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Title: Advice columns in South African print publications.
Author: Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication
Source: [Houghton, South Africa], Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication, [2009]. 17 p.
Abstract: This paper reports on a study about letters to and responses from advice columnists in 13 South African publications over a three-month period. Approximately 40 percent of letters to the columnists asked for advice about multiple concurrent partnerships, but less than half of the answers included information related to HIV and the increased risk of infection that accompanies such relationships. Instead, the columnists chose to focus on emotional or moral issues of concurrent partnerships. The paper highlights this missed opportunity to address HIV-prevention issues.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | RESPONDENTS | PRINTED MEDIA | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | COUNSELING | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mass Media | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331820

Title: mHealth for development: The opportunity of mobile technology for healthcare in the developing world.
Author: Vital Wave Consulting
Source: Washington, D.C., United Nations Foundation, 2009. 66 p.
Abstract: Mounting interest in the field of mHealth -- the provision of health-related services via mobile communications -- can be traced to the evolution of several interrelated trends. In many parts of the world, epidemics and a shortage of healthcare workers continue to present grave challenges for governments and health providers. Yet in these same places, the explosive growth of mobile communications over the past decade offers a new hope for the promotion of quality healthcare. Among those who had previously been left behind by the 'digital divide,' billions now have access to reliable technology. There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the potential of mobile communications to radically improve healthcare services -- even in some of the most remote and resource-poor environments. This report examines issues at the heart of the rapidly evolving intersection of mobile phones and healthcare. It helps the reader to understand mHealth's scope and implementation across developing regions, the health needs to which mHealth can be applied, and the mHealth applications that promise the greatest impact on heath care initiatives. It also examines building blocks required to make mHealth more widely available through sustainable implementations. Finally, it calls for concerted action to help realize mHealth's full potential. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PUBLIC HEALTH | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | EDUCATION | AWARENESS | DATA COLLECTION | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | DISEASE PREVENTION | TECHNOLOGY | TREATMENT | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | DRUGS | HIV TESTING | HIV PREVENTION | Health | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Training Programs | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 331450

Title: Communicating with youth: Using the Internet and mobile phones in reproductive health programs. The Internet and mobile phones hold promise as tools for reaching youth, but more evaluation is needed.
Author: Fazekas K; Moffett J
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Family Health International [FHI], Interagency Youth Working Group, 2009 May. [4] p. (YouthLens on Reproductive Health and HIV / AIDS No. 28)
Abstract: A growing number of programs are turning to the Internet and mobile phones to communicate with young people about reproductive health and HIV / AIDS prevention. The surge in availability and popularity of these technologies among youth offers new opportunities but also raises important questions. How can the Internet and mobile phones best be used in reproductive health interventions for youth? What are the advantages and challenges of using these technologies? Is there evidence to demonstrate that interventions using the Internet or mobile phone are effective? (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | COMMUNICATION | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTERNET | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Health | Information Networks | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331497

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Condom use and high-risk sexual acts in adult films: a comparison of heterosexual and homosexual films.
Author: Grudzen CR; Elliott MN; Kerndt PR; Schuster MA; Brook RH; Gelberg L
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;99 Suppl 1:S152-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the prevalence of condom use during a variety of sexual acts portrayed in adult films produced for heterosexual and homosexual audiences to assess compliance with state Occupational Health and Safety Administration regulations. METHODS: We analyzed 50 heterosexual and 50 male homosexual films released between August 1, 2005, and July 31, 2006, randomly selected from the distributor of 85% of the heterosexual adult films released each year in the United States. RESULTS: Penile-vaginal intercourse was protected with condoms in 3% of heterosexual scenes. Penile-anal intercourse, common in both heterosexual (42%) and homosexual (80%) scenes, was much less likely to be protected with condoms in heterosexual than in homosexual scenes (10% vs 78%; P < .001). No penile-oral acts were protected with condoms in any of the selected films. CONCLUSIONS: Heterosexual films were much less likely than were homosexual films to portray condom use, raising concerns about transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, especially among performers in heterosexual adult films. In addition, the adult film industry, especially the heterosexual industry, is not adhering to state occupational safety regulations.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HETEROSEXUALS | CONDOM USE | FILM AND VIDEO | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | ANAL SEX | ORAL SEX | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Mass Media | Communication | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Health
Document Number: 330956

Title: Premarital romantic partnerships: attitudes and sexual experiences of youth in Delhi, India.
Author: Hindin J; Hindin MJ
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):97-104.
Abstract: Attitudes toward and behavior within romantic partnerships were examined using data collected in 2004 from unmarried youth (583 males and 475 females, ages 15�19) living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Delhi, India. Associations between specific attitudes or behaviors and age, gender, and sexual experience were determined using Fisher's exact tests. Sixty-two percent of males and 53% of females reported that someone of the opposite sex had expressed an interest in them; 86% of males and 63% of females reported feeling good about it. In addition, 67% of males and 47% of females reported that they liked someone of the opposite sex. Compared with females, males were more likely to seek information about the person they were interested in (76% vs. 61%), and to engage in heterosexual premarital sex (32% vs. 6%). Females were less likely than males to report that it is okay to engage in premarital sex if the male and female love one another (14% vs. 33%). For both males and females, television and films were the most popular source of information on issues related to sexual health. Gender disparities in the formation of premarital romantic partnerships and in the experience of sexual relations make a strong case for sexuality education programs tailored differently for young men and for young women.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | YOUTH | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | SEX FACTORS | INFORMATION SOURCES | FILM AND VIDEO | TELEVISION | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Information | Mass Media | Communication | Broadcast Media | Data Collection
Document Number: 339892

7.
Title: A text messaging trial in family planning clinics.
Author: Mackenzie H
Source: Studies In Health Technology and Informatics. 2009;146:154-9.
Abstract: The New Zealand Family Planning Association (Family Planning) is a national not-for-profit organization providing sexual and reproductive primary care health services as well as health promotion, professional training and advocacy on issues of sexual and reproductive health. By 2006 Family Planning had become acutely aware of the increasing amount of staff time being used to make phone calls to clients, particularly about appointment reminders and laboratory results, and the associated escalation in telephone costs. Much of the increased cost related to the trend for the clients, who are predominantly under 25 year of age, to have only a mobile phone as their phone contact. This paper describes a project to identify and implement an alternative means of communication with these clients, with the outcome being the introduction of a text messaging program (txt2remind) integrated with the Practice Management System (Medtech 32) into clinics by June 2008.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW ZEALAND | RESEARCH REPORT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | FAMILY PLANNING | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | CONTACTING CLIENTS | Oceania | Developed Countries | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Clients | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342050

Peer Reviewed

Title: Accuracy of information given by Los Angeles County pharmacies about emergency contraceptives to sham patient in need.
Author: Nelson AL; Jaime CM
Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):206-10.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As emergency contraception (EC) becomes increasingly available without prescription, it is important that women in need be provided accurate information about its use. STUDY DESIGN: A telephone survey of all retail pharmacies in Los Angeles County was conducted by women posing as a 23-year-old who wanted to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected act of intercourse. RESULTS: One thousand four hundred sixty unduplicated pharmacies listed in the Yellow Pages 2007 were called between October 2007 and April 2008. Sixty-nine percent had EC available on site; 19% referred the caller elsewhere. The remainder said nothing could be done or hung up. Multiple calls and multiple recitations of the situation were needed in over one third of calls. Isolated incidents of inappropriate comments occurred. CONCLUSION: While most pharmacies provided information about EC that was consistent with labeling, barriers still exist to both accurate information and timely access to that product.
Language: English
Keywords:
CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | PHARMACISTS | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | United States of America | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication
Document Number: 330057

Title: Facilitating health-enabling social contexts for youth: qualitative evaluation of a family-based HIV-prevention pilot programme.
Author: Paruk Z; Petersen I; Bhana A
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):61-68.
Abstract: This paper reports on a post-intervention qualitative evaluation of the pilot intervention of the AmaQhawe Family Project, in South Africa, which is a cartoon-based, manualised intervention delivered to multiple family groups over 10 sessions, aimed at preventing HIV in adolescents through strengthening the adult protective shield. Semi-structured interviews with nine women who had participated in the pilot intervention were used to understand participants' perceptions of how the family-based HIV-prevention programme had assisted in addressing the issues identified in a pre-intervention exploratory study. Analysis of the data was informed by community health psychology and social capital theory. The findings indicate that at an individual level, the women interviewed had experienced an improved sense of empowerment, both as parents and as women. They also reported increased social support for effective parenting. At a collective level, the women reported that the programme had helped them to exert better informal social controls within the community, as well as to increase their social leverage and participation in community organisations. The findings suggest that HIV interventions involving families can strengthen the adult protective shield to facilitate health-enabling social contexts for youth.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PILOT PROJECTS | PARENTS | YOUTH PROGRAMS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | COMIC BOOKS | INTERVIEWS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Child Rearing | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Data Collection
Document Number: 341288

10.

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A new way of perceiving the pandemic: the findings from a participatory research process on young Africans' stories about HIV/AIDS.
Author: Winskell K; Enger D
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):453-467.
Abstract: This paper presents the findings, shares the methodology and outlines the benefits of a multi-country participatory research process on a unique data source: stories about HIV and AIDS written by young Africans. Between 1997 and 2005, more than 105,000 young people from 37 countries participated in competitions inviting them to think up storylines for short fiction films to educate their communities about HIV and AIDS as part of the 'Scenarios from Africa' communication process. The winning stories were selected by juries made up of: PLWH and other local specialists in prevention, treatment and care; former contest winners and other young people; and communication specialists, including the top African directors, who went on to transform the ideas into short films. In 2005, over 200 jurors selected 30 winners from the 22,894 stories submitted that year by 63,327 contest participants. After reading around 200 stories each and participating in the selection process, jurors compiled their observations and recommendations. The jurors' findings reveal notable persistent shortcomings in existing communication efforts and identify key emerging needs. In some areas, they show remarkable consistency across the continent. Jurors view this as a powerful needs assessment, networking and capacity building process that motivates action.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | ACTION RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | FILM AND VIDEO | DRAMA AND THEATER | HEALTH EDUCATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | CONTESTS | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Mass Media | Communication | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Incentives | Policy | Political Factors
Document Number: 341091

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in an Asian country: multilevel ecological factors.
Author: Wong ML; Chan RK; Koh D; Tan HH; Lim FS; Emmanuel S; Bishop G
Source: Pediatrics. 2009 Jul;124(1):e44-52.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess personal and environmental factors associated with premarital sex among adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study. Between 2006 and 2008, we recruited 500 adolescents who reported having engaged in voluntary sex for most recent sex. Five hundred control subjects were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS: Independently significant factors for premarital sex among boys were pornography viewing (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.82 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-14.43]), lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 3.84 [95% CI: 2.27-6.50]), perception that more than one half of their friends had engaged in sex (OR: 3.37 [95% CI: 1.92-5.92]), permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 3.41 [95% CI: 2.10-5.55]), involvement in gang activities (OR: 3.45 [95% CI: 1.66-7.15]), drinking (OR: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.07-2.94]), smoking (OR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.14-3.20]), and living in low-cost housing (OR: 3.25 [95% CI: 1.64-6.43]). For girls, additional factors were previous sexual abuse (OR: 7.81 [95% CI: 2.50-24.41]) and dropping out of school (OR: 2.72 [95% CI: 1.32-5.61]), and stronger associations were found for lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 5.56 [95% CI: 2.94-10.53]) and permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 6.25 [95% CI: 3.30-11.83]). Exposure to persons with HIV/AIDS or sexually transmitted infections in the media was negatively associated with sex for boys (OR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.16-0.45]) and girls (OR: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13-0.47]). CONCLUSION: Sex education programs for adolescents must address social, media, and pornographic influences and incorporate skills to negotiate sexual abstinence.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | FILM AND VIDEO | PEER GROUPS | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mass Media | Communication | Knowledge Sources
Document Number: 342886

13.
Title: E-health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a decade of challenges and achievements.
Author: Al-Shorbaji N
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2008;14 Suppl:S157-73.
Abstract: The World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has made huge progress in terms of use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector. Despite the late entry of ICT in health in the Region, there have been many impressive developments both as public health applications and in medical care. The article attempts to draw a picture of the current status of e-health applications in the Region with some specific examples of milestones and achievements made. The overall ICT situation and economic factors coupled with the health situation in the Region dictate the state-of-the-art of e-health.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WHO | INTERNET | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | TECHNOLOGY | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Economic Factors | Health
Document Number: 330596

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: From brochures to videos to counseling: Exposure to HIV-prevention programs.
Author: Albarracin D; Leeper J; Earl A; Durantini MR
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2008 May;12(3):354-362.
Abstract: This research tested the prediction that reading a preventive brochure leads people to watch a preventive video, and that watching this video in turn leads to an increase in the likelihood of participating in a preventive counseling session. A sample of men and women from a southeastern community in the United States was recruited for a general health survey with the objective of examining participation in HIV-prevention interventions. Unobtrusive measures of exposure to HIV-prevention brochures, an HIV-prevention video, and an HIV-prevention counseling session were obtained. Findings indicated that reading the brochures increased watching the video and that watching the video increased participation in the counseling session. The association between exposure to the video and exposure to the counseling was mediated by expectations that the counseling would be useful. Findings are discussed in terms of the need to ensure exposure to interventions to achieve intervention effectiveness. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | TARGET POPULATION | COUNSELING | FILM AND VIDEO | HEALTH EDUCATION MATERIALS | PRINTED MEDIA | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | PROMOTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Mass Media | Communication | Health Education | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marketing | Economic Factors
Document Number: 325896

15.

Title: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring.
Author: Baste V; Riise T; Moen BE
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 2008 May;23(5):369-377.
Abstract: Concern is growing about exposure to electromagnetic fields and male reproductive health. The authors performed a cross-sectional study among military men employed in the Royal Norwegian Navy, including information about work close to equipment emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, one-year infertility, children and sex of the offspring. Among 10,497 respondents, 22% had worked close to high-frequency aerials to a "high" or "very high" degree. Infertility increased significantly along with increasing self-reported exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. In a logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) for infertility among those who had worked closer than 10 m from high-frequency aerials to a "very high" degree relative to those who reported no work near high-frequency aerials was 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-2.37), adjusted for age, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and exposure to organic solvents, welding and lead. Similar adjusted OR for those exposed to a "high", "some" and "low" degree were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.55-2.40), 1.52 (95% CI: 1.25-1.84), and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.15-1.68), respectively. In all age groups there were significant linear trends with higher prevalence of involuntary childlessness with higher self-reported exposure to radiofrequency fields. However, the degree of exposure to radiofrequency radiation and the number of children were not associated. For self-reported exposure both to high-frequency aerials and communication equipment there were significant linear trends with lower ratio of boys to girls at birth when the father reported a higher degree of radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NORWAY | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | HEALTH SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | MEN | MILITARY PERSONNEL | INFERTILITY | SEX RATIO | ELECTRICITY | RADIO | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | PREVALENCE | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Reproduction | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics | Energy Supply | Natural Resources | Environment | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Measurement
Document Number: 326442

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Your faith or mine: a pregnancy spacing intervention in an ultra-orthodox Jewish community in Israel.
Author: Birenbaum-Carmeli D
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 Nov;16(32):185-91.
Abstract: Ultra-orthodox (haredi) Jews in Israel have an exceptionally high fertility rate of 7.7. As most fathers spend their days studying the Bible, the women struggle to support their large families under severe economic pressures. Some women experience maternal exhaustion coping with this life situation. Contraception for pregnancy spacing raises myriad dilemmas in the haredi community, however, many of which apply to promoting family planning in religious settings more generally. In a health promotion course for 23 haredi registered nurses at the University of Haifa in 2006-2007, pregnancy spacing was selected as the subject of the class project, the main aim of which was to convey an influential health message in a culturally acceptable manner. As the issue was debated, it was agreed the project should also address a range of women's health problems as well as pregnancy spacing. Thus, maternal nutrition, pelvic floor tone, dental health, maternal exhaustion and competition over number of children were added. A brochure was prepared and widely distributed in the haredi community, where it was well received. This paper describes the classroom dynamics during the planning and application of the project. It illustrates the importance of cultural awareness when addressing sensitive issues and communities with particular cultural dispositions.
Language: English
Keywords:
ISRAEL | SUMMARY REPORT | STUDENTS | BIRTH SPACING | INTERVENTIONS | PROMOTION | JUDAISM | CULTURE | MATERNAL HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION MATERIALS | MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT | PAMPHLETS | Developed Countries | Middle East | Education | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Economic Factors | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Health Education | Communication | Printed Media | Mass Media
Document Number: 342198

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Hormonal contraception.
Author: Blumenthal PD; Edelman A
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008 Sep;112(3):670-84.
Abstract: Hormonal contraceptives have been a part of clinical practice for more than 40 years, and family planning programs, based largely on contraceptive provision, are regarded as one of the most successful public health interventions of the 20th century. Thus, discussion of family planning issues and contraceptive considerations has become an integral component of women's health care and one of the benchmarks of the traditional annual well-women visit. In terms of cost-effectiveness, prevention of unplanned pregnancies through contraceptive use has repeatedly been shown to be a highly cost-effective use of health care dollars. Options for effective hormonal contraception have expanded tremendously and include a variety of delivery options, including the pills both in traditional 21/7 format, and more recently in a 24/4 format, as well as a vaginal ring, a skin patch, implants, and the hormonally medicated intrauterine device. Importantly, the overall risks associated with hormonal contraceptives have been reduced as compared with older formulations, even for women with medical conditions. Many modern hormonal contraceptives also offer valuable noncontraceptive benefits. To help clinical decision making, a number of evidence-based guides have been published, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recently updated their practice bulletin on contraception use in women with medical conditions. In general, clinical protocols for provision of hormonal contraceptives have been streamlined, and unnecessary practices, tests, and procedures are identified and discouraged. In this review, we will summarize both technical and programmatic aspects of hormonal contraceptive use, and methods are discussed in order of efficacy from highest to lowest.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE | COST EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | MAGAZINES | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, FEMALE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Contraception | Family Planning | Safety | Public Health | Contraceptive Agents | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication
Document Number: 329050

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Internet death notices as a novel source of mortality surveillance data.
Author: Boak MB; M'ikanatha NM; Day RS; Harrison LH
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology. 2008;167(5):532-539.
Abstract: Concerns about bioterrorism and influenza have focused attention on identifying novel data sources to enhance public health surveillance. The authors evaluated free Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Internet death notices for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, as a potentially timely source of mortality data. Data abstracted from Internet death notices for 1998-2001 were compared with mortality records from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Approximately 75% (44,294/60,281) of state records had death notices, and 91% (44,294/48,651) of death notices corresponded to a state record. There was a 2-day median lag from the date of death to online death notice publication. The date of death, gender, age, and name data were nearly 90% accurate and 60-100% complete. Increasing education and age were independently associated with increased Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reporting. Being non-White, female, or a nursing home resident were independently associated with decreased reporting. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Internet death notices provided accurate, timely mortality data for nearly three fourths of all Allegheny County deaths. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
PENNSYLVANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DATA COLLECTION | MINORITY GROUPS | NOTIFICATION | DEATH RECORDS | VITAL STATISTICS | INTERNET | MORTALITY | TIME FACTORS | NEWSPAPERS | SEX FACTORS | LENGTH OF LIFE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Statistics | Information Networks | Communication | Population Dynamics | Printed Media | Mass Media | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 324948

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Direct data capture using hand-held computers in rural Burkina Faso: Experiences, benefits and lessons learnt.
Author: Byass P; Hounton S; Ouedraogo M; Some H; Diallo I
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Jul;13 Suppl 1:25-30.
Abstract: The objectives were to assess our experiences of using hand-held computers (personal digital assistants, PDAs) for direct data capture in a large community-based geo-referenced survey in rural Burkina Faso, highlighting benefits and lessons learnt from their use. A population-based geo-referenced survey of over 500 000 people was undertaken using PDAs with in-built GPS receivers and the resulting database analysed in terms of successful completion, error rates and interview durations. Surveys were successfully completed for 84 861 households (98.3%) by 127 interviewers. The data input error rate was assessed at 0.24%, with more than half of the errors being made by less than 10% of the interviewers. Faster interviewers were not less accurate. Time-stamped and geo-referenced data allowed reconstruction of particular interviewer-day activities. Although the survey setting was challenging, the feasibility of using direct data capture on a large scale was well established. We learnt that, with more experience, we could have made better use of real-time entry and quality control checking procedures. The work involved in designing and setting up a complex survey on PDAs prior to data collection should not be underestimated. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | INTERVIEWS | DATA COLLECTION | SURVEY METHODOLOGY | COMPUTERS | SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS | CENSUS METHODS | POPULATION STATISTICS | RURAL AREAS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Information Processing | Information | Telecommunications | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Census | Geographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 327427

20.

Title: Representations of HIV/AIDS management in South African newspapers.
Author: Campbell C; Gibbs A
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 Jul;7(2):195-208.
Abstract: In South Africa, numerous strong policy statements emphasise the importance of involving communities in HIV/AIDS management, yet in practice such involvement tends to be tokenistic and minimal. Social representations in the public sphere constitute the symbolic dimension within which responses to HIV and AIDS are conceptualised and transformed into action. Through an analysis of newspaper articles, we explore the dominant representations of HIV/AIDS management circulating in the South African public sphere and examine how community engagement is depicted. We highlight the way media representations reflect narrow understandings of HIV and AIDS as a predominantly medical problem, while depicting HIV/AIDS management as a top-down activity dominated by prominent individuals, such as national leaders, health professionals and philanthropists, thus marginalising the role played by communities, who are often depicted as passive recipients of interventions by active outsiders. These representations fail to reflect the key role played by members of grassroots communities in responding to the HIV epidemic. Such representations provide flawed conceptual tools for shaping responses to the epidemic, given that HIV-related programmes are unlikely to have optimal outcomes unless they resonate with the perceived needs and interests of their target communities, as we contend that effective HIV/AIDS management is best achieved through active participation by communities in HIV/AIDS management strategies. We discuss the implications of a more 'civic-minded journalism.'
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | JOURNALISTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | EPIDEMICS | NEWSPAPERS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | CAMPAIGNS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Communications Personnel | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Printed Media | Mass Media | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication Programs | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 341263

21.

Title: Telecommunications and Health Care: an HIV/AIDS warmline for communication and consultation in Rakai, Uganda.
Author: Chang LW; Kagaayi J; Nakigozi G; Galiwango R; Mulamba J
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. 2008 May-Jun;7(3):130-132.
Abstract: Hotlines and warmlines have been successfully used in the developed world to provide clinical advice; however, reports on their replicability in resource-limited settings are limited. A warmline was established in Rakai, Uganda, to support an antiretroviral therapy program. Over a 17-month period, a database was kept of who called, why they called, and the result of the call. A program evaluation was also administered to clinical staff. A total of 1303 calls (3.5 calls per weekday) were logged. The warmline was used mostly by field staff and peripherally based peer health workers. Calls addressed important clinical issues, including the need for urgent care, medication side effects, and follow-up needs. Most clinical staff felt that the warmline made their jobs easier and improved the health of patients. An HIV/AIDS warmline leveraged the skills of a limited workforce to provide increased access to HIV/AIDS care, advice, and education.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HOTLINES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HIV | AIDS | INFORMATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education
Document Number: 340232

22.

Title: The case of the The Radio Communication Project in Nepal: A culture-centered rejoinder.
Author: Dutta MJ; Basnyat I
Source: Health Education and Behavior. 2008 Aug;35(4):459-460.
Abstract: The authors set out to examine the claim made that the Radio Communication Project in Nepal provided a participatory platform for community members and demonstrated using the culture-centered approach that so-called participatory health education efforts, such as the Radio Communication Project, are not too different from the top-down models of health education in the realm of opportunities of democratic participation of communities. The culture-centered approach interrogates the logic of "success" as defined within the realm of effectiveness of health education programs, and it suggests that we seek out alternative paradigms for constituting and evaluating health education efforts. The goals of the culture-centered approach are to examine the ways in which health education and promotion efforts respond to the needs of the community and the extent to which community members' voices are present within the discursive space; the key element here is the identification of community needs as articulated by the members of the community through the active participation of community members in dialogical platforms where they have opportunities to voice their concerns. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | PROGRESS REPORT | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | RADIO | HEALTH EDUCATION | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | CULTURE | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Organization and Administration | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Rural Development | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 308270

23.

Title: The radio communication project in Nepal: a culture-centered approach to participation.
Author: Dutta MJ; Basnyat I
Source: Health Education and Behavior. 2008 Aug;35(4):442-454.
Abstract: Considerable research has been conducted on the topic of entertainment-education (EE), the method of using entertainment platforms such as popular music, radio, and television programming to diffuse information, attitudes, and behaviors via role modeling. A significant portion of the recently published EE literature has used the case of the Radio Communication Project (RCP) in Nepal to demonstrate the effectiveness of EE and to argue that EE campaigns can indeed be participatory in nature. In this project, we apply the culture-centered approach to examine the discursive space created by the RCP and its claim of being participatory. A critical examination of RCP discourse brings forth an alternative lens for approaching EE and its participatory claim.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | CULTURE | RADIO PROGRAM | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Organization and Administration | Educational Activities | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Radio | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication
Document Number: 308268

24.

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Using telemedicine for termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol in settings where there is no access to safe services.
Author: Gomperts RJ; Jelinska K; Davies S; Gemzell-Danielsson K; Kleiverda G
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008 Aug;115(9):1171-5; discussion 1175-8.
Abstract: Women on Web is a service that uses telemedicine to help women access mifepristone and misoprostol in countries with no safe care for termination of pregnancy (TOP). This study reviews the telemedicine service. After an online consultation, women with an unwanted pregnancy of up to 9 weeks are referred to a doctor. If there are no contraindications, a medical TOP is conducted by mail. After maximising the follow up from 54.8 to 77.6%, 12.6% decided not to do the TOP and 6.8% of the women who did the medical TOP at home needed a vacuum aspiration. Telemedicine can provide an alternative to unsafe TOP. Outcomes of care are in the same range as TOP provided in outpatient settings.
Language: English
Keywords:
NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERNET | WOMEN | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | MISOPROSTOL | RU-486 | HOME CARE | ABORTION | SAFETY | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Information Networks | Communication | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Care and Support | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Public Health | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 328830 Notification

26.

Title: Influence of communicator's race on efficacy of an HIV/STD prevention intervention among African American and Caucasian college students.
Author: Helion AM; Reddy DM; Kies AL; Morris DR; Wilson CM
Source: Public Health Nursing. 2008 Sep-Oct;25(5):440-50.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present research examined the influence of communicator's race on the efficacy of intervention videos in the reduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among African American and Caucasian college females. DESIGN: Experimental HIV/STD prevention digital versatile disks (DVDs) featured a White female as a primary or a secondary communicator relative to a Black female, while a control DVD featured 2 Black females. Respondents watched 1 DVD and completed questionnaires before and after viewing the DVD as well as 2 and 4 weeks later. SAMPLE: 79 African American females and 88 Caucasian females participated. MEASUREMENTS: Perceptions of the DVDs, HIV/STD risk, intentions to use condoms, and number of condoms purchased after viewing the videos were assessed. RESULTS: The intervention was effective in increasing intentions to use condoms with a current partner across the follow-up periods. There was no effect of race of communicator on any variable for African American or Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: While communicator's race did not affect this intervention, more research is necessary. Future studies should use multiple Black and White communicators to isolate the role of race and should be conducted where larger samples of African American college students can be recruited.
Language: English
Keywords:
WISCONSIN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | RACE RELATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | SEX EDUCATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | FILM AND VIDEO | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Mass Media | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 329324

27.

Title: Can a short film impact HIV-related risk and stigma perceptions? Results from an experiment in Abuja, Nigeria.
Author: Lapinski MK; Nwulu P
Source: Health Communication. 2008 Sep;23(5):403-12.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS-related stigma is believed to result in negative social consequences for people with the disease and to be a deterrent to HIV serostatus testing. The ability of communicators to change people's stigma perceptions and subsequently impact decisions to test, however, is not well understood. Based on the entertainment-education approach, this article presents the results of a field experiment conducted in Abuja, Nigeria, testing a mediated intervention designed to reduce HIV-related stigma and risk perceptions. The results indicate that the intervention was effective relative to a control in impacting perceptions of the severity of HIV and some stigma-related attitudes, particularly for male participants; and that for this sample, risk and stigma perceptions significantly impact intentions to test for HIV. It also showed that severity perceptions mediated the relationship between viewing the film and testing intent.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | URBAN POPULATION | STIGMA | HIV TRANSMISSION | HIV INFECTIONS | PERCEPTION | FILM AND VIDEO | SEX FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | BELIEFS | ENTER-EDUCATE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Mass Media | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Culture | Education
Document Number: 329396

28.

Title: From family planning to HIV / AIDS in Vietnam: Shifting priorities, remaining gaps.
Author: Le Minh Giang; Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
Source: In: SexPolitics: Reports from the front lines, edited by Richard Parker, Rosalind Petchesky and Robert Sember. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Associacao Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS (ABIA), Sexuality Policy Watch, 2008]. :277-309.
Abstract: Globally, both the disjunction between sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS, and the fact that HIV/AIDS has taken over the political and funding agenda, are well noted. A recent editorial in the journal, Reproductive Health Matters, summed up this trend, noting that although HIV/AIDS has been with us for more than two decades, "now, suddenly, following rapid shifts in political leadership, priority setting, power brokering, and funding policies in international health and development circles, it is widely considered an unassailable fact that in the global 'competition' for resources and attention, sexual and reproductive health has less priority and has lost out to AIDS, as if addressing the one had no connection with addressing the other". Has this trend been realized in Vietnam? If so, what are some of the factors that have shaped this trend and which of its characteristics should Vietnam take into account moving forward? (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | HIV PREVENTION | BILLBOARDS AND SIGNS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | NEWSPAPERS | FUNDS | POPULATION CONTROL | LEGISLATION | UNFPA | FOREIGN AID | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Programs | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mass Media | Communication | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Printed Media | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | UN | International Agencies | Organizations
Document Number: 326774

29.

30.

Title: Mobile phones: exceptional tools for HIV/AIDS, health, and crisis management [letter]
Author: Lester R; Karanja S
Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2008 Dec;8(12):738-9.
Abstract: The Leading Edge in the August 2008 issue questioned, "Does HIV/AIDS still require an exceptional response" in relation to the potential imbalance of global health-care resources? In the midst of the unchecked and deadly pandemic the answer is yes; especially if local resources are used and management of other endemic health problems can also benefit. Perhaps one of the most promising emerging health systems tools, which can build capacity around the HIV/AIDS response and filter into the global health response, lies increasingly in the palms of our hands. Mobile telephones are reaching people in Africa's cities, towns, villages, and countrysides more rapidly than anywhere else in the world (figure 1). The overlap with the global health-care crisis does not go unnoticed. We previously reported that despite very low incomes, most clients attending two University of Nairobi clinics (serving sex workers and providing HIV services for the general population in Pumwani district) had access to mobile phones and knew how to use them. Surprisingly, mobile phone communication featured in most aspects of patients' personal lives and business, but not their health management. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | USER COMPLIANCE | MANAGEMENT | MALARIA | TUBERCULOSIS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Parasitic Diseases | Infections | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation
Document Number: 329727


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