| 1. Title: HIV-infected African parents living in Stockholm, Sweden: disclosure and planning for their children's future. Author: Asander AS; Bjorkman A; Belfrage E; Faxelid E Source: Health and Social Work. 2009 May;34(2):107-15. Abstract: In Sweden, most HIV-infected parents are of African origin. The present study explored the frequency of HIV-infected African parents' disclosure of their status to their children and custody planning for their children's future to identify support needs among these families. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 47 parents (41 families). The study population included first-generation immigrants, with a total of 87 children less than 18 years of age. Only women had disclosed their HIV status, and only to eight of 59 children older than six. Half of the parents had talked to someone about future custody arrangements. These parents had more contact with a social worker at the social welfare office and with a medical social worker at the HIV clinic. Most parents (30) wanted their children to be cared for by a relative in Sweden or by their HIV-negative partner. Neither disclosure nor custody planning was associated with clinical status or antiretroviral treatment. This study highlights the low HIV-disclosure rate to children of HIV-infected African immigrant parents and the importance of support from social workers. Language: English Keywords: SWEDEN | AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IMMIGRANTS | CHILD CUSTODY | PLANNING | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developing Countries | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Communication | Data Collection | Research Methodology Document Number: 341675 |
2.  Title: Sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-1/2 in immigrant and non-immigrant female sex workers in Argentina. Author: Bautista CT; Pando MA; Reynaga E; Marone R; Sateren WB; Montano SM; Sanchez JL; Avila MM Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):99-104. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study socio-demographics, sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalences of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in immigrant (foreigner) and non-immigrant (local/native) female sex workers (FSW). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in immigrant and non-immigrant FSW living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 625 FSW were enrolled, of whom 169 (27%) were immigrant FSW from Paraguay, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C was significantly higher among Argentinean FSW than among immigrant FSW. However, hepatitis B prevalence was higher among immigrant FSW. Adjusted risk factor analysis comparing immigrant FSW with Argentinean FSW indicated that marital status (single), occupation (none), fee per sex act ( Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IMMIGRANTS | HEPATITIS | SYPHILIS | PREVALENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement Document Number: 331118 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth in Nairobi's informal settlements. Author: Bazant ES; Koening MA; Fotso JC; Mills S Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):39-50. Abstract: The private sector's role in increasing the use of maternal health care for the poor in developing countries has received increasing attention, yet few data exist for urban slums. Using household-survey data from 1,926 mothers in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, collected in 2006, we describe and examine the factors associated with women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth. More women gave birth at private facilities located in the settlements than at government facilities, and one-third of the women gave birth at home or with the assistance of a traditional birth attendant. In multivariate models, women's education, ethnic group, and household wealth were associated with institutional deliveries, especially in government hospitals. Residents in the more disadvantaged settlement were more likely than those in the better-off settlement to give birth in private facilities. In urban areas, maternal health services in both the government and private sectors should be strengthened, and efforts made to reach out to women who give birth at home. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | HOUSEHOLDS | CHILDBIRTH | REFUGEE CAMPS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PRIVATE SECTOR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HEALTH FACILITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health Services | Macroeconomic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341077 |
| 4. Title: Knowledge of HIV risk factors among immigrants in Thailand. Author: Fuller TD; Chamratrithirong A Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):83-91. Abstract: This study is based on a sample of 3,374 immigrants from Cambodia and Myanmar who worked in 17 different provinces in Thailand. Many immigrants workers had not even heard of HIV/AIDS before coming to Thailand, but most have received instruction about HIV/AIDS from some source in Thailand, and a large majority are now aware of HIV/AIDS. While immigrant workers in Thailand are fairly knowledgeable about the risk factors for HIV transmission, important gaps remain. Women, persons with less than five years of education, seafarers, agricultural workers, those who do not personally know anyone affected by HIV/AIDS, and those who have not yet received instruction in HIV/AIDS are the ones most likely to have gaps in their knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk factors. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | KNOWLEDGE | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INFORMATION SOURCES | SEX FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Information | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Education Document Number: 331116 |
| 5. Title: Domestic violence against women during pregnancy: the case of Palestinian refugees attending an antenatal clinic in Lebanon. Author: Hammoury N; Khawaja M; Mahfoud Z; Afifi RA; Madi H Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Mar;18(3):337-45. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant Palestinian refugee women residing in Lebanon and currently using the United Nation Relief and Work Agency's (UNRWA) primary healthcare services. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a polyclinic of primary healthcare of the UNRWA in South Lebanon during the years 2005-2006. The sample was 351 pregnant women who were 15-42 years of age and not accompanied by their husbands or relatives. All women were invited by the midwife to participate in the study during their visit to the clinic for their first checkup or during a follow-up visit. The Abuse Assessment Screen instrument was used to screen for past and recent history of physical and emotional abuse among the participants. RESULTS: Domestic violence was significantly associated with education, gestational age, fear of husband or someone else in the house, and unintended pregnancy. The odds of abuse for women with an elementary or lower education were 6.86 (95% CI 1.2-38.1) and for women with an intermediate or secondary education 6.84 (95% CI 1.4-33.3) compared with women with a university education. The odds of abuse during pregnancy for women whose husbands did not desire their pregnancy were 3.80 (95% CI 1.5-9.7) compared with other women. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence against women in Lebanon was associated with educational level, gestational age, fear of husband or someone else in the house, and unintended pregnancy. Language: English Keywords: LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | ANTENATAL CARE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PHYSICAL ABUSE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | FEAR | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Middle East | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Violence | Behavior | Diseases | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility Document Number: 341353 |
| 6. Title: HIV behavioural surveillance among refugees and surrounding host communities in Uganda, 2006. Author: Harrison KM; Claass J; Spiegel PB; Bamuturaki J; Patterson N; Muyonga M; Tatwebwa L Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):29-41. Abstract: We used a standardised behavioural surveillance survey (BSS), modified to be directly relevant to populations in conflict and post-conflict settings as well as to their surrounding host populations, to survey the populations of a refugee settlement in south-western Uganda and its surrounding area. Two-stage probability sampling was used to conduct 800 interviews in each population. The BSS questionnaire adapted for displaced populations was administered to adults aged 15-59 years. It collected information on HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices; issues before, during and after displacement; level of interaction and sexual exploitation among the refugees and host communities (i.e., nationals). Population parameters were compared and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for core HIV indicators. The demographic characteristics were similar (except for educational achievement), and HIV awareness was very high (>95%) in both populations. The refugees reported more-accepting attitudes towards persons with HIV than did nationals (19% versus 13%; p < 0.01). More refugees than nationals reported ever having had transactional sex (10% versus 6%; p < 0.01), which mostly occurred post-displacement. Five percent of females among both the refugees and nationals reported experiencing forced sex, which mostly occurred post-displacement and after the arrival of refugees, respectively. Nationals reported more frequent travel to refugee settlements than reported by refugees to national villages (22% versus 11%; p < 0.01). The high mobility and frequent interactions of these two populations suggest that integrated HIV programmes should be developed and would be an efficient use of resources. Evidence suggesting that female refugees may be at elevated risk for HIV infection, due to forced sex, transactional sex and other vulnerabilities, warrants further examination through qualitative research. The findings indicate a need for additional, focused HIV-prevention programmes, such as youth education, for both refugees and Ugandan nationals. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | REFUGEE CAMPS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | REFUGEES | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341285 |
| 7. Title: Anaemia among pregnant Palestinian women in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Author: Khader A; Madi H; Riccardo F; Sabatinelli G Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2009 Aug 14;:1-5. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess anaemia prevalence and correlated social and biological determinants among pregnant women in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (oPt). DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey conducted among pregnant women attending/accessing UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) health centres in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in September and October 2006. SETTING: Fifty-five UNRWA health centres in the oPt (eighteen in the Gaza Strip and thirty-seven in the West Bank). SUBJECTS: A random sample of 1740 pregnant women. RESULTS: Overall anaemia prevalence was 38.6 % (95 % CI 36.3, 40.9 %). A substantial difference in anaemia prevalence was observed between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (44.9 % v. 31.1 %, respectively), as well as a significant increase in anaemia prevalence in the Gaza Strip compared with an Agency-wide survey conducted in 2004 (44.9 % v. 35.7 %, respectively). Anaemia prevalence was found to increase with age, parity and trimester of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: Anaemia still appears to be a public health problem among pregnant women in spite of UNRWA interventions. The West Bank shows prevalence rates similar to those observed in neighbouring countries, while the Gaza Strip has higher rates. Prevalence rates of anaemia among pregnant Palestinian women are more than two times higher than those observed in Europe. Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | ANEMIA | SERUM IRON LEVEL | Research Methodology | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 342540 |
8.  Title: Assessment of Kenyan sexual networks: Collecting evidence for interventions to reduce HIV / STI risk in Garissa, North Eastern Province, and Eastleigh, Nairobi. Author: Macintyre K; Eymoy HA; Hassan I; Adriance D; Nouga A Source: Nairobi, Kenya, Pathfinder International, AIDS, Population and Health Integrated Assistance North Eastern Province [APHIA], [2009]. 7 p. (USAID Associate Cooperative Agreement No. 623-A-00-07-00023-00) Abstract: It is clear from the data gathered in this assessment that HIV prevention messages have reached Garissa, but more must be done to clarify and refine these messages and improve knowledge and behaviors regarding risky sex. Though this sample should not be viewed as representative of the NEP population as a whole, these data can be used by APHIA II NEP to create a targeted, evidence-based prevention strategy. APHIA II NEP plans to work with partners to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices through a strategic behavior change campaign with the following objectives: targeting key populations, leveraging the endorsement and influence of religious leaders, projecting familiar social settings and "our face" in all communication materials, [and] intensifying school-based programs. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SOMALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ETHNIC GROUPS | INFLUENTIALS | ISLAM | NOMADS | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | HIV TRANSMISSION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Religion | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 331344 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to Canadian immigrants: perceptions of healthcare providers. Author: Newbold KB; Willinsky J Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):369-382. Abstract: Cultural impacts on health experiences and behaviours are profound in the area of reproductive health and family planning. Explored through interviews with family planning healthcare professionals, this paper evaluates their experiences in providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to immigrants in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area of Ontario, Canada. Results reveal the complexity of delivering care to members of this group, particularly when dealing with language barriers, situations when professional and non-professional interpreters are used, and instances where healthcare professionals realize that they themselves have misconceptions and misunderstandings about other cultures. The paper concludes by discussing future research options and implications for the delivery of reproductive health family planning services to this population. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | PERCEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | LANGUAGE | BELIEFS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health | Communication | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 330417 |
| 10. Title: Reducing maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Author: Purdin S; Khan T; Saucier R Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr;105(1):82-5. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The International Rescue Committee (IRC) strove to reduce maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Hangu district of Pakistan by improving access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC), community knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, and the use of health information. METHODS: IRC established EmOC centers, trained community members on safe motherhood, linked primary health care with education on danger signs of pregnancy and the importance of skilled attendance, and improved the health information system. RESULTS: The maternal mortality ratio among Afghan refugees in the area improved from 291 per 100000 live births in 2000 to 102 per 100000 live births in 2004. The proportion of refugee births attended by skilled staff increased from 5% in 1996 to 67% in 2007. Complete prenatal care coverage increased from 49% in 2000 to 90% in 2006, and postnatal coverage more than trebled from 27% in 2000 to 85% in 2006. CONCLUSION: Improved services, community involvement and education, good coordination, and effective systems succeeded in reducing maternal mortality in a traditionally conservative environment. Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | MATERNAL MORTALITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EMERGENCY SERVICES | OBSTETRICS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Health | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Medicine | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341374 |
| 11. Title: Post-traumatic stress in Asylum seekers and refugees from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and West Africa: gender differences in symptomatology and coping. Author: Renner W; Salem I Source: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2009;55(2):99-108. Abstract: Background: Internationally, a high number of refugees are in need of help as a consequence of post-traumatic stress or acculturation problems. Aims: The present study investigated the gender-specific requirements for such interventions taking clinical symptoms as well as coping strategies into account. Methods: Five psychometric instruments assessing anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, somatic symptoms, and social adaptation were administered and semi-structured interviews with n = 150 asylum seekers and refugees from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and West Africa were conducted. Results: On the level of total test scores, women reported significantly more somatic symptoms than men but there were no further gender differences. On the item level of the questionnaires as well as with respect to the categories obtained from the interview data, marked gender differences were found. Women, as compared to men, reported more somatic symptoms, emotional outbursts, and loss of sexual interest, while men reported detachment. For women, typical coping strategies were concentrating on their children and various indoor activities, while men preferred looking for work and socializing. Conclusion: Social psychiatric interventions should take gender-specific symptoms and coping strategies into account. For asylum seekers and refugees, same gender client-therapist dyads and groups are highly recommended. Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | AFRICA, WESTERN | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | REFUGEES | STRESS | SEX FACTORS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Diseases Document Number: 340213 |
| 12. Title: Post-conflict mental health needs: a cross-sectional survey of trauma, depression, and associated factors in Juba, Southern Sudan. Author: Roberts B; Damundu EY; Lomoro O; Sondorp E Source: BioMed Central. 2009 Mar 4;9(7):1-10. Abstract: Background: The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in January 2005 marked the end of the civil conflict in Sudan lasting over 20 years. The conflict was characterised by widespread violence and large-scale forced migration. Mental health is recognised as a key public health issue for conflict-affected populations. Studies revealed high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) amongst populations from Southern Sudan during the conflict. However, no studies have been conducted on mental health in post-war Southern Sudan. The objective of this study was to measure PTSD and depression in the population in the town of Juba in Southern Sudan; and to investigate the association of demographic, displacement, and past and recent trauma exposure variables, on the outcomes of PTSD and depression. Methods: A cross-sectional, random cluster survey with a sample of 1242 adults (aged over 18 years) was conducted in November 2007 in the town of Juba, the capital of Southern Sudan. Levels of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (original version), and levels of depression measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of demographic, displacement and trauma exposure variables on the outcomes of PTSD and depression. Multivariate logistic regression was also conducted to investigate which demographic and displacement variables were associated with exposure to traumatic events. Results: Over one third (36%) of respondents met symptom criteria for PTSD and half (50%) of respondents met symptom criteria for depression. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed strong associations of gender, marital status, forced displacement, and trauma exposure with outcomes of PTSD and depression. Men, IDPs, and refugees and persons displaced more than once were all significantly more likely to have experienced eight or more traumatic events. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of high levels of mental distress in the population of Juba Town, and associated risk-factors. Comprehensive social and psychological assistance is urgently required in Juba. Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | ADULTS | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | REFUGEES | WAR | MENTAL HEALTH | NEEDS | STRESS | DEPRESSION | PREVALENCE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Migrants | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Measurement Document Number: 340211 |
| 13. Title: [Female circumcision--a new issue for gynecologists practicing in the E.U. countries?] Obrzezanie kobiet--nowy problem w praktyce lekarza ginekologa w krajach Unii Author: Rogowska-Szadkowska D; Niemiec T Source: Ginekologia Polska. 2009 Feb;80(2):118-23. Abstract: An increasing number of immigrants from countries practicing female genital mutilation (FGM) has begun to concern Europe as well. The aim of this article is to present recent medical data about FGM which, in the age of globalisation and migration of people, may become essential for gynaecologists working in Poland, but also those practising abroad. Language: Polish Keywords: POLAND | EUROPE | IMMIGRANTS | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | COUNSELING | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | WOMEN | HEALTH SERVICES | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Developed Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Harmful Traditional Practices | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors Document Number: 331279 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: The 'problem' of Asian women's sexuality: public discourses in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Author: Simon-Kumar R Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Jan;11(1):1-16. Abstract: Public health research in New Zealand views Asian health - particularly, Asian women's sexual health issues - as a priority problem. In recent years, high rates of abortion and the growing incidence of unsafe sex among younger age Asian migrants have been publicized as a health concern. Public health research implicates migrant experiences and cultural factors as responsible for these trends. Loneliness and isolation among international students, inability to communicate effectively in English and lack of knowledge of available services are highlighted as reasons for the growing sexual ill-health in the Asian population in New Zealand. Extending from these, public health measures aim at improving culture-sensitive services, including targeted education. The present paper offers a critical commentary on these accepted public health perceptions that inform policy in New Zealand. It takes a Third World feminist approach to critique dominant public health discourses on Asian women's sexuality and questions the construction of knowledges about what are 'normal' and 'pathological' sexual practices. The paper revisits the data used to describe the 'problem' of Asian sexuality and argues that in order to understand sexual practices, it is important to query the cultural lenses that are used to describe and define them. Language: English Keywords: NEW ZEALAND | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | ASIANS | WOMEN | IMMIGRANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | ABORTION RATE | CULTURE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PUBLIC OPINION | FEMINISM | Oceania | Developed Countries | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Attitudes Document Number: 341121 |
| 15. Title: Towards an EU-wide regularisation scheme. Author: Strang A Source: Forced Migration Review. 2009 Apr;(32):63-64. Abstract: The RU immigration framework is presently based on the idea that there are two types of irregular migrants: persecuted refugees (legal) and economic immigrants (illegal). This presumption informs a policy that aggravates stigmatisation and criminalisation of refugees and migrants alike. In reality, both 'types' of migrants usually originate from countries characterised by chronic poverty, violent conflict, political instability and socio-economic deprivation which generate both refugee-producing conditions as well as other modes of (de facto) forced migration to places of greater political and economic stability. The author presents an argument for regularization and suggests policy improvements to adminster labour migration. Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | MIGRATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | MIGRATION POLICY | INEQUALITIES | Developed Countries | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 340192 |
| 16. Title: Evaluating integrated healthcare for refugees and hosts in an African context. Author: Tuepker A; Chi C Source: Health Economics Policy and Law. 2009;4:159-178. Abstract: This paper argues on ethical and practical grounds for more widespread use of an integrated approach to refugee healthcare, and proposes a basic model of assessment for integrated systems. A defining element of an integrated approach is an equal ability by refugee and host nationals to access the same healthcare resources from the same providers. This differs fundamentally from parallel care, currently the predominant practice in Africa. The authors put forward a general model for evaluation of integrated healthcare with four criteria: (1) improved health outcomes for both hosts and refugees, (2) increased social integration, (3) increased equitable use of healthcare resources, and (4) no undermining of protection. Historical examples of integrated care in Ethiopia and Uganda are examined in light of these criteria to illustrate how this evaluative model would generate evidence currently lacking in debates on the merit of integrated healthcare. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | CASE STUDIES | REFUGEES | HEALTH SERVICES | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | IMPLEMENTATION | INEQUALITIES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM EVALUATION | HEALTH POLICY | UNHCR | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 340217 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Political insanity. Mad leadership [editorial] Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 Jul;98(7):489. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | IMMIGRANTS | MEDICINAL PLANTS | AIDS PREVENTION | POLITICAL FACTORS | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | VIOLENCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Social Problems | Behavior Document Number: 328512 |
| 18. Title: Inter-agency reproductive health kits for crisis situations. Manual. 4th ed. Author: Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations Source: New York, Inter-Agency Working Group (IAWG) on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations, 2008 Jan. 44 p. Abstract: This manual was produced for the effective use of the IAWG Reproductive Heath (RH) Kits.The RH Kits are a set of specially designed pre-packaged kits containing the essential drugs, equipment and supplies necessary to provide appropriate RH services in the early phase of emergency and refugee situations. They are complementary to the Interagency Emergency Health Kit 2006 (see below) and are necessary for the implementation of the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for RH (see entry for MISP). In addition to providing the MISP, this edition recognises the importance of initiating complementary RH services, including the provision of contraceptives in order to respond to the demands of women with prior experience with contraceptives, and the provision of antibiotics to treat people who present with symptoms of sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is hoped that these items will be considered part of the MISP itself. It would also be good if the manual would recommend that the assessment, which is a prerequisite for ordering the kits, be made participatory and involve communities (including women, young people and people of diverse sexualities) affected by the emergency. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | REFUGEES | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | EMERGENCY SERVICES | DRUGS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Health | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 312339 |
| 19. Title: Saving women's lives in refugee and other crisis situations. Manual vacuum aspiration. Author: Ipas Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Ipas, 2008. 4 p. Abstract: The United Nations Population Fund estimates that 25-50 percent of maternal deaths in refugee settings are attributable to unsafe abortions. Making pregnancy safer includes timely and appropriate management of unsafe and spontaneous abortion for all women, and the provision of or referral for safe abortion services to the full extent allowed by law. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) has been used worldwide for more than three decades, enabling millions of women in developed and developing countries to undergo safe and effective uterine evacuation for treatment of incomplete abortion and first-trimester abortion, as well as endometrial biopsy. This brochure highlights how MVA is an important part of safe, effective abortion and postabortion care in conflict settings. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | WOMEN | REFUGEES | ABORTION | SAFETY | POSTABORTION CARE | WHO | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | WAR | NATURAL DISASTERS | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Public Health | Health | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Training Programs | Education | Environment Document Number: 342498 Notification |
| 20. Title: HIV and AIDS education in emergencies. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2008. [2] p. (Advocacy Briefing NoteED/UNP/HIV/2008/IATT-ABN3) Abstract: The relationship between HIV and AIDS and humanitarian crisis is complex: conflict increases vulnerability, especially among women and children, as sexual violence increases (e.g. through the use of rape as a weapon of war), and social networks and institutions that usually provide support and regulate behavior break down. At the same time, there is evidence that in some situations, instability can also play a "protective" role vis-a-vis HIV infection, by limiting population mobility to high prevalence areas (often urban) and isolating communities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | REFUGEES | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DISASTER RELIEF | HIV PREVENTION | WAR | RAPE | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | BORDER CROSSING | ADVOCACY | SEX EDUCATION | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | International Migration | Communication | Education Document Number: 326776 |
| 21. Title: HIV interventions for young people in humanitarian emergencies. Author: UNAIDS. Inter-Agency Task Team on HIV and Young People Source: New York, New York, United Nations Population Fund, HIV/AIDS Branch, [2008]. 8 p. (Guidance Brief) Abstract: This Brief has been developed by the Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on HIV and Young People1 to assist United Nations Country Teams (UNCT) and UN Theme Groups on HIV/AIDS in providing guidance to their staffs, governments, development partners, civil society and other implementing partners on effective HIV interventions for young people in humanitarian emergencies. It is part of a series of seven global Guidance Briefs that focus on HIV prevention, treatment, care and support interventions for young people that can be delivered through different settings and for a range of target groups. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | YOUTH | POLICYMAKERS | REFUGEES | UNAIDS | HIV PREVENTION | RISK FACTORS | VIOLENCE | WAR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HUMAN RIGHTS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | SEX EDUCATION | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology | Behavior | Programs | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Education Document Number: 329553 |
| 22. Title: Through the eyes of a child: Refugee children speak about violence. A report on participatory assessments carried out with refugee and returnee children in Southern Africa, 2005-2007. Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR] Source: [Geneva, Switzerland], UNHCR, [2008]. 26 p. Abstract: Children living as refugees and returnees in eight sub-Saharan Africa locations are suffering not only due to their refugee and returnee status, but also other factors over which they have no control: hostility and violence from local people (arising largely from competition over scarce resources and services), and pervasive sexual and gender-based violence. Children encounter violence and sexual assault in schools, communities and homes. Yet these problems are rarely acknowledged and the voices of young refugees are rarely heard. Between 2005 and 2007 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) carried out a series of groundbreaking Participatory Assessments (PAs) with children living in refugee and returnee situations in Southern Africa to discover: how children are being treated, how they perceive the violence with which they are often faced, how they cope, and what suggestions they have for improving their situation. The holding of such assessments forms part of UNHCR's strategy for Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming (AGDM), the overall aim of which is to promote gender equality and the rights of all refugees. The information gathered during the assessments served as the basis for Action Plans designed to address the various issues raised. Moreover, through this participatory methodology, UNHCR sought to give refugee and returnee children a voice in defining and resolving their problems, and to ensure that their voice was heard by adults. Thus an important outcome of the PAs was that the attention of UNHCR and partner staff, as well as parents and caregivers, was drawn to the needs and rights of children and their obligation to fulfil them. This process was empowering for the young people -who are generally among the world's most disempowered -and is contributing to redressing some of their concerns as Action Plans are implemented. Language: English Keywords: ANGOLA | BOTSWANA | MALAWI | MOZAMBIQUE | NAMIBIA | SOUTH AFRICA | ZAMBIA | ZIMBABWE | REFUGEES | CHILDREN | VIOLENCE | SEXUAL ABUSE | WORKSHOPS | PARTICIPATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Social Behavior Document Number: 327740 |
| 23. Title: UNHCR handbook for the protection of women and girls. Author: United Nations. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR]. Division of International Protection Services Source: Geneva, Switzerland, UNHCR, Division of International Protection Services, 2008 Jan. [410] p. Abstract: The primary purpose of the Handbook is to help UNHCR staff fulfill their responsibilities to protect these women and girls more effectively. It is therefore intended for representatives, other managers, protection staff in the field and at headquarters, registration officers, eligibility officers, community services staff, field officers, and others. Protection partners will find it a useful source of information and guidance. The Handbook is intended to be used in situations of asylum, internal displacement, return, integration, and statelessness. It is equally applicable in urban and rural contexts. The objectives of the Handbook are to: improve understanding among UNHCR staff and partners of the challenges and barriers women and girls of concern confront in accessing and enjoying their rights during displacement, return, and (re)integration; ensure all UNHCR staff are familiar with the international legal standards forming the normative framework for our work to protect women and girls; ensure all UNHCR staff understand their responsibilities for the protection of women and girls; improve knowledge of how discrimination against women and girls can lead to statelessness and what initiatives can be taken to prevent and reduce cases of statelessness; provide guidance on ways of working and types of activities that can be carried out to fulfill our responsibilities; and refer staff to additional resources, guidelines, and tools that may be used to enhance the protection of women and girls. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILD, FEMALE | REFUGEES | UNHCR | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | RISK FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | WAR | RAPE | WOMEN'S HEALTH | TREATIES | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Rights | Biology | Programs | Organization and Administration | Crime | Social Problems | Health Document Number: 325467 |
| 24. Title: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies among Bhutanese refugee children - Nepal, 2007. Author: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 Apr 11;57(14):370-373. Abstract: Acute and chronic malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies have been found in refugee camp populations. In southeastern Nepal, despite consistent access by refugees to general rations, certain micronutrient deficiencies have posed a substantial health burden to the approximately 100,000 Bhutanese residing in seven refugee camps. Limited food diversity, frequent illness, and poor feeding practices have been cited as underlying causes of poor nutritional status in this population. Annual surveys to assess levels of acute malnutrition (i.e., wasting) and chronic malnutrition (i.e., stunting) have been conducted in these camps by the Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); however, the capacity to reliably evaluate micronutrient deficiencies has not existed locally in the camps. In January 2007, AMDA and CDC, at the request of UNHCR and the World Food Programme (WFP), conducted a nutritional survey of children aged 6-59 months, assessing 1) the prevalence of acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition, underweight, anemia, and angular stomatitis (i.e., riboflavin deficiency); 2) the cumulative incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory illness (ARI); and 3) the feeding practices of the children's mothers. This report describes the results of that survey, which indicated that, although acute malnutrition was found in only 4.2% of the children, chronic malnutrition was found in 26.9% and anemia in 43.3%. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring both malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies and addressing the underlying causes of nutritional deficits. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | CHILDREN | MALNUTRITION | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | DEFICIENCY DISEASES | AGE FACTORS | ANEMIA | DIARRHEA | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Population Characteristics | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 325986 |
| 25. Title: Supporting highly vulnerable children: progress, promise and partnership. Second annual report to Congress, December 2008. Author: United States. Special Advisor for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Source: Washington, D.C., United States Agency for International Development [USAID], 2008 Dec. [47] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACM-265) Abstract: This report summarizes activities that U.S. Government agencies are undertaking together to improve programming for highly vulnerable children around the world. Key agencies implementing these programs include the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Health and Human Services, Labor, State, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Peace Corps. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | YOUTH | WAR | NATURAL DISASTERS | REFUGEES | POVERTY | VIOLENCE | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Environment | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Government Agencies | Organizations | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341214 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Nonlinear pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis among migrants at entry in Kuwait: 1997-2006. Author: Akhtar S; Mohammad HG Source: BMC Public Health. 2008;8:264. Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of published data on the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis among migrant workers entering Middle Eastern countries particularly Kuwait. The objectives of this study were to use routine health surveillance data i) to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among migrant workers at entry in Kuwait and ii) to determine the occurrence of any time trends in the proportions of pulmonary tuberculosis positive workers over the study period. METHODS: The monthly aggregates of daily number of migrants tested and the number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases detected during routine health examinations of migrant workers from tuberculosis high-prevalence countries were used to generate the monthly series of proportions (per 100,000) of pulmonary tuberculosis cases over 120 months between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2006 and analysed using time series methods. RESULTS: The overall prevalence (per 100,000) of documented pulmonary tuberculosis cases among screened migrants was 198 (4608/2328582). Year-specific prevalence (per 100,000) of tuberculosis cases consistently declined from 456 (95% CI: 424-490) in 1997 to 124 (95% CI: 110-140) in 2002 before showing a steady increase up to 183 (95% CI: 169-197) in 2006. The second-order polynomial regression model revealed significant (P < 0.001) initial decline, followed by a significant (P < 0.001) increasing trend thereafter in monthly proportions of tuberculosis cases among migrant workers. CONCLUSION: The proportions of documented tuberculosis cases among migrant workers showed a significant nonlinear pattern, with an initial decline followed by a significant increasing trend towards the end of the study period. These findings underscore the need to maintain the current policy of migrants' screening for tuberculosis at entry. The public health authorities in Kuwait and perhaps other countries in the region may consider complementing the current screening protocol with interferon-gamma assays to detect migrants with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. An appropriate curative or preventive chemotherapy of detected tuberculosis cases may help in further minimizing the risk of local transmission of M. tuberculosis, while contributing in global efforts to control this public health menace. Language: English Keywords: KUWAIT | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | IMMIGRANTS | MIGRANT WORKERS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | BORDER CROSSING | TUBERCULOSIS | ORIGIN | TIME FACTORS | SCREENING | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Middle East | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Infections | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 328551 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Seasonality in pulmonary tuberculosis among migrant workers entering Kuwait. Author: Akhtar S; Mohammad HG Source: BMC Infectious Diseases. 2008 Jan 7;8:3. Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is paucity of data on seasonal variation in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries contrary to recognized seasonality in the TB notification in western societies. This study examined the seasonal pattern in TB diagnosis among migrant workers from developing countries entering Kuwait. METHODS: Monthly aggregates of TB diagnosis results for consecutive migrants tested between January I, 1997 and December 31, 2006 were analyzed. We assessed the amplitude (alpha) of the sinusoidal oscillation and the time at which maximum (theta degrees ) TB cases were detected using Edwards' test. The adequacy of the hypothesized sinusoidal curve was assessed by chi2 goodness-of-fit test. RESULTS: During the 10 year study period, the proportion (per 100,000) of pulmonary TB cases among the migrants was 198 (4608/2328582), (95% confidence interval: 192 - 204). The adjusted mean monthly number of pulmonary TB cases was 384. Based on the observed seasonal pattern in the data, the maximum number of TB cases was expected during the last week of April (theta degrees = 112 degrees ; P < 0.001). The amplitude (+/- se) (alpha = 0.204 +/- 0.04) of simple harmonic curve showed 20.4% difference from the mean to maximum TB cases. The peak to low ratio of adjusted number of TB cases was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.39 - 1.65). The chi2 goodness-of-test revealed that there was no significant (P > 0.1) departure of observed frequencies from the fitted simple harmonic curve. Seasonal component explained 55% of the total variation in the proportions of TB cases (100,000) among the migrants. CONCLUSION: This regularity of peak seasonality in TB case detection may prove useful to institute measures that warrant a better attendance of migrants. Public health authorities may consider re-allocation of resources in the period of peak seasonality to minimize the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to close contacts in this and comparable settings in the region having similar influx of immigrants from high TB burden countries. Epidemiological surveillance for the TB risk in the migrants in subsequent years and required chemotherapy of detected cases may contribute in global efforts to control this public health menace. Language: English Keywords: KUWAIT | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | IMMIGRANTS | WORKERS | TUBERCULOSIS | SEASONAL VARIATION | PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Studies | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Infections | Diseases | Measurement Document Number: 325749 |
| 28. Title: HIV risk behaviors of Latin American and Caribbean men who have sex with men in Miami, Florida, USA. Author: Akin M; Fernandez MI; Bowen GS; Warren JC Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2008 May 20;23(5):341-348. Abstract: The goal of this study is to describe the sexual practices, drug use behaviors, psychosocial factors, and predictors of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in a sample of Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) born in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries who currently reside in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Hispanic MSM (N = 566) recruited from community and Internet venues completed a computer-assisted self-interview assessing sociodemographic factors, drug use, sexual behaviors, and psychosocial factors. We focused on the 470 men who were born in LAC countries, including Puerto Rico. We first examined separately, by country of origin, the sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and psychosocial factors of the sample. We then collapsed the groups and examined the factors associated with UAI in the previous 6 months for the entire sample of Hispanic MSM from LAC countries. In the previous 6 months, 44% of the sample engaged in UAI, and 41% used club drugs. At the multivariate level, psychological distress, higher number of sexual partners, club drug use, HIV-positive status at the time of immigration, and greater orientation to American culture were significantly associated with UAI in the previous 6 months. Many MSM born in LAC countries engage in HIV-related risk behaviors in the AIDS epicenter of Miami-Dade County, Florida. Culturally appropriate interventions should address these risk behaviors in this underserved population. (author's) Language: English Keywords: FLORIDA | CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HISPANICS | IMMIGRANTS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | URBAN POPULATION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | STRESS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Ethnic Groups | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Sexual Partners | Psychological Factors Document Number: 326968 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Access to reproductive health services among immigrants and refugees in Botswana. Author: Ama NO; Oucho JO Source: Journal of Family Welfare. 2008 Jun;54(1):47-61. Abstract: This study examined the extent of access to reproductive health services by immigrants and refugees in Botswana against the recognition of the fact that access to reproductive health services, including contraception as well as care in pregnancy and childbirth can lead to: (i) reduction in a woman's exposure to fatal obstetric complications; (ii) reduction in the incidence of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases; (iii) empowerment of women to make informed choices and decisions that affect their lives; and (iv) it portends dangerous circumstances for Botswana when a resident in the country, in this study immigrants and refugees, fail to access these services. The findings of the study confirm that while immigrants are aware of the availability of most reproductive health services in the Botswana health care system, the refugees are only aware of services in antenatal care, normal delivery, treatment of STDs, AIDS counseling and HIV testing and programme on contraceptive availability. This finding is in contrast to those of Purdin et al, that a wide range of refugee and conflict-affected sites provide reproductive health services. Surprisingly too, IEC programme on human sexuality is hardly available to the immigrants and refugees. Unlike the majority of immigrants, refugees fled their home country due to unbearable sociopolitical circumstances and are more vulnerable to circumstances in Botswana about which they can do little to redress; they need information on reproductive health services available in the health care system in Botswana through an lEC programme that is tailored to their needs. Language: English Keywords: BOTSWANA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | REFUGEES | MIGRANT WORKERS | HEALTH SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | IEC | INFORMATION | EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation Document Number: 340185 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Estimating the relative success of local authorities at labour-market integration of immigrants. Author: Andersen SH; Heinesen E Source: European Journal of Population. 2008 Mar;24(1):59-86. Abstract: We propose a method for estimating indicators of the success of local authorities at integrating immigrants in the labour-market. The proportion of time in employment of individuals is used to measure labour-market integration, and we correct for differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets using a two-limit Tobit model. This method is applied to a large administrative micro dataset which contains information on all immigrants in Denmark. We compare the estimated indicators of integration to corresponding uncorrected measures, and conclude that the corrections have a significant effect on the ranking of local authorities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DENMARK | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | IMMIGRANTS | GOVERNMENT | LABOR FORCE | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | ACCULTURATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Change Document Number: 325285 |
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