1.  Title: Human resources for health: Tools and publications. Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2009 Mar. [2] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: The USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, fosters an enabling policy environment for improved health, especially HIV, family planning / reproductive health, and maternal health programs. Having adequate human resources is essential for scaling up and sustaining effective, accessible, high-quality health programs. To help ensure human resources, the project assists program planners to estimate human resource and training needs; identifies policy reforms to enable task-shifting and better workforce recruitment, training, and distribution; and mobilizes a multisectoral response by strengthening HIV-related human resources in workplaces, NGOs, and networks of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The project has also designed a Stigma Index that measures stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and behaviors among healthcare providers, highlighting an area that must be addressed by provider training initiatives. This flyer lists the project's computer models and publications on strengthening HIV-related human resource capacity. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | WORKERS | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | POLICY | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Social Problems Document Number: 331545 |
| 2. Title: Global action for health system strengthening: Policy recommendations to the G8 Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening. Author: Japan Center for International Exchange. Task Force on Global Action for Health System Strengthening Source: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Center for International Exchange, 2009. 131 p. Abstract: On January 16, 2009, a high-level working group on global health convened by the Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE) released a report to the Japanese government outlining measures that the G8 countries should take to set them on a path toward fulfilling their existing commitments to contributing to an overall improvement in the health of individuals and communities around the world. The Working Group on Challenges in Global Health and Japan's Contributions (the "Takemi Working Group") is chaired by Japan's former Senior Vice Minister for Health, Labour and Welfare Keizo Takemi and directed by JCIE President Tadashi Yamamoto. The Japanese government will pass the report to the Italian government, encouraging them to put these recommendations on the agenda of the 2009 G8 Summit in Italy. The report includes chapters by an international team of researchers and advisors on three specific building blocks of health systems-health financing, health information, and the health workforce-that are generally acknowledged to be critical components of any strong health system. While each paper offers specific recommendations for improvements that can be made in each individual building block, they also come to several common conclusions: 1.) While there is still a dire need for more resources-financial, human, and knowledge resources-in the global health field, there is also a critical need to use existing resources more efficiently and more effectively. Recognizing that the current global financial environment will make it even more difficult to secure the resources needed to make health systems work better for everyone, the paper writers recommend complementing the quest for more resources with creative thinking on ways to achieve better health outcomes with the resources we already have. 2.) The human security concept, which has become a pillar of Japan's foreign policy, is identified as a promising approach that can be adopted globally for strengthening health systems. Human security's emphasis on the wellbeing of individuals and communities is very much in line with the ultimate goal of health system strengthening: improving people's health and making health services available to all so that they can be healthy, productive members of society. Human security also responds to the complexity of health system strengthening with its focus on integrating community empowerment with protection strategies and its recognition of the dynamic way in which health is interconnected with many other human security challenges. 3.) In all areas of health system strengthening, donor countries tend to tell their partners in developing countries how they should behave and make decisions. This can lead to confusion, with contradicting instructions often coming from multiple donors and even from single donors, and loss of motivation for stakeholders in partner countries to take ownership of processes to improve their own health sectors. Contributing to this challenge, capacity for making informed decisions on health is often weak, further discouraging domestic decision making in planning and management of health systems. The paper writers all recommend that donor countries invest in capacity building for health sector decision making at the national and local levels and, at the same time, encourage stakeholders in partner countries to drive their own planning and implementation processes. 4.) Finally, the paper writers all recommend that the G8 follow through on its commitment to accountability by establishing an annual review of its activities and accomplishments within each of these three building blocks. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | SYSTEMS ANALYSIS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | LABOR FORCE | HEALTH POLICY | FOREIGN AID | CAPACITY BUILDING | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INFORMATION SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | COORDINATION | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information | Health Services Document Number: 328416 |
| 3. Title: After receiving USAID | DELIVER Project logistics training, access to health products improves in Nepal. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [2] p. (Success Story) Abstract: Just three years ago, under the previous health commodity distribution system in Nepal, the average stockout rate for family planning was 8.2 percent; for maternal and child health commodities it was 22.9 percent. Many women and children did not have the health commodities they needed. To prevent stockouts and to increase the availability of health commodities nationwide, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT partnered with the Government of Nepal / Ministry of Health and Population (Logistics Management Division / Department of Health Services [LMD / DOHS]) and others to develop a series of logistics training programs. The goal was to create an efficient pull system that the country could use to manage stock levels at all health facilities. The project and the LMD collaborated to successfully implement two training programs -- one for community logistics and one for web-based logistics management information systems (LMISs). Conducted by the Nepali government, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, and their partners, these trainings taught community and district health workers how to improve the national health commodity logistics system and how to ease the transition to the new district-level pull system, which allows each health facility to determine the amount of stock that it needs to order. As a result, after 25 of the poorly performing districts participated in the training programs, stockouts of key commodities in their health facilities -- condoms, vitamin A capsules, iron tablets, cotrimoxazole, oral rehydration salt, and oxytocin decreased, while product availability for the end user increased. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | USAID | LOGISTICS | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | INTERNET | HEALTH FACILITIES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Community Workers | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Programs | Education | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication Document Number: 331664 |
| 4. Title: Laboratory logistics handbook: A guide to designing and managing laboratory logistics systems. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jun. 83 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: The importance of quality laboratory services is indisputable. The expansion of programs for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, and malaria requires strong and supportive laboratory services. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) in particular, there has been a growing recognition of this importance, given the number of laboratory tests required to effectively diagnose and monitor AIDS treatment. The need to improve laboratory services for all of these disease programs provides an opportunity to strengthen laboratories in health systems overall so they can accommodate the needs of the communities they serve. This document describes the function and organization of laboratory services and the commodities needed for laboratory services, and it discusses supply chain considerations for management of laboratory commodities. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INGREDIENTS AND CHEMICALS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | HEALTH POLICY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Research Methodology | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331659 |
| 5. Title: The logistics handbook: A practical guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health programs. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 182 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Oringinally published in 2004. Abstract: The Logistics Handbook includes the major aspects of logistics management with an emphasis on contraceptive supplies. The text should be helpful to managers who work with supplies every day as well as managers who assess and design logistics systems for entire programs. Policymakers may find the text useful in exploring the inputs needed to create an effective logistics system. Key terms and concepts are clearly defined and explained, and the design and implementation of management information systems and inventory control are discussed in detail. Storage and quality control practices are also discussed, and overviews of forecasting and procurement processes are included. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | DRUGS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | RECORDS | QUALITY CONTROL | MONITORING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | IMPLEMENTATION | PLANNING | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Contraception | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 331681 |
| 6. Title: Spatial analysis of logistics indicator data for health commodities. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 6 p. Abstract: The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT has developed robust monitoring and evaluation tools to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the performance of logistics systems for essential health commodities. The purpose of this paper is to explore how analysis of stock indicators by location provides added value to these data sets, through a relatively minor investment in GPS devices and GIS software. Beginning with visual examination of logistics indicator data within a geographic context and progressing to network analysis, each of the spatial analysis methods presented in this paper presents its own set of strengths and weaknesses, yet they all excel in providing insights into the logistics system that might not otherwise be understood or even observed by simply looking at tabular data of stock levels for different facilities in the health system. Since a logistics system is inherently a geographically heterogeneous entity, using cartographic and spatial analysis tools may prove to be a crucial asset in assisting managers to identify key questions related to the performance of the logistics system and focus on potential causes and solutions. Moving forward, it will be useful to build off of the descriptive strengths of the spatial analysis methods described herein and begin building more robust statistical models that measure correlation between different components of the logistics system and commodity availability, while still accounting for the geographical variability of the data. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | PARAGUAY | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | DATA COLLECTION | DATA ANALYSIS | USAID | LOGISTICS | GEOGRAPHY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | DISTANCE | STREETS AND ROADS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Social Sciences | Science | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Geographic Factors | Population | Transportation | Economic Factors Document Number: 331660 |
| 7. Title: PRISM tools for assessing, monitoring, and evaluating RHIS performance. Author: Aqil A; Lippeveld T Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Mar. [32] p. (MS-09-34USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00) Abstract: PRISM Framework and its tools applications have expanded since 2004. Now it has been applied in Pakistan, Uganda, South Africa, Mexico, Paraguay, Honduras, Haiti, China and Cote d'Ivore for assessment and evaluation. It has been applied in diverse countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and Carribean continents. While these applications showed the strengths and appropriateness of PRISM Framework and its tools in identifying strengths and weaknesses of the routine information systems, they brought some challenges to attention. First, to make a distinction between RHIS performance indicators -accuracy, timeliness and completeness, from their counterpart processes. Second, to keep minimum variables in various tools for triangulation of information to avoid respondent's burden of filling the details. Third, better measurement of use of information. Thus, there was a need to revise the PRISM tools. Uganda PRISM evaluation in 2007 for testing its reliability and validity also helped to make the revisions. PRISM tools version 3.0 meets old and new challenges in assessing, monitoring and evaluation of RHIS. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | MEXICO | HONDURAS | HAITI | CHINA | PARAGUAY | SOUTH AFRICA | UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | INFORMATION PROCESSING | DATA COLLECTION | MANAGEMENT | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | North America | Americas | Central America | Latin America | Caribbean | Asia, Eastern | South America, Central | South America | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Eastern | Information | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 339994 |
8.  Peer Reviewed Title: Maternal mortality in Syria: causes, contributing factors and preventability. Author: Bashour H; Abdulsalam A; Jabr A; Cheikha S; Tabbaa M; Lahham M; Dihman R; Khadra M; Campbell OM Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2009 Sep;14(9):1122-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the biomedical and other causes of maternal death in Syria and to assess their preventability. METHODS: A reproductive age mortality study (RAMOS) design was used to identify pregnancy related deaths. All deaths among women aged 15-49 reported to the national civil register for 2003 were investigated through home interviews. Verbal autopsies were used to ascertain the cause of death among pregnancy related maternal deaths, and causes and preventability of deaths were assessed by a panel of doctors. RESULTS: A total of 129 maternal deaths were identified and reviewed. Direct medical causes accounted for 88%, and haemorrhage was the main cause of death (65%). Sixty nine deaths (54%) occurred during labour or delivery. Poor clinical skills and lack of clinical competency were behind 54% of maternal deaths. Ninety one percent of maternal deaths were preventable. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of maternal death in Syria and their contributing factors reflect serious defects in the quality of maternal care that need to be urgently rectified. Language: English Keywords: SYRIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RECORDS | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Middle East | Information Processing | Information | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342964 |
| 9. Title: Exposure to information and communication about HIV/AIDS and perceived credibility of information sources among young people in northern Tanzania. Author: Bastien S; Leshabari MT; Klepp KI Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009;8(2):213-222. Abstract: A structured face-to-face interview was completed by 993 young people out of school, between the ages of 13 and 18, in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; additionally, the questionnaire was self-administered by 1,007 students attending either their last year of primary or first year of secondary school. Significant factors associated with the frequency of exposure to HIV/AIDS information and frequency of communication about HIV/AIDS included urban/rural location, sex, socio-economic status, and educational attainment. Both groups ranked the radio as the most frequent source of HIV/AIDS information. The in-school group reported significantly more frequent exposure to all sources of HIV/AIDS information, and they communicated more frequently about the topic than did the out-of-school group. The in-school group gave high credibility ratings to medical doctors, the radio, and parents as sources of information, whereas the out-of-school group attributed the most credibility to the mass media. Irrespective of school attendance, the young people ranked friends, parents, and doctors as preferred communicators of sexual and reproductive health information. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTHS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information | Communication | Data Collection | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 339889 |
| 10. Title: Malawi. Laboratory services and supply chain assessment. Author: Butao D; Felling B; Msipa P Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Feb. [95] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: In January and February 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted an assessment of laboratory services and the management of the supply chain for laboratory commodities and equipment in government and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities in Malawi. The assessment’s overall objective was to provide the MOH with information on the current status of laboratory services and the supporting supply chain that could be used to develop the Five-Year Strategic Laboratory Plan. During the assessment, a quantitative baseline was established on which to measure future improvements to laboratory services and the supporting supply chain. This report presents the methodology and findings of the assessment, as well as recommendations to improve the supply chain to support laboratory services in Malawi. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | USAID | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Economic Factors Document Number: 331662 |
| 11. Title: Male perceptions on female sterilization: a community-based study in rural central India. Author: Char A; Saavala M; Kulmala T Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):131-138. Abstract: CONTEXT: Use of modern contraceptive methods has increased fourfold in India since the 1970s, characterized by a predominance of female sterilization. There has been considerable investigation about women's choice of female sterilization, but little from the male perspective. METHODS: Seven focus group discussions were conducted among 58 men currently married to women aged 15-45, followed by a cross-sectional survey among 793 men currently married to same-aged women. Bivariate analysis was used for the survey data, and content analysis was used for the qualitative data. RESULTS: Men's primary source of reproductive health information was mass media, although they expressed interest in getting information through discussion with knowledgeable sources. Men understood family planning and contraception to be two separate issues: Men viewed "family planning" as synonymous with female sterilization, whereas they saw "contraception" as referring to spacing methods, knowledge of which was limited. Thirty-four percent of men reported that their wives had been sterilized; 79% of men who did not rely on any permanent method said they wanted their wives to be sterilized. In focus group discussions, most men reported themselves as their family's sole decision maker about reproductive health; however, only one-third of survey respondents did so. CONCLUSION: Men are interested in acquiring family planning information, but lack knowledge about available information sources, which hampers their ability to make informed family planning choices. Family planning service providers and program planners need to be aware of males' knowledge and perceptions pertaining to family planning, and make appropriate modifications to communication strategies. Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos se ha cuadruplicado en India desde los años setenta y se ha caracterizado por el predominio de la esterilización femenina. Ha habido considerables esfuerzos de investigación sobre la elección de la esterilización femenina que hacen las mujeres, pero existen pocos estudios desde la perspectiva masculina. Métodos: Siete sesiones de grupos focales se condujeron con 58 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres en edades de 15-45 años, seguidas por una encuesta transversal aplicada a 793 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres del mismo grupo de edad. Se usó análisis bivariado para los datos de la encuesta y análisis de contenido para los datos cualitativos. Resultados: Para los hombres, la fuente primaria de información sobre salud reproductiva fue los medios masivos, aunque ellos expresaron interés en obtener información a través de charlas con gente informada en el tema. Los hombres encuestados entendieron la planificación familiar y la anticoncepción como dos temas separados: los hombres percibieron la "planificación familiar" como sinónimo de esterilización femenina, mientras que se refirieron a la "anticoncepción" como métodos de espaciamiento, cuyo conocimiento fue limitado. Treinta y cuatro por ciento de los hombres reportaron que sus esposas habían sido esterilizadas; 79% de los hombres que no dependían de algún método permanente dijeron que querían que sus esposas fueran esterilizadas. En las sesiones de grupo, la mayoría de los hombres se identificó como el único tomador de decisiones en su familia respecto a la salud reproductiva; sin embargo, solamente un tercio de los hombres encuestados se identificó de esa forma. Conclusión: Los hombres están interesados en obtener información sobre planificación familiar, pero desconocen las fuentes disponibles que pueden consultar, lo cual limita su capacidad para tomar decisiones informadas sobre planificación familiar. Los prestadores de servicios y planificadores de programas de planificación familiar deben estar conscientes del conocimiento y percepciones de los hombres en relación con la planificación familiar, y realizar las modificaciones apropiadas a sus estrategias de comunicación. French Abstract: Contexte: La pratique de la contraception moderne a quadruplé en Inde depuis les années 1970. Elle se caractérise par une prédominance de la stérilisation féminine. De nombreuses études ont été menées sur le choix féminin de la stérilisation. La perspective masculine n'est en revanche guère connue. Méthodes: Sept réunions de groupe ont été organisées avec 58 hommes mariés à des femmes de 15 à 45 ans. Une enquête transversale a ensuite été menée auprès de 793 hommes mariés à des femmes de la même tranche d'âge. L'analyse bivariée a été utilisée pour les données d'enquête, et l'analyse de contenu pour les données qualitatives. Résultats: Pour les hommes, les médias représentent la principale source d'information sur la santé génésique. Ils expriment cependant un certain intérêt à s'informer par discussion auprès de sources compétentes. Les hommes voient dans la planification familiale et la contraception deux questions distinctes: la «planification familiale» est pour eux synonyme de stérilisation féminine, tandis que la «contraception» désigne les méthodes d'espacement, au sujet desquelles ils ne sont guère informés. Trente-quatre pour cent des hommes ont déclaré que leur femme était stérilisée; 79% de ceux qui n'avaient pas eu recours à une méthode permanente ont indiqué désirer que leur femme se fasse stériliser. Lors des discussions de groupe, la plupart des hommes se sont déclarés les seuls décideurs de leur famille en matière de santé génésique, par rapport à un tiers seulement des répondants à l'enquête. Conclusion: Les hommes désirent s'informer sur la planification familiale mais ils ignorent les sources d'information disponibles, ce qui entrave leur aptitude à opérer des choix éclairés en la matière. Les prestataires de services et les planifi- cateurs de programmes de planification familiale doivent être sensibles aux connaissances et aux perceptions masculines et ajuster en conséquence leurs stratégies de communication. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERCEPTION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | INFORMATION SOURCES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Information Document Number: 343003 |
| 12. Title: [Characterization of tuberculosis among HIV/AIDS patients at a referral center in Mato Grosso do Sul] Caracterizacao da tuberculose em portadores de HIV/AIDS em um servico de Author: Cheade Mde F; Ivo ML; Siqueira PH; Sa RG; Honer MR Source: Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical. 2009 Mar-Apr;42(2):119-25. Abstract: Tuberculosis was investigated regarding its clinical presentation, treatment outcome and sociodemographic profile among HIV patients attended at a referral center in Mato Grosso do Sul, in 2003-2005. Sixty-six medical files on patients over 14 years of age and data from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases relating to tuberculosis and from the Mortality Information System were analyzed. Most of the patients were male, white, of low schooling level and from urban areas. Increased extrapulmonary clinical presentation was found and it correlated with the degree of immunological competence. The main reasons for ceasing treatment were cure (reached after longer-than-expected follow-up) and death (of six patients at the beginning of the tuberculosis treatment). Information gaps were found in the tuberculosis notification records and medical files. The study revealed the need for early diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients, improvements in medical records and follow-up beyond the recommended duration, because of changes to the clinical evolution of tuberculosis in cases of comorbidity with HIV. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TUBERCULOSIS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | TREATMENT | DATA COLLECTION | RECORDS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Research Methodology | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 342168 |
| 13. Title: Estrogens and the risk of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Author: de Mos M; Huygen FJ; Stricker BH; Dieleman JP; Sturkenboom MC Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. 2009 Jan;18(1):44-52. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) shows a clear female predominance, we investigated the association between the cumulative as well as current exposure to estrogens, and CRPS. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) project in the Netherlands. Cases were identified from electronic records (1996-2005) and included if they were confirmed during a visit (using International Association for the Study of Pain Criteria), or had been diagnosed by a specialist. Controls were matched to cases on gender, age, calendar time, and injury. Measures of cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure were obtained by questionnaire and included age of menarche and menopause, menstrual life, and cumulative months of pregnancy and breast-feeding. Current estrogen exposure at CRPS onset was retrieved from the electronic medical records and determined by current pregnancy or by the use of oral contraceptive (OC) drugs or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). RESULTS: Hundred and forty-three female cases (1493 controls) were included in analyses on drug use and pregnancies, while cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure was studied in 53 cases (58 controls) for whom questionnaire data were available. There was no association between CRPS and either cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure, OC, or HRT use. CRPS onset was increased during the first 6 months after pregnancy (OR: 5.6, 95%CI: 1.0-32.4), although based on small numbers. DISCUSSION: We did not find an association between CRPS onset and cumulative endogenous estrogen exposure or current OC or HRT use, but more powered studies are needed to exclude potential minor associations. Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RECORDS | PAIN | ESTROGENS | HORMONES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Information Processing | Information | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 329753 |
| 14. Title: Infodemiology and infoveillance: Framework for an emerging set of public health informatics methods to analyze search, communication and publication behavior on the Internet [editorial] Author: Eysenbach G Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2009;11(1):e11. Abstract: Infodemiology can be defined as the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, specifically the Internet, or in a population, with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy. Infodemiology data can be collected and analyzed in near real time. Examples for infodemiology applications include: the analysis of queries from Internet search engines to predict disease outbreaks (eg. influenza); monitoring peoples' status updates on microblogs such as Twitter for syndromic surveillance; detecting and quantifying disparities in health information availability; identifying and monitoring of public health relevant publications on the Internet (eg. anti-vaccination sites, but also news articles or expert-curated outbreak reports); automated tools to measure information diffusion and knowledge translation, and tracking the effectiveness of health marketing campaigns. Moreover, analyzing how people search and navigate the Internet for health-related information, as well as how they communicate and share this information, can provide valuable insights into health-related behavior of populations. Seven years after the infodemiology concept was first introduced, this paper revisits the emerging fields of infodemiology and infoveillance and proposes an expanded framework, introducing some basic metrics such as information prevalence, concept occurrence ratios, and information incidence. The framework distinguishes supply-based applications (analyzing what is being published on the Internet, eg. on Web sites, newsgroups, blogs, microblogs and social media) from demand-based methods (search and navigation behavior), and further distinguishes passive from active infoveillance methods. Infodemiology metrics follow population health relevant events or predict them. Thus, these metrics and methods are potentially useful for public health practice and research, and should be further developed and standardized. (Author's abstract) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CRITIQUE | EPIDEMIOLOGY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | INTERNET | INFLUENZA | MONITORING | COMMUNICATION | PUBLIC HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Health | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation Document Number: 331416 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Adapting a multifaceted U.S. HIV prevention education program for girls in Ghana. Author: Fiscian VS; Obeng EK; Goldstein K; Shea JA; Turner BJ Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009;21(1):67-79. Abstract: A U.S. HIV prevention program was adapted to address knowledge gaps and cultural pressures that increase the risk of infection in adolescent Ghanaian girls. The theory-based nine-module HIV prevention program combines didactics and games, an interactive computer program about sugar daddies, and tie-and-dye training to demonstrate an economic alternative to transactional sex. The abstinence-based study was conducted in a church-affiliated junior secondary school in Nsawam, Ghana. Of 61 subjects aged 10-14 in the prevention program, over two thirds were very worried about becoming HIV infected. A pre-post evaluation of the intervention showed significant gains in three domains: HIV knowledge (p = .001) and self efficacy to discuss HIV and sex with men (p < .001) and with boys (p < .001). Responses to items about social norms of HIV risk behavior were also somewhat improved (p = .09). Subjects rated most program features highly. Although short-term knowledge and self-efficacy to address HIV improved significantly, longer term research is needed to address cultural and economic factors placing young women at risk of HIV infection. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | SELF ESTEEM | RISK BEHAVIOR | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Psychological Factors | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 325287 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Adapting a multifaceted U.S. HIV prevention education program for girls in Ghana. Author: Fiscian VS; Obeng EK; Goldstein K; Shea JA; Turner BJ Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Feb;21(1):67-79. Abstract: We adapted a U.S. HIV prevention program to address knowledge gaps and cultural pressures that increase the risk of infection in adolescent Ghanaian girls. The theory-based nine-module HIV prevention program combines didactics and games, an interactive computer program about sugar daddies, and tie-and-dye training to demonstrate an economic alternative to transactional sex. The abstinence-based study was conducted in a church-affiliated junior secondary school in Nsawam, Ghana. Of 61 subjects aged 10-14 in the prevention program, over two thirds were very worried about becoming HIV infected. A pre-post evaluation of the intervention showed significant gains in three domains: HIV knowledge (p = .001) and self efficacy to discuss HIV and sex with men (p < .001) and with boys (p < .001). Responses to items about social norms of HIV risk behavior were also somewhat improved (p = .09). Subjects rated most program features highly. Although short-term knowledge and self-efficacy to address HIV improved significantly, longer term research is needed to address cultural and economic factors placing young women at risk of HIV infection. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GHANA | EVALUATION REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SUGAR DADDIES | SEX WORKERS | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | HIV PREVENTION | CULTURE | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | ABSTINENCE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information Processing | Information | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change Document Number: 331081 |
| 17. Title: Knowledge of HIV risk factors among immigrants in Thailand. Author: Fuller TD; Chamratrithirong A Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):83-91. Abstract: This study is based on a sample of 3,374 immigrants from Cambodia and Myanmar who worked in 17 different provinces in Thailand. Many immigrants workers had not even heard of HIV/AIDS before coming to Thailand, but most have received instruction about HIV/AIDS from some source in Thailand, and a large majority are now aware of HIV/AIDS. While immigrant workers in Thailand are fairly knowledgeable about the risk factors for HIV transmission, important gaps remain. Women, persons with less than five years of education, seafarers, agricultural workers, those who do not personally know anyone affected by HIV/AIDS, and those who have not yet received instruction in HIV/AIDS are the ones most likely to have gaps in their knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk factors. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | KNOWLEDGE | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INFORMATION SOURCES | SEX FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Information | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Education Document Number: 331116 |
| 18. Title: Guatemala: Using supply chain modeling and simulation to analyze the Ministry of Health supply chain. Author: Gibney J; Sanchez A; Lamadrid C Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Mar. 38 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: This activity analyzed the characteristics of the integrated logistics system in three departments in Guatemala: Sololá, Totonicapán, and Jutiapa. This paper identifies some of the obstacles to achieving contraceptive availability for the underserved and vulnerable populations; it also offers options for improving equity in access for family planning commodities. The study identifies elements in the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare’s (MSPAS) logistics system that could impede the availability and accessibility of contraceptives. By using supply chain simulation and optimization modeling software, with geographic information system tools, the authors propose system-related solutions that could improve the performance of the overall MSPAS. Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | RECOMMENDATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | OBSTACLES | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | GEOGRAPHY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | TRANSPORTATION | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Social Sciences | Science | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331663 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: A 15-Minute Interactive, Computerized Condom Use Intervention With Biological Endpoints. Author: Grimley DM; Hook EW 3rd Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Feb;36(2):73-78. Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Brief face-to-face-behavioral interventions have been shown to be efficacious, but are costly to sustain and to widely disseminate. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 15-minute theory-based behavioral intervention designed to increase condom use and reduce new cases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. METHODS:: Participants were randomly assigned via the computer to the intervention or the comparison group stratified by gender and their baseline stage of change (motivational readiness) for using condoms consistently (100%) with their main partners. Behavioral data and biologic specimens for testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained at baseline and at 6 months post intervention. The intervention was delivered via an audio, multimedia, computerized application that provided individualized interventions to patients based on their responses to assessment items; comparison patients interacted with a 15-minute, computerized, multiple health risk assessment with no intervention. RESULTS:: The majority of the sample (N = 430) was black (88%); 54.5% women; with a mean age = 24.5. Assuming all participants who did not return to the clinic at 6 months were not using condoms consistently, 32% of the treatment group versus 23% in the comparison group reported consistent condom use (P = 0.03). The combined Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis incidence declined to 6% in the intervention group versus 13% in the comparison group (P = 0.04). Results from a regression analysis revealed that the only statically significant predictor of sexually transmitted diseases infection at the follow-up was group assignment (OR = 1.91, 95% confidence index = 1.09-3.34; P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS:: These findings suggest that brief, interactive, computer-delivered interventions provided at the evaluation visit increase condom use and reduce sexually transmitted diseases without putting additional burden on clinicians or staff. Language: English Keywords: ALABAMA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | THEORETICAL MODELS | BLACKS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | GONORRHEA | CHLAMYDIA | CONDOM USE | AUDIOVISUAL AIDS | TIME FACTORS | RISK ASSESSMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Information Processing | Information | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Educational Methods | Educational Activities | Education | Population Dynamics | Evaluation | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 329674 |
| 20. Title: Neurological disorders in HIV-infected children in India. Author: Gupta S; Shah DM; Shah I Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 2009 Sep;29(3):177-81. Abstract: There are few studies of HIV-related neurological disorders from centres in low-income countries where facilities are available for detailed investigation. METHODS: Records of all patients attending the paediatric HIV outpatient department at B. J. Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai between April 2000 and March 2008 were reviewed. Of 668 HIV-infected patients, 48 (7.2%) had neurological manifestations and are included in this study. RESULTS: Twenty-six (54.2%) children had HIV encephalopathy. Other causes of neurological manifestations include febrile convulsion in five (10.4%), bacterial meningitis in three (6.3%), epilepsy in two (4.2%), tuberculous meningitis and progressive multi-focal encephalopathy in two (4.2%) each and toxoplasmosis, vasculitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, Down's syndrome, birth asphyxia, herpes simplex encephalopathy and mitochondrial encephalopathy in one (2.1%) each. Mean (SD) age at presentation was 4.36 (3.38) years with a range of 2 months to 15 years. The common subtle neurological manifestations were abnormal deep tendon reflexes and extensor plantar reflexes. The common symptomatic manifestations were delayed milestones in 21 children (43.8%) and seizures in 19 (39.6%). Seizures were more common in males (54%) than in females (25%) (p=0.038). In children <5 years, delayed milestones was the most common manifestation while focal neurological deficits were more common in older children. Of the 13 children who received HAART, nine (60.23%) improved. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of neurological disorders in HIV-infected children is important for appropriate investigation and management, especially the introduction of HAART. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RECORDS | CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | MENINGITIS | TUBERCULOSIS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TREATMENT | MANAGEMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Information Processing | Information | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Central Nervous System Effects | Central Nervous System | Infections | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | HIV Document Number: 342530 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Acceptability and reliability of an adolescent risk behavior questionnaire administered with audio and computer support. Author: Gutierrez JP; Torres-Pereda P Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica. 2009;25(5):418-422. Abstract: Answers to sensitive behavior-related questions were obtained using ACASI systems and compared with answers to the same questions obtained through face-to-face interviews (FFIs) among adolescents in Mexico. Focus groups were conducted to explore ACASI's acceptability among adolescents and ASCASI's potential for obtaining better self-reported data on sensitive behaviors. ACASI was adolescents' preferred method for reporting risk behaviors, particularly sexual behavior. Also, more risk behaviors were reported through ACASI than FFIs. The authors conclude that using ACASI systems in disadvantaged households to obtain data on adolescent risk behavior is not only feasible but may also improve data quality in the case of complex questionnaires, compared with FFIs. Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | RELIABILITY | ADOLESCENTS | TESTING | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | INFORMATION PROCESSING | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors | Information Document Number: 339854 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: How well do women recall past contraceptive use? A pilot study. Author: Guttinger AK; Chen ZE Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jul;35(3):173-5. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: Many women use a variety of contraceptive methods during their reproductive lives. Investigating this exposure is one of the most frequently performed epidemiological investigations. Accurate recall of methods used, as well as validating this information, can be difficult. A pilot study compared recalled contraceptive use over 5 years with that documented in the case notes of 30 women. RESULTS: 47% of episodes of method use were accurately recalled to the month of starting method use; this figure rose to 94% when episodes with disagreement within +/-12 months were also considered. Similarly, 44% and 91% of episodes were accurately recalled to the month and within +/-12 months of stopping method use, respectively. Accuracy of recall for duration of use followed a similar pattern. 7% of users were unable to distinguish between use of a combined pill and a progestogen-only pill and one-third of women using an intrauterine contraceptive were unable to distinguish an intrauterine device (IUD) from the intrauterine system (IUS). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Almost all women can recall accurately which contraceptive methods they have used in the past year but are less accurate in respect of exact starting and stopping dates. Some women confuse the combined pill with the progestogen-only pill and others confuse the IUD and the IUS. The findings need to be replicated in other settings and with populations of less well-educated women. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TIME FACTORS | SELF-PERCEPTION | INTERVIEWS | RECORDS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Data Collection | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 342136 |
| 23. Title: Optimizing the reproductive health supply chain: A user's guide to software. Author: Harrington L; Boyson S Source: [Brussels, Belgium], Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition, 2009 Feb. 53 p. Abstract: This guide provides in-country reproductive health (RH) supply chain managers and advisors with the information they need to make better informed decisions when they select technology / software with which to manage their RH supply chains. More specifically, the report is structured to help managers do the following: Understand the RH supply chain in terms of its three critical flows -- material, information, and funds; See exactly where and how (functionality) the six RH supply chain software applications studied in this research project map to these flows -- i.e., at what point in the RH supply chain does a particular software program play, and what functions does it perform at that point?; Determine exactly what individual functions the six RH supply chain applications perform; Determine the collective functionality capabilities of the six RH supply chain applications -- i.e., exactly what functions do the six applications perform when they are considered together; Understand what collective functions commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) supply chain applications perform -- to identify gaps that the six RH applications do not address, and to determine how the collective functionality of the six RH applications compare to that of the benchmark commercial off-the-shelf supply chain applications. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | COLD CHAIN | LOGISTICS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331478 |
| 24. Title: Premarital romantic partnerships: attitudes and sexual experiences of youth in Delhi, India. Author: Hindin J; Hindin MJ Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):97-104. Abstract: Attitudes toward and behavior within romantic partnerships were examined using data collected in 2004 from unmarried youth (583 males and 475 females, ages 15–19) living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Delhi, India. Associations between specific attitudes or behaviors and age, gender, and sexual experience were determined using Fisher's exact tests. Sixty-two percent of males and 53% of females reported that someone of the opposite sex had expressed an interest in them; 86% of males and 63% of females reported feeling good about it. In addition, 67% of males and 47% of females reported that they liked someone of the opposite sex. Compared with females, males were more likely to seek information about the person they were interested in (76% vs. 61%), and to engage in heterosexual premarital sex (32% vs. 6%). Females were less likely than males to report that it is okay to engage in premarital sex if the male and female love one another (14% vs. 33%). For both males and females, television and films were the most popular source of information on issues related to sexual health. Gender disparities in the formation of premarital romantic partnerships and in the experience of sexual relations make a strong case for sexuality education programs tailored differently for young men and for young women. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | YOUTH | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | SEX FACTORS | INFORMATION SOURCES | FILM AND VIDEO | TELEVISION | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Information | Mass Media | Communication | Broadcast Media | Data Collection Document Number: 339892 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The risk of unintended pregnancies in users of the contraceptive patch compared to users of oral contraceptives in the UK General Practice Research Database. Author: Jick SS; Hagberg KW; Kaye JA; Jick H Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):142-51. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The transdermal contraceptive patch EVRA has been marketed since 2002 as an alternative to oral contraceptives (OCs), but large follow-up studies of effectiveness are lacking. STUDY DESIGN: We used a cohort plus a nested case-control study to estimate rates and hazard ratios of unintended pregnancy among users of different hormonal contraceptives (HC) and to evaluate the effects of various potential predictors on unintended pregnancy. RESULTS: Rates of unintended pregnancy were all low (overall rate 0.17 per 100 women-years), though they were slightly higher in users of progestogen-only OCs and EVRA compared to users of second-generation OCs. The hazard ratios for unintended pregnancy were also higher for users of progestogen-only OCs and the patch compared to users of second-generation OCs, although these estimates may be confounded by compliance. Rates of unintended pregnancy were inversely associated with age and duration of HC use as well as with other predictors of pregnancy but not body mass index or use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The rates of unintended pregnancy were low for all study HCs, and while the data on unintended pregnancy in EVRA users compared to OC users are sufficient to rule out major differences in the rate of unintended pregnancy, they are not sufficient to rule out modest ones. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUESTIONNAIRES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 342306 |
| 26. Title: Health GIS and HIV/AIDS studies: Perspective and retrospective. Author: Kandwal R; Garg PK; Garg RD Source: Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2009 Aug;42(4):748-55. Abstract: GIS (Geographic Information System) is a useful tool that aids and assists in health research, health education, planning, monitoring and evaluation of health programmes that are meant to control and eradicate certain life threatening diseases and epidemics. HIV/AIDS is one such epidemic that poses a serious challenge and threatens the overall human welfare. This communication is an attempt to link and understand the health scenario in a GIS context with emphasis on HIV/AIDS. Various GIS based functionalities for health studies and their scope in analyzing and controlling epidemiological diseases are explored. Overall scenario of the spread of HIV/AIDS around the world is presented along with the Indian perspective. Finally, we conclude with the general management problems, issues and challenges related to HIV/AIDS prevailing in India. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEALTH | SCREENING | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Public Health | Information Processing | Information | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 342911 |
| 27. Title: Use of the internet by patients attending specialist clinics in Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study. Author: Kommalage M Source: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2009;9:12. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The internet is a relatively new medium of disseminating health information. Studies on Internet usage for health information are mainly done in developed countries and very few studies have been carried out in developing countries. METHODS: The Internet usage of patients who were attending specialist clinics in Teaching Hospital Karapitiya and Southern Hospital in Galle, Sri Lanka was investigated. The study was carried out on the following specialities; General Medicine, Pediatrics, General Surgery and Cardiothoracic surgery. Information was collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire while patients were waiting for a consultation. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty five patients (or guardians in the Pediatric clinic) participated in the study. One hundred seventy two (48.3%) participants have heard about the Internet. There was a relationship between awareness of the Internet and age, educational level and the clinic attended. There was no difference of awareness depending on the gender or the hospital. Only three participants (0.97%) have used the Internet to find information about their disease conditions. Close relatives searched the Internet about the conditions of two participants. Altogether, the Internet was used to search information on the disease condition of five participants (1.4%). CONCLUSION: Very low usage of the Internet for health information retrieval in this study is probably due to low awareness of the Internet and low educational level. This low usage of Internet and the associated reasons shown in this study can be generalized to Sri Lanka and probably to other low-income countries that have lower educational level than Sri Lanka. Language: English Keywords: SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | TARGET POPULATION | INTERNET | INFORMATION SOURCES | AGE FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | HEALTH EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Information Networks | Communication | Information | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education Document Number: 331071 |
| 28. Title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples. Author: Kosaryan M; Vahidshahi K; Siami R; Nazari M; Karami H; Ehteshami S Source: Saudi Medical Journal. 2009 Jun;30(6):835-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples in Ghaemshahr City, Mazandaran, Iran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in 2006. Birth rates from 1997-2005 and the number of newly registered patients from at risk couples was recorded. Tools for data collection were a valid questionnaire containing epidemiologic characteristics of couples, knowledge (20 questions), attitude 20 statements, and practice by studying the family file in health centers. Questionnaires were completed by husband and wife separately. Actual versus expected numbers of patients born in that period were compared. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 13.00, and p<0.05 was interpreted as significant. RESULTS: Of the 240 at risk couples, 100 were studied. Of them, 82% had good knowledge of thalassemia, and 68.5% had a positive attitude toward thalassemia prevention program. Correlations of knowledge with attitude were significant (p<0.001), and 50% of the couples had unfavorable practice including unplanned pregnancy, fetal abortion without prenatal diagnosis (PND), delivery without PND, and having a child affected by thalassemia major (TM). Without PND, 4 TM patients were born. Ninety-eight episodes of unfavorable practice were reported. Meanwhile, the contraceptive method used by 12% of couples was unsafe. Suspected TM patients with no prevention program were 25; thus, the birth of 2 TM was prevented (92% reduction). CONCLUSION: We achieved great success during the last 9 years in the region, and TM prevention program improved knowledge, attitude, and practice in high-risk couples and carrier families. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COUPLES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | HEREDITARY DISEASES | GENETIC COUNSELING | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | ABORTION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information Document Number: 342635 Notification |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, sources and perceived need among senior high school students: a cross-sectional study in China. Author: Li S; Huang H; Xu G; Cai Y; Shi R; Shen X Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Aug;20(8):561-5. Abstract: A total of 2,668 senior high school students, ages approximately 15–24 years, participated in a self-administered questionnaire. Information was collected on their knowledge about HIV and other sexually transmitted infections as well as their sources of information and perceived information need. Approximately 6.8% had a low level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 29.6% had a moderate level, and 63.7% had a high level. The most important information sources were, in rank order, TV/video (72.1%), school heath education curriculum (51.8%), and reading materials (45.7%). About half of the students confirmed a need for more information. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | KNOWLEDGE | INFORMATION SOURCES | NEEDS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Information | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 342219 |
| 30. Title: Contraceptive practices and sexual initiation among young people in three Brazilian State capitals. Praticas contraceptivas e iniciacao sexual entre jovens de tres capitais brasileiras. Author: Marinho LF; Aquino EM; de Almeida M Source: Cadernos Saude Publica. 2009;25(Sup 2):S227-S239. Abstract: This study investigated contraceptive use during first sexual intercourse among 2,790 young men and women. Researchers used the GRAVAD household survey to interview a probabilistic sample in three Brazilian capital cities. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 68.3% for women and 65.3% for men. Among women, contraception use was associated with per capita monthly family income, color/race, and the use of women's magazines as a source of information on pregnancy and contraception. For both genders, use was more frequent when partners discussed pregnancy prevention before intercourse, when sexual initiation was delayed and in a motel, and when the partner was patient. The interval between the start of the relationship and sexual initiation appeared to be associated with use during first sex for men. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 339906 |
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