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Title: Male circumcision: a cancer prevention strategy?
Source: Lancet Oncology. 2009 May;10(5):431.
Abstract: Given that less than 20% of males are circumcised in many developing countries, and that male circumcision is relatively simple and reduces viral infection, might this practice be more widely used as a preventive measure against cancer? In developing countries, male circumcision could have a vital role in specific segments of the population depending on the answers to specific scientific and infrasturcture related questions. Discussions around male circumcision strategies should be encouraged within the context of cancer prevention, and these should include local communities alongside assessments of current capacities, measurable targets, cost analyses and modelling, and the development of practicable guidelines, so as to place male circumcision within the possible options available for disease prevention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREVALENCE | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HIV PREVENTION | STANDARDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Neoplasms | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 341199

Title: Family Health International's Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI).
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2009]. [3] p. (Research Briefs on HIV Prevention)
Abstract: Successful HIV prevention research requires the participation of tens of thousands of women and men at risk for HIV infection. Ultimately, success hinges on the development of multiple international research sites. To increase the number and readiness of such sites, Family Health International (FHI) began the Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI) in July 2006.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | ASIA | PROGRESS REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | HIV PREVENTION | INCIDENCE | NEEDS | USAID | GOALS | STANDARDS | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331712

Title: Human resources for health: Tools and publications.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2009 Mar. [2] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00)
Abstract: The USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, fosters an enabling policy environment for improved health, especially HIV, family planning / reproductive health, and maternal health programs. Having adequate human resources is essential for scaling up and sustaining effective, accessible, high-quality health programs. To help ensure human resources, the project assists program planners to estimate human resource and training needs; identifies policy reforms to enable task-shifting and better workforce recruitment, training, and distribution; and mobilizes a multisectoral response by strengthening HIV-related human resources in workplaces, NGOs, and networks of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The project has also designed a Stigma Index that measures stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and behaviors among healthcare providers, highlighting an area that must be addressed by provider training initiatives. This flyer lists the project's computer models and publications on strengthening HIV-related human resource capacity.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | WORKERS | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | POLICY | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Social Problems
Document Number: 331545

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Title: Integrating multiple gender strategies to improve HIV and AIDS interventions: a compendium of programs in Africa.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. AIDS Support and Technical Resources [AIDSTAR-One]
Source: Washington, D.C., International Center for Research on Women [ICRW], 2009 May. [220] p. (USAID Contract No. GHH-I-00-07-00059-00)
Abstract: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) AIDSTAR-One project created this compendium of selected HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa that integrate multiple gender strategies. Featured programs address at least two of the following gender strategies: 1) reducing violence and sexual coercion; 2) addressing male norms and behaviors; 3) increasing women's legal protection; and 4) increasing women's access to income and productive resources. The compendium describes each of the 31 selected programs, and synthesizes trends and findings to provide initial insights on using multiple gender strategies in HIV programming, including how strategies are employed together, where gaps exist, and what lessons and experiences are common across programs. Though not meant to be exhaustive, the compendium represents the depth and breadth of current HIV programming that includes multiple gender strategies. Overall, we found that many innovative programs exist in sub-Saharan Africa and that implementers are successfully integrating multiple gender approaches into HIV programs. Program implementers report numerous benefits of combining gender strategies, including ensuring project salience and relevance, extending project reach, and reflecting the multiple, interrelated needs of beneficiaries. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | HIV PREVENTION | INCOME GENERATION PROGRAMS | TREATMENT | CARE AND SUPPORT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | GENDER ISSUES | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM DESIGN | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | POLICY | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors
Document Number: 331479

12.

Title: The long wait: reproductive health care in Haiti.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. Research and Training Institute, Inc.
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, Research and Training Institute, Inc., 2009. 22 p.
Abstract: The reproductive health status of Haiti's communities contributes to a life expectancy of 62.8 years for women in comparison to 75.5 years in neighboring Dominican Republic or 80.8 years for women in the U.S. According to Haiti's 2005-2006 Demography Health Survey, 37.5% of women have unmet family planning needs. Additionally, youth and rural area residents report greater unmet needs for family planning than the national average. Unmet family planning contributes to a high total fertility rate of 4.79 (5 in rural versus 2.8 in urban areas), a high infant morality (57 deaths per 1000 live births) and the highest maternal mortality rate in the western world-630 deaths per 100,000 live births. These alarming RH indicators prompted a team from JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. (JSI) to visit Haiti in January 2009. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify gaps in the availability and accessibility of comprehensive RH services including: Safer motherhood and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Family planning, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention, care and support, Gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, care and support, and Adolescent-focused RH programming for each of the above RH components. 2) to identify community-level responses and opportunities for strengthening the quality and availability of comprehensive RH services. This report presents the findings of this assessment.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341307

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Title: Building support for orphans and vulnerable children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: We provide solid scientific evidence about programs targeting orphans and vulnerable children to help governments and communities provide better care for these children in need. The Council�s studies apply innovative research techniques to address complex issues about providing care and services to children affected by HIV. The Council�s evaluation of the RAPIDS intervention has highlighted the effectiveness of program activities and valuable lessons for program managers and providers. A mid-term evaluation in 2007 showed important progress, such as more help with school books, uniform fees, and transportation and improvements in school attendance among vulnerable children. Results from the 2009 data collection promise to provide further guidance to program managers on how to ensure the greatest impact with available resources. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | MANAGEMENT | INFORMATION | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331493

17.

Title: Helping mothers keep their babies safe from HIV.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: The Population Council's evaluation of m2m provided solid evidence that the program was helping women use services to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. An innovative program, mothers2mothers (m2m), was created in South Africa to support HIV-positive pregnant women. The program trains and employs HIV-positive mothers who have used services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. These "mentor mothers" organize health talks and conduct regular support groups for their peers. They also reach out to the community to help women follow feeding practices that are best for their baby. They promote safer sex and family planning, and encourage mothers to return for HIV treatment and to bring their baby to the clinic for HIV testing. Women who participated in m2m were more likely to talk about their HIV status with friends and family members, to receive drugs to reduce the chance that their baby would be infected with HIV, and to follow recommended infant feeding practices. Following the evaluation, the program has expanded to hundreds of other locations in South Africa and beyond to Lesotho, Zambia, Kenya, Rwanda, Malawi, and Swaziland -- providing hope and care to HIV-positive mothers across Africa.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INFANT NUTRITION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PARTICIPATION | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | COUNSELING | TREATMENT | NEEDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Nutrition | Health | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331490

18.

Title: Increasing HIV testing for at-risk children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: The Caregiver Project is helping HIV-positive children access life-saving medical treatment and providing an outreach model that can be replicated across Africa. The project trains grandmothers (called �grannies") to serve as peer supporters for elderly caregivers. The grannies provide information about pediatric HIV testing and treatment to elderly caregivers who come to Social Security Agency sites to get grants for social services for children and the elderly. Grannies offer caregivers referral cards that list the locations of pediatric testing services and encourage them to take the children to be tested. The Caregiver Project is targeting an important gateway to accessing these children, the elderly caregivers, and motivating caregivers to seek care through age-appropriate resources. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARE AND SUPPORT | PROMOTION | HIV TESTING | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 331491

19.

Title: Overcoming barriers to treatment for children.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: Only 11 percent of HIV-positive children eligible for treatment in Kenya receive life-saving therapy. Through surveys, group discussions, and interviews with families and health workers, Council researchers identified barriers that prevent parents and caregivers from seeking treatment for HIV-infected children. Applying its research findings, the Council and the government of Kenya are supporting community-awareness activities to educate and assist caregivers, inform them of available services, and reduce stigma. The Council is also working with health facilities to improve counseling, support, and outreach services, and to provide Kenya's government with recommendations for improving pediatric HIV services so HIV-positive children across the country receive life-saving treatment. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | OBSTACLES | TREATMENT | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 331492

20.

Title: A strategic approach: HIV & AIDS and education.
Author: UNAIDS. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education
Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2009 May. 53 p. Also available: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001627/162723f.pdf (French) and http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001627/162723s.pdf (Spanish).
Abstract: This publication provides a strategic vision of the role that education must play in addressing HIV and AIDS. It targets decision-makers and practitioners in the education sector, as well as colleagues who work on HIV and AIDS responses in other sectors. It can be used as an advocacy tool to build commitment to the role of education in the HIV and AIDS response and to generate multisectoral partnerships for implementation.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | EDUCATION | AIDS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | SCHOOLS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | HIV TESTING | HEALTH EDUCATION | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342035

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Title: Celebrating life: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 2009 Annual Report to Congress.
Author: United States. Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator
Source: Washington, D.C., Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 2009. 64 p.
Abstract: The fifth Annual Report celebrates life. In countless communities around the world, through partnerships with the American people, courageous individuals in nations devastated by HIV/AIDS are choosing life, saving the lives of their fellow countrymen and women, and creating hope for a future free of HIV/AIDS. Through the power of these partnerships, the American people and the dedicated men and women in nations devastated by HIV/ AIDS have proven that the seemingly impossible is possible.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ANNUAL REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | TREATMENT | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | INTERVENTIONS | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Programs | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 328418

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Title: mHealth for development: The opportunity of mobile technology for healthcare in the developing world.
Author: Vital Wave Consulting
Source: Washington, D.C., United Nations Foundation, 2009. 66 p.
Abstract: Mounting interest in the field of mHealth -- the provision of health-related services via mobile communications -- can be traced to the evolution of several interrelated trends. In many parts of the world, epidemics and a shortage of healthcare workers continue to present grave challenges for governments and health providers. Yet in these same places, the explosive growth of mobile communications over the past decade offers a new hope for the promotion of quality healthcare. Among those who had previously been left behind by the 'digital divide,' billions now have access to reliable technology. There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the potential of mobile communications to radically improve healthcare services -- even in some of the most remote and resource-poor environments. This report examines issues at the heart of the rapidly evolving intersection of mobile phones and healthcare. It helps the reader to understand mHealth's scope and implementation across developing regions, the health needs to which mHealth can be applied, and the mHealth applications that promise the greatest impact on heath care initiatives. It also examines building blocks required to make mHealth more widely available through sustainable implementations. Finally, it calls for concerted action to help realize mHealth's full potential. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PUBLIC HEALTH | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | EDUCATION | AWARENESS | DATA COLLECTION | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | DISEASE PREVENTION | TECHNOLOGY | TREATMENT | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | DRUGS | HIV TESTING | HIV PREVENTION | Health | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Training Programs | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 331450

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Title: Sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages: evidence review and recommendations.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]; University of California, San Francisco. Global Health Sciences
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2009 Apr. [8] p.
Abstract: The importance of linking sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV is widely recognized. The international community agrees that the Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved without ensuring universal access to SRH and HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness, optimal circumstances, and best practices for strengthening SRH and HIV linkages, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The findings corroborate the many benefits gained from linking SRH and HIV policies, systems and services. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | HIV PREVENTION | FAMILY PLANNING | MATERNAL HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CHILD HEALTH | MANAGEMENT | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | STIGMA | BEHAVIOR | FEES | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | INTERVENTIONS | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Social Problems | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331466

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Title: Integrating gender into HIV / AIDS programmes in the health sector: Tool to improve responsiveness to women�s needs.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Department of Gender, Women and Health
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2009. [130] p.
Abstract: This hands-on WHO tool helps programme managers and health-care providers in the public and private sectors integrate gender into HIV / AIDS programmes they wish to set up, implement and evaluate so they are more responsive to women's needs. In addition to describing basic steps in gender-responsive programming, which can be applied to all HIV / AIDS programmes, the tool suggests practical actions to address key gender issues in four service delivery areas: HIV testing and counseling; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; HIV / AIDS treatment and care; Home-based care and support for people living with HIV. The tool also provides examples of gender-responsive interventions from the field, and resources such as: counseling role plays for risk reduction and HIV treatment adherence; examples of gender-sensitive communication messages; and protocols for addressing the risk of violence among women as a result of HIV status disclosure.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | NEEDS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HOME CARE | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | HIV | Care and Support | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control
Document Number: 331798

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Title: Risk factors associated with low CD4+ lymphocyte count among HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria.
Author: Abimiku A; Villalba-Diebold P; Dadik J; Okolo F; Mang E; Charurat M
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 20;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 200 cells/mm(3) or lower in HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria. METHOD: A cross-sectional data analysis from a prospective cohort of 515 HIV-positive women attending a prenatal clinic. Risk of a low CD4+ count was estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 200 cells/mm(3) or lower (280+/-182 cells/mm(3)) were recorded in 187 (36.3%) out of 515 HIV-positive pregnant women included in the study. Low CD4+ count was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-95.53), lack of condom use (aOR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.12-23.8), history of genital ulcers (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.12-2.82), and history of vaginal discharge (aOR; 1.62; 1.06-2.48). CONCLUSIONS: Over 35% of the HIV-positive pregnant women had low CD4+ counts, indicating the need for treatment. The findings underscore the need to integrate prevention of mother-to-child transmission with HIV treatment and care, particularly services for sexually transmitted infections.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREGNANT WOMEN | HEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | RISK FACTORS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Health | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 341452

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Title: Prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children: expanding the toolbox [editorial]
Author: Abzug MJ; Pelton SI
Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 Apr 15;199(8):1109-11.
Abstract: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a threat to HIV-infected children, adolescents, and adults in both developed and emerging nations. In the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, Mao et al. identified a cumulative incidence of 6.1 cases per 100 patient-years through age 7 years among HIV-infected children in Massachusetts, a rate 100-300-fold that seen in HIV-uninfected immunocompetent children in the United States. Similarly, Westwood et al. reported an IPD rate of 13 cases per 100 patient-years in Capetown, South Africa, a large proportion of which were lower respiratory tract infections. With widespread use of HAART in the United States, the rate of pneumococcal bacteremia declined by 80%, to 1.9 cases per 100 patient-years; this residual rate still remained at least 10-fold greater than that among HIV-uninfected children, and children who suffered an episode of pneumococcal bacteremia were more likely to die during follow-up than were HIV-infected children without an episode. These data identify the need to protect HIV-infected children from infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, even in populations treated with HAART. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MASSACHUSETTS | SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CHILDREN | ADULTS | ADOLESCENTS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DISEASE PREVENTION | VACCINES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV | Prevention and Control | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341354

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Presentation and survival of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in Jos, Nigeria.
Author: Agaba PA; Sule HM; Ojoh RO; Hassan Z; Apena L; Mu'azu MA; Badung B; Agbaji OO; Idoko JA; Kanki P
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Jun;20(6):410-3.
Abstract: AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We describe the pattern of presentation and survival in Jos, Nigeria. We identified 48 HIV-positive patients with AIDS-KS and matched them for age and sex with an equal number of HIV-positive patients without AIDS-KS. We compared their clinical, immunological, virological characteristics and survival. They were similar in age and body mass index profile but patients with AIDS-KS had more tuberculosis co-infection (P, 0.02), lower median CD4 count (P, 0.003) and higher mortality (P, 0.002). Surprisingly, patients with AIDS-KS had lower levels of median viral load (29,347 copies/mL) compared with controls (80,533 copies/mL). We recommend specific AIDS-KS therapy in addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy in order to improve survival.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | AIDS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | LIFE EXPECTANCY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 342440

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Peer Reviewed

Title: PMTCT, HAART, and childbearing in Mozambique: an institutional perspective.
Author: Agadjanian V; Hayford SR
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S103-S112.
Abstract: Maternal and Child Health (MCH) units, where VCT/PMTCT/HAART have been integrated with traditional services, play a critical role in the connection between the massive HAART rollout and reproductive behavior. In this article, we use data from semi-structured interviews with MCH workers and ethnographic observations carried out in southern Mozambique to explore this role from the institutional perspective. We find that, along with logistical and workload problems, the de facto segregation of PMTCT/HAART clients within the �integrated� MCH system and the simplistic and uncompromising message discouraging further fertility and stressing condom-based contraception may pose serious challenges to a successful formulation and implementation of reproductive goals among seropositive clients. Although the recency of PMTCT/HAART services may partly explain these challenges, we argue that they are due largely to cultural miscommunication between providers and clients. We show how the cultural gap between the two is bridged by community activists and peer interactions among clients.
Language: English
Keywords:
MOZAMBIQUE | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | SUPPORT GROUPS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | INTERVIEWS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | HIV | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Primary Health Care | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 341906

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Home-based care for people living with HIV/AIDS in Plateau State, Nigeria: findings from qualitative study.
Author: Agbonyitor M
Source: Global Public Health. 2009;4(3):303-12.
Abstract: As health-care services in Nigeria and other African countries are becoming overstrained with patients, home-based care has increasingly been touted as a possible solution. The faith-based organisation, Gospel Health and Development Services, provides a home-based care programme for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) residing in Plateau State, Nigeria. This paper assesses the challenges that PLWHA in the programme faced while maintaining their health and livelihoods. The frustrations that volunteers endured in performing their work are also described, as well as the benefits and weaknesses of the programme from the perspective of PLWHA and their volunteer caregivers. Focus groups and interviews were done with 30 PLWHA and 22 volunteers to learn about their experiences with the home-based care programme and possible areas for its improvement. From these discussions three major challenges facing PLWHA emerged: discrimination towards PLWHA; the lack of money, food, and transport to health-care centres; and the desire for closer antiretroviral drug access.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | VOLUNTEERS AND VOLUNTARISM | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | HOME CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TRANSPORTATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Care and Support | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Social Problems | HIV | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341391


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