1.  Title: Demographic data for development in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Baldwin W; Diers J Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2009. 15 p. (Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper No. 13) Abstract: More demographic data are being collected throughout the developing world than ever before, but the effective use of that data to further development goals is often lacking. This paper summarizes case studies on the demand for data in four sub-Saharan African countries, namely Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal, and Uganda. The project's objective was to create a detailed portrait of access and demand at the country level, and to determine whether policymakers are getting the data they need to develop sound policies. Common findings across the four countries include an increased external demand from international initiatives that has not necessarily translated into internal demand for data; a missing link between producers and users of data; and a need for data to be presented in user-friendly formats. One driver of internal demand for data is the decentralization and democratization process that is underway in all four countries; this demand highlighted the paucity of available data that can be disaggregated at the level to which policies were being devolved. Next steps are to support initiatives to establish data access as a right, encourage a culture of data-sharing among funders and producers of data, strengthen intermediaries between policymakers and data collectors, display data in accessible formats such as maps, and disaggregate available data to the most useful levels. (Author's abstract) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | GHANA | SENEGAL | UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | CASE STUDIES | DATA QUALITY | NEEDS | DECENTRALIZATION | DEMOCRACY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | POVERTY | GENDER ISSUES | YOUTH | POLICY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Communication | Socioeconomic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331433 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: The persistence of induced abortion in Cuba: exploring the notion of an "abortion culture". Author: Belanger D; Flynn A Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):13-26. Abstract: Cuba's annual induced abortion rate persistently ranks among the highest in the world, and abortion plays a prominent role in Cuban fertility regulation despite widespread contraceptive prevalence and state promotion of modern contraceptives. We explore this phenomenon using the concept of an "abortion culture," typically used in reference to Soviet and post-Soviet countries. We synthesize existing literature to provide a historical account of abortion and contraception in Cuba. We also provide a qualitative analysis of abortion and contraceptive use based on in-depth interviews conducted in 2005 in Havana with 24 women who have had an abortion and 10 men whose partners have had an abortion. Information gained from a focus-group discussion with medical professionals also informed the study. Our four principal findings are: (a) longstanding awareness of abortion, (b) the view of abortion as a personal decision, (c) the influence of economic constraints on the decision to induce an abortion, and (d) general skepticism toward contraceptives. We discuss our results on abortion in Cuba in relation to the notion of social diffusion, an approach commonly used to explain the spread of fertility control throughout a population. Language: English Keywords: CUBA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MEN | ABORTION RATE | CULTURE | COMMUNISM | PERCEPTION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | DECISION MAKING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraception Document Number: 341079 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: The health and health system of South Africa: historical roots of current public health challenges. Author: Coovadia H; Jewkes R; Barron P; Sanders D; McIntyre D Source: Lancet. 2009 Sep 5;374(9692):817-34. Abstract: The roots of a dysfunctional health system and the collision of the epidemics of communicable and non-communicable diseases in South Africa can be found in policies from periods of the country's history, from colonial subjugation, apartheid dispossession, to the post-apartheid period. Racial and gender discrimination, the migrant labour system, the destruction of family life, vast income inequalities, and extreme violence have all formed part of South Africa's troubled past, and all have inexorably affected health and health services. In 1994, when apartheid ended, the health system faced massive challenges, many of which still persist. Macroeconomic policies, fostering growth rather than redistribution, contributed to the persistence of economic disparities between races despite a large expansion in social grants. The public health system has been transformed into an integrated, comprehensive national service, but failures in leadership and stewardship and weak management have led to inadequate implementation of what are often good policies. Pivotal facets of primary health care are not in place and there is a substantial human resources crisis facing the health sector. The HIV epidemic has contributed to and accelerated these challenges. All of these factors need to be addressed by the new government if health is to be improved and the Millennium Development Goals achieved in South Africa. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | PUBLIC HEALTH | COLONIALISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | SEX DISCRIMINATION | INEQUALITIES | FAMILY LIFE | VIOLENCE | HEALTH SERVICES | HUMAN RESOURCES | POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Health | Political Systems | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Family and Household | Behavior | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 342803 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: WEALTH, INTELLIGENCE, POLITICS AND GLOBAL FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS. Author: Meisenberg G Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 Mar 27;41:519-535. Abstract: SummaryDemographic trends in today's world are dominated by large fertility differentials between nations, with 'less developed' nations having higher fertility than the more advanced nations. The present study investigates whether these fertility differences are related primarily to indicators of economic development, the intellectual level of the population, or political modernity in the form of liberal democracy. Results obtained with multiple regression, path models and latent variable models are compared. Both log-transformed GDP and measures of intelligence independently reduce fertility across all methods, whereas the effects of liberal democracy are weak and inconsistent. At present rates of fertility and mortality and in the absence of changes within countries, the average IQ of the young world population would decline by 1.34 points per decade and the average per capita income would decline by 0.79% per year. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | POPULATION | FERTILITY RATE | DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | DEMOCRACY | GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | DEATH RATE | INTELLIGENCE | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Production | Macroeconomic Factors | Mortality | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 341480 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Sweeping changes in marriage, cohabitation and childbearing in Central and Eastern Europe: new insights from the developmental idealism framework Transformations radicales du mariage, de la cohabitation et de la cohabitation et de la procreation en Europe Centrale et Orientale: de nouvelles perspectives a partir de la conception ideationnelle du developpement. Author: Thornton A; Philipov D Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 May;25(2):123-156. Abstract: In Central and Eastern Europe following the political transformations of the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were dramatic declines in marriage and childbearing, significant increases in nonmarital cohabitation and childbearing, and a movement from reliance on abortion to a reliance on contraception for fertility limitation. Although many explanations have been offered for these trends, we offer new explanations based on ideational influences and the intersection of these ideational influences with structural factors. We focus on the political, economic, social, and cultural histories of the region, with particular emphasis on how countries in the region have interacted with and been influenced by Western European and North American countries. Our explanations emphasize the role of developmental models in guiding change in the region, suggesting that developmental idealism influenced family and demographic changes following the political transformations. Developmental idealism provides beliefs that modern family systems help to produce modern political and economic accomplishments, and it helps establish the importance of freedom and equality as human rights in both the public and private spheres. The disintegration of the governments and the fall of the iron curtain in the late 1980s and early 1990s brought new understanding about social, economic, and family circumstances in the West, increasing consumption aspirations and expectations which clashed with both old economic realities and the dramatic declines in economic circumstances. In addition, the dissolution of the former governments removed or weakened systems supporting the bearing and rearing of children; and the legitimacy of the former governments and their programs was largely destroyed, thereby removing government support for old norms and patterns of behavior. In addition, the attacks of previous decades on the religious institutions in the region had in many places left these institutions weak. During this period, many openly reached out to embrace the values, living standards, and economic, political, and familial systems of the West. And, the thirst for freedom-and its considerable expansion-operated in personal and familial as well as political and economic realms. These dramatic changes combined together to produce the many changes occurring in family and demographic behavior. Language: English Keywords: EUROPE, CENTRAL | EUROPE, EASTERN | HISTORICAL REVIEW | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSENSUAL UNION | FERTILITY DECLINE | SOCIAL CHANGE | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS | SOCIALISM | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 340171 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Nepalese women under the shadow of domestic violence. Source: Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):547-548. Abstract: Although Nepal's decade-long conflict has ended, every year, tens of thousands of women in the country still experience violence. In about 80% of cases, the perpetrator is not a stranger to the woman but a member of her own family. Sanjaya Dhakal reports from Kathmandu. Despite rising political awareness, most women in Nepal are still subject to deeply entrenched discrimination, resulting in a scary situation where violence against them is commonplace. Domestic violence against women, including beatings by husbands. dowry-related murders, and physical and psychological harassment by families is rampant in Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world. "Of the total incidence of violence against women, domestic violence constitutes over 80%", said Dhana Kumari Sunar, a member of the National Women's Commission (NWC). "Among the various causes of domestic violence, dowry-related hostilities, second marriage by husbands, assaults on women accused of being witches, and disputes involving propertiestop the list", she added. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | DEMOCRACY | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Political Systems Document Number: 324556 |
| 7. Title: Analyzing the origin of armed conflicts and their impact on women: the case of western Cameroon. Author: Bechon CR Source: Women's World. 2008;43:19-23. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: CAMEROON | HISTORICAL REVIEW | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | WAR | COLONIALISM | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | LAND TENURE | AGRICULTURE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Macroeconomic Factors | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 331340 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Modifying Photovoice for community-based participatory Indigenous research. Author: Castleden H; Garvin T Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Mar;66(6):1393-1405. Abstract: Scientific research occurs within a set of socio-political conditions, and in Canada research involving Indigenous communities has a historical association with colonialism. Consequently, Indigenous peoples have been justifiably sceptical and reluctant to become the subjects of academic research. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is an attempt to develop culturally relevant research models that address issues of injustice, inequality, and exploitation. The work reported here evaluates the use of Photovoice, a CBPR method that uses participant-employed photography and dialogue to create social change, which was employed in a research partnership with a First Nation in Western Canada. Content analysis of semi-structured interviews (n = 45) evaluated participants' perspectives of the Photovoice process as part of a larger study on health and environment issues. The analysis revealed that Photovoice effectively balanced power, created a sense of ownership, fostered trust, built capacity, and responded to cultural preferences. The authors discuss the necessity of modifying Photovoice, by building in an iterative process, as being key to the methodological success of the project. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | ACTION RESEARCH | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | COMMUNITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | COLONIALISM | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | INEQUALITIES | VISUAL AIDS | OWNERSHIP | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Educational Methods | Educational Activities | Education Document Number: 324679 |
| 9. Title: Prescribing in maternity care in Russia: the legacy of Soviet medicine. Author: Danichevski K; McKee M; Balabanova D Source: Health Policy. 2008 Feb;85(2):242-251. Abstract: Remarkably, there has been very little detailed research on clinical practice in Russia and its neighbours in what was the USSR, even though it is known that the USSR was isolated from many international developments, in particular evidence-based medicine. In this study we examine obstetric practice, an area of practice where there is an extensive body of evidence on the appropriateness of many interventions. The study is undertaken in Tula, a region 200 km south of Moscow. Building on earlier detailed analyses of data from the facilities in the region, it reports a series of structured interviews with 52 obstetricians from all 19 facilities in the region, designed to identify patterns of prescribing, supplemented by 36 more detailed re-interviews to explore reasons for the differing practices. The study demonstrates a widespread divergence from internationally accepted practice. Maternity care is extremely medicalised but many non-evidence based medicines are used. Some are heavily marketed by large pharmaceutical companies, some were widely used during the Soviet period but never evaluated, and a few are not known to be used anywhere else in the world. For several conditions, the most widely used drugs are clearly inferior to alternative products and some are used for indications quite different from those in other countries. This study contributes to the growing evidence that much of the care provided in Russian maternity units is ineffective or potentially dangerous but also begins to offer some explanations for why this is, including a lack of access to information and a lack of awareness of the concept of evidence-based practice. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | OBSTETRICS | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | PRESCRIPTIONS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | COMMUNISM | SCIENCE | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | HEALTH POLICY | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Medical Procedures | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Policy Document Number: 314022 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Author: Hill K; Selzer W; Leaning J; Malik SJ; Russell SS Source: Population Studies. 2008;62(2):155-170. Abstract: We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931-41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater between 1941 and 1951 than would have been predicted by loss rates between 1931 and 1941. We estimate a net Partition-related population movement out of the combined Punjab of about 400,000. We conclude from several lines of analysis that Partition-related population losses in the Punjab, either from deaths or unrecorded migration, were in the range 2.3-3.2 million. Partition was also marked by a dramatic religious homogenization at the district level. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CENSUS METHODS | POPULATION | ETHNIC GROUPS | MIGRANTS | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | COLONIALISM | HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY | CENSUS | POPULATION GROWTH | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | POPULATION DECREASE | RELIGION | ISLAM | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demography | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 327733 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Noble goals, unforeseen consequences: Control of tropical diseases in colonial Central Africa and the iatrogenic transmission of blood-borne viruses. Author: Pepin J; Labbe AC Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Jun;13(6):1-10. Abstract: In southern Cameroon, 40-50% of individuals born before 1945 have antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), suggesting massive iatrogenic transmission of at least one blood-borne virus in the region of the world where SIVcpz emerged into HIV-1. The objective was to estimate the potential role of disease control programs that used intravenous (IV) drugs in the transmission of blood-borne viruses, especially HCV. We reviewed, for 1921-1959, records of health services in Cameroun, Oubangui-Chari, Gabon and Moyen-Congo. We calculated the incidence of diseases whose treatment required the administration of IV drugs, and compared these with previously published data on HCV prevalence. Several IV drugs were used against African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, yaws and syphilis. However, yaws was the only disease whose incidence was high enough so that up to half of some birth cohorts could have acquired HCV. Yaws incidence varied dramatically between regions, and was often greater than 200 per 1000 per year in southern Cameroon, where extremely high HCV prevalence was found. Yaws incidence peaked between 1935 and 1955, a period which coincided with the emergence of HCV and HIV. Age, geographical and temporal distributions of yaws suggest that the HCV epidemic in Cameroon was driven by campaigns against yaws (and, secondarily, syphilis) using arsenicals and other metallic drugs. The same interventions may have exponentially amplified other blood-borne viruses, including SIVcpz / HIV-1. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CAMEROON | AFRICA, CENTRAL | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | DATA ANALYSIS | HEPATITIS | PREVALENCE | COLONIALISM | DISEASE TRANSMISSION CONTROL | PUBLIC HEALTH | CAMPAIGNS | SYPHILIS | AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS | NEEDLE SHARING | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Prevention and Control | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Parasitic Diseases | Risk Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 325953 |
| 12. Title: Armed conflict in Ivory Coast and its impact on women's human rights. Author: Sabine KA Source: Women's World. 2008;43:24-32. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: COTE D'IVOIRE | HISTORICAL REVIEW | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | WAR | COLONIALISM | HUMAN RIGHTS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | NATIONALITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Systems | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Population Characteristics Document Number: 331341 |
| 13. Title: The Women's Legal Rights Initiative. Final report. USAID Contract No. GEW-I-00-02-00016-00, Task Order 01. Author: Chemonics International. Women's Legal Rights Initiative Source: [Washington, D.C.], Chemonics International, Women's Legal Rights Initiative, 2007 Jan. [150] p. (USAID Contract No. GEW-I-00-02-00016-00,) Abstract: From 2002 to 2007, the Women's Legal Rights Initiative (WLR), implemented by Chemonics International in partnership with the Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA), MetaMetrics Inc., and Partners of the Americas, worked to advance the legal, civil, property, and human rights of women in 10 developing countries under a task order issued under the Women in Development Indefinite Quality Contract. Target countries were Albania, Benin, Guatemala, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, and Swaziland. WLR has supported USAID's Bureau of Economic Governance and Trade, Office of Women in Development's strategic objective "Women's Legal Rights Increasingly Protected" and its corollary intermediate results of improving legislation to protect women's legal rights, enhancing justice sector capacity to interpret and enforce women's legal rights, strengthening civil society organizations' capacity to advocate for legal protections for women, and increasing public awareness of women's legal rights. Collectively, these activities promoted USAID's broader goal of strengthened democracy and good governance. The five-year WLR project ended eight months early due to unexpected funding cuts, with the exception of programming for Benin, which will continue through September 2007. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | USAID | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | LEGISLATION | ADVOCACY | PUBLIC RELATIONS | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | DEMOCRACY | SEX DISCRIMINATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | MONITORING | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Communication | Social Change | Political Systems | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 318680 |
| 14. Title: Report of the Secretary-General on the work of the organization. Author: United Nations. Secretary-General Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2007. [74] p. (A/62/1) General Assembly, Official Records, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 1 (A/62/1). Abstract: This, my first annual report, comes at a time when the Member States and the peoples of the world are asking the United Nations to do more - in more spheres of activity, in more locations, in more challenging circumstances - than at any point in the Organization's history. While the surging demand for our services is daunting, we must not shrink from this challenge. Indeed it should be welcomed. This is a sign not only of the many pressing needs in the world today, but also of the increasing recognition that they can best be addressed collectively, through the world's only truly universal instrument, the United Nations. In order to tackle effectively the full range of challenges coming our way, however, we will need to narrow the gap between aspiration and achievement. Enhancing our ability to deliver results consistently and effectively will require the full commitment of our Member States, as well as the reform and reorientation of the Organization. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | ANNUAL REPORT | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | PEACEKEEPING | WAR | HUMAN RIGHTS | HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE | DEMOCRACY | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | GLOBAL WARMING | CLIMATE | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Political Systems | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Environment | Economic Development Document Number: 308888 |
| 15. Title: Libraries in the time of AIDS: African perspectives and recommendations for a revised model of LIS education. Author: Albright K; Kawooya D Source: International Information and Library Review. 2007 Jun;39(2):109-120. Abstract: Library and information science (LIS) education in Sub-Saharan Africa has its historical roots in colonialism, modeling its curriculum after European LIS training, based upon the information needs of the European cultures. While this model has been useful in building and guiding LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa, it has not adequately addressed the unique cultural needs of the African societies it represents, particularly in achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) established by the United Nations. This paper presents a critical analysis of the LIS profession within a Sub-Saharan context. Beginning with an overview of libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa, it proceeds to examine LIS education and practice within a cultural context, critically analyzing existing structures that have their roots in colonialism. It raises questions regarding the adequacy of current LIS education and practice towards meeting development goals, using HIV/AIDS as an example. Drawing from previous research and projects in Africa, recommendations for the future of LIS education in Sub-Saharan Africa are presented. A case study from an existing partnership between academic programs in LIS in Uganda and the United States is used as an example of the benefits to both institutions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | LIBRARIES | EDUCATION | GOALS | CULTURE | COLONIALISM | KNOWLEDGE | POVERTY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | Developing Countries | Africa | Information Centers | Communication | Planning | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS Document Number: 320625 |
| 16. Title: Path-dependency and path-creation perspectives on migration trajectories: The economic experiences of Vietnamese migrants in Slovakia. Author: Balaz V; Williams AM Source: International Migration. 2007 Jun;45(2):37-67. Abstract: There has been only limited research on the Vietnamese diaspora, and that has mostly focussed on Western market economies. This paper explores the distinctive migration, dictated by Cold War geopolitics, from Viet Nam to the Eastern bloc countries. It examines how the intersection of migration policies and politico-economic conditions, before and after the end of state socialism in 1989, produced two distinctive migration phases. Faced with economic constraints, and mediated by their relationships with the Slovak population, most Vietnamese who stayed in, or migrated to, Slovakia after 1989 survived economically by finding a niche in market trading. This paper adopts a path-creating path-dependent perspective to examine these migration trajectories through an analysis based on in-depth interviews with Vietnamese migrants. (author's) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | MIGRANTS | LABOR FORCE | MIGRATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | MIGRATION POLICY | SOCIALISM | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Human Resources | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 313639 |
| 17. Title: Wearing the T-shirt: An exploration of the ideological underpinnings of visual representations of the African body with HIV or AIDS. Author: Bates AE Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2007;6(1):67-78. Abstract: The article takes a hermeneutic approach to exploring a selection of visual representations of the African body in relation to the issue of HIV and AIDS in Africa. In particular, it argues that the trope of 'deficiency' ('lack'), wherein Africa is constructed as dirty, degenerate, decaying and dying, continues in visual representations aimed at a northern or UK audience. In contrast, examples of public health material aimed at a South African audience present a postcolonial counter-discourse where the African body is empowered rather than deficient. These two assumptions and their accompanying visuals parallel two differing narratives about HIV and AIDS in Africa. The article explores the ideological underpinnings of those narratives in four sections: 1) Paper-thin facts presents certain attitudes about Africa and the African body that have come into currency in relation to colonialism; 2) A matter of mor(t)ality examines the relationship between morality and the mortality of the African body; 3) The legacies endure analyses selected images aimed at a potential donor, UK audience with reference to the ideologies proposed in the previous sections; and 4) Wearing the T-shirt engages with the proposed counter-discourse and its visual representations, as evident in a selection of South African public health material. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | STIGMA | PERCEPTION | ARTS AND CRAFTS | VISUAL AIDS | CULTURE | ATTITUDES | COLONIALISM | RACE RELATIONS | LANGUAGE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Educational Methods | Educational Activities | Education | Political Systems | Political Factors | Communication Document Number: 323304 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Rebel girls? Unplanned pregnancy and colonialism in highlands Papua, Indonesia. Author: Butt L; Munro J Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2007 Nov-Dec;9(6):585-598. Abstract: In highlands Papua, Indonesia, rapid social change under a colonial system of governance has created novel sexual opportunities for young indigenous women. Recent scholarship has viewed similar youthful sexual practices that challenge the status quo as expressions of personal agency. By looking at how young women and their families cope with unplanned pregnancies, we suggest that a more viable analytic approach would be to view sexuality, pregnancy and childbirth as a single unit of analysis. From this perspective, young women's experiences are primarily ones of constraint. Case studies offer insights into the ways a political context of colonial domination limits options and choices for young women who have children born out of wedlock. In particular, this paper describes how the 'settler gaze' - omnipresent colonial norms and judgments - creates regulatory effects in the realm of reproduction. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | YOUTH | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | COLONIALISM | POWER | BELIEFS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Political Systems | Political Factors | Culture | Family and Household Document Number: 313941 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Women's organizations and local democracy: Promoting effective participation of women in Central America. Author: Clulow M Source: Development. 2007;50(1):86-89. Abstract: Michael Clulow presents four feminist non-governmental organizations that have played a leading role in democratizing local activities to include the participation of women. Las Dignas and Las Melidas from El Salvador, CEM-H from Honduras and Grupo Venancia from Nicaragua individually and collectively have successfully developed many tools and approaches to promote women's participation. He suggests at the heart of all their work, and the key to their successes are the building of strong participatory organizations and the empowerment and training of women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | EL SALVADOR | HONDURAS | PROGRESS REPORT | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | FEMINISM | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | GENDER ISSUES | GOVERNMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | DEMOCRACY | SOCIAL CHANGE | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Systems Document Number: 317533 |
| 20. Title: Sex and security state: Gender, sexuality, and "subversion" at Brazil's Escola Superior de Guerra, 1964 -- 1985. Author: Cowan B Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality. 2007 Sep;16(3):459-481. Abstract: This essay seeks to illuminate a fragment of that larger picture, exploring the ways that ESG thinkers in the 1960s and 1970s lent conceptual shape to national security threats as sexual and gendered attacks on an ideally anticommunist Brazil. Initial (i.e., 1950s and early 1960s) ESG preoccupations revolved around international communism's capacity for inciting national disorder, a rather general concept often described in terms of territorial, political, social, and even corporeal "disintegration" (desintegracao), "disaggregation" (desagregacao), or "dissolution" (dissolucao). As the years wore on, however, fresh and more specific concerns complicated and elaborated the ordem-obsessed paranoias of the ESG's first decade. Internal enemies began to dominate ESG anxieties, and terms like "subversion" (subversao) and "revolutionary warfare" (guerra revolucionaria, an official ESG schematic for covert, communist-inspired, physical, and psychological warfare) became constants in an increasingly alarmist discourse. These ever-invoked specters gradually gained conceptual substance, and the desintegracao central to earlier discussions took on a crucial sexual - and sexually threatened - component. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | HISTORICAL REVIEW | YOUTH | MILITARY PERSONNEL | NATIONAL SECURITY | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | COMMUNISM | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL CHANGE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socialism | Political Systems Document Number: 323719 |
| 21. Title: Special report on Poland: Exorcising the past, imperiling the future. Author: Crossette B Source: Conscience. 2007;27(4):[13] p. Abstract: In the Autumn of 2005, not long after one of the most conservative parties in Poland unexpectedly emerged from an election with enough legislative seats to form a right-wing coalition government, some like-minded Polish members of the European Parliament mounted an exhibition at a parliamentary building in Strasbourg. The show was called, innocently, "Life and Children in Europe," but it was shocking. Most distressing to some who saw it were photographs of children in Nazi concentration camps juxtaposed with images of fetuses and a damning quote from Mother Teresa, an implacable foe of abortion until her death. The link between abortion and the crimes of Hitler was obvious. Ana Gomes, an outspoken Portuguese Socialist member of the European Parliament (MEP), went with two Belgian colleagues to the exhibition, determined to remove several particularly offending panels. In an e-mail exchange in August 2006, Gomes said, "They tried to equate women who abort with Nazi crimes. Two colleagues and I decided to go into action." A scuffle ensued, and the relevant parliamentary committee was called in to settle it. The peacemaker, a Socialist MEP from Poland, ordered the controversial panels removed. "She was savaged in the Polish media," Gomes recalled. "We had to give interviews all over to support her." Months of campaigning followed by Poland's new government, which engaged battles that Western Europe thought had long ago been won by voices of moderation. Poles would call for, among other things, the restoration of the death penalty, an end to support for stem cell research and no movement on strengthening gay rights at a European level. To Krzysztof Bobinski, director of the Warsaw-based pro-European Union foundation Unia i Polska (the Union and Poland), it seemed the European Union's largest new member was choosing to move in an opposite direction on social issues from the "old" E.U. "I think we went into the period of freedom after 1989 with a kind of liberal consensus -- liberal in terms of free-market economics and also liberal in terms of morals and manners," Bobinski said during an interview in Warsaw during September 2006. In 1989, a relatively open election in Poland led the way to the collapse of single-party communist rule across Central and Eastern Europe. Nearly two decades later, Bobinski said, the current government and Poland's powerful Roman Catholic church may not be signaling the early death of liberal Poland, "but there hasn't been an attempt made like this since 1989." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: POLAND | EUROPEAN UNION | CRITIQUE | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | YOUTH | CONSERVATISM | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION LAW | COMMUNISM | HUMAN RIGHTS | CONTRACEPTION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Socialism | Political Systems Document Number: 310153 Notification |
| 22. Title: Internal displacement, migration, and policy in northeastern India. Author: Goswami U Source: Washington, D.C., East-West Center Washington, 2007 Apr. 61 p. (East-West Center Washington Working Papers No. 8) Abstract: The paper is divided into four sections: Migration; Illegal Migration and Policy Lacunae; Ethnic Politics and Internal Displacement; and State Responses to Internal Displacement. In the first section I discuss the colonial policy environment, altered administrative boundaries and concepts and how all this aided/abetted large-scale migrations into the Northeast. Demographic patterns were fast changing under the colonial administration's policy of importing more migrants to people a frontier region, and this approach did not lapse when a post-colonial government was ushered in. I subsequently look at how colonial legacies lived on in the postcolonial period. Postcolonial policies reflected this while influx of population continued unabated. The case of Arunachal and settlement of refugees and other non-native populations there has been taken as an example for elucidation. There is also a close look at migrations from the various neighboring countries and a discussion of illegal migration, and the state's response all such migrations. The case of continued influx from Bangladesh-mainly into Assam-has been taken as a case in point. The inefficacy of the various instruments suggested by various quarters for tackling the problem have been discussed and the sincerity of all quarters towards solving the problem questioned. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | ILLEGAL MIGRANTS | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | ETHNIC GROUPS | BORDER CROSSING | INTERNAL MIGRATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | COLONIALISM | MIGRATION POLICY | LEGISLATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | International Migration | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 319214 |
| 23. Title: Cuban intervention in South African health care service provision. Author: Hammett D Source: Journal of Southern African Studies. 2007 Mar;33(1):63-81. Abstract: This article considers the reasons for, and implications of, Cuban development assistance being provided to the South African health care system. The provision of skilled Cuban doctors to South Africa has been a feature of post-apartheid health care services. Under a series of bilateral agreements, over 450 Cuban doctors have taken placements in South Africa and over 250 South African medical students have undergone training in Cuba. The economic, political and symbolic incentives for this co-operation for both parties are considered against the costs incurred. Drawing upon historical links between the ANC and the Communist government in Cuba, this agreement provides both states with much-needed resources. It is shown that whilst short- to medium-term benefits outweigh the costs to both parties, questions remain over its sustainability. South Africa is drawing upon Cuban expertise in health care services to mitigate its shortage of health care staff whilst providing financial and symbolic capital to an anti-apartheid ally. In the long term, concerns exist over the sustainability of this agreement in a post-Castro Cuba, as well as restrictions on families accompanying doctors traveling to South Africa, and recent rulings over the possibility for Cuban doctors to remain in South Africa beyond their initial contract. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CUBA | SUMMARY REPORT | PHYSICIANS | BRAIN DRAIN | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | COMMUNISM | INTERVENTIONS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 317108 |
| 24. Title: Romantic anarchism and pedestrian liberalism. Author: Herzog D Source: Political Theory. 2007 Jun;35(3):313-333. Abstract: Emma Goldman's stance toward anarchism was oddly mystified, even loving. Precisely this enchantment led her to see clearly the deep vices of Soviet Russia, when so many on the sane and sober Left were blind to them. So pedestrian liberals ought to relish having the extreme likes of Goldman in their midst. They-we-can faithfully recite their lessons from Mill about free speech, eccentrics, and the proliferation of viewpoints. But more recent liberals and deliberative democrats, insisting on the political centrality of reasonableness, would have problems embracing her. That should give us pause at the politics of reasonableness. And Goldman's infatuation with her own politics offers a tweak on Aristotle: a bad person can make a good citizen. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | INFLUENTIALS | MINORITY GROUPS | POLITICAL FACTORS | DEMOCRACY | LIBERALISM | CAPITALISM | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Political Systems | Social Problems Document Number: 322910 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Resistance and renewal: Health sector reform and Cambodia's national tuberculosis programme. Author: Hill PS; Mao Tan Eang Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2007 Aug;85(8):631-636. Abstract: Following the destruction of Cambodia's health infrastructure during the Khmer Rouge period (1975-1979) and the subsequent decade of United Nations sanctions, international development assistance has focused on reconstructing the country's health system. The recognition of Cambodia's heavy burden of tuberculosis (TB) and the lapse of TB control strategies during the transition to democracy prompted the national tuberculosis programme's relaunch in the mid-1990s as WHO-backed health sector reforms were introduced. This paper examines the conflicts that arose between health reforms and TB control programmes due to their different operating paradigms. It also discusses how these tensions were resolved during introduction of the DOTS strategy for TB treatment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | TUBERCULOSIS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | FOREIGN AID | DEMOCRACY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | WHO | ANTIBIOTICS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Infections | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 319050 |
| 26. Title: Formative years of family planning in Indonesia. Author: Hull TH Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :235-256. Abstract: While the histories of national family planning programs around the world differ, they also have common threads that provide complementary lessons. Whether one considers the debates about incentives in Bangladesh, the one-child policy in China, or the attempt by an authoritarian ruler to push population control in India, explanations for behavioral change must be looked at in a cultural or historical framework, yet the themes that emerge can often be generalized to quite different settings. A family planning program is an outcome of deliberate actions by key individuals and this results in the formation of institutions, in logistics systems, and in various health and social resources. At the same time, the population must experience a radical transformation of beliefs that leads them from a preference for large families to a preference for small families. This is the experience of Indonesia, where actions by some remarkable individuals, combined with dramatic social changes, shifted a high-fertility nation to replacement-level fertility over the course of four decades. The Indonesian state was born in 1945-49. Relations with Western countries were normalized over the ensuing years, leading to some international involvement in family planning in Indonesia and the establishment of a private family planning association following President Sukarno's announced opposition to government assistance. Then in 1965 the government changed, opening the door to what would become one of the most prominent family planning programs in the world. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | CASE STUDIES | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FERTILITY DECLINE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | POLITICAL FACTORS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL CHANGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | DEMOCRACY | DECENTRALIZATION | GENDER ISSUES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Economic Factors | Contraception | Political Systems | Health Document Number: 321950 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: The significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Author: Hunter M Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2007 Feb;64(3):689-700. Abstract: Between 1990 and 2005, HIV prevalence rates in South Africa jumped from less than 1% to around 29%. Important scholarship has demonstrated how racialized structures entrenched by colonialism and apartheid set the scene for the rapid unfolding of the AIDS pandemic, like other causes of ill-health before it. Of particular relevance is the legacy of circular male-migration, an institution that for much of the 20th century helped to propel the transmission of sexually transmitted infections among black South Africans denied permanent urban residence. But while the deep-rooted antecedents of AIDS have been noted, less attention has been given to more recent changes in the political economy of sex, including those resulting from the post-apartheid government's adoption of broadly neo-liberal policies. As an unintentional consequence, male migration and apartheid can be seen as almost inevitably resulting in AIDS, a view that can disconnect the pandemic from contemporary social and economic debates. Combining ethnographic, historical, and demographic approaches, and focusing on sexuality in the late apartheid and early post-apartheid periods, this article outlines three interlinked dynamics critical to understanding the scale of the AIDS pandemic: (1) rising unemployment and social inequalities that leave some groups, especially poor women, extremely vulnerable; (2) greatly reduced marital rates and the subsequent increase of one person households; and (3) rising levels of women's migration, especially through circular movements between rural areas and informal settlements/urban areas. As a window into these changes, the article gives primary attention to the country's burgeoning informal settlements--spaces in which HIV rates are reported to be twice the national average--and to connections between poverty and money/sex exchanges. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | RETURN MIGRATION | RESIDENT STATUS | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | COLONIALISM | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | SEX FACTORS | SEGREGATION | UNEMPLOYMENT | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Political Systems | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Population Characteristics | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 310711 |
| 28. Title: Reflections on Islamic identity, citizenship rights and women's struggle for gender justice: Illustration from India. Author: Hussain S Source: Journal of International Women's Studies. 2007 Nov;9(1):63-79. Abstract: Women's rights face an uncertain future throughout much of the Islamic world. The fate of women's rights throughout the Islamic world crucially hinges upon the outcome of debates on reforms of family and penal codes including new understandings of Islamic law and teaching. It requires mention that there is no monolithic trend of women's struggle for gender justice even in Islamic countries. It varies with the cultural setting, the political structure of the state and the location of the community. In the Islamic world, the question of gender justice often becomes a struggle to be fought at two levels: against the forces of conservatism in society and against its anti-democratic effects on the political structure of the country. There is growing tension between gender justice and rising conservatism. Fundamentalist forces try to impose greater control over women, even though this approach may or may not have to do anything with religion. In such a context, Muslim women face several new dilemmas. Dothey stand with their community under attack and hold in abeyance their struggle against the fundamentalist leaders or do they foreground their critique of Islamic conservatism at a time when imperialism uses women's unequal status under Islamic law to garner ideological support for their imperial project? A similar dilemma is faced by Muslim women in India as members of a minority community faced with majoritarian communalism. A significant challenge before Muslim women is to find ways to overcome the dilemma and question the foundations of Islamic law where it is incompatible with democratic rights without compromising their sense of solidarity with their community. What must be done to overcome the practical hurdles that stand in the way of reconciling Islam with universal principles of women's rights? How can Muslim feminists win the interpretive struggle against the conservatives? (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | ISLAM | CONSERVATISM | DEMOCRACY | FEMINISM | LEGISLATION | COURT DECISION | ADVOCACY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Political Systems | Litigation | Communication Document Number: 323704 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: The effect of unusual social experience on the global health of North Korean asylum seekers. Author: Kim DS; Cho Y; Moon OR Source: Public Health. 2007 Apr;121(4):287-295. Abstract: Objectives: This study examined the risk factors associated with a negative self-rating of subjective health among North Korean asylum seekers, paying particular attention to the unusual social experiences of this population. Study design: This study utilized the North Korean Health Care System Data Set (NKHCS). This data set is comprised of information on 221 North Korean asylum seekers (aged 20 years and over) who were housed in Hanawon, a South Korean government facility. We specifically examined the effect of three separate risk factors (major country of residence after exiting North Korea, duration of stay in country, and whom they were accompanied by during their migration event) associated with the unusual social experiences of North Korean asylum seekers on their global health. Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out in order to assess the consistency and validity of extant hypotheses and general expectations. Results: North Korean asylum seekers who entered South Korea within one year of their defection or were accompanied by non-family members tended to negatively self-report their health status. However, major intermediate country of residence after exiting North Korea showed no effect. Higher educational attainment and membership of the Labour Party of North Korea were negatively associated with the global health of this population, though this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We found that the unusual social experiences of North Korean asylum seekers, particularly intermediate country duration and companionship characteristics, were significantly associated with their health. Future studies need to examine the relationship between diverse social experiences during residence in intermediate countries and the health of this population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | REFUGEES | RISK FACTORS | SELF-PERCEPTION | DOMICILE | TIME FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | COMMUNISM | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socialism | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 313299 |
| 30. Title: What's British about gender and empire? The problem of exceptionalism. Author: Levine P Source: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 2007;27(2):273-282. Abstract: When historians speak of exceptionalism, it is the history and the historiography of the United States that comes most immediately to mind. The notion of American exceptionalism has certainly dominated historical thinking, but its preeminence should not blind us to a parallel tradition within the spectrum of British ideas and rhetoric. Britain also espoused a strong doctrine of exceptionalism, which, like that of the United States, was most boldly and widely expressed at the zenith of Britain's power and authority. Exceptionalism, in short, and as Robert Gregg has persuasively argued, was an "imperial formulation" premised on exclusion and elision. A celebration of Britain's allegedly unique skills in colonizing vast tracts of the globe, swaddled in the discourse of civilization and progress, justified imperial conquest and rule just as American exceptionalism vindicated the slaughter of native Americans and the appropriation of their lands, especially at the height of westward expansion. In tandem with its powerful validation of empire building, exceptionalism also strengthened the idea of national particularity, with its emphasis on the positioning of one nation as especially endowed or destined for greatness and for rightful power. In the case of modern Britain that power was the sway over colonized peoples and countries, stressing the moral and civilizational gap between ruler and ruled. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | COMMUNICATIONS PERSONNEL | COLONIALISM | CULTURE | FEMINISM | GENDER ISSUES | REPRODUCTION | SEXUALITY | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Communication | Political Systems | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 323530 |
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