercourse with nonromantic partners. Sporadic users, compared with the other two groups, had more sexual partners and stronger attitudes that support that males and females have separate roles. The three groups did not differ in HIV/AIDS knowledge. All groups perceived their risk of contracting an STI as low, and this perception did not differ by condom use. Differences in participants' age by group were minimal.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | RISK BEHAVIOR | CHILD HEALTH | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | RISK FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Health | Behavior
Document Number: 342558

21.
Title: Factors associated with sexual activity among high-school students in Nairobi, Kenya.
Author: Kabiru CW; Orpinas P
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2009;32(4):1023-1039.
Abstract: This study examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors associated with heterosexual activity among a sample of 3,556 male and female high school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Approximately 50% of the males and 11% of females reported having had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime with a significant proportion reporting multiple sexual partnerships. Sexual activity was associated with various factors including religiosity, perceived parental attitudes towards sex, living arrangements, and school characteristics. However, the pattern of association differed for males and females. Results suggest that adolescents may benefit from sex education programs addressing multiple factors that may predispose adolescents to sexual activity, and that take into account gender differences.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | NEEDS | SEX EDUCATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339858

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A multilevel analysis of condom use among adolescents in the European Union.
Author: Lazarus JV; Moghaddassi M; Godeau E; Ross J; Vignes C; Ostergren PO; Liljestrand J
Source: Public Health. 2009 Feb;123(2):138-144.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined which individual and national factors affect condom use among adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: Multilevel analysis. METHODS: This study reviewed the data on bullying, alcohol use and condom use provided by 18 European countries and subnational entities in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey. Another eight contextual variables were also analysed. Three multilevel logistic regression models were applied consecutively (analysing for crude geographical and school variance in condom use, adjusting for gender and adjusting all variables for one another). RESULTS: Among the 15-year-olds studied, 7.0% of the total variance in condom use was explained by school-related factors (intraschool-level correlation) and 5.8% by national/subnational factors. In the empty model, condom use was significantly associated with gender, alcohol consumption, predominant national religion and national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the full model, there was also a significant association with the Human Development Index ranking, gross domestic product, Gini coefficient and the Gender-related Development Index. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that while alcohol, gender, human development level, income, religion and HIV prevalence affect condom use in young Europeans, these factors do not explain all or even most of the variation. Nonetheless, since some of these factors are not traditionally associated with young people's sexual and reproductive health, these findings should enable more nuanced health policy programming.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPEAN UNION | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADOLESCENTS | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | SEX FACTORS | RELIGION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Aggression | Schools | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 329662

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, sources and perceived need among senior high school students: a cross-sectional study in China.
Author: Li S; Huang H; Xu G; Cai Y; Shi R; Shen X
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Aug;20(8):561-5.
Abstract: A total of 2,668 senior high school students, ages approximately 15�24 years, participated in a self-administered questionnaire. Information was collected on their knowledge about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections as well as their sources of information and perceived information need. Approximately 6.8% had a low level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 29.6% had a moderate level, and 63.7% had a high level. The most important information sources were, in rank order, TV/video (72.1%), school heath education curriculum (51.8%), and reading materials (45.7%). About half of the students confirmed a need for more information.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | KNOWLEDGE | INFORMATION SOURCES | NEEDS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Information | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 342219

24.

Title: Educational inequalities in the midst of persistent poverty: diversity across Africa in educational outcomes.
Author: Lloyd CB; Hewett PC
Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2009. 27 p. (Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper No. 14)
Abstract: This paper explores inequalities in education across sub-Saharan Africa. Although we mainly focus on primary school completion rates, attention is also given to literacy as a more proximate indicator of human capital acquisition. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, we explore cross-country variations in primary school completion rates, gender and wealth gaps in education, and literacy rates in relation to one another and in relation to cross-country variations in national income per capita. While these data paint a picture of overall educational progress, particularly for girls, this general picture is juxtaposed against an extremely diverse landscape across Africa with respect to primary school completion rates and retained literacy. Although cross-country variation in primary school completion rates can be partially explained by variation in national per capita income, the same cannot be said for literacy rates. Even the poorest countries have significant variation in achieved literacy, suggesting that learning can occur even in resource-poor environments. At the same time, our findings are sobering: in many countries, international educational goals are unlikely to be reached by 2015, and poor learning outcomes are frequently widespread. (Author's abstract)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | INEQUALITIES | POVERTY | EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | LITERACY | GOALS | INCOME | Developing Countries | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Schools | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331434

25.

Title: Self-reported and P3 event-related potential evaluations of condoms: does what we say match how we feel?
Author: Lust SA; Bartholow BD
Source: Psychophysiology. 2009 Mar;46(2):420-4.
Abstract: Research consistently reveals positive self-reported condom evaluations, yet such evaluations often do not predict condom use. Whereas positive self-reports likely reflect social norms regarding prevention of diseases and pregnancy, psychophysiological measures might better assess spontaneous condom evaluations. Here, participants completed a visual oddball task in which condoms and alcoholic beverages were infrequent targets among neutral, positive, and negative context images. Although self-reported condom evaluations were very positive, condom images presented in a negative context produced a smaller P3 than condom images presented in a neutral or positive context, suggesting that spontaneous condom evaluations were more negative than positive. The P3 elicited by alcohol images indicated positive evaluations. The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of evaluations and point to the utility of ERPs for assessing health-related attitudes.
Language: English
Keywords:
MISSOURI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STUDENTS | CONDOM USE | UNIVERSITIES | SELF-PERCEPTION | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | VALUE ORIENTATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTION | ATTITUDES | PHYSIOLOGY | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Schools | Perception | Psychological Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Family Planning | Biology | Central Nervous System
Document Number: 331226

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of condom use among university students in Eastern China.
Author: Ma Q; Ono-Kihara M; Cong L; Pan X; Xu G; Zamani S; Ravari SM; Kihara M
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Feb;21(2):249-59.
Abstract: In China the HIV epidemic has started to infiltrate into a broader population through heterosexual contact and particularly to impact young people. The purpose of this study was to identify behavioral and psychosocial correlates of condom use among Chinese university students. A self-administered questionnaire survey with cross-sectional design was conducted among all classes of undergraduate students at two universities in one municipality of Eastern China, 2003. Data obtained from 1850 sexually active students who answered the question on condom use during the previous year were used for analysis. Frequent (always/often) condom use during the previous year was reported by only about 40% of both men and women. Multivariate analysis revealed that condom use during the first sexual experience, oral contraceptive use in the previous year and higher condom self-efficacy score in both genders were potent predictors of frequent condom use, while frequent condom use was less likely practiced by men who ever had non-vaginal sex, by those with higher risk-awareness for pregnancy/HIV/sexually transmitted diseases and by women with lower scores for perceived condom benefits. Safe sex education for Chinese students should be urgently introduced and should not be limited to knowledge provision but should also address psychosocial factors, such as condom self-efficacy and gender differences adequately to effectively encourage safer behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | YOUTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | GENDER ISSUES | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | KNOWLEDGE | SEX EDUCATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 330225

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Early initiation of sexual activity: a risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and unwanted pregnancy among university students in China.
Author: Ma Q; Ono-Kihara M; Cong L; Xu G; Pan X; Zamani S; Ravari SM; Zhang D; Homma T; Kihara M
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009;9:111.
Abstract: This study explored any association between the timing of the initiation of sexual activity and sexual behaviors and risks among university students in China. Data were derived from a cross-sectional study on sexual behavior among university students conducted in Ningbo municipality at the end of 2003. Students completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Of 1,981 sexually active male students, 1,908 (96.3%) completed the item for timing of the initiation of sexual activity and were included in analyses to compare the association between this timing and sexual behavior and risks. Compared with late initiators, male early sexual initiators had a significantly higher risk profile, including a significantly higher proportion reporting non-regular partners (i.e., casual or commercial partners), multiple partners, diagnosis with an STI, partner history of pregnancy, partner history of induced abortion, and less condom and oral contraceptive use. Multivariate analyses confirmed the increased likelihood of these risks in early initiators versus late initiators, other than partner type during the last year. The authors conclude that sex-education strategies should be focused on an earlier age, should include advice on delaying the age of first sexual activity, and should target young people who continue to take sexual risks.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | MEN | SEX BEHAVIOR | UNIVERSITIES | FIRST INTERCOURSE | RISK FACTORS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Schools | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 341409

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Gender norms in South Africa: implications for HIV and pregnancy prevention among African and Indian women students at a South African tertiary institution.
Author: Mantell JE; Needham SL; Smit JA; Hoffman S; Cebekhulu Q
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Feb;11(2):139-157.
Abstract: In post-Apartheid South Africa, women are constitutionally guaranteed protections and freedoms that were previously unknown to them. These freedoms may have positive implications for women's ability to negotiate sexual protection with partners and hence prevent unintended pregnancy and decrease their risk of HIV. Among tertiary institution students, who are a relatively 'privileged' group, there is little information on gender norms that might shape responses to HIVprevention programmes. To elicit gender norms regarding women's and men's roles, condom and contraceptive use, sexual communication and sexual pleasure, we conducted 10 semi-structured focus group discussions with African and Indian female tertiary institution students in order to understand how norms might be used to buttress HIV- and pregnancy-prevention. Participants reported dramatic changes in the structure of gender norms and relations with the formal recognition of women's rights in the post-Apartheid context. These generational shifts in norms are supported by other research in South Africa. At the same time, women recognized the co-existence of traditional constructions of gender that operate to constrain women's freedom. The perceived changes that have taken place provide an entry point for intervention, particularly for reinforcing emerging gender norms that promote women's protection against unintended pregnancy and HIV/STIs.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | WOMEN | ASIANS | ETHNIC GROUPS | STUDENTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | UNIVERSITIES | VALUE ORIENTATION | GENDER RELATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Education | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Schools | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproduction
Document Number: 341087

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The effect of the community-directed treatment approach versus the school-based treatment approach on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren in Tanzania.
Author: Massa K; Magnussen P; Sheshe A; Ntakamulenga R; Ndawi B; Olsen A
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Jan;103(1):31-7.
Abstract: This study compared the effect of the community-directed treatment (ComDT) approach and the school-based treatment approach on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) among schoolchildren. Following a parasitological survey in a randomly selected sample of 1140 schoolchildren, school-age children in 10 study villages received one dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight) against schistosomiasis and one dose of albendazole (400mg) against STH. Five of these villages implemented the ComDT approach and received treatment by community drug distributors, while school teachers administered treatment in five other villages using the school-based approach. At 12 months follow-up, the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichuris trichiura infections were similar between the ComDT and the school-based approaches when examined in randomly selected schoolchildren (10.1 vs. 9.4%, P=0.66 and 0.8 vs. 1.4%, P=0.37). However, the prevalence of S. haematobium and hookworm infections were significantly lower in the ComDT approach villages compared to the school-based approach villages (10.6 vs. 16.3%, P=0.005 and 2.9 vs. 5.8%, P=0.01, respectively). The results showed that the ComDT approach is at least as effective as the school-based approach in reducing prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis and STH among schoolchildren.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CHILDREN | STUDENTS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | SCHISTOSOMIASIS | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Measurement | Research Methodology | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Programs | Organization and Administration | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330843

30.

Title: Correlates of the intention to remain sexually inactive among male adolescents in an Islamic country: case of the Republic of Iran.
Author: Mohtasham G; Shamsaddin N; Bazargan M; Anosheravan K; Elaheh M; Fazlolah G
Source: Journal of School Health. 2009 Mar;79(3):123-9.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are very few studies that have examined sexual intentions and behaviors of adolescents in Islamic countries. This study employs the Health Belief Model to assess the correlates of the intention to remain sexually inactive among male adolescents in the Republic of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 314 adolescents recruited from 3 high schools from Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of this sample planned to remain abstinent until marriage. Another 23% rejected the notion of remaining abstinent and 20% were uncertain. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that students whose mothers were employed and who received a higher daily allowance were more likely to report that they would not remain abstinent. No significant independent relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related knowledge and an intention to remain abstinent was detected. However, consistent with previous studies conducted in Asia, Africa, and in Western countries, we documented that (1) perceived subjective norms, (2) self-efficacy, (3) and perceived susceptibility to contracting the HIV virus all are associated with the intention to remain sexually inactive among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: It seems abstinence until marriage is more likely to be practiced in traditional families. However, Iranian society is changing rapidly and traditional family structures, values, and norms may not sufficiently protect adolescents from HIV infection. The data from this study support previous studies conducted in Western countries, which found that intervention programs that focus on knowledge alone are ineffective in their ability to alter adolescents' intentions to postpone sexual activity.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | STUDENTS | ABSTINENCE | ISLAM | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PREVALENCE | INCOME | EMPLOYMENT | VALUE ORIENTATION | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Schools | Measurement | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341162


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