1.  Title: IAPAC recommendations to the Obama administration for the US response to the global HIV pandemic [editorial] Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. 2009 Jan-Feb;8(1):13-20. Abstract: Includes the text from a January 5, 2009 letter from the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (IAPAC) to the Obama-Biden Presidential Transition Team outlining top-line recommendations for the administration's response to the global HIV pandemic. Recommendations are made for HIV care and treatment, HIV prevention, HIV testing, Human resources, Access to treatment, and PEPFAR. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | PHYSICIANS | RECOMMENDATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | TITLE 19 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE | AIDS | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | HIV TESTING | HUMAN RESOURCES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Public Assistance | Grants | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 331305 |
2.  Title: Starting with the classroom: updating family planning knowledge in East Africa. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2009 Feb. [2] p. (Voices No. 28) Abstract: In Kenya, a dedicated midwifery tutor is working hard to train students at Aga Khan University but worries that he isn't teaching them the latest information and techniques. Many of his fellow instructors are in the same situation. "We had our last refresher training ten years ago," he laments. In Tanzania, a midwifery tutor from Tumaini University Faculty of Nursing observes, "Many nurses who are providing service have never been updated on new issues [in family planning]. It will be our responsibility to see how we can help as a training institution because we will send our students to some of these clinics." To build instructors' capacity and address the knowledge gaps, the Capacity Project partnered with East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA) Health Community and Africa's Health in 2010 to deliver a week-long workshop on Contemporary Issues in Family Planning for midwifery tutors in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Held in Dar es Salaam in April 2008, the workshop updated the knowledge of 22 tutors and enabled them to teach their students more effectively. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation showed the workshop to be highly successful. Average scores climbed from 58% on the pre-test to 81% on the post-test. Additionally, 94% reported that they have used the workshop information and resources to update their colleagues. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | NURSE-MIDWIVES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | USAID | CAPACITY BUILDING | WORKSHOPS | CONTRACEPTION | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | AUDIOVISUAL AIDS | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Management | Educational Methods | Educational Activities Document Number: 325236 |
| 3. Title: After receiving USAID | DELIVER Project logistics training, access to health products improves in Nepal. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [2] p. (Success Story) Abstract: Just three years ago, under the previous health commodity distribution system in Nepal, the average stockout rate for family planning was 8.2 percent; for maternal and child health commodities it was 22.9 percent. Many women and children did not have the health commodities they needed. To prevent stockouts and to increase the availability of health commodities nationwide, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT partnered with the Government of Nepal / Ministry of Health and Population (Logistics Management Division / Department of Health Services [LMD / DOHS]) and others to develop a series of logistics training programs. The goal was to create an efficient pull system that the country could use to manage stock levels at all health facilities. The project and the LMD collaborated to successfully implement two training programs -- one for community logistics and one for web-based logistics management information systems (LMISs). Conducted by the Nepali government, the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, and their partners, these trainings taught community and district health workers how to improve the national health commodity logistics system and how to ease the transition to the new district-level pull system, which allows each health facility to determine the amount of stock that it needs to order. As a result, after 25 of the poorly performing districts participated in the training programs, stockouts of key commodities in their health facilities -- condoms, vitamin A capsules, iron tablets, cotrimoxazole, oral rehydration salt, and oxytocin decreased, while product availability for the end user increased. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | USAID | LOGISTICS | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | INTERNET | HEALTH FACILITIES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Community Workers | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Programs | Education | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication Document Number: 331664 |
| 4. Title: Expanding access to injectable contraceptives. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID] Source: [Washington, D.C.], USAID, [2009]. [2] p. Abstract: A technical consultation, co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and Family Health International (FHI), was held June 15-17, 2009, at the WHO in Geneva to review the evidence and programmatic experience for community-based provision of injectable contraceptives. Thirty technical and program experts from countries and organizations reviewed the scientific evidence and experiences from programs that provided injectable contraceptives through community-based health workers (CHWs). This evidence and programmatic experience came from Africa, Asia, and Latin America and focused on depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The evidence consistently showed that given appropriate training, CHWs can screen clients effectively, provide DMPA injections safely, and counsel on side effects appropriately, demonstrating competence equivalent to higher level facility-based providers of DMPA. Continuation of use of DMPA by clients of CHWs was as long as those of clients receiving injections at clinics. In addition, the vast majority of clients expressed satisfaction with CHW provision of DMPA. The Consultation concluded that sufficient evidence existed for national policies to support the introduction, continuation, and scale-up of community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives, especially DMPA. Provision of DMPA by CHWs will expand choice for underserved populations and contribute to reducing the unmet need for family planning. Operational guidelines for family planning should therefore reflect that appropriately trained CHWs can safely initiate use of DMPA and provide reinjection. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WHO | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Public Health | Contraceptive Usage | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 331839 |
| 5. Title: Community-based health workers can safely and effectively administer injectable contraceptives: Conclusions from a technical consultation. Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]; Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2009. 4 p. Abstract: In June 2009, a technical consultation held at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva concluded that evidence supports the introduction, continuation, and scale-up of community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives. The group of 30 technical and programme experts reviewed scientific and programmatic experience, which largely focused on the progestin-only injectable, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The experts found that community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives by appropriately trained community health workers (CHWs) is safe, effective, and acceptable. Such services should be part of a family planning programme offering a range of contraceptive methods. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WHO | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | NEEDS | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | MONITORING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Economic Factors | Public Health | Contraceptive Usage | Training Programs | Education | Evaluation | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 331834 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Emergency contraception: knowledge and attitudes of family physicians of a teaching hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Author: Abdulghani HM; Karim SI; Irfan F Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2009 Jun;27(3):339-44. Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge of family medicine providers and their attitudes towards emergency contraception in a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A 21-item questionnaire containing the demographic profile of respondents and questions concerning knowledge of and attitudes towards emergency contraception was distributed among participants. In total, 45 interviews were conducted, with a response rate of 100%, with faculty physicians (33%), residents (27%), medical officers (40%), 36% male and 64% female physicians; of them, the majority (64%) were married. Although the large majority (71%) of the respondents reported considerable familiarity with emergency contraception, objective assessment revealed deficiencies in their knowledge. About 38% of the participants incorrectly chose menstrual irregularity as the most common side-effect of progestin-only emergency contraception pills, and only 33% answered that emergency contraception was not an abortifacient while 42% were unsure. Forty percent of the physicians prescribed emergency contraception in the past. The large majority (71%) of the physicians were familiar with emergency contraception, yet deficiencies in knowledge inaccuracies were identified. Barriers to its use were identified as 'it will promote promiscuity' (31%), religious/ethical reasons (27%), liability (40%), teratogenicity (44%), and inexperience (40%). Overall attitudes regarding emergency contraception were positive; however, most (82%) physicians were unsatisfied with their current knowledge of emergency contraception, and there was a discrepancy between perceptions of physicians and actual knowledge. Interventions providing education to family physicians regarding emergency contraception is strongly recommended. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PHYSICIANS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | PERCEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341579 |
| 7. Title: An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS. Author: Ahmed SI; Hassali MA; Aziz NA Source: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PHARMACISTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | RISK FACTORS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | EXPOSURE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 342691 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Community-based skilled birth attendants in Bangladesh: attending deliveries at home. Author: Ahmed T; Jakaria SM Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):45-50. Abstract: Only 15% of births in Bangladesh in 2007 were delivered at health facilities, but the increase over previous years has been significant, and treatment-seeking from a medically trained provider for obstetric complications has also increased. A programme to create a cadre of skilled birth attendants for home births was launched by the Government of Bangladesh in 2004. The training, for community-based health and family planning fieldworkers, covers 74 essential midwifery skills and danger signs for referral. Training of trainers and supervisors for the fieldworkers was also initiated. By the end of 2008 an estimated 4,000 out of a proposed 13,500 skilled birth attendants and 50 of 4,000 proposed supervisors had been trained and were working in 56 districts. There needs to be a full evaluation of the programme and whether it has reduced maternal deaths. Bangladesh now needs to decide how long to invest in this programme and/or whether to train a new cadre of fully qualified midwives, as proposed by the Nursing Council. We believe this programme can only be an interim measure, not a long-term solution, as more women decide to seek institutional delivery and professional midwifery care. For the moment, though, task-shifting seems to have yielded beneficial results and important insights into human resources planning for safe motherhood in Bangladesh. Spanish Abstract: En 2007, sólo el 15% de los partos en Bangladesh ocurrieron en establecimientos de salud. En comparación con ańos anteriores, este porcentaje ha aumentado considerablemente, al igual que la búsqueda de tratamiento de complicaciones obstétricas brindado por un profesional médico capacitado. En 2004, el Gobierno de Bangladesh lanzó un programa para crear una categoría de asistentes de partos calificados que ayudaran con los partos domiciliares. La capacitación de trabajadores comunitarios de la salud y de planificación familiar, abarca 74 habilidades esenciales de partería y los signos de alarma para dar referencias. También se inició la capacitación de capacitadores y supervisores de los trabajadores de campo. A finales de 2008, aproximadamente 4,000 de los 13,500 asistentes de partos calificados y 50 de los 4,000 supervisores propuestos habían recibido capacitación y estaban trabajando en 56 distritos. Es necesario realizar una evaluación completa del programa y determinar si éste ha logrado disminuir la tasa de muertes maternas. Bangladesh debe decidir por cuánto tiempo continuar invirtiendo en este programa y/o si capacitar a un nuevo grupo de parteras profesionales plenamente cualificadas, como propone el Consejo de Enfermería. Estimamos que este programa es sólo una medida provisional, no una solución de largo plazo, ya que cada vez más aumenta el número de mujeres que deciden buscar atención institucional y cuidados de partería profesionales. No obstante, por ahora la reasignación de tareas parece haber dado buenos resultados e importantes datos sobre los recursos humanos en la planificación de la maternidad sin riesgos en Bangladesh. French Abstract: Au Bangladesh, en 2007, 15% seulement des naissances avaient eu lieu dans un établissement de santé, mais la hausse par rapport aux précédentes années était sensible et le recours aux services d'un prestataire formé médicalement pour les complications obstétricales avait aussi augmenté. En 2004, le Gouvernement a lancé un programme de création d'un groupe d'accoucheuses qualifiés pour les naissances ŕ domicile. La formation des agents de santé et de planification familiale communautaires couvre 74 compétences obstétricales essentielles et les signes de danger exigeant le transfert de la patiente. La formation des formateurs et des superviseurs des agents de terrain a aussi été lancée. Fin 2008, environ 4000 des 13 500 accoucheuses qualifiés envisagés et 50 des 4000 superviseurs prévus avaient été formés et travaillaient dans 56 districts. Il faut mener une évaluation complčte du programme et déterminer s'il a diminué les décčs maternels. Le Bangladesh doit maintenant décider pendant combien de temps investir dans ce programme et/ou s'il souhaite former un nouveau groupe de sages-femmes pleinement qualifiées, ainsi que l'a proposé le Conseil des infirmičres. Nous pensons que ce programme ne peut ętre qu'une mesure provisoire et non une solution ŕ long terme, ŕ mesure que davantage de femmes opteront pour un accouchement institutionnel et des soins de sages-femmes professionnelles. Pour le moment, néanmoins, la délégation des tâches semble avoir produit des résultats positifs et des connaissances précieuses sur la planification des ressources humaines pour une maternité ŕ moindre risque au Bangladesh. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | PROGRESS REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | COMMUNITY WORKERS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | CHILDBIRTH | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | MEDICAL SUPERVISION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Supervision | Management Document Number: 342014 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of school health nursing education interventions on HIV/AIDS-related attitudes of students in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Author: Akpabio II; Asuzu MC; Fajemilehin BR; Ofi AB Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):118-123. Abstract: Purpose: One of the greatest challenges facing school nurses is that of identifying and using appropriate strategies to meet the health education needs of adolescents in regard to prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study examined the effects of HIV/AIDS preventive health education with parental involvement on students' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Methods: The study population comprised students from three of nine secondary schools in the study area. The three schools were randomly assigned as Intervention Group 1 (IG1), involving nurses only; Intervention Group 2 (IG2), involving both nurses and parents (IG2); and a control group. A pretest/ post-test intervention design was used. A 29-item, validated questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Sampling involved multistage and stratified random technique to select 120 subjects from each of the three selected schools, with a total of 360 subjects representing 8.3% of the study population. From this number, 339 (94.2%) provided sufficient data for analysis. Data analysis involved analysis of covariance and the Scheffé post hoc test determined at the .05 significance level. Results: Results show significant effect of intervention on students attitudes toward preventive measures (F<234.27, p .001*). The intervention that involved nurses only was found to be a more potent strategy in providing favorable attitudes toward HIV/AIDS prevention (IG1 mean, 20.59; IG2 mean, 19.20; control mean, 12.34). Attitudes were influenced by older age but not by gender. Conclusion: Health education efforts aimed at improving HIV/AIDS-related attitudes should not only focus on children but also on parents so that they in turn could assist to improve on health workers' efforts in educating the children. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVENTIONS | STUDENTS | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH EDUCATION | ATTITUDES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Child Rearing Document Number: 330164 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: [Opinions by physicians from the Family Health Program on four health care priorities proposed by the Agenda for Commitment to Comprehensive Child Health and Reduction of Infant Mortality] Perspectivas de medicos do Programa Saude da Familia acerca das linhas de cuidado Author: Alves e Silva AC; Villar MA; Wuillaume SM; Cardoso MH Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Feb;25(2):349-58. Abstract: The aim of this study was to understand how physicians from a team in the Brazilian Family Health Program perceive their work in child health, as compared to the program's principles outlined in the Agenda for Commitment to Comprehensive Child Health and Reduction of Infant Mortality, under the Ministry of Health. The backdrop was the strategy for implementation of primary care under the Unified National Health System (SUS). Semi-structured interviews were held, and the material was submitted to content analysis. According to the findings, in general the Agenda is being met. However, there are difficulties with referral and counter-referral; the measures proposed by the Family Health Program require medical and sociological competence and face problems inherent to biomedical training; the infrastructure and inputs are precarious; and the training provided does not prepare physicians sufficiently for a more comprehensive approach. In conclusion, the primary care model in Brazil requires adjustments to the country's reality, and partnerships that transcend the system are necessary. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PHYSICIANS | CHILD HEALTH | SELF-PERCEPTION | INFANT MORTALITY | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342669 |
| 11. Title: Integrating syndromic case management of sexually transmitted diseases into primary healthcare services in Nigeria. Author: Banwat EB; Egah DZ; Peter J; Barau C; Majang Y; Mafuyai S; Imade GE; Bukbuk DN Source: Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2009 Apr-Jun;18(2):215-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a huge public health problem; both the aetiological and clinical approaches to management have limitations. WHO has therefore developed an alternative strategy--the syndromic case management approach. This paper reports a training of healthcare providers at the Primary Health Centers aimed at integrating STD care into other services in the PHCs to improve management at the community level. METHODS: Sixteen nurses, from eight PHCs were trained on this new strategy. The training included: identification of STDs, use of flow charts, patient education and counseling, clinic management issues and record keeping and reporting. RESULTS: Over a period of eight weeks post training, about 731 clients were attended to, 451 (61.7%) had signs and symptoms of various STDs (genital discharge, genital ulcer, genital warts and lower abdominal pains). They were treated using the syndromic case approach. About 18.6% (84/451) were males and 81.4% (367/451) were Females. Singles (never married) constituted 32.8% (148/451) while 28.6% were married. About 26.6% and 12.0% were divorced and separated respectively. Age group 20-35 years was at highest risk of infection CONCLUSION: Syndromic case management of STDs can be conveniently integrated into the primary health care delivery system in Nigeria. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | NURSES AND NURSING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | TREATMENT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | COUNSELING | PRE-POST TESTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Program Evaluation Document Number: 342684 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth in Nairobi's informal settlements. Author: Bazant ES; Koening MA; Fotso JC; Mills S Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):39-50. Abstract: The private sector's role in increasing the use of maternal health care for the poor in developing countries has received increasing attention, yet few data exist for urban slums. Using household-survey data from 1,926 mothers in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, collected in 2006, we describe and examine the factors associated with women's use of private and government health facilities for childbirth. More women gave birth at private facilities located in the settlements than at government facilities, and one-third of the women gave birth at home or with the assistance of a traditional birth attendant. In multivariate models, women's education, ethnic group, and household wealth were associated with institutional deliveries, especially in government hospitals. Residents in the more disadvantaged settlement were more likely than those in the better-off settlement to give birth in private facilities. In urban areas, maternal health services in both the government and private sectors should be strengthened, and efforts made to reach out to women who give birth at home. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | REFUGEES | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | HOUSEHOLDS | CHILDBIRTH | REFUGEE CAMPS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PRIVATE SECTOR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | HEALTH FACILITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health Services | Macroeconomic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341077 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Contraceptive failure with Depo-ProveraŽ [letter] Author: Bhathena R Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):130. Abstract: I have a concern regarding the recent case report where a 28-year-old woman was given a subsequent (second) injection of Depo-ProveraŽ by a practice nurse when she attended after 13 weeks, and when no precautions were advised, nor documentation done. The patient subsequently again reported with a positive pregnancy test and opted for a termination of pregnancy. My personal feeling is that although by and large consultation times are often too short for practising doctors to cover all aspects of counselling at all times, when a patient is using a contraceptive method outside the terms of the product licence, to ensure that optimal service is offered and also in view of the remote possibility of litigation following failure of the method, it should be mandatory for the practising doctor to also get involved and appropriately counsel, and to adequately document such an episode. (full-text) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PHYSICIANS | NURSES AND NURSING | DEPO-PROVERA | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | ABORTION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | COUNSELING | TIME FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postconception | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education Document Number: 330946 Notification |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Twenty or thirty microgram ethinyloestradiol in an oral contraceptive: Does it make a difference in the mind and the daily practice of gynaecologists and general practitioners? Author: Bitzer J; Frey B; von Schonau M; Sabler N; Tschudin S Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jun 5;:1-10. Abstract: Objectives Currently, evidence-based guidelines concerning the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) containing either 20 or 30 mug ethinyloestradiol (EE) and the same progestogen, are lacking. We wanted to identify whether Swiss gynaecologists and general practitioners (GPs) have specific criteria on which they base their prescribing habit. Methods Two questionnaires were submitted to 158 physicians. The first one contained a list of possible criteria relevant for decision making and a description of specific clinical situations. The second one concerned actual patients who received either a 20 mug (Yasminelle(R)) or a 30 mug (Yasmin(R)) OC containing the same progestogen drospirenone. Results The most relevant criteria for decision making (in hierarchical order) were family history of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), headache, smoking, age beyond 35, stability of the menstrual cycle, breast tenderness, body mass index, irregular bleeding and acne. The 20 mug dosage was preferred for women older than 35, those smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day, those with a family history of VTE, and those complaining of breast tenderness or headache. The 30 mug dosage was preferred for patients with a history of irregular bleeding, a family history of osteoporosis, expected poor compliance and acne. Conclusion Swiss gynaecologists and GPs do not preferentially prescribe the lowest possible dosage of EE. They use indirect markers they consider relevant for differential prescribing. For some markers, there is inconsistency, indicating that preferences for 20 mug and 30 mug preparations may be influenced by other factors. Language: English Keywords: SWITZERLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | PHYSICIANS | WOMEN | CLIENTS | DECISION MAKING | TOBACCO USE | HEADACHE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | THROMBOEMBOLISM | AGE FACTORS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Developed Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Embolism | Vascular Diseases | Population Characteristics | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 341601 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Involving pharmacists in sexual health research: experience from an emergency contraception study. Author: Black K; Anderson C; Kubba A; Wellings K Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jan;35(1):41-3. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Community pharmacists are expanding their sphere of activity within primary health care, increasing their role not only in health care but also research. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the challenges encountered in carrying out a pilot study of women obtaining emergency hormonal contraception through different providers, including pharmacies, highlighting deficiencies in understanding and experience of the research process, which impacted on the study in substantial ways. CONCLUSIONS: As pharmacists expand their role, training and professional development will need to be enhanced to support them in their contribution to health care and research. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | PHARMACISTS | EDUCATION | HOME CARE | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | SEX EDUCATION | HEALTH | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Contraception | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Care and Support | Health Services | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Technology | Economic Factors Document Number: 329636 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Rural Gambian women's reliance on health workers to deliver sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as recommended intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy. Author: Brabin L; Stokes E; Dumbaya I; Owens S Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:25. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of most anti-malarial medications is restricted during pregnancy, but two doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine are recommended after the first trimester as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). In The Gambia, only 32% of women receive two doses and very little research has been conducted on women's awareness of drug safety during pregnancy. The objective of this paper was to assess whether rural Gambian women were aware of the importance of the timing of the two-dose IPT dose schedule and its relevance to drug safety. METHODS: This was a qualitative study in which 41 interviews and 16 focus group discussions with women, adolescents, men and traditional birth attendants were conducted. A generic qualitative approach was used to generate a theory as to why women might not participate in IPTp as recommended. RESULTS: Although most women used calendar months to count their stage of pregnancy, these months did not correlate with their concept of foetal development. Foetal growth was described following Islamic tradition as water, clot, piece of meat and human being, although there was little consensus about the order or timing in which these stages occurred. Common signs and conditions of malaria were known. Women were anxious about miscarriage and recognized that some medicines should not be taken in the first trimester, but were urged by men and traditional birth attendants to attend for antenatal care in the first trimester to "start treatment." General knowledge about the purpose of pregnancy medications and when they should be taken was poor among both men and women. One important result was that women relied entirely on health workers to provide safe drugs, at the correct time. CONCLUSION: Women did not have relevant information to judge the safety and appropriate timing of pregnancy drugs, which made them over-reliant on health workers. They should be encouraged to date their own pregnancies in culturally relevant terms and to anticipate when and which medications they should receive. Language: English Keywords: GAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | MEN | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | MALARIA PREVENTION | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | INFORMATION | KNOWLEDGE | TREATMENT | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 330897 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: AIDS and the stigma of sexual promiscuity: Thai nurses' risk perceptions ofoccupational exposure to HIV. Author: Chan KY; Rungpueng A; Reidpath DD Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):353-368. Abstract: This paper examines the culturally shaped meanings of AIDS and perceptions of accidental occupational exposure to HIV among a group of twenty nurses in Bangkok, Thailand. The findings are based on data collected as a part of a larger mixed-methods study that examined how perceptions of risk behaviours (including sexual promiscuity) shape health workers' perceptions of patients living with HIV/AIDS. Nurses' narratives revealed that despite acknowledgement of the low probability of occupational exposure to HIV, the fear of HIV infection remained and was largely driven by the enormity of the anticipated social (rather than the health) consequences of being HIV-positive. The perceived certainty of social ostracism was reinforced by participants' observations of the social rejection experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS both within and outside clinical settings. For female nurses, the dominant social perception that women living with HIV/AIDS were violators of gender norms, and thus 'guilty' victims, was an issue central to their self-identities. Ways of improving care for people living with HIV in the light of the nurses concerns and future research are discussed. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | NURSES AND NURSING | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STIGMA | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | PERCEPTION | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 341088 |
| 18. Title: HIV stigma and nurse job satisfaction in five African countries. Author: Chirwa ML; Greeff M; Kohi TW; Naidoo JR; Makoae LN; Dlamini PS; Kaszubski C; Cuca YP; Uys LR; Holzemer WL Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2009 Jan-Feb;20(1):14-21. Abstract: This study explored the demographic and social factors, including perceived HIV stigma, that influence job satisfaction in nurses from 5 African countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of nurses (n = 1,384) caring for patients living with HIV infection in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, and Tanzania. Total job satisfaction in this sample was lower than 2 comparable studies in South Africa and the United Kingdom. The Personal Satisfaction subscale was the highest in this sample, as in the other 2. Job satisfaction scores differed significantly among the 5 countries, and these differences were consistent across all subscales. A hierarchical regression showed that mental and physical health, marital status, education level, urban/rural setting, and perceived HIV stigma had significant influence on job satisfaction. Perceived HIV stigma was the strongest predictor of job dissatisfaction. These results provide new areas for intervention strategies that might enhance the work environment for nurses in these countries. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | NURSES AND NURSING | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SATISFACTION | MANAGEMENT | STIGMA | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 330878 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Trends in prenatal care settings: Association with medical liability. Author: Coco AS; Cohen D; Horst MA; Gambler AS Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul 22;9(1):257. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Medical liability concerns centered around maternity care have widespread public health implications, as restrictions in physician scope of practice may threaten quality of and access to care in the current climate. The purpose of this study was to examine national trends in prenatal care settings based on medical liability climate. METHODS: Analysis of prenatal visits in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1997 to 2004 (N = 21,454). To assess changes in rates of prenatal visits over time, we used the linear trend test. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was developed to determine characteristics associated with visits made to hospital outpatient departments. RESULTS: In regions of the country with high medical liability (N = 11,673), the relative number, or proportion, of all prenatal visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments increased from 11.8% in 1997-1998 to 19.4% in 2003-2004 (p < .001 for trend); the trend for complicated obstetrical visits (N = 3,275) was more pronounced, where the proportion of prenatal visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments almost doubled from 22.7% in 1997-1998 to 41.6% in 2003-2004 (p = .004 for trend). This increase did not occur in regions of the country with low medical liability (N = 9,781) where the proportion of visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments decreased from 13.3% in 1997-1998 to 9.0% in 2003-2004. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a shift in prenatal care from obstetrician's offices to safety net settings in regions of the country with high medical liability. These findings provide strong indirect evidence that the medical liability crisis is affecting patterns of obstetric practice and ultimately patient access to care. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | PHYSICIANS | HIGH RISK WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | ANTENATAL CARE | MEDICAL LIABILITY | OBSTETRICS | PHYSICIAN'S OFFICE | HOSPITALS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HEALTH INSURANCE | TITLE 19 MEDICAL ASSISTANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Medicine | Health Facilities | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Public Assistance | Grants Document Number: 342287 |
| 20. Title: Perinatal mortality and morbidity in a nationwide cohort of 529,688 low-risk planned home and hospital births. Author: de Jonge A; van der Goes BY; Ravelli AC; Amelink-Verburg MP; Mol BW; Nijhuis JG; Bennebroek Gravenhorst J; Buitendijk SE Source: BJOG. 2009 Aug;116(9):1177-84. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare perinatal mortality and severe perinatal morbidity between planned home and planned hospital births, among low-risk women who started their labour in primary care. DESIGN: A nationwide cohort study. SETTING: The entire Netherlands. POPULATION: A total of 529,688 low-risk women who were in primary midwife-led care at the onset of labour. Of these, 321,307 (60.7%) intended to give birth at home, 163,261 (30.8%) planned to give birth in hospital and for 45,120 (8.5%), the intended place of birth was unknown. METHODS: Analysis of national perinatal and neonatal registration data, over a period of 7 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for differences in baseline characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intrapartum death, intrapartum and neonatal death within 24 hours after birth, intrapartum and neonatal death within 7 days and neonatal admission to an intensive care unit. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between planned home and planned hospital birth (adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals: intrapartum death 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37), intrapartum death and neonatal death during the first 24 hours 1.02 (0.77 to 1.36), intrapartum death and neonatal death up to 7 days 1.00 (0.78 to 1.27), admission to neonatal intensive care unit 1.00 (0.86 to 1.16). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that planning a home birth does not increase the risks of perinatal mortality and severe perinatal morbidity among low-risk women, provided the maternity care system facilitates this choice through the availability of well-trained midwives and through a good transportation and referral system. Language: English Keywords: NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | PERINATAL MORTALITY | CHILDBIRTH | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | RISK FACTORS | MATERNAL AGE | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Parental Age | Age Factors Document Number: 342276 |
| 21. Title: HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa. Author: Delobelle P; Rawlinson JL; Ntuli S; Malatsi I; Decock R; Depoorter AM Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2009 May;65(5):1061-73. Abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of nurses in the largely black and rural Limpopo Province of South Africa. BACKGROUND: Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion, coupled with ambivalent attitudes in caring for patients with HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of primary health care (PHC) (n = 71) and hospital nurses (n = 69) was carried out in 2005, using a questionnaire, focus groups and in-depth interviews. FINDINGS: Hospital nurses reported a higher frequency of care for patients with HIV/AIDS (P < 0.05), but less HIV/AIDS training when compared to PHC nurses (P < 0.001). HIV/AIDS knowledge was moderately adequate and associated with professional rank, frequency of care and training (P < 0.001). Attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS were mainly positive and were statistically significantly correlated with HIV/AIDS knowledge (P < 0.01) and training (P < 0.05). Three out of four nurses reported that they practised universal precautions (76.1%), but fear of occupational HIV transmission and lack of injection safety was found. Seven in 10 nurses reported previous needlestick injuries, but postexposure prophylaxis was not available in all healthcare facilities. Participants reported a higher workload because of HIV/AIDS, lack of training impacting negatively on their work, and stigma and shared confidentiality affecting them emotionally.CONCLUSION: There is a need for accelerated HIV/AIDS training of rural nurses and for wider implementation of universal precautions and postexposure prophylaxis availability in public health facilities in southern Africa. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | NURSES AND NURSING | STAFF ATTITUDE | KNOWLEDGE | BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PERCEPTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 342073 |
| 22. Title: [Czech model for decrease of maternal mortality in Uganda] Cesky model pro snizeni materske umrtnosti v Ugande. Author: Donat J Source: Casopis Lekaru Ceskych. 2009;148(7):338-41. Abstract: High maternal and perinatal mortality is the leading problem of the health care in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. The main condition for decrease of maternal mortality is availability of an emergency obstetrical care in hospital accompanied by skilled team of specialists (gynaecologist, anaesthesiologist, paediatrician), which are able to treat all obstetrical complications and provide an intensive care to risk newborns. The Czech Hospital and School for midwives in Uganda was founded and build with the aim to accomplish a grant project for the decrease of maternal, perinatal and child mortality. Our project to connect emergency obstetrical care in hospital to villages and traditional delivery attendants by mobile phones shows a simple and original model, which can help to decrease maternal mortality in Uganda and in the other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa as well. The Czech-Uganda Hospital started its work on 19th February 2007 with a team of Slovak doctors; however, till now, after 2 years of work, it doesn't fulfil its role of a specialised obstetrical department, which would be able to join its partners in villages and start the grant project for decrease of maternal and perinatal mortality. Language: Czech Keywords: UGANDA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PERINATAL MORTALITY | EMERGENCY SERVICES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Eastern | Africa | Developing Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Health Personnel Document Number: 342652 |
| 23. Title: Radiology services for children in HIV- and TB-endemic regions: scope for greater collaboration between radiologists and clinicians caring for children. Author: Dramowski A; Morsheimer MM; Frigati L; Schaaf HS; Rabie H; Sorour G; Cotton MF Source: Pediatric Radiology. 2009 Jun;39(6):541-4. Abstract: There is limited literature documenting the interaction between radiologists and clinicians caring for children, especially in regions where HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are endemic. The dual burden of these diseases in resource-limited settings creates unique challenges for radiographic interpretation and utilization. This review aims to heighten awareness of issues confronting radiologists and clinicians caring for children and to encourage greater collaboration between these two disciplines in HIV- and TB-endemic regions. The Child-Friendly Healthcare Initiative is discussed, emphasizing opportunities to promote child friendliness in radiology services. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | PHYSICIANS | HIV INFECTIONS | TUBERCULOSIS | CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | TECHNOLOGY | PRIVACY | STANDARDS | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Communication | Economic Factors | Behavior | Research Methodology Document Number: 342187 |
| 24. Title: A survey of mothers' comfort discussing contraception with infant providers at well-child visits. Author: Fagan EB; Rodman E; Sorensen EA; Landis S; Colvin GF Source: Southern Medical Journal. 2009 Mar;102(3):260-4. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mothers feel comfortable with their infants' providers discussing contraception with them at their infants' well-child checks. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 114 mothers presenting at a community family medicine residency program for well-child visits among infants up to 17 months old. RESULTS: Almost all mothers (87%) felt comfortable talking with their infants' providers about contraception and were likely to accept the advice of their infants' providers to see their own doctors regarding contraception (83%) or to use a prescription from their infants' providers for contraception (75%). CONCLUSION: Many mothers miss or delay their postpartum visits but see their infants' doctor multiple times within the first year. Mothers are comfortable talking with infant providers about contraception. By discussing contraception with mothers at well-child visits, physicians may encourage mothers to use contraception and prevent unintended pregnancies. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MOTHERS | INFANT | CLINICS | PHYSICIANS | CLINIC VISITS | CONTRACEPTION | POSTPARTUM | INFORMATION | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Personnel | Service Statistics | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Puerperium | Reproduction | Health Services Document Number: 330896 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Potential role of traditional birth attendants in neonatal healthcare in rural southern Nepal. Author: Falle TY; Mullany LC; Thatte N; Khatry SK; LeClerq SC; Darmstadt GL; Katz J; Tielsch JM Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2009 Feb;27(1):53-61. Abstract: The potential for traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to improve neonatal health outcomes has largely been overlooked during the current debate regarding the role of TBAs in improving maternal health. Randomly-selected TBAs (n=93) were interviewed to gain a more thorough understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding maternal and newborn care. Practices, such as using a clean cord-cutting instrument (89%) and hand-washing before delivery (74%), were common. Other beneficial practices, such as thermal care, were low. Trained TBAs were more likely to wash hands with soap before delivery, use a clean delivery-kit, and advise feeding colostrum. Although mustard oil massage was a universal practice, 52% of the TBAs indicated their willingness to consider alternative oils. Low-cost, evidence-based interventions for improving neonatal outcomes might be implemented by TBAs in this setting where most births take place in the home and neonatal mortality risk is high. Continuing efforts to define the role of TBAs may benefit from an emphasis on their potential as active promoters of essential newborn care. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | COMMUNITY WORKERS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | NEONATAL MORTALITY | PERCEPTION | CHILDBIRTH | INTERVENTIONS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Geographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Infant Mortality | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331129 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: The effect of changes in health sector resources on infant mortality in the short-run and the long-run: a longitudinal econometric analysis. Author: Farahani M; Subramanian SV; Canning D Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009;68:1918-1925. Abstract: While countries with higher levels of human resources for health typically have better population health, the evidence that increases in the level of human resources for health leads to improvements in population health is limited. We use a dynamic regression model to obtain estimates of both the short-run and long-term effects of changes in physicians per capita, our measure of health system resources, on infant mortality. Using a dataset of 99 countries at 5-year intervals from 1960-2000, we estimate that increasing the number of physicians by one per 1000 population (roughly a doubling of current levels of provision) decreases the infant mortality rate by 15% within 5 years and by 45% in the long-run with half the long-run gain being achieved in 15 years. We conclude that the long-run effects of heath system resources are substantially larger than previously estimated. Our results suggest, however, that countries that have delayed action on the Millennium Development Goal of reducing infant andchild mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015 (relative to 1990) may have difficulty meeting this goal even if they rapidly increase resources now. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | PHYSICIANS | HUMAN RESOURCES | INFANT MORTALITY | HEALTH SERVICES | CHANGES | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 340203 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Evaluating nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol for HIV-infected mothers: The Ban Study in Lilongwe, Malawi. Author: Ferguson YO; Eng E; Bentley M; Sandelowski M; Steckler A; Randall-David E; Piwoz EG; Zulu C; Chasela C; Soko A; Tembo M; Martinson F; Tohill BC; Ahmed Y; Kazembe P; Jamieson DJ; van der Horst C Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Apr;21(2):141-55. Abstract: A process evaluation of nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV-infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse. Analysis included calculating a percent adherence to checklists and conducting a content analysis for the observation and interview data. Nurses were implementing the protocol at an average adherence level of 90% or above. Although not detailed in the protocol, nurses appropriately counseled mothers on their actual or intended formula milk usage after weaning. Results indicate that nurses implemented the protocol as designed. Results will help to interpret the BAN Study's outcomes. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | NURSES AND NURSING | MOTHERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | IMPLEMENTATION | COUNSELING | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | COMMUNICATION | USER COMPLIANCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Breastfeeding | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Behavior Document Number: 341680 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Do women increase their use of reproductive health care when it becomes more available? Evidence from Indonesia. Author: Frankenberg E; Buttenheim A; Sikoki B; Suriastini W Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):27-38. Abstract: Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used to investigate the impact of a major expansion in access to midwifery services on women's use of antenatal care and delivery assistance. Between 1991 and 1998, Indonesia trained some 50,000 midwives, placing them in poor communities that were distant from health-care centers. We analyze information from pregnancy histories to relate changes in the choices that individual women make across pregnancies to the arrival of a trained midwife in the village. We show that regardless of a woman's educational level, the placement of village midwives in communities is associated with significant increases in women's receipt of iron tablets and in their choices about care during delivery-changes that reflect their moving away from reliance on traditional birth attendants. For women with relatively low levels of education, the presence of village midwives has the additional benefit of increasing use of antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. The results of the study suggest that bringing services closer to women can change their patterns of use. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | COMMUNITY WORKERS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | CHILDBIRTH | WOMEN'S HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | DECISION MAKING | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Primary Health Care | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services Document Number: 341081 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Do women increase their use of reproductive health care when it becomes more available? Evidence from Indonesia. Author: Frankenberg E; Buttenheim A; Sikoki B; Suriastini W Source: Studies In Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):27-38. Abstract: Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used to investigate the impact of a major expansion in access to midwifery services on women's use of antenatal care and delivery assistance. Between 1991 and 1998, Indonesia trained some 50,000 midwives, placing them in poor communities that were distant from health-care centers. We analyze information from pregnancy histories to relate changes in the choices that individual women make across pregnancies to the arrival of a trained midwife in the village. We show that regardless of a woman's educational level, the placement of village midwives in communities is associated with significant increases in women's receipt of iron tablets and in their choices about care during delivery--changes that reflect their moving away from reliance on traditional birth attendants. For women with relatively low levels of education, the presence of village midwives has the additional benefit of increasing use of antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. The results of the study suggest that bringing services closer to women can change their patterns of use. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | WOMEN | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | ANTENATAL CARE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341338 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Depo-Provera and skeletal health: reviewing the evidence; developing and disseminating a consensus [editorial] Author: Guilbert ER; Kaunitz AM Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):165-6. Abstract: Since the approval of injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA, Depo-ProveraŽ) in the United States in 1992 and Canada in 1997 and the subsequent "black box" warnings in both countries, DMPA has been the object of more than a hundred publications, including many focusing on its impact on bone mineral density. Apart from these scientific publications, articles in the Canadian lay media have raised concerns, potentially influencing clinician behavior and women's contraceptive choices and usage. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | PHYSICIANS | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | SKELETAL EFFECTS | PEER REVIEW | OSTEOPOROSIS | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Usage | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Physiology | Biology | Evaluation Document Number: 341130 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |