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Title: Compensation for the brain drain from developing countries [editorial]
Author: Agwu K; Llewelyn M
Source: Lancet. 2009 May 16;373(9676):1665-6.
Abstract: This article examines the consequences and roots of health-worker migration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the developed world, especially to UK, USA and Canada. It explores the results of the major transfer of riches from poor societies to the affluent and discusses a compensation proposal for global justice.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | BRAIN DRAIN | RISK FACTORS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | EMPLOYMENT | IMPACT | Delivery of Health Care | Health | International Migration | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 341604

3.
Title: HIV-infected African parents living in Stockholm, Sweden: disclosure and planning for their children's future.
Author: Asander AS; Bjorkman A; Belfrage E; Faxelid E
Source: Health and Social Work. 2009 May;34(2):107-15.
Abstract: In Sweden, most HIV-infected parents are of African origin. The present study explored the frequency of HIV-infected African parents' disclosure of their status to their children and custody planning for their children's future to identify support needs among these families. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 47 parents (41 families). The study population included first-generation immigrants, with a total of 87 children less than 18 years of age. Only women had disclosed their HIV status, and only to eight of 59 children older than six. Half of the parents had talked to someone about future custody arrangements. These parents had more contact with a social worker at the social welfare office and with a medical social worker at the HIV clinic. Most parents (30) wanted their children to be cared for by a relative in Sweden or by their HIV-negative partner. Neither disclosure nor custody planning was associated with clinical status or antiretroviral treatment. This study highlights the low HIV-disclosure rate to children of HIV-infected African immigrant parents and the importance of support from social workers.
Language: English
Keywords:
SWEDEN | AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IMMIGRANTS | CHILD CUSTODY | PLANNING | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developing Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Communication | Data Collection | Research Methodology
Document Number: 341675

Title: Sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-1/2 in immigrant and non-immigrant female sex workers in Argentina.
Author: Bautista CT; Pando MA; Reynaga E; Marone R; Sateren WB; Montano SM; Sanchez JL; Avila MM
Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):99-104.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study socio-demographics, sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalences of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in immigrant (foreigner) and non-immigrant (local/native) female sex workers (FSW). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in immigrant and non-immigrant FSW living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 625 FSW were enrolled, of whom 169 (27%) were immigrant FSW from Paraguay, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C was significantly higher among Argentinean FSW than among immigrant FSW. However, hepatitis B prevalence was higher among immigrant FSW. Adjusted risk factor analysis comparing immigrant FSW with Argentinean FSW indicated that marital status (single), occupation (none), fee per sex act (Language: English
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IMMIGRANTS | HEPATITIS | SYPHILIS | PREVALENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement
Document Number: 331118

Peer Reviewed

Title: Women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth in Nairobi's informal settlements.
Author: Bazant ES; Koening MA; Fotso JC; Mills S
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):39-50.
Abstract: The private sector's role in increasing the use of maternal health care for the poor in developing countries has received increasing attention, yet few data exist for urban slums. Using household-survey data from 1,926 mothers in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, collected in 2006, we describe and examine the factors associated with women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth. More women gave birth at private facilities located in the settlements than at government facilities, and one-third of the women gave birth at home or with the assistance of a traditional birth attendant. In multivariate models, women's education, ethnic group, and household wealth were associated with institutional deliveries, especially in government hospitals. Residents in the more disadvantaged settlement were more likely than those in the better-off settlement to give birth in private facilities. In urban areas, maternal health services in both the government and private sectors should be strengthened, and efforts made to reach out to women who give birth at home.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | HOUSEHOLDS | CHILDBIRTH | REFUGEE CAMPS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PRIVATE SECTOR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HEALTH FACILITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health Services | Macroeconomic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341077

Peer Reviewed

Title: Project AID Khmer: addressing the health impact of HIV/AIDS on Cambodia through rural capacity building.
Author: Chang M; Kong NB; Phal V; Pugatch D; Allen S
Source: Global Public Health. 2009 May 27;:1-12.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in Cambodia have largely focussed on urban populations. This focus, however, has diverted attention from the impact of the disease on rural communities, where poverty and a lack of basic infrastructure forced many to migrate to urban areas. Rural communities thus play a crucial part in the understanding of HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics in Cambodia. This paper will provide an analysis of socio-economic and health-related needs of rural communities in Cambodia, giving a different context for understanding the national burden of HIV/AIDS. These concepts will be illustrated with experiences from Project AID Khmer, a Cambodian non-governmental organisation that is working to improve Cambodian health through education programmes and community capacity building in rural Takeo province.
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | RURAL POPULATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | CAPACITY BUILDING | HIV PREVENTION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | POVERTY | AGRICULTURE | LAND TENURE | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Health
Document Number: 341470

Title: Domestic violence against women during pregnancy: the case of Palestinian refugees attending an antenatal clinic in Lebanon.
Author: Hammoury N; Khawaja M; Mahfoud Z; Afifi RA; Madi H
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Mar;18(3):337-45.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant Palestinian refugee women residing in Lebanon and currently using the United Nation Relief and Work Agency's (UNRWA) primary healthcare services. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a polyclinic of primary healthcare of the UNRWA in South Lebanon during the years 2005-2006. The sample was 351 pregnant women who were 15-42 years of age and not accompanied by their husbands or relatives. All women were invited by the midwife to participate in the study during their visit to the clinic for their first checkup or during a follow-up visit. The Abuse Assessment Screen instrument was used to screen for past and recent history of physical and emotional abuse among the participants. RESULTS: Domestic violence was significantly associated with education, gestational age, fear of husband or someone else in the house, and unintended pregnancy. The odds of abuse for women with an elementary or lower education were 6.86 (95% CI 1.2-38.1) and for women with an intermediate or secondary education 6.84 (95% CI 1.4-33.3) compared with women with a university education. The odds of abuse during pregnancy for women whose husbands did not desire their pregnancy were 3.80 (95% CI 1.5-9.7) compared with other women. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence against women in Lebanon was associated with educational level, gestational age, fear of husband or someone else in the house, and unintended pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | ANTENATAL CARE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PHYSICAL ABUSE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | FEAR | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Middle East | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Violence | Behavior | Diseases | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility
Document Number: 341353

Title: HIV behavioural surveillance among refugees and surrounding host communities in Uganda, 2006.
Author: Harrison KM; Claass J; Spiegel PB; Bamuturaki J; Patterson N; Muyonga M; Tatwebwa L
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):29-41.
Abstract: We used a standardised behavioural surveillance survey (BSS), modified to be directly relevant to populations in conflict and post-conflict settings as well as to their surrounding host populations, to survey the populations of a refugee settlement in south-western Uganda and its surrounding area. Two-stage probability sampling was used to conduct 800 interviews in each population. The BSS questionnaire adapted for displaced populations was administered to adults aged 15-59 years. It collected information on HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices; issues before, during and after displacement; level of interaction and sexual exploitation among the refugees and host communities (i.e., nationals). Population parameters were compared and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for core HIV indicators. The demographic characteristics were similar (except for educational achievement), and HIV awareness was very high (>95%) in both populations. The refugees reported more-accepting attitudes towards persons with HIV than did nationals (19% versus 13%; p < 0.01). More refugees than nationals reported ever having had transactional sex (10% versus 6%; p < 0.01), which mostly occurred post-displacement. Five percent of females among both the refugees and nationals reported experiencing forced sex, which mostly occurred post-displacement and after the arrival of refugees, respectively. Nationals reported more frequent travel to refugee settlements than reported by refugees to national villages (22% versus 11%; p < 0.01). The high mobility and frequent interactions of these two populations suggest that integrated HIV programmes should be developed and would be an efficient use of resources. Evidence suggesting that female refugees may be at elevated risk for HIV infection, due to forced sex, transactional sex and other vulnerabilities, warrants further examination through qualitative research. The findings indicate a need for additional, focused HIV-prevention programmes, such as youth education, for both refugees and Ugandan nationals.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | REFUGEE CAMPS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | REFUGEES | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341285

10.

Title: Anaemia among pregnant Palestinian women in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
Author: Khader A; Madi H; Riccardo F; Sabatinelli G
Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2009 Aug 14;:1-5.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess anaemia prevalence and correlated social and biological determinants among pregnant women in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt). DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey conducted among pregnant women attending/accessing UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) health centres in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in September and October 2006. SETTING: Fifty-five UNRWA health centres in the oPt (eighteen in the Gaza Strip and thirty-seven in the West Bank). SUBJECTS: A random sample of 1740 pregnant women. RESULTS: Overall anaemia prevalence was 38.6 % (95 % CI 36.3, 40.9 %). A substantial difference in anaemia prevalence was observed between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (44.9 % v. 31.1 %, respectively), as well as a significant increase in anaemia prevalence in the Gaza Strip compared with an Agency-wide survey conducted in 2004 (44.9 % v. 35.7 %, respectively). Anaemia prevalence was found to increase with age, parity and trimester of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia still appears to be a public health problem among pregnant women in spite of UNRWA interventions. The West Bank shows prevalence rates similar to those observed in neighbouring countries, while the Gaza Strip has higher rates. Prevalence rates of anaemia among pregnant Palestinian women are more than two times higher than those observed in Europe.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | ANEMIA | SERUM IRON LEVEL | Research Methodology | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342540

11.

Title: Combination antiretroviral therapy in population affected by conflict: outcomes from large cohort in northern Uganda.
Author: Kiboneka A; Nyatia RJ; Nabiryo C; Anema A; Cooper CL; Fernandes KA; Montaner JS; Mills EJ
Source: BMJ. 2009;338:b201.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the clinical and immunological outcomes of HIV positive adult patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in conflict affected northern Uganda. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Gulu District, northern Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: 1625 adults (aged over 14 years) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome: all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes: impact of covariates (sex, age, CD4 count at start, adherence, tuberculosis at start, duration of treatment, and internally displaced person status) on mortality. RESULTS: Sixty nine (4.2%) patients died during follow-up. The mortality incidence rate was 3.48 (95% confidence interval 2.66 to 4.31) per 100 person years. Patients started treatment with a median CD4 count of 157 (interquartile range 90-220) cells/mul; most (1009; 63%) had World Health Organization stage 2 defined illness. Sixty two patients had pulmonary tuberculosis at the start of treatment. Of the 1521 patients with adherence data, 118 (7.8%) had adherence of less than 95% and 1403 (92.2%) had adherence of 95% or above. CONCLUSION: Patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in conflict affected northern Uganda had a mortality comparable to that of patients in peaceful, low income settings and better adherence than patients in higher income settings. These favourable findings highlight the need to expand access to combination antiretroviral therapy in populations affected by armed conflict.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | WAR | MORTALITY | TREATMENT | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330593

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV infection among internally displaced women and women residing in river populations along the Congo River, Democratic Repubic of Congo.
Author: Kim AA; Malele F; Kaiser R; Mama N; Kinkela T
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Mar 25;:7 p.
Abstract: The author's conducted a reproductive health assessment among women aged 15-49 years residing in an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp and surrounding river populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo. After providing informed consent, participants were administered a behavioral questionnaire on demographics, sexual risk, reproductive health behavior, and a history of gender based violence. Participants provided a blood specimen for HIV and syphilis testing and were referred to HIV counseling and testing services established for this study to learn their HIV status. HIV prevalence was significantly higher among women in the IDP population compared to women in the river population. Sexually transmitted infection symptoms in the past 12 months and a history of sexual violence during the conflict were associated with HIV infection the river and IDP population, respectively. Targeted prevention, care, and treatment services are urgently needed for the IDP population and surrounding host communities during displacement and resettlement.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | WOMEN | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | WAR | HIV TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 341519

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The health worker shortage in Africa: are enough physicians and nurses being trained?
Author: Kinfu Y; Poz MR; Mercer H; Evans DB
Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009 Feb 10;87:225-230.
Abstract: Objective: To estimate systematically the inflow and outflow of health workers in Africa and examine whether current levels of pre-service training in the region suffice to address this serious problem, taking into account population increases and attrition of health workers due to premature death, retirement, resignation and dismissal. Methods: Data on the current numbers and types of health workers and outputs from training programmes are from the 2005 WHO health workforce and training institutions' surveys. Supplementary information on population estimates and mortality is from the United Nations Population Division and WHO databases, respectively, and information on worker attrition was obtained from the published literature. Because of shortages of data in some settings, the study was restricted to 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Findings: Our results suggest that the health workforce shortage in Africa is even more critical than previously estimated. In 10 of the 12 countries studied, current pre-service training is insufficient to maintain the existing density of health workers once all causes of attrition are taken into account. Even if attrition were limited to involuntary factors such as premature mortality, with current workforce training patterns it would take 36 years for physicians and 29 years for nurses and midwives to reach WHO's recent target of 2.28 professionals per 1000 population for the countries taken as a whole -and some countries would never reach it. Conclusion: Pre-service training needs to be expanded as well as combined with other measures to increase health worker inflow and reduce the rate of outflow.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PHYSICIANS | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH PERSONNEL | BRAIN DRAIN | RETIREMENT | DEATH | UNEMPLOYMENT | EMPLOYMENT | HUMAN RESOURCES | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | International Migration | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Employment Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Mortality | Macroeconomic Factors
Document Number: 340208

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: High fertility in city suburbs: compositional or contextual effects? La fecondite elevee dans les banlieues urbaines: effets de composition ou de contexte?
Author: Kulu H; Boyle PJ
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 May;25(2):157-174.
Abstract: Fertility rates are known to be higher in city suburbs. One interpretation is that the suburban 'context' influences the behaviour of individuals who reside there while an alternative is that the 'composition' of the suburban population explains the higher fertility levels. Furthermore, suburban in-migrants who intend to have children may have a significant influence on suburban fertility rates. Using Finnish longitudinal register data we show that fertility rates are higher in the suburbs and rural areas and lower in the cities. Fertility variation across these residential contexts decreases significantly after controlling for women's demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, it does not disappear entirely suggesting that the local context may have some influence on fertility. While movers to suburbs do display higher fertility levels than non-migrant residents, their overall impact is not great because they form a small share of the suburban population.
Language: English
Keywords:
FINLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | RESIDENTIAL SELECTION | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution
Document Number: 340173

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection among cross-border truck drivers in Hong Kong.
Author: Leung PH; Boost MV; Lau JT; Wong AT; Pang M; Ng TK; Tong ET
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Feb;85(1):27-29.
Abstract: Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for chlamydial infection in cross-border truck drivers. Methods: 225 Hong Kong-based cross-border truck drivers were screened for chlamydial infection. Associations between infection and potential risk factors were determined by questionnaire. Results: 8.5% of drivers were positive for chlamydial infection. Of 62% of drivers reporting recent sex with commercial sex workers (CSW), 39% had not used condoms. 75% of drivers with extramarital sex partners (ESP) also frequented CSW and 47% of this group had not used condoms with CSW. 43.3% PCR-positive cases reported symptoms. No risk factor was associated with chlamydial infection after adjustment, although "had sex with ESP" approached significance. Conclusions: The prevalence of chlamydial infection among cross-border truck drivers was not strikingly high, although drivers engaged in sex with both ESP and CSW, with many admitting unprotected intercourse. The findings highlight the importance of promoting safe sex to truck drivers.
Language: English
Keywords:
HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | TRUCK DRIVERS | SEX WORKERS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | BORDER CROSSING | CHLAMYDIA | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | SCREENING | EXTRAMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexual Partners | International Migration | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Measurement | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 340111

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive method switch and discontinuation among women migrants in Indonesia.
Author: Liew HP
Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15:267-276.
Abstract: Using the 2000 wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS3), this study attempts to examine the relationship between migration and contraceptive method switch and discontinuation in Indonesia. The major conclusion from the multinomial logistic regression is that repeated migrants are more likely than one-time migrants to discontinue use of the same method. However, the differentials in the likelihood of discontinuing use of the same method among women migrants is eliminated after controlling for the quality of health centre/family planning programme and the degree of infrastructure development in a community. The results of this study will contribute important foundational knowledge about the extent of contraceptive use dynamics by women of different migration experiences in Indonesia. This knowledge will provide guidance to policymakers to employ effective means to incorporate migration and issues that are sensitive to women migrants in their family planning and reproductive health programmes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | MIGRANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 328048

17.

Title: Assessment of Kenyan sexual networks: Collecting evidence for interventions to reduce HIV / STI risk in Garissa, North Eastern Province, and Eastleigh, Nairobi.
Author: Macintyre K; Eymoy HA; Hassan I; Adriance D; Nouga A
Source: Nairobi, Kenya, Pathfinder International, AIDS, Population and Health Integrated Assistance North Eastern Province [APHIA], [2009]. 7 p. (USAID Associate Cooperative Agreement No. 623-A-00-07-00023-00)
Abstract: It is clear from the data gathered in this assessment that HIV prevention messages have reached Garissa, but more must be done to clarify and refine these messages and improve knowledge and behaviors regarding risky sex. Though this sample should not be viewed as representative of the NEP population as a whole, these data can be used by APHIA II NEP to create a targeted, evidence-based prevention strategy. APHIA II NEP plans to work with partners to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices through a strategic behavior change campaign with the following objectives: targeting key populations, leveraging the endorsement and influence of religious leaders, projecting familiar social settings and "our face" in all communication materials, [and] intensifying school-based programs. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | SOMALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENTIALS | ISLAM | NOMADS | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | HIV TRANSMISSION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Religion | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 331344

18.

Title: The impact of cross-border reproductive care or 'fertility tourism' on NHS maternity services.
Author: McKelvey A; David A; Shenfield F; Jauniaux ER
Source: BJOG. 2009 Jul 15;
Abstract: Please cite this paper as: McKelvey A, David A, Shenfield F, Jauniaux E. The impact of cross-border reproductive care or 'fertility tourism' on NHS maternity services. BJOG 2009; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02294.x.High order multiple pregnancies have substantial morbidity and mortality. Fertility treatment is commonly responsible for their conception and is available globally with variable regulation. We investigated cross-border fertility treatment in these pregnancies in a UK fetal medicine unit, recording mode of conception, country of fertility treatment, reason for non-UK treatment and fetal reduction. Over an 11-year period, 109 women had a high order multiple pregnancy. Ninety-four women (86%) conceived with fertility treatment of whom 24 (26%) had this performed overseas. Cross-border fertility treatment poses an increasing challenge to obstetricians. National data on its occurrence is urgently needed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | LEGISLATION | BORDER CROSSING | PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE | EMBRYO TRANSFER | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | International Migration | Migration | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy
Document Number: 342292

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Advances in development reverse fertility declines.
Author: Myrskyla M; Kohler HP; Billari FC
Source: Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):741-3.
Abstract: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | FERTILITY DECLINE | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | POPULATION REPLACEMENT | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Decrease | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Migration
Document Number: 342781

20.
Title: Shortage of healthcare workers in developing countries--Africa.
Author: Naicker S; Plange-Rhule J; Tutt RC; Eastwood JB
Source: Ethnicity and Disease. 2009 Spring;19(1 Suppl 1):S1-60-4.
Abstract: The already inadequate health systems of Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, have been badly damaged by the migration of their health professionals. There are 57 countries with a critical shortage of healthcare workers, a deficit of 2.4 million doctors and nurses. Africa has 2.3 healthcare workers per 1000 population, compared with the Americas, which have 24.8 healthcare workers per 1000 population. Only 1.3% of the world's health workers care for people who experience 25% of the global disease burden. The consequences for some countries resulting from loss of health workers are increasingly recognized and are now being widely aired in the public media. The health services of a continent already facing daunting challenges to the delivery of minimum standards of health care are now also being potentially overwhelmed by HIV/AIDS. There is a need for concerted political will and funding support that will allow them to do what is necessary. It may well be asked why special measures should be necessary to influence the migration of health professionals rather than engineers or football players or any other category. The answer must surely be that no other category of worker is so essential to the well-being of the population of every nation.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | CRITIQUE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | BRAIN DRAIN | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | MIGRATION POLICY | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy
Document Number: 341994

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to Canadian immigrants: perceptions of healthcare providers.
Author: Newbold KB; Willinsky J
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):369-382.
Abstract: Cultural impacts on health experiences and behaviours are profound in the area of reproductive health and family planning. Explored through interviews with family planning healthcare professionals, this paper evaluates their experiences in providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to immigrants in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area of Ontario, Canada. Results reveal the complexity of delivering care to members of this group, particularly when dealing with language barriers, situations when professional and non-professional interpreters are used, and instances where healthcare professionals realize that they themselves have misconceptions and misunderstandings about other cultures. The paper concludes by discussing future research options and implications for the delivery of reproductive health family planning services to this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | PERCEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | LANGUAGE | BELIEFS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health | Communication | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 330417

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Penile oil injection, penile implantation and condom use among Myanmar migrant fishermen in Ranong, Thailand.
Author: Ohnmar -; Geater AF; Winn T; Chongsuvivatwong V
Source: Sexual Health. 2009 Aug;6(3):217-221.
Abstract: Background: The present study describes sexual risk behaviours including penile oil injection and implantation among migrant Myanmar fishermen in Thailand, and their determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 639 Myanmar fishermen in Ranong, Thailand was conducted in 1999 following in-depth interviews. Results: Prevalence of penile oil injection, penile implantation, and both practices were 48 (7.5%), 79 (12.4%) and nine (1.4%) respectively. Over one-third (38.6%) of those who had injected oil had various kinds of problems during sex. One-year period prevalence of sex with commercial sex workers (CSW) was higher in those with unusual practices than others (61.9% v. 22.8%, P < 0.0001). The condom use rate with CSW at all times was non-significantly lower among those with unusual practices (32.9%) than others (44.5%). From multivariate analysis, oil injections are associated with young age, low education, ethnicity, and longer stay in Thailand, whereas the duration of stay in Thailand is the only factor associated with the practice of penile implantation. Both oil injection (odds ratio 3.03, 95% confidence interval 1.39-6.60), and penile implantation (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.19-3.99) have independent predictive risk of having sex with CSW in addition to other factors (younger age, single, and Walat boat type). Conclusion: These exorbitant practices were common, associated with not using condoms and probably resulted from the working environment in Thailand. Further study is needed to reduce this risk behaviour.
Language: English
Keywords:
THAILAND | MYANMAR | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ETHNIC GROUPS | MIGRANTS | FISHING | SEX BEHAVIOR | GENITALIA, MALE | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | INTERVIEWS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Occupations | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Behavior | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Risk Reduction Behavior | Data Collection
Document Number: 342418

23.

Title: Reducing maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan.
Author: Purdin S; Khan T; Saucier R
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr;105(1):82-5.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The International Rescue Committee (IRC) strove to reduce maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Hangu district of Pakistan by improving access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC), community knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, and the use of health information. METHODS: IRC established EmOC centers, trained community members on safe motherhood, linked primary health care with education on danger signs of pregnancy and the importance of skilled attendance, and improved the health information system. RESULTS: The maternal mortality ratio among Afghan refugees in the area improved from 291 per 100000 live births in 2000 to 102 per 100000 live births in 2004. The proportion of refugee births attended by skilled staff increased from 5% in 1996 to 67% in 2007. Complete prenatal care coverage increased from 49% in 2000 to 90% in 2006, and postnatal coverage more than trebled from 27% in 2000 to 85% in 2006. CONCLUSION: Improved services, community involvement and education, good coordination, and effective systems succeeded in reducing maternal mortality in a traditionally conservative environment.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | MATERNAL MORTALITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EMERGENCY SERVICES | OBSTETRICS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Health | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Medicine | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341374

24.

Title: Condom use and knowledge among married women in rural areas of China.
Author: Qin Q; Ji G; Ye D
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May;105(2):175-6.
Abstract: According to 2007 statistics for temporary urban populations in China, there were 100,441,000 people who had migrated to cities from rural areas to find jobs, and 59% was male. Many migrant men move back and forth frequently, leaving their wives at home. Studies have shown that migrant men have high rates of unprotected sexual intercourse, including with women working in the commercial sex industry, are at a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, and do not notify their sexual partners of their extra-marital sexual experiences. When the men return home for busy agricultural seasons, holidays, or for other reasons, they may transmit STIs or HIV to their wives. Condoms have proven to be cost-effective for prevention and control of STIs and HIV. However, there is limited data on condom use and knowledge among married women in rural China whose husbands work away from home. To gain a better understanding of condom use and knowledge among this group of married women in rural China, a cross-sectional study was conducted in North Anhui, where the first HIV epidemic among plasma donors was reported in China. The present study found that many of the women did not know that condoms can prevent transmission of HIV or STIs and most had never used condoms within marriage. Potential reasons for not using condoms might be that the women were already using a contraceptive measure and did not think they need to protect themselves against STIs or HIV. This lack of knowledge and low level of use within marriage can put these women at high risk of infection. The present study underscores the need to promote condom use among married women whose husbands are migrant workers even if other contraceptive methods are being used, particularly in areas with high rates of HIV infection.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | CONDOM USE | KNOWLEDGE | LABOR MIGRATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 341379

25.

Title: Risk of sexual HIV transmission among wives left behind and wives of nonmigrant men in rural areas of China.
Author: Qin QR; Ji GP; Xu J; Jiang QC; Hong H; Chu XY; Chen R; Ye DQ
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses In AIDS Care. 2009 Jul-Aug;20(4):308-15.
Abstract: In rural areas of China where commercial plasma donation used to be common, little is known about sexual behaviors and condom use among wives left behind by migrating husbands and wives of nonmigrant men. This study investigated sexual behaviors and condom use among married women in rural areas of China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,873 participants recruited by a cluster-sampling method. Study results showed that wives left behind had a significantly lower mean frequency of sexual intercourse with their husbands in the previous month, a higher rate of multiple sexual partners, a higher rate of self-reported HIV infection, and a lower rate of condom use when compared with wives of nonmigrant men. Also, HIV-infected wives left behind who were infected by their husbands had multiple sex partners and did not use condoms consistently. This research provides additional insight that may be used to develop effective HIV prevention strategies in rural areas of China.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | CURRENTLY MARRIED | WOMEN | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | LABOR MIGRATION | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Migration | Population Dynamics | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Risk Reduction Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342813

26.

Title: Post-traumatic stress in Asylum seekers and refugees from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and West Africa: gender differences in symptomatology and coping.
Author: Renner W; Salem I
Source: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2009;55(2):99-108.
Abstract: Background: Internationally, a high number of refugees are in need of help as a consequence of post-traumatic stress or acculturation problems. Aims: The present study investigated the gender-specific requirements for such interventions taking clinical symptoms as well as coping strategies into account. Methods: Five psychometric instruments assessing anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, somatic symptoms, and social adaptation were administered and semi-structured interviews with n = 150 asylum seekers and refugees from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and West Africa were conducted. Results: On the level of total test scores, women reported significantly more somatic symptoms than men but there were no further gender differences. On the item level of the questionnaires as well as with respect to the categories obtained from the interview data, marked gender differences were found. Women, as compared to men, reported more somatic symptoms, emotional outbursts, and loss of sexual interest, while men reported detachment. For women, typical coping strategies were concentrating on their children and various indoor activities, while men preferred looking for work and socializing. Conclusion: Social psychiatric interventions should take gender-specific symptoms and coping strategies into account. For asylum seekers and refugees, same gender client-therapist dyads and groups are highly recommended.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFGHANISTAN | AFRICA, WESTERN | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | REFUGEES | STRESS | SEX FACTORS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Diseases
Document Number: 340213

27.

Title: Sexual trafficking in Nepal: constructing citizenship and livelihoods.
Author: Richardson D; Poudel M; Laurie N
Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2009 Jun;16(3):259-278.
Abstract: Sexual trafficking is a priority issue for many governments and has increasingly become a focus for debate within the academy. Despite this, many aspects of sexual trafficking remain poorly understood. In this article we focus on an area that has received scant attention in the literature: the situation of trafficked women when they return home and, specifically, the livelihood opportunities available to them as they experience differing notions of citizenship. In addition to the fact that there has been very little attempt to document poverty alleviation strategies post-trafficking, within the mainstream development literature little attention has also been given to questions of sexuality and how they relate to development and poverty reduction strategies. The aim of this article, therefore, is to seek to highlight a new research agenda and to develop an interdisciplinary framework to understand what we have termed 'the sexual politics of poverty'. Bringing together distinct literatures on sexual citizenship and sustainable livelihoods we develop our analysis of these themes through a focus on the livelihood opportunities and strategies of returnee trafficked women in South Asia, drawing on policy analysis at national and regional levels and qualitative research carried out in Nepal. In particular, the Nepal case study highlights problems with skills training for returnee women and examines the relationship between marriage and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | LIVELIHOOD | NATIONALITY | POVERTY | RETURN MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | STIGMA | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Domestic Violence
Document Number: 341981

28.

Title: Post-conflict mental health needs: a cross-sectional survey of trauma, depression, and associated factors in Juba, Southern Sudan.
Author: Roberts B; Damundu EY; Lomoro O; Sondorp E
Source: BioMed Central. 2009 Mar 4;9(7):1-10.
Abstract: Background: The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in January 2005 marked the end of the civil conflict in Sudan lasting over 20 years. The conflict was characterised by widespread violence and large-scale forced migration. Mental health is recognised as a key public health issue for conflict-affected populations. Studies revealed high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst populations from Southern Sudan during the conflict. However, no studies have been conducted on mental health in post-war Southern Sudan. The objective of this study was to measure PTSD and depression in the population in the town of Juba in Southern Sudan; and to investigate the association of demographic, displacement, and past and recent trauma exposure variables, on the outcomes of PTSD and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional, random cluster survey with a sample of 1242 adults (aged over 18 years) was conducted in November 2007 in the town of Juba, the capital of Southern Sudan. Levels of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (original version), and levels of depression measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of demographic, displacement and trauma exposure variables on the outcomes of PTSD and depression. Multivariate logistic regression was also conducted to investigate which demographic and displacement variables were associated with exposure to traumatic events. Results: Over one third (36%) of respondents met symptom criteria for PTSD and half (50%) of respondents met symptom criteria for depression. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed strong associations of gender, marital status, forced displacement, and trauma exposure with outcomes of PTSD and depression. Men, IDPs, and refugees and persons displaced more than once were all significantly more likely to have experienced eight or more traumatic events. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of high levels of mental distress in the population of Juba Town, and associated risk-factors. Comprehensive social and psychological assistance is urgently required in Juba.
Language: English
Keywords:
SUDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | ADULTS | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | REFUGEES | WAR | MENTAL HEALTH | NEEDS | STRESS | DEPRESSION | PREVALENCE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Migrants | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 340211

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The 'problem' of Asian women's sexuality: public discourses in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Author: Simon-Kumar R
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Jan;11(1):1-16.
Abstract: Public health research in New Zealand views Asian health - particularly, Asian women's sexual health issues - as a priority problem. In recent years, high rates of abortion and the growing incidence of unsafe sex among younger age Asian migrants have been publicized as a health concern. Public health research implicates migrant experiences and cultural factors as responsible for these trends. Loneliness and isolation among international students, inability to communicate effectively in English and lack of knowledge of available services are highlighted as reasons for the growing sexual ill-health in the Asian population in New Zealand. Extending from these, public health measures aim at improving culture-sensitive services, including targeted education. The present paper offers a critical commentary on these accepted public health perceptions that inform policy in New Zealand. It takes a Third World feminist approach to critique dominant public health discourses on Asian women's sexuality and questions the construction of knowledges about what are 'normal' and 'pathological' sexual practices. The paper revisits the data used to describe the 'problem' of Asian sexuality and argues that in order to understand sexual practices, it is important to query the cultural lenses that are used to describe and define them.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW ZEALAND | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | ASIANS | WOMEN | IMMIGRANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | ABORTION RATE | CULTURE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PUBLIC OPINION | FEMINISM | Oceania | Developed Countries | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Attitudes
Document Number: 341121


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