Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 11982 records

Your search found 11982 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Title: The long wait: reproductive health care in Haiti.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. Research and Training Institute, Inc.
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, Research and Training Institute, Inc., 2009. 22 p.
Abstract: The reproductive health status of Haiti's communities contributes to a life expectancy of 62.8 years for women in comparison to 75.5 years in neighboring Dominican Republic or 80.8 years for women in the U.S. According to Haiti's 2005-2006 Demography Health Survey, 37.5% of women have unmet family planning needs. Additionally, youth and rural area residents report greater unmet needs for family planning than the national average. Unmet family planning contributes to a high total fertility rate of 4.79 (5 in rural versus 2.8 in urban areas), a high infant morality (57 deaths per 1000 live births) and the highest maternal mortality rate in the western world-630 deaths per 100,000 live births. These alarming RH indicators prompted a team from JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. (JSI) to visit Haiti in January 2009. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify gaps in the availability and accessibility of comprehensive RH services including: Safer motherhood and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Family planning, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention, care and support, Gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, care and support, and Adolescent-focused RH programming for each of the above RH components. 2) to identify community-level responses and opportunities for strengthening the quality and availability of comprehensive RH services. This report presents the findings of this assessment.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341307

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: Sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages: evidence review and recommendations.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]; University of California, San Francisco. Global Health Sciences
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2009 Apr. [8] p.
Abstract: The importance of linking sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV is widely recognized. The international community agrees that the Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved without ensuring universal access to SRH and HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness, optimal circumstances, and best practices for strengthening SRH and HIV linkages, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The findings corroborate the many benefits gained from linking SRH and HIV policies, systems and services. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | HIV PREVENTION | FAMILY PLANNING | MATERNAL HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CHILD HEALTH | MANAGEMENT | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | STIGMA | BEHAVIOR | FEES | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | INTERVENTIONS | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Social Problems | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331466

Title: Risk factors associated with low CD4+ lymphocyte count among HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria.
Author: Abimiku A; Villalba-Diebold P; Dadik J; Okolo F; Mang E; Charurat M
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 20;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 200 cells/mm(3) or lower in HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria. METHOD: A cross-sectional data analysis from a prospective cohort of 515 HIV-positive women attending a prenatal clinic. Risk of a low CD4+ count was estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 200 cells/mm(3) or lower (280+/-182 cells/mm(3)) were recorded in 187 (36.3%) out of 515 HIV-positive pregnant women included in the study. Low CD4+ count was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-95.53), lack of condom use (aOR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.12-23.8), history of genital ulcers (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.12-2.82), and history of vaginal discharge (aOR; 1.62; 1.06-2.48). CONCLUSIONS: Over 35% of the HIV-positive pregnant women had low CD4+ counts, indicating the need for treatment. The findings underscore the need to integrate prevention of mother-to-child transmission with HIV treatment and care, particularly services for sexually transmitted infections.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREGNANT WOMEN | HEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Health | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 341452

Peer Reviewed

Title: Biological Validation of Self-Reported Condom Use Among Sex Workers in Guinea.
Author: Aho J; Koushik A; Diakite SL; Loua KM; Nguyen VK; Rashed S
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Aug 13;
Abstract: Self-reported condom use may be prone to social desirability bias. Our aim was to assess the validity of self-reported condom use in a population of female sex workers using prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a gold standard biomarker of recent unprotected vaginal intercourse. We collected data on 223 sex-workers in Conakry, Guinea in order to assess the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported condom use as well as to examine the predictors of discordance between self-report and PSA presence. PSA was detected in 38.4% of samples. Sensitivity of self-reported condom use was 14.6% and its specificity was 94.7%. Self-perceived high risk of HIV infection was the only significant independent predictor of misreported condom use. PSA could be useful to validate self-reported condom use in surveys and to allow a better understanding of factors associated with social desirability in sexual behaviour reporting.
Language: English
Keywords:
GUINEA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | SEX WORKERS | CONDOM USE | BIAS | DATA REPORTING | VALIDITY | VAGINA | SEMEN | ANTIGENS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Error Sources | Measurement | Data Collection | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Seminal Vesicles | Genitalia, Male | Immunologic Factors | Immunity | Immune System | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 342486

Peer Reviewed

Title: High-risk behaviours among juvenile prison inmates in Pakistan.
Author: Altaf A; Janjua NZ; Kristensen S; Zaidi NA; Memon A; Hook EW 3rd; Vermund SH; Shah SA
Source: Public Health. 2009 Jul 15;
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the sexual- and drug-use-related risk behaviours of male juvenile detainees in Karachi, Pakistan. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of prison inmates aged 15-21 years in Karachi Juvenile Prison in 2002. In total, 321 inmates were interviewed about sexual orientation and behaviours, and knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Urine specimens were collected and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using ligase chain reaction. RESULTS: A substantial proportion (n=111, 34.6%) of the participants were sexually active. Sixty-two (19%) and 67 (21%) had had sex with a male or female before incarceration, respectively. Twenty-seven (8.4%) participants had an STI, and 50% of the 109 sexually active participants had had multiple sexual partners. Use of addictive substances was associated with sexual activity. The mean knowledge score computed from the sum of 16 items was 4.7, with a median of 2.9. A large proportion (40%) of participants knew about condoms, but very few (3.4%) had ever used one. The mean+/-standard deviation risk score from nine items was 2.4+/-1.7. On the basis of behavioural and biological markers, 117 (36.4%) participants had high-risk behaviour. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, knowledge, risk perception and age were predictive of higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: HIV risk behaviours are common among adolescent inmates. Although inmates do have knowledge about modes of transmission and condom use, the use of condoms is significantly low. Interventions are needed for behavioural change among this group.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | PRISONERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | KNOWLEDGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 342285

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in rural western Kenya.
Author: Amornkul PN; Vandenhoudt H; Nasokho P; Odhiambo F; Mwaengo D
Source: Plos One. 2009 Jul;4(7):e6470.
Abstract: From a demographic surveillance system, the authors selected a random sample of Asembo, Kenya residents ages 13�34 years, who were contacted at home and invited to a nearby mobile study site. From October 2003 to April 2004, consenting participants were interviewed on risk behavior and tested for HIV and HSV-2. HIV voluntary counseling and testing was offered. Of 2,606 eligible residents, 1,822 (70%) enrolled. Primary reasons for refusal included not wanting blood taken, not wanting to learn HIV status, and partner or parental objection. Females comprised 53% of 1,762 participants providing blood. Adjusted HIV prevalence was 15.4% overall: 20.5% among females and 10.2% among males. HIV prevalence was highest in women ages 25-29 years (36.5%) and men ages 30-34 years (41.1%). HSV-2 prevalence was 40.0% overall: 53% among females, 25.8% among males. In multivariate models stratified by gender and marital status, HIV infection was strongly associated with age, higher number of sex partners, widowhood, and HSV-2 seropositivity.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HIV INFECTIONS | HERPES GENITALIS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | MIGRATION | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Dynamics | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 339909

10.

11.
Title: Circumcision's place in the vicious cycle involving herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV [editorial]
Author: Bailey RC; Mehta SD
Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 Apr 1;199(7):923-5.
Abstract: HSV-2 as a biological cofactor in HIV acquisition and transmission has likely contributed substantially to the HIV epidemic. Although it remains possible that HSV-2 suppressive therapy will be efficacious in reducing HIV transmission, it is not clear how and whether a twice daily regimen of acyclovir will be manageable and effective at a population level. Research is needed to develop and test a prophylactic vaccine that, even if only partially protective against HSV-2 acquisition, is likely to be effective in both concentrated epidemics and in generalized epidemics in which a large proportion of HIV transmission occurs in stable partnerships. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | EUROPE | SUMMARY REPORT | INCIDENCE | HERPES GENITALIS | HIV INFECTIONS | MALE CIRCUMCISION | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TESTING | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 341208

12.

Title: Condom use for preventing STI/HIV and unintended pregnancy among young men in sub-saharan Africa.
Author: Bankhole A; Singh S; Hussain R; Oestreicher G
Source: American Journal of Men's Health. 2009 Mar;3(1):60-78.
Abstract: The condom is the only known method that provides simultaneous protection against unplanned pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, among sexually active people. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys from 18 Sub-Saharan African countries, this study examined condom use and reasons for using the method at last intercourse among sexually active young men aged 15 to 29. Most young men were aware of the condom (73%-98%), but its use at last intercourse was quite variable, ranging from 6% in Madagascar to 74% in Namibia. In 10 countries, more young men reportedly used condoms for preventing STIs alone than they did for preventing pregnancy alone. In 6 countries, at least one third of the users used the method for both purposes. Use of the condom at last intercourse was associated with union status, education, residence, and exposure to television in at least two thirds of the countries.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | YOUTH | MEN | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Comparative Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 329249

13.
Title: Integrating syndromic case management of sexually transmitted diseases into primary healthcare services in Nigeria.
Author: Banwat EB; Egah DZ; Peter J; Barau C; Majang Y; Mafuyai S; Imade GE; Bukbuk DN
Source: Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2009 Apr-Jun;18(2):215-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a huge public health problem; both the aetiological and clinical approaches to management have limitations. WHO has therefore developed an alternative strategy--the syndromic case management approach. This paper reports a training of healthcare providers at the Primary Health Centers aimed at integrating STD care into other services in the PHCs to improve management at the community level. METHODS: Sixteen nurses, from eight PHCs were trained on this new strategy. The training included: identification of STDs, use of flow charts, patient education and counseling, clinic management issues and record keeping and reporting. RESULTS: Over a period of eight weeks post training, about 731 clients were attended to, 451 (61.7%) had signs and symptoms of various STDs (genital discharge, genital ulcer, genital warts and lower abdominal pains). They were treated using the syndromic case approach. About 18.6% (84/451) were males and 81.4% (367/451) were Females. Singles (never married) constituted 32.8% (148/451) while 28.6% were married. About 26.6% and 12.0% were divorced and separated respectively. Age group 20-35 years was at highest risk of infection CONCLUSION: Syndromic case management of STDs can be conveniently integrated into the primary health care delivery system in Nigeria.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | NURSES AND NURSING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | TREATMENT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | COUNSELING | PRE-POST TESTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 342684

14.

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: High human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) prevalence, clinical correlates and high incidence among recently HIV-1-infected subjects in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Author: Batista MD; Ferreira S; Sauer MM; Tomiyama H; Giret MT; Pannuti CS; Diaz RS; Sabino EC; Kallas EG
Source: PloS One. 2009;4(5):e5613.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the etiological agent for Kaposi Sarcoma, which occurs especially in HIV-infected subjects. HHV-8 infection and its clinical correlates have not been well characterized in recently HIV-1-infected subjects, especially men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We assessed the HHV-8 seroprevalence, clinical correlates, and incidence after one year of follow-up in a cohort of 228 recently HIV-1-infected individuals, of whom 83.6% were MSM, using indirect immunofluorescence assay. The prevalence of HHV-8 infection at the time of cohort enrollment was 25.9% (59/228). In the univariate model, there were significant associations with male gender, black ethnicity, MSM practice, and previous hepatitis B virus and syphilis infections. In the multivariate model we could still demonstrate association with MSM, hepatitis B, and black ethnicity. No differences in mean CD4+ cell counts or HIV viral load according to HHV-8 status were found. In terms of incidence, there were 23/127 (18.1%) seroconversions in the cohort after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: HHV-8 is highly prevalent among recently HIV-1-infected subjects. Correlations with other sexually transmitted infections suggest common transmission routes.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HERPES GENITALIS | PREVALENCE | INCIDENCE | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | SEROCONVERSION | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342160

16.

Title: Sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-1/2 in immigrant and non-immigrant female sex workers in Argentina.
Author: Bautista CT; Pando MA; Reynaga E; Marone R; Sateren WB; Montano SM; Sanchez JL; Avila MM
Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):99-104.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study socio-demographics, sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalences of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in immigrant (foreigner) and non-immigrant (local/native) female sex workers (FSW). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in immigrant and non-immigrant FSW living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 625 FSW were enrolled, of whom 169 (27%) were immigrant FSW from Paraguay, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C was significantly higher among Argentinean FSW than among immigrant FSW. However, hepatitis B prevalence was higher among immigrant FSW. Adjusted risk factor analysis comparing immigrant FSW with Argentinean FSW indicated that marital status (single), occupation (none), fee per sex act (Language: English
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IMMIGRANTS | HEPATITIS | SYPHILIS | PREVALENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement
Document Number: 331118

17.
Title: Approach in sexually transmitted diseases.
Author: Belda Junior W; Shiratsu R; Pinto V
Source: Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2009 Mar-Apr;84(2):151-9.
Abstract: Nowadays, sexually transmitted diseases are one of the most common public health issues. Among its consequences are the possibility of transmission from mother to baby - which may cause miscarriages and congenital disease, male and female infertility, and the increase of HIV infection risk. Therefore, the main goal of these guidelines is to contribute to the improvement of the treatment for sexually transmitted diseases patients by presenting to the medical community how today's science stands on the matter and also what the recommendation for diagnosing and treating a patient are.
Language: EnglishPortuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RECOMMENDATIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | TREATMENT | CHANCROID | GONORRHEA | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342656

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Alcohol and illicit drug use and its influence on the sexual behavior of teenagers from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Uso de alcool e drogas e sua influencia sobre as praticas sexuais de adolescentes de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Author: Bertoni N; Bastos FI; de Mello MV; Makuch MY; de Sousa MH; Osis MJ; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1350-1360.
Abstract: This article summarizes the findings of a survey of 5,981 students from public schools in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analysis assessed the influence of drug use on sexual practices. Among the boys who stated having used illicit drugs and who were engaged in relationships with casual partners, 56% reported consistent condom use, as compared to 65% among those not reporting such habits. Among boys who reported illicit drug use and who were engaged in relationships with stable partners, consistent condom use was reported by 43%, versus 64% among those not reporting such habits. In the subgroup of boys engaged in stable relationships who did not report illicit drug use, consistent condom use was less frequent among those who used alcohol or cigarettes, compared to those who did not drink or smoke (61% versus 71%). Girls were less likely than boys to use condoms consistently, regardless of the nature of their relationships, without a noticeable influence of drug use. Policies to prevent drug abuse, sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned pregnancy should be fully integrated.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | RISK FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health
Document Number: 340175

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual risk-taking among adult dating couples in the United States.
Author: Billy JO; Grady WR; Sill ME
Source: Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;41(2):74-83.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of sexual and contraceptive behaviors as risk factors for STDs is largely based on women's or men's separate reports of their attitudes and behaviors. Little research has been based on couples. METHODS: Data from the 2005-2006 National Couples Survey were used to examine the sexual risk-taking behavior of 335 dating couples. Associations between each partner's characteristics and the couple's probability of recently having had anal sex and of having done something to protect themselves from STDs were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Models included measures of power dynamics and partners' perceptions of who controls sexual and contraceptive decisions. RESULTS: Couples in which the female partner reported that her male partner made the decisions about sex and contraception had increased probability of having had anal sex during the four weeks prior to the interview. In addition, partners' relationship power and their perception of control over sex and contraception moderated associations between couples' behavior and partners' characteristics, experiences and beliefs. For example, although couples in which the male partners had known someone with AIDS were less likely than others to engage in anal sex, that association was much greater for males with high income-and thus greater power-than for those with low income. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors are not controlled by any one individual in a relationship; characteristics of each partner are important. Couples-based interventions that take into consideration relationship-especially power-dynamics may enable individuals to initiate and sustain safer-sex practices.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADULTS | COUPLES | SEX BEHAVIOR | POWER | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 342624

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe?
Author: Birdthistle I; Floyd S; Nyagadza A; Mudziwapasi N; Gregson S; Glynn JR
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 May;68(10):1810-1818.
Abstract: This study explored the role of education in explaining the excess sexual risk previously documented among unmarried female orphans in urban Zimbabwe. School attendance and attainment were assessed by type of orphanhood, and for their association with markers of sexual risk (HIV and/or HSV-2 infection) among 743 participants drawn from a random sample of 15- to 19-year-old girls identified in a cross-sectional survey in Highfield, Harare in 2004. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the role of educational status in explaining the higher prevalence of adverse sexual outcomes among unmarried orphans compared to non-orphans, adjusting for possible confounders. Double orphans had significantly lower educational attendance and attainment than non-orphans. Maternal orphans had higher odds of school drop-out, although this association disappeared when adjusted for recent mobility. Educational status was strongly associated with HIV/HSV-2 risk, but explained only a small part of double orphans' sexual risk and did not explain the HIV/HSV-2 risk of maternal and paternal orphans. High overall levels of secondary school participation and school fee assistance provided to vulnerable families may have reduced the schooling disparities between orphans and non-orphans in Highfield. However, further efforts are needed to rectify the schooling inequities that persist, while additional research is needed to identify other socioeconomic and emotional factors driving orphans' sexual risk so that prevention and support programs can meet the needs of this growing population.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZIMBABWE | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | HERPES GENITALIS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Health
Document Number: 341411

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Potential acceptability of microbicides in HIV prevention in stable marital relationships in Malawi.
Author: Bisika T
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):115-7.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The XVII International Conference on AIDS held in Mexico City in August 2008 emphasised the importance of dual prevention using both vaccines and microbicides in the fight against HIV and AIDS. Microbicides are important because they constitute one of the potentially important female-controlled methods of HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention, especially in Malawi where the use of the female condom has not yet been fully embraced. METHODS: A qualitative study utilising focus group discussions was used to assess the acceptability of the microbicide nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as part of the ongoing Preparatory AIDS Vaccine Evaluation (PAVE) studies. RESULTS: The study observed that men oppose the use of N-9, and that although women consider themselves at risk for HIV they caution against the unintended consequence of altering the vaginal environment with the use of microbicides, which can interfere with the men's preference for dry sex. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Although N-9 did not produce the desired results, these can inform the development of other promising microbicide candidates. The study concludes that it is important to pay attention to how new microbicides are formulated rather than just concentrating solely on an individual product's effectiveness.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CURRENTLY MARRIED | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | MICROBICIDES | NONOXYNOL-9 | HUSBAND-WIFE COMPARISONS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Spermicidal Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Comparative Studies | Studies
Document Number: 341651

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Polygyny and women's health in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: Bove R; Valeggia C
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Jan;68(1):21-9.
Abstract: In this paper we review the literature on the association between polygyny and women's health in sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that polygyny is an example of "co-operative conflict" within households, with likely implications for the vulnerability of polygynous women to illness, and for their access to treatment. We begin with a review of polygyny and then examine vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs, including HIV) and differential reproductive outcomes. Polygyny is associated with an accelerated transmission of STIs, both because it permits a multiplication of sexual partners and because it correlates with low rates of condom use, poor communication between spouses, and age and power imbalances among other factors. Female fertility is affected by the interplay between marital rank, household status, and cultural norms in polygynous marriages. Finally, we present areas which have received only cursory attention: mental health and a premature, "social" menopause. Although data are scarce, polygyny seems to be associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, particularly around stressful life events. It is our hope that the examples reviewed here will help build a framework for mixed method quality research, which in turn can inform decision makers on more appropriate, context-dependent health policies.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | MENTAL HEALTH | FERTILITY | POLYGYNY | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Population Dynamics | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 331194

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Zagreb, Croatia.
Author: Bozicevic I; Rode OD; Lepej SZ; Johnston LG; Stulhofer A; Dominkovic Z; Vacak V; Lukas D; Begovac J
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):303-309.
Abstract: We used respondent-driven sampling among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zagreb, Croatia in 2006 to investigate the prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviours. We recruited 360 MSM. HIV infection was diagnosed in 4.5%. The seroprevalence of antibodies to viral pathogens was: herpes simplex virus type-2, 9.4%; hepatitis A, 14.2%; hepatitis C, 3.0%. Eighty percent of participants were susceptible to HBV infection (HBs antigen negative, and no antibodies to HBs and HBc antigen). Syphilis seroprevalence was 10.6%. Prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea was 9.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. Results indicate the need for interventions to diagnose, treat and prevent sexually transmitted infections among this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
CROATIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | URBAN POPULATION | PREVALENCE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 340131

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Delivery of chlamydia screening to young women requesting emergency hormonal contraception at pharmacies in Manchester, UK : a prospective study.
Author: Brabin L; Thomas G; Hopkins M; O'Brien K; Roberts SA
Source: BMC Women's Health. 2009 Mar 26;9(1):7.
Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: More women are requesting Emergency Hormonal Contraception (EHC) at pharmacies where screening for Chlamydia trachomatis is not routinely offered. The objective of this study was to assess the uptake of free postal chlamydia screening by women under 25 years who requested EHC at pharmacies in Manchester, UK. METHODS: Six Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) that had contracted with pharmacies to provide free EHC, requested the largest EHC providers ([greater than or equal to] 40 doses annually) to also offer these clients a coded chlamydia home testing kit. Pharmacies kept records of the ages and numbers of women who accepted or refused chlamydia kits. Women sent urine samples directly to the laboratory for testing and positive cases were notified. Audit data on EHC coverage was obtained from PCTs to assess the proportion of clients eligible for screening and to verify the uptake rate. RESULTS: 33 pharmacies participated. Audit data for 131 pharmacy months indicated that only 24.8% (675/2718) of women provided EHC were also offered chlamydia screening. Based on tracking forms provided by pharmacies for the whole of the study, 1348 /2904 EHC clients (46.4%) who had been offered screening accepted a screening kit. 264 (17.6%) of those who accepted a kit returned a sample, of whom 24 (9.1%) were chlamydia-positive. There was an increase in chlamydia positivity with age (OR: 1.2 per year; 1.04 to 1.44; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Chlamydia screening for EHC pharmacy clients is warranted but failure of pharmacists to target all EHC clients represented a missed opportunity for treating a well defined high-risk group.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | YOUTH | SCREENING | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CHLAMYDIA | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 330849

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Infidelity, Trust, and Condom Use Among Latino Youth in Dating Relationships.
Author: Brady SS; Tschann JM; Ellen JM; Flores E
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Apr;36(4):227-231.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Latino youth in the United States are at greater risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in comparison with non-Hispanic white youth. METHODS:: Sexually active heterosexual Latino youth aged 16 to 22 years (N = 647) were recruited for interviews through a large health maintenance organization or community clinics. RESULTS:: Adjusting for gender, age, ethnic heritage, and recruitment method, woman's consistent use of hormonal contraceptives, ambivalence about avoiding pregnancy, longer length of sexual relationship, and greater overall trust in main partner were independently associated with inconsistent condom use and engagement in a greater number of sexual intercourse acts that were unprotected by condom use. Perception that one's main partner had potentially been unfaithful, but not one's own sexual concurrency, was associated with consistent condom use and fewer acts of unprotected sexual intercourse. Sexually concurrent youth who engaged in inconsistent condomuse with other partners were more likely to engage in inconsistent condom use and a greater number of unprotected sexual intercourse acts with main partners. CONCLUSIONS:: Increasing attachment between youth may be a risk factor for the transmission of STIs via normative declines in condom use. Perception that one's partner has potentially been unfaithful may result in greater condom use. However, many Latino adolescents and young adults who engage in sexual concurrency may not take adequate steps to protect their partners from contracting STIs. Some youth may be more focused on the emotional and social repercussions of potentially revealing infidelity by advocating condom use than the physical repercussions of unsafe sex.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | WHITES | YOUTH | HETEROSEXUALS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 330495

26.

Title: What do sexually active adolescent females say about relationship issues?
Author: Bralock A; Koniak-Griffin D
Source: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2009 Apr;24(2):131-40.
Abstract: Many sexually active teenagers face risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. The purpose of our study was to gain an understanding about influences on condom use among sexually active adolescents in relationships. Data were collected through semi-structured openended interviews. The findings of this study suggest that many adolescents desired the love of a male partner, and were willing to concede to his request of practicing unprotected sex. Findings support the urgent need for interventions that will promote skill-building techniques to negotiate safer sex behaviors among youth who are most likely to be exposed to STIs through risky behaviors.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS | COUPLES | BLACKS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | NEEDS | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342095

27.

Title: Placing learning needs in context: distance learning for clinical officers in Tanzania.
Author: Brigley S; Hosein I; Myemba I
Source: Medical Teacher. 2009 Apr;31(4):e169-76.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor public health indicators in Tanzania have led to the upgrading of nursing and clinical personnel who currently have just core training. Clinical officers (COs) have 3 years training in basic and applied medicine and are responsible for healthcare of large and dispersed rural populations. AIMS: UNESCO-Wales has funded colleagues in Wales (UK) to assist the upgrade of COs. An inquiry into their learning needs and the Tanzanian context has produced a framework for design of a module for COs on sexually transmissible infections and HIV & AIDS by distance learning. METHODS: Face-to-face discussions were held with the Ministry of Health, healthcare workers, educators and administrators in Tanzania; a review of training documents was carried out; and a follow-up questionnaire issued to COs. RESULTS: The discussions and review highlighted teacher-centred approaches, and management, infrastructure and resources obstacles to curriculum change. Principal learning needs of COs around STIs were: counselling, syndromic management, drugs management, laboratory diagnosis, health education, resources, staffing and service morale. CONCLUSIONS: Placing learning needs in context in dialogue with Tanzanian colleagues was an advance on simple transfer of educational technologies and expertise. The inquiry resulted in a draft study guide and resources pack that were positively reviewed by Tanzanian tutors. Management and resources issues raised problems of sustainability in the module implementation.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | DISTANCE EDUCATION | TRAINING PROGRAMS | NEEDS | UNESCO | CURRICULUM | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | OBSTACLES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341949

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Political feasibility of scaling-up five evidence-informed HIV interventions in Pakistan: a policy analysis.
Author: Buse K; Lalji N; Mayhew SH; Imran M; Hawkes SJ
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 2):ii37-ii42.
Abstract: Background: Drawing on policy theories, an assessment was made of the perceived political feasibility of scaling-up five evidence-based interventions to curb Pakistan's HIV epidemic: needle and syringe exchange programmes; targeted behaviour change communication; sexual health care for male and transgender sex workers; sexual and reproductive health care for female sex workers; and promoting and protecting the rights of those at greatest risk. Method: A questionnaire was emailed to 40 stakeholders and completed by 22. They expressed their level of agreement with 15 statements for each intervention (related to variables associated with policy success). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 respondents. Results: The interventions represent considerable change from the status quo, but are perceived to respond to widely acknowledged problems. These perceptions, held by the HIV policy elite, need to be set in the context of the prevailing view that the AIDS response is not warranted given the small and concentrated nature of the epidemic and that the interventions do not resonate closely with values held by society. The interventions were perceived to be evidence-based, supported by at least one donor and subject to little resistance from frontline staff as they will be implemented by contracted non-government organisations. The results were mixed in terms of other factors determining political feasibility, including the extent to which interventions are easy to explain, exhibit simple technical features, require few additional funds, are supported and not opposed by powerful stakeholders. Conclusion: The interventions stand a good chance of being implemented although they depend on donor support. The prospects for scaling them would be improved by ongoing policy analysis and strengthening of domestic constituencies among the target groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | KAP SURVEYS | POLICYMAKERS | IV DRUG USERS | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | HEALTH POLICY | INTERVENTIONS | CAPACITY BUILDING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SYRINGE | NEEDLE SHARING | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sex Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Program Sustainability | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Risk Behavior
Document Number: 340114

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Lack of evidence for frequent heterosexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 in Zimbabwe.
Author: Campbell TB; Borok M; Ndemera B; Fiorillo S; White IE; Zhang XQ; Machekano RN; Katzenstein D; Gwanzura L
Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009 Jun 1;48(11):1601-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence about the contribution of heterosexual transmission to the spread of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in southern Africa. This study evaluated the hypothesis that HHV-8 infection is associated with risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other sexually transmitted infections among Zimbabwean men. METHODS: HHV-8 seroprevalence was determined for 2750 participants in the Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project cohort of male factory workers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Potential associations of HHV-8 antibody detection with risk factors for HIV-1 infection were examined by univariate analysis. Variables with [Formula: see text] in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. HHV-8 seroprevalence was also determined among 297 heterosexual couples. RESULTS: Prevalence of HHV-8, HIV-1, and HHV-8 and HIV-1 coinfection was 28.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.8%-30.2%), 19.5% (95% CI, 18.0%-20.9%), and 6.5% (95% CI, 5.6%-7.5%), respectively. Detection of HHV-8 antibodies was independently associated with older age and HIV-1 infection but not with number of recent sex partners, marital status, education, condom use, prior sexually transmitted infections, payment for sex, chronic hepatitis B infection, or incident HIV-1 infection. HHV-8 seroprevalence was 31.7% (95% CI, 26.3-37.0) among wives in the couples tested, but HHV-8 infection of wives was not associated with HHV-8 infection of husbands (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.62-1.88; P = .8). CONCLUSIONS: HHV-8 and HIV-1 infection did not have common sexual risk factors among urban Zimbabwean men. Sexual transmission does not explain the high prevalence of HHV-8 in this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZIMBABWE | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | HETEROSEXUALS | HERPES GENITALIS | TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK FACTORS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Health
Document Number: 341676

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behaviour among Italian adolescents: Knowledge and use of contraceptives.
Author: Capuano S; Simeone S; Scaravilli G; Raimondo D; Balbi C
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr 18;:1-5.
Abstract: Background Comprehensive data concerning the sexual behaviour of Italian adolescents are lacking; the planning of prevention programmes is therefore difficult. Methods The current study evaluates the knowledge of Italian adolescents about sexuality and their use of methods to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The age at first intercourse in the current sample was compared to that found in past samples to ascertain whether sex education was needed at an earlier age. The efficacy of one school-based sex education programme was analysed. Results Overall 630 students in three Italian cities were surveyed. Just over half the students were sexually active. Among these, the mean age at first intercourse was 15.6 years (SD +/- 1.3). The contraception most widely used was the condom although 'coitus interruptus', 'natural family planning' and 'no method' were also mentioned. The knowledge among students from Latina, after they had received sex education, was significantly better. Conclusion Our data show a lower mean age at first intercourse than has been reported for earlier periods by other authors. School-based sexual education is effective in improving knowledge. Sexual health services for young people must be available and counselling services improved.
Language: English
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTION |