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Title: Increasing HIV testing for at-risk children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: The Caregiver Project is helping HIV-positive children access life-saving medical treatment and providing an outreach model that can be replicated across Africa. The project trains grandmothers (called �grannies") to serve as peer supporters for elderly caregivers. The grannies provide information about pediatric HIV testing and treatment to elderly caregivers who come to Social Security Agency sites to get grants for social services for children and the elderly. Grannies offer caregivers referral cards that list the locations of pediatric testing services and encourage them to take the children to be tested. The Caregiver Project is targeting an important gateway to accessing these children, the elderly caregivers, and motivating caregivers to seek care through age-appropriate resources. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARE AND SUPPORT | PROMOTION | HIV TESTING | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 331491

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Title: Effectiveness of a community-based intervention to improve nutrition in young children in Senegal: a difference in difference analysis.
Author: Alderman H; Ndiaye B; Linnemayr S; Ka A; Rokx C; Dieng K; Mulder-Sibanda M
Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2009 May;12(5):667-73.
Abstract: There are few studies of community growth promotion as a means of addressing malnutrition that are based on longitudinal analysis of large-scale programmes with adequate controls to construct a counterfactual. The current study uses a difference in difference comparison of cohorts to assess the impact on the proportion of underweight children who lived in villages receiving services provided by the Senegal Nutrition Enhancement Project between 2004 and 2006. The project, designed to extend nutrition and growth promotion intervention into rural areas through non-governmental organisation service providers, significantly lowered the risk of a child having a weight more than 2 sd below international norms. The odds ratio of being underweight for children in programme villages after introduction of the intervention was 0.83 (95% CI 0.686, 1.000), after controlling for regional trends and village and household characteristics. Most measured aspects of health care and health seeking behaviour improved in the treatment relative to the control.
Language: English
Keywords:
SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | RURAL POPULATION | CHILD NUTRITION | INTERVENTIONS | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | BODY WEIGHT | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROMOTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | GROWTH | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Program Evaluation | Physiology | Biology | Marketing | Economic Factors | Behavior | Child Development
Document Number: 342116

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of a rapid peer-based HIV/AIDS educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in a high-income Arab country.
Author: Barss P; Grivna M; Ganczak M; Bernsen R; Al-Maskari F
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Sep 1;52(1):86-98.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In response to low knowledge about HIV and intolerant attitudes toward persons living with HIV among Arab university students, a peer-based educational intervention was developed and impact evaluated on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in 2 of 4 main cities of United Arab Emirates. METHODS: Four small teams of final year medical students, 3 female and 1 male, were trained. Multistage random sampling selected 14 female and 5 male Arab schools, then 56 female and 14 male grade 12 classes in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. The 90-minute intervention included a factual presentation and 3 attitude workshops. Baseline and postintervention knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Significance was tested by McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and multilevel regression tests. RESULTS: Response was 99.6%, 1398 females and 505 males. Misconceptions about modes of transmission and intolerant attitudes were evident. Mean knowledge score improved from 65% to 82% and attitude 51% to 64%, that is, relative increase 26% (P < 0.0005). Females had slightly lower baseline knowledge than males but showed greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Grade 12 students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS was inadequate and attitudes stigmatizing. Peer-based knowledge workshops were effective, especially among females. Concise integrated teaching and workshops designed to address key knowledge and attitudinal deficiencies can be highly effective.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVENTIONS | STIGMA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Education | Schools | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Health | Marketing | Public Health
Document Number: 342885

Peer Reviewed

Title: Longitudinal antiretroviral adherence in HIV+ Ugandan parents and their children initiating HAART in the MTCT-plus family treatment model: role of depression in declining adherence over time.
Author: Byakika-Tusiime J; Crane J; Oyugi JH; Ragland K; Kawuma A; Musoke P; Bangsberg DR
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S82-S91.
Abstract: The authors conducted a study to assess the effect of family-based treatment on adherence amongst HIV-infected parents and their HIV-infected children attending the Mother-To-Child-Transmission Plus program in Kampala, Uganda. Adherence was assessed using home-based pill counts and self-report. Mean adherence was over 94%. Depression was associated with incomplete adherence on multivariable analysis. Adherence declined over time. Qualitative interviews revealed lack of transportation money, stigma, clinical response to therapy, drug packaging, and cost of therapy may impact adherence. Our results indicate that providing ART to all eligible HIV-infected members in a household is associated with excellent adherence in both parents and children. Adherence to ART among new parents declines over time, even when patients receive treatment at no cost. Depression should be addressed as a potential barrier to adherence. Further study is necessary to assess the long-term impact of this family treatment model on adherence to ART in resource-limited settings.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PARENTS | CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | QUESTIONNAIRES | DEPRESSION | PACKAGING | STIGMA | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Marketing | Economic Factors | Social Problems
Document Number: 341904

Title: An assessment of the effectiveness of growth monitoring and promotion practices in the Lusaka district of Zambia.
Author: Charlton KE; Kawana BM; Hendricks MK
Source: Nutrition. 2009 Oct;25(10):1035-46.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effectiveness of the growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) program in Zambia. METHODS: A 3-mo prospective study of growth outcomes was undertaken at randomly selected health facilities and community posts within the Lusaka district. Children <2 y old (n=698) were purposively sampled from three health facilities (n=459) and four community posts (n=77) where health workers had undergone training in GMP and three health facilities where staff had not received training (n=162). Qualitative data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of GMP were collected from health facility managers (n=6), health workers (n=35), and mothers whose children attended all follow-up visits (n=27). RESULTS: Anthropometric status of children in all groups deteriorated, with children at community posts having the worst outcomes (change in weight-for-age Z-score -0.8+/-0.7), followed by trained (-0.5+/-0.6) and untrained (-0.3+/-0.47; P<0.05) health facilities. A similar trend was seen for weight for length. The overall dropout rate was 74.1%. Weight-for-age Z-scores were higher at 1- and 2-mo follow-up visits for children who did not complete the study at trained health facilities and community posts compared with those who remained in the study. Mothers/caregivers identified GMP as important in attending the under-five clinic, associated their child's weight with overall health status, and expressed a willingness to comply with health workers' advice. However, health care providers were poorly motivated, inadequately supervised, and demonstrated poor practices. CONCLUSIONS: The GMP program in Lusaka is functioning suboptimally, even in facilities with trained staff.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MONITORING | CHILDREN | GROWTH | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | BODY WEIGHT | ANTHROPOMETRY | PROMOTION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Physiology | Measurement | Research Methodology | Marketing | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342875

Peer Reviewed

Title: One versus multiple packs for women starting oral contraceptive pills: a comparison of two distribution regimens.
Author: Chin-Quee D; Otterness C; Wedderburn M; McDonald O; Janowitz B
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):369-74.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite World Health Organization and International Planned Parenthood Federation recommendations to provide multiple pill cycles to new users, many programs in developing countries still give only one pill cycle to new acceptors. STUDY DESIGN: To compare provision of a single versus multiple packs of pills, new pill users in 20 matched public sector clinics in Jamaica were assigned to one of two pill regimens in which they received either one (then subsequently three) or four pill cycles at method initiation. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who used pills beyond 4 months. RESULTS: Among 655 women, those receiving one cycle of pills at initiation, followed by counseling and a three-pack resupply, were no more likely to be using pills after 4 months than women who received four packs at initiation (odds ratio=1.33; 95% confidence interval=0.88-2.0). In both pill regimen groups, returning late to the clinic for resupply was a problem. However, more women in the 1+3-pack regimen group returned late to study clinics to obtain their fifth cycle of pills than their counterparts in the 4-pack regimen group (53% vs. 28%). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the recommendation that pill users should be given more than one cycle to start, because an extra visit for resupply contributes to clinic and provider costs. Moreover, providing more pill cycles at initiation would decrease the likelihood that women experience a gap in pill use between cycles.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PACKAGING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | TIME FACTORS | COUNSELING | USER COMPLIANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 330940

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraception in historical and global perspective.
Author: Cleland J
Source: Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;23(2):165-176.
Abstract: This chapter describes the rise in contraceptive practice and fall in fertility from around 1880 to the present day. Two main phases are identified: the first confined to European populations and involving methods of low efficacy, and the second embracing the whole planet involving modern methods. Today, sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where low levels of contraceptive use and high fertility persist. Nevertheless, nearly half of pregnancies worldwide are still unintended, and much scope remains for improvement in contraceptive protection. The main international priority is Africa, where demographic factors jeopardize the goals of reducing poverty and hunger.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SOCIAL MARKETING | POPULATION GROWTH | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Contraceptive Usage | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 329659

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: What does access to maternal care mean among the urban poor? Factors associated with use of appropriate maternal health services in the slum settlements of Nairobi, Kenya.
Author: Fotso J; Ezeh A; Madise N; Ziraba A; Ogollah R
Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2009 Jan;13(1):130-7.
Abstract: Objectives: The study seeks to improve understanding of maternity health seeking behaviors in resource-deprived urban settings. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors which influence the choice of place of delivery among the urban poor, with a distinction between sub-standard and "appropriate" health facilities. Methods: The data are from a maternal health project carried out in two slums of Nairobi, Kenya. A total of 1,927 women were interviewed, and 25 health facilities where they delivered, were assessed. Facilities were classified as either "inappropriate" or "appropriate". Place of delivery is the dependent variable. Ordered logit models were used to quantify the effects of covariates on the choice of place of delivery, defined as a three-category ordinal variable. Results: Although 70% of women reported that they delivered in a health facility, only 48% delivered in a facility with skilled attendant. Besides education and wealth, the main predictors of place of delivery included being advised during antenatal care to deliver at a health facility, pregnancy "wantedness", and parity. The influence of health promotion (i.e., being advised during antenatal care visits) was significantly higher among the poorest women. Conclusion: Interventions to improve the health of urban poor women should include improvements in the provision of, and access to, quality obstetric health services. Women should be encouraged to attend antenatal care where they can be given advice on delivery care and other pregnancy-related issues. Target groups should include poorest, less educated and higher parity women.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SLUMS | URBAN POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | CHILDBIRTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PROMOTION | ANTENATAL CARE | MULTIPARITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services Evaluation | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Marketing | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 308031

12.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Community-based promotional campaign to improve uptake of intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in pregnancy in Burkina Faso.
Author: Gies S; Coulibaly SO; Ky C; Ouattara FT; Brabin BJ; D'Alessandro U
Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Mar;80(3):460-9.
Abstract: Malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy were assessed in a health center randomized trial comparing intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) with and without community based promotional activities in rural Burkina Faso. The study involved 2,240 secundigravidae and secundigravidae and evaluated factors associated with antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and uptake of IPTp-SP. With promotion, 64.2% completed > or = 3 ANC visits compared with 44.7% without (P = 0.05). Complete uptake of IPTp-SP was 71.8% with and 49.1% without promotion (P = 0.008). The IPTp-SP uptake was lowest in adolescents delivering during high malaria transmission with (29%) or without promotion (30%). Uptake of SP was higher during the low transmission season than in the high transmission season (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.59-3.03). Community sensitization increased ANC attendance and IPTp-SP uptake. Adolescents were the most difficult to reach, particularly during the high malaria transmission period. The impact of IPTp-SP will be limited unless this high risk group is protected.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | PROMOTION | CAMPAIGNS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | SEASONAL VARIATION | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Marketing | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Medicine | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331127

13.

Title: Should healthcare professionals be advocating long-acting reversible contraception? [editorial]
Author: Glasier A
Source: Women's Health. 2009 Jan;5(1):1-4.
Abstract: The author comments on the reasons healthcare professionals should advocate long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). The three issues discussed are: cost--some providers and program managers find long-acting methods expensive; coercion--excessive enthusiasm for any method of contraception may risk potential users being pressured or coerced into using it; and STIs--some argue that increasing the use of LARC will decrease the use of condoms and so will put more people at risk of STIs.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTION | PROMOTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 330873

14.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Nicaragua.
Author: Indacochea CM; Leahy E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Nicaragua. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ADVOCACY | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Marketing
Document Number: 331430

15.
Title: Knowledge of emergency contraception among women of childbearing age at a teaching hospital of Karachi.
Author: Irfan F; Karim SI; Hashmi S; Ali S; Ali SA
Source: JPMA. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2009 Apr;59(4):235-40.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess knowledge and attitudes about Emergency Contraception among women of childbearing age in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A questionnaire based survey was conducted on 400 married women, attending the family practice clinics at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan from July to December 2006. Questionnaire was administered to women at the family practice clinic-seeking level of knowledge of emergency contraception (EC) and attitudes towards its use, Ethical requirements of informed consent and confidentiality were ensured Data was entered into Epi data and analyzed in SPSS. RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of women were not aware of EC. 83% were housewives. Only a small number (11.5%) ever used EC to prevent pregnancy, out of those, the correct timing of effectiveness of post-coital pill was known to only 40% of women while none of these women were aware of the existence of Intra Uteriune Contraceptive Device (IUCD) insertion as an option for EC About 50% of women identified general practitioners or family medicine clinics as their main sources of knowledge about EC. Increased advertising was considered desirable by 72% while 37% considered over the counter availability of EC pill desirable and only 36% of women were uncomfortable to use EC because of religious reasons. CONCLUSION: EC has a potential to offer women an important option for fertility control. Lack of women's knowledge about EC use and availability may account in part for its limited use. There is a need to improve women's education about EC. The primary health care providers can play a major role in informing their patients about emergency contraception.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | KNOWLEDGE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | ATTITUDES | TIME FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | ADVERTISING | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | RELIGION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Promotion | Marketing | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331281

16.

17.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Tanzania.
Author: Leahy E; Druce N; Akitobi E; Hardee K; Vogel CG
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 32 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders.This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Tanzania. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing
Document Number: 331431

18.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Uganda.
Author: Leahy E; Akitobi E
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 34 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Uganda. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | INFORMATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing
Document Number: 331432

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The DREAM model's effectiveness in health promotion of AIDS patients in Africa.
Author: Magnano San Lio M; Mancinelli S; Palombi L; Buonomo E; Altan AD; Germano P; Magid NA; Pesaresi A; Renzi E; Scarcella P; Zimba I; Marazzi MC
Source: Health Promotion International. 2009 Mar;24(1):6-15.
Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a holistic model for treating people living with AIDS in Africa; the model aims to improve knowledge about AIDS prevention and care, increase trust in the health centre, impact behaviour, and promote a high level of adherence to HAART. The study took place in the context of the DREAM (Drug Resource Enhancement against AIDS and Malnutrition) programme in Mozambique, designed by the Community of Sant'Egidio to treat HIV patients in Africa. It provides patients with free anti-retroviral drugs, laboratory tests (including viral load), home care and nutritional support. This is a prospective study involving 531 patients over a 12-month period. The patients, predominantly poor and with a low level of education, demonstrated a good level of knowledge about AIDS (more than 90% know how it is transmitted) and trust in the treatment, with a relatively small percentage turning to traditional healers. Overall the patients had a low level of engaging in risky sexual behaviour and a very good level of adherence to HAART (69.5% of the 531 subjects had a pill count higher than 95%). The positive results of the programme's educational initiatives were confirmed with the patients' good clinical results.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | PROMOTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education
Document Number: 330817

21.
Title: Setting up a nurse-led contraceptive clinic for young parents.
Author: Mansey J
Source: Nursing Times. 2009 Mar 24-30;105(11):12-4.
Abstract: This article describes the development of a nurse-led contraceptive and sexual health drop-in clinic, which runs alongside an existing young parents' drop-in service provided by a charity called Key to the Door. The clinic provides young parents, whose average age is 16-25, with access to a variety of first-issue contraceptive methods and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The article explains how the service was developed and provides information from an audit, which shows the clinic's effectiveness and positive outcomes for service users.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | CONTRACEPTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Planning | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331148

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changing global essential medicines norms to improve access to AIDS treatment: lessons from Brazil.
Author: Nunn A; Fonseca ED; Gruskin S
Source: Global Public Health. 2009;4(2):131-49.
Abstract: Brazil's large-scale, successful HIV/AIDS treatment programme is considered by many to be a model for other developing countries aiming to improve access to AIDS treatment. Far less is known about Brazil's important role in changing global norms related to international pharmaceutical policy, particularly international human rights, health and trade policies governing access to essential medicines. Prompted by Brazil's interest in preserving its national AIDS treatment policies during World Trade Organisation trade disputes with the USA, these efforts to change global essential medicines norms have had important implications for other countries, particularly those scaling up AIDS treatment. This paper analyses Brazil's contributions to global essential medicines policy and explains the relevance of Brazil's contributions to global health policy today.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | CRITIQUE | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | AIDS | HEALTH POLICY | COMMERCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PRICING | HUMAN RIGHTS | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Policy | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing
Document Number: 341397

23.
Title: [Actions of education health for child and adolescents in the city of Vitoria] As acoes de educacao em saude para criancas e adolescentes nas unidades basicas
Author: Oliveira CB; Frechiani JM; Silva FM; Maciel EL
Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Mar-Apr;14(2):635-44.
Abstract: This was a cross-sectional study carried in six Family Health Units, for direct observation of educative activities. The objective was to evaluate the actions of Education Health carried through in the informative sessions that approached the following subjects: family planning, breast feeding, families registered in Nutrition Programmes and children in nutritional risk. For the study proposed we establish that al action developed out side the individual approach to resolved heath problems will be considerer as health education. The unprepared of some professionals for the full functioning of the activities can still be observed. The findings of this study disclose the little participation of these Units in the accomplishment of educative activities on family planning come back toward the adolescents. Concerning the activities developed for the families registered in Nutrition Programmes, excellent subjects as the importance to appear the educative activities of the unit had been boarded in the most part of the lectures. The social activities for children in nutritional risk are carried out together with the families of the Nutrition Programmes. Although we observed several activities we still need to improved the multidisciplinary work to implement the heath promotion.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS | FAMILY PLANNING | BREASTFEEDING | CHILD NUTRITION | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | NEEDS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342096

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: High rates of STD and sexual risk behaviors among Garifunas in Honduras.
Author: Paz-Bailey G; Morales-Miranda S; Jacobson JO; Gupta SK; Sabin K; Mendoza S; Paredes M; Alvarez B; Monterroso E
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51 Suppl 1:S26-34.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Honduras has the highest concentration of HIV and AIDS cases in Central America, with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 1.5%. Prevalence is higher among certain ethnic groups such as the Garifuna with a reported HIV prevalence of 8%. METHODS: A biological and behavioral survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of the Garifuna population in Honduras, using computer-assisted interviews. Blood was tested for HIV, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis; urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalum. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 817 participants, 41% female and 51% male. Estimated prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were: HIV, 4.5% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.6), HSV-2, 51.1% (95% CI: 46.7 to 55.6), and syphilis seropositivity, 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0). Sexually transmitted infections in urine were: chlamydia, 6.8% (95% CI: 4.7 to 9.7), gonorrhea, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4 to 2.9), trichomoniasis, 10.5% (95% CI: 8.1 to 13.6), and Mycoplasma genitalium, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.1 to 9.9). Consistent condom use was low with stable (10.6%) and casual (41.4%) partners. In multivariate analysis, HIV was associated with rural residence. HSV-2 was associated with female sex, older age, and syphilis seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS: We found a moderate prevalence of HIV and a high prevalence of HSV-2 among the Garifunas. HSV-2 may increase the vulnerability of these populations to HIV in the future. Intervention strategies should emphasize sexually transmitted infection control and condom promotion, specifically targeting the Garifuna population.
Language: English
Keywords:
HONDURAS | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | BEHAVIOR | HIV | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | CONDOM USE | PROMOTION | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341324

25.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The free condom initiative: promoting condom availability and use in New York City.
Author: Renaud TC; Bocour A; Irvine MK; Bernstein KT; Begier EM; Sepkowitz KA; Kellerman SE; Weglein D
Source: Public Health Reports. 2009 Jul-Aug;124(4):481-9.
Abstract: In 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) made free condoms available to organizations through a Web-based ordering system. In 2006, we interviewed managers and patrons about free condom availability, acquisition, and use in venues where people at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus congregate. DOHMH condom distribution increased from 5.8 million in 2004 to 17.3 million in 2006. Overall, managers reported making condoms available at 76% (309/409) of high-priority venues, but only at 40% of gay bars. Among patrons who saw free condoms, 80% (280/351) reported taking them; 73% (205/280) of those who reported taking them also reported using them. A simple, Web-based ordering system dramatically increased condom distribution. In the venues we sampled, the majority of patrons acquired and used free condoms when available and visible, suggesting that increasing free condom availability may increase use. Special efforts are needed to ensure availability at gay bars.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | CONDOMS | PROMOTION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | INTERNET | CONDOM USE | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Nonclinical Distribution | Information Networks | Communication | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Data Collection | Research Methodology
Document Number: 342144

26.

27.
Title: [The medical organizational resources of fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus]
Author: Surmach MIu
Source: Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia I Istorii Meditsiny. 2009 Mar-Apr;(2):45-8.
Abstract: The assessment of youth reproductive attitudes and the identification of the medical organizational opportunities for fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus is considered. Relying on the data of the sociological survey of representative youth sample of national level it is established that both the reproductive attitudes and reproductive behavior of Belarus youth population does not correspond to the demographic criteria of effective population reproduction. It is revealed that the enhancement of reproductive attitudes of young women is possible in the conditions of increase of the rate of first pregnancy planning. The economic benefit due to possible implementation of this uncovered resource is evaluated.
Language: Russian
Keywords:
BELARUS | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | FERTILITY | ATTITUDES | PROMOTION | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Reproduction
Document Number: 342610

28.

29.

Title: Case studies in global school health promotion: From research to practice.
Author: Whitman CV; Aldinger CE
Source: New York, New York, Springer, 2009. 408 p.
Abstract: A growing body of research identifies strong links between children's health, social, and educational outcomes. Research also points to the reciprocal benefits of access to quality education on individual and family health status. In response to these findings, the World Health Organization developed the concept of the health-promoting school (HPS). This book, available for purchase, provides readers with examples from more than two dozen countries (representing urban and rural areas in developing and developed nations) that outline the strategies taken to implement HPS programs in individual schools, municipalities, and nations.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | EUROPE | NORTH AMERICA | ASIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | EDUCATION | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | HEALTH | PROMOTION | HEALTH POLICY | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Marketing | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331372

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Do instructions for over-the-counter pre-coital female contraceptives promote "perfect use"?
Author: Zite NB; Wallace LS
Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):211-5.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to estimate the readability and related features of English-language over-the-counter (OTC) pre-coital female contraceptive (PFC) instructions. STUDY DESIGN: We identified and purchased all currently available OTC PFCs (n=8), including Encare (Contraceptive Gel and Insert), F.C. Female Condom, Ortho Options (Conceptrol, Delfen and Gyncol II Jelly), Today Sponge and VCF Vaginal Film. Reading grade level was calculated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. Text point size was measured and total number of graphics was tallied. Graphic dimensions were also measured. We also assessed OTC PFC instructions on four main criteria--derived from the "User-Friendliness Tool (UFT)"--including layout features, graphic characteristics, presence of a clear message and presentation of manageable information. RESULTS: Reading level ranged from 8th to 12th grade (mean+/-SD=10.0+/-1.2). Mean page length was 24.4+/-7.0 cm (9.6+/-2.76 in.), while average page width was 20.3+/-13.8 cm (7.99+/-5.43 in.). Average text point size was 7.9+/-2.3 (range=6-12). Illustrations, predominantly line drawings, were used throughout (range=3-11), and most were similar in size to a matchbox. None of the "How to Use" sections scored high in all criteria on the UFT. CONCLUSIONS: "How to Use" sections of OTC PFC instructions should be revised to be easier to read and more user friendly. Ideally, the gap between "typical" and "perfect" contraceptive efficacy could potentially be narrowed if instructions were developed that the large majority of women could easily understand.
Language: English
Keywords:
TENNESSEE | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | USER COMPLIANCE | PROMOTION | LANGUAGE | READING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | FEMALE CONTRACEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Communication | Literacy | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Education
Document Number: 330056


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