| 1. Peer Reviewed Title: Do women increase their use of reproductive health care when it becomes more available? Evidence from Indonesia. Author: Frankenberg E; Buttenheim A; Sikoki B; Suriastini W Source: Studies In Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):27-38. Abstract: Data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey are used to investigate the impact of a major expansion in access to midwifery services on women's use of antenatal care and delivery assistance. Between 1991 and 1998, Indonesia trained some 50,000 midwives, placing them in poor communities that were distant from health-care centers. We analyze information from pregnancy histories to relate changes in the choices that individual women make across pregnancies to the arrival of a trained midwife in the village. We show that regardless of a woman's educational level, the placement of village midwives in communities is associated with significant increases in women's receipt of iron tablets and in their choices about care during delivery--changes that reflect their moving away from reliance on traditional birth attendants. For women with relatively low levels of education, the presence of village midwives has the additional benefit of increasing use of antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. The results of the study suggest that bringing services closer to women can change their patterns of use. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | WOMEN | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | ANTENATAL CARE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341338 |
| 2. Title: Mothers' community participation and child health. Author: Nobles J; Frankenberg E Source: Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2009 Mar;50(1):16-30. Abstract: We use rich data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey to assess the relationship between mothers' access to social capital via participation in community activities and their children's health. We exploit the advantages of longitudinal data and community fixed effects to mitigate some of the concerns about spuriousness and reverse causality that predominate in this literature. We find that children from families with relatively low levels of human and financial capital fare better with respect to health status when their mothers are more active participants in community organizations. In fact, the association between maternal participation and child health is strong and positive only for children from relatively disadvantaged backgrounds, as measured by their mothers' educational and household economic resources. The results suggest that in poorer settings community involvement may benefit disadvantaged families, possibly by providing resources and information that would otherwise be inaccessible. Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | MOTHERS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | HUMAN CAPITAL | CHILD HEALTH | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Organization and Administration | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Health | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 341532 |
| 3. Title: Integrating research into policy and programmes. Examples from the Jamaican experience. Author: Ashley DE; McCaw-Binns A Source: West Indian Medical Journal. 2008 Dec;57(6):555-61. Abstract: Research into selected health problems across the life cycle are discussed with respect to the application and impact of the findings on policy, programme development and health outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on health research that focussed on the perinatal period, the young child and adolescent, the epidemics of chronic diseases and violence and the linkage between health and tourism. The lessons learnt over more than two decades of practice in the field of public health from conducting research aimed at developing an indigenous evidence base for policies and programmes in Jamaica are summarized. Language: English Keywords: JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | CHILDREN | DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | PUBLIC HEALTH | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | POLICY | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Health | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Technology | Economic Factors Document Number: 342424 |
4.  Title: Rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Author: de Sherbinin A; VanWey LK; McSweeney K; Aggarwal R; Babbieri A Source: Global Environmental Change. 2008 Feb;18(1):38-53. Abstract: This paper reviews and synthesizes findings from scholarly work on linkages among rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Using the livelihood approach as an organizing framework, we examine evidence on the multiple pathways linking environmental variables and the following demographic variables: fertility, migration, morbidity and mortality, and lifecycles. Although the review draws on studies from the entire developing world, we find the majority of microlevel studies have been conducted in either marginal (mountainous or arid) or frontier environments, especially Amazonia. Though the linkages are mediated by many complex and often context-specific factors, there is strong evidence that dependence on natural resources intensifies when households lose human and social capital through adult morbidity and mortality, and qualified evidence for the influence of environmental factors on household decision-making regarding fertility and migration. Two decades of research on lifecycles and land cover change at the farm level have yielded a number of insights about how households make use of different land-use and natural resource management strategies at different stages. A thread running throughout the review is the importance of managing risk through livelihood diversification, ensuring future income security, and culture-specific norms regarding appropriate and desirable activities and demographic responses. Recommendations for future research are provided. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | RURAL POPULATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | LIVELIHOOD | AGRICULTURE | ENVIRONMENT | FERTILITY CHANGES | MIGRATION | MORBIDITY | MORTALITY | NATURAL RESOURCES | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Resources | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility | Diseases Document Number: 325787 |
5.  Title: Association between number of siblings and cause-specific mortality in the Glasgow alumni cohort study. Author: Galobardes B; McCarron P; Jeffreys M; Smith GD Source: European Journal of Epidemiology. 2008 Feb;23(2):89-93. Abstract: In the Glasgow University Alumni cohort, students with no siblings experienced higher respiratory disease mortality. This risk diminished after accounting for potential confounders. We did not find strong evidence of an association with all cause, coronary heart disease, stroke or stomach cancer mortality. Number of siblings is a proxy for other exposures and exploring its association with specific disease outcomes can help disentangle some of the pathways relating early life exposures to adult mortality. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SCOTLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | CAUSES OF DEATH | MORTALITY DETERMINANTS | SIBLINGS | RISK FACTORS | LIFE CYCLE | Developed Countries | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Biology | Family Research Document Number: 324658 |
| 6. Title: The importance of being mature: The effect of demographic maturation on global per capita GDP. Author: Gomez R; de Cos PH Source: Journal of Population Economics. 2008 Jul;21(3):589-608. Abstract: Given that savings behavior and worker productivity have strong life-cycle components and given that demographic profiles vary across countries, population age structure should be linked to differences in levels of economic development. In this paper, we measure the economic importance of age structure variation for the global economy. We find that demographic maturation has been associated with neatly half of the evolution of global per capita GDP since 1960. We also find that age structure differences can account for just over half of the variation in worldwide per capita GDP (i.e. the lack of sigma convergence) observed since 1960. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | AGE FACTORS | POPULATION GROWTH | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SAVINGS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 326923 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: The changing relationship between family size and educational attainment over the course of socioeconomic development: Evidence from Indonesia. Author: Maralani V Source: Demography. 2008 Aug;45(3):693-717. Abstract: Many studies from developed countries show a negative correlation between family size and children's schooling, while results from developing countries show this association ranging from positive to neutral to negative, depending on the context. The body of evidence suggests that this relationship changes as a society develops, but this theory has been difficult to assess because the existing evidence requires comparisons across countries with different social structures and at different levels of development. The world's fourth most populous nation in 2007, Indonesia has developed rapidly in recent decades. This context provides the opportunity to study these relationships within the same rapidly developing setting to see if and how these associations change. Results show that in urban areas, the association between family size and children's schooling was positive for older cohorts but negative for more recent cohorts. Models using instrumental variables to address the potential endogeneity of fertility confirm these results. In contrast, rural areas show no significant association between family size and children's schooling for any cohort. These findings show how the relationship between family size and children's schooling can differ within the same country and change over time as contextual factors evolve with socioeconomic development. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | FAMILY SIZE | CHILDREN | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | URBAN AREAS | RURAL AREAS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL CHANGE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Geographic Factors Document Number: 327987 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Longitudinal community studies in Africa: challenges and contributions to health research. Author: Mbacke CS; Phillips JF Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. Dec;23(3):23-38. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss the contributions of longitudinal community studies to health research in Africa as well the challenges faced by the scientists and decision makers who rely o them to guide health policy and practice. The authors begin with an overview of the DSS concept and turn to a discussion of the history of its use in sub-Saharan Africa, the contribution of this legacy to the science of demographic surveillance and the technical challenges that are motivating DSS methodological initiatives in Africa. Particular attention is devoted to the emergence and function of the INDEPTH Network an international network of DSS sites involved in demographic and health research; the network is based in Accra. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | DATA ANALYSIS | MANAGEMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | ETHICS | POVERTY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | HEALTH | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | Developing Countries | Organization and Administration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Family Research | Family and Household Document Number: 331320 |
| 9. Title: Household bargaining over fertility: Theory and evidence from Malaysia. Author: Rasul I Source: Journal of Development Economics. 2008 Jun;86(2):215-241. Abstract: We develop and test a model of household bargaining over fertility when transfers between spouses are possible. The model makes precise how the fertility preferences of each spouse translate into fertility outcomes. We show this depends on whether or not spouses can commit to their future actions within marriage. If couples bargain with commitment, fertility outcomes take account of both spouses' fertility preferences and do not depend on the threat point in marital bargaining. If couples bargain without commitment, the influence of each spouse's fertility preference on fertility outcomes depends on the relevant threat point in marital bargaining, and the distribution of bargaining power. We test the models using household data from the Malaysia Family Life Survey. This data set contains information on each spouse's desired fertility level, as well as fertility outcomes. We exploit differences in threat points in marital bargaining across ethnic groups to help identify the underlying bargaining model. The evidence suggests couples bargain without commitment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | DECISION MAKING | CONFLICT RESOLUTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Political Factors Document Number: 327040 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Risk preferences and the timing of marriage and childbearing. Author: Schmidt L Source: Demography. 2008 May;45(2):439-460. Abstract: The existing literature on marriage and fertility decisions pays little attention to the roles played by risk preferences and uncertainty. However, given uncertainty regarding the availability of suitable marriage partners, the ability to contracept, and the ability to conceive, women's risk preferences might be expected to play an important role in marriage and fertility timing decisions. By using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), the author finds that measured risk preferences have a significant effect on the timing of both marriage and fertility. Highly risk-tolerant women are more likely to delay marriage, consistent with either a search model of marriage or a risk-pooling explanation. In addition, risk preferences affect fertility timing in a way that differs by marital status and education, and that varies over the life cycle. Greater tolerance for risk leads to earlier births at young ages, consistent with these women being less likely to contracept effectively. In addition, as the subgroup of college-educated, unmarried women nears the end of their fertile periods, highly risk-tolerant women are likely to delay childbearing relative to their more risk-averse counterparts and are therefore less likely to become mothers. These findings may have broader implications for both individual and societal well-being. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | RISK ASSESSMENT | DECISION MAKING | MARRIAGE AGE | FERTILITY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | MARITAL STATUS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | LIFE CYCLE | TIME FACTORS | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Behavior | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors Document Number: 308649 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Women: More than mothers. Source: Lancet. 2007 Oct 13;370(9595):1283. Abstract: 20 years ago, the Safe Motherhood Initiative was launched by WHO and others to help reduce the severe global burden of pregnancy-related illness and death. Sadly, today, most of that burden remains unchanged. Over 300 million women in the developing world suffer from illness brought about by pregnancy and childbirth; nearly 536 000 die each year. Additionally, newborn babies whose mothers die in childbirth are three to ten times more likely to die within 2 years than those whose mothers survive. It is disappointing that little progress has been made to halt these largely preventable deaths. On Oct 18-20, 2007, to mark the initiative's 20th anniversary, the Women Deliver conference in London, UK, aims to reflect on the immense challenges faced by women and their families. This week's issue of The Lancet includes research and policy articles that should inform discussion and action that flows from the conference. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | POLICYMAKERS | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | ABORTION | CHILD SURVIVAL | HEALTH POLICY | LIFE CYCLE | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Survivorship | Length of Life | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Family and Household Document Number: 321855 Notification |
| 12. Title: Discrimination from conception to childhood: a study of girl children in rural Haryana, India. Author: Agrawal S; Unisa S Source: In: Watering the neighbour's garden: The growing demographic female deficit in Asia, edited by Isabelle Attane and Christophe Z. Guilmoto. Paris, France, Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography [CICRED], 2007. :247-266. "Chapters in this volume originate from papers presented at an international seminar organized by the authors in Singapore on 5-7 December 2005". Abstract: The authors investigated both qualitative and less explored factors that can influence child sex ratio. In this study, the made use of the ecological model of gender discrimination developed by Heise (1998). As a first dimension in gender discrimination study, consideration of the individual perpetrator, i.e., the woman who has witnessed or experienced discrimination, marital violence or child abuse in her childhood. The diversity of synergistic effects that impinge on childhood is often ignored by social scientists. Here, the authors argue that their attention to a mother must start not once she has become a mother, neither when she is just about to become a mother, but when she was an infant and a child, as what happened to her during her own childhood may eventually determine the adequacy of her physical and mental state as a mother. Another dimension of gender discrimination examined in this study relates to marital conflicts, wealth control and decision-making in the family. Most of the time, it is found that women's fertility is culturally produced and controlled by marital arrangement. Hence, the importance of married life in demographic analysis cannot be ignored as women spend a major part of their life in marital union and their behaviour is greatly influenced by its characteristics. Studies on marital instability in some developing countries show that the presence of a son in the family consistently decreases the likelihood of marital instability. In this study, the authors posit that the various spheres of women's autonomy may affect their reproductive behaviour and sex preferences. Education, work participation, and exposure to mass media are some of the means by which women gains status and autonomy. It has often been argued that women's status is an indicator of the level of development of a given society. Women's autonomy is likely to have a significant impact on demographic and health seeking behaviour of couples by altering women's relative control over fertility and contraception as well as influencing their attitudes and abilities. In the above perspective, the present study tries to investigate sex-selective discrimination in terms of active and passive elimination of a girl child through life-cycle approach. The specific purpose of the study is to examine female child neglect leading to death (passive elimination) and selective abortion (active elimination) according to childhood experiences, autonomy status and marital instability of the mothers. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | CENSUS METHODS | KAP SURVEYS | CHILD, FEMALE | RURAL POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEX PREFERENCE | SEX PRESELECTION | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SEX RATIO | DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY | ABORTION | LIFE CYCLE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Census | Population Statistics | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Family Research | Family and Household Document Number: 308903 Notification |
| 13. Title: Population, land use change, and changing fortunes of migrant settler households in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Author: Bilsborrow RE; Barbieri AF; Torres-Navarrete B Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 38 p. Abstract: The Northern Ecuadorian Amazon, the principal region of colonization of migrants in Ecuador since the 1970's, has been experiencing major changes in recent years, including a growing rapidly population, fragmentation of agricultural plots, changes in land use, and increased off-farm employment, all of which are affecting farm household incomes and well-being. This paper draws on research based on data from a longitudinal survey of migrant settlers gathered in 1990 and 2000 by the University of North Carolina and collaborators in Ecuador. Based on detailed data, we estimate farm household incomes, show the components of on-farm and off-farm incomes, and estimate Gini coefficients for both land distribution and household income. We consider factors responsible for changes in household income but do not estimate a formal model. The paper has sections on data collection, methodology for estimating household income, results, and implications for policy and further research. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ECUADOR | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | POPULATION | IMMIGRANTS | HOUSEHOLDS | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | AGRICULTURE | LAND TENURE | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | EMPLOYMENT | INCOME | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Theoretical Models | Migrants | Migration | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Rural Development Document Number: 317829 |
| 14. Title: Ethnic-based nuptial regimes and marriage behavior in Indonesia. Author: Buttenheim AM; Nobles J Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [7] p. Abstract: In this study we use a unique dataset from Indonesia to examine the association between ethnic nuptial regimes and observed behaviors for adults born 1951-1980. Using reports from traditional law ("adat") experts, we compare expectations for age at marriage and post-marriage residence with actual marriage behaviors. We first test whether the ethnic-based norms for traditional age of marriage are associated with marriage hazard, and whether this association has changed over time. We then evaluate whether the expectation of residence with either the bride's or the groom's family after marriage is associated with the likelihood that the couple will live with either family after the wedding. We also test whether this association has changed over time. In both analyses we examine the role of education in mediating the relationship between ethnic norms and marriage behavior. Indonesia has experienced rapid increases in educational attainment since the 1960s. This increase in exposure to secondary education in particular may be an important source of ideational change that attenuates the importance of adat norms for couples making marriage decisions. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ALLIANCE INDEXES | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | MEASUREMENT | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | NUPTIALITY | MARRIAGE | BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Research Methodology Document Number: 317743 |
| 15. Title: Gender shapes adolescence. Author: Buvinic M; Guzman JC; Lloyd CB Source: Development Outreach. 2007 Jun;:[9] p. Abstract: Sex and gender differences emerge most sharply with the onset of puberty, affecting the life trajectories of girls and boys in profoundly different ways. This is especially so in developing societies which have been less exposed to the gender equalizing forces of development and where local cultures prescribe very different social and economic roles for men and women. With a few but growing exceptions, in these societies adolescent girls are at an initial disadvantage when compared to adolescent boys; this disadvantage influences the nature and level of opportunity, agency, and second chances available to adolescents, and calls for greater policy and program efforts targeted to adolescent girls, to equalize outcomes for both genders. Puberty signals the potential of motherhood for girls. In some societies this potential is actualized quickly, and girls are married young, often with the support and encouragement of parents who see that early marriage is in their daughter's and the family's best interest. Their adolescence is, therefore, cut short and their life trajectory is narrowed to fulfilling traditional gender roles. In less restrictive societies, or when family restrictions fail, and where adolescents have little access to modern contraception, schooling and early work experiences for adolescent girls can be compromised through premature pregnancy. Many empirical studies find that childbearing or marriage often coincides with the end of schooling for girls. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | GENDER ISSUES | SEX FACTORS | PUBERTY | LIFE CYCLE | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | CULTURE | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | WOMEN'S STATUS | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Reproduction | Family Research | Family and Household | Biology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 320278 |
| 16. Title: Puberty and the education of girls. Author: Cavanagh SE; Riegle-Crumb C; Crosnoe R Source: Social Psychology Quarterly. 2007 Jun;70(2):186-198. Abstract: This study extends previous research on the social psychological implications of pubertal timing to education by applying a life course framework to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and from the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study. Early pubertal timing, which has previously been associated with major social psychological changes in girls' lives during middle school, predicted girls' grade point average and probability of course failure at the start of high school. Because of this initial failure during the high school transition, it also predicted their probability of dropping out of high school, and, among those who graduated, their grade point average at the end of high school. Such research demonstrates one way in which the immediate social psychological risk of early pubertal timing, measured as the age at menarche, translates into long-term disadvantage for girls, thereby opening up new avenues of research for social psychologists interested in youth development, health, and education. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PUBERTY | TIME FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | LIFE CYCLE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 320812 |
| 17. Title: Demographic change and future carbon emissions in China and India. Author: Dalton M; Jiang L; Pachauri S; O'Neill BC Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 25 p. Abstract: This paper investigates whether projected changes in the demographic characteristics of Chinese and Indian households over the next century could have a substantial influence on consumption, economic growth, energy demand, and carbon dioxide emissions. We use new household projections for China and India that model changes in population size, urbanization, and the size and age structure of households over the next 100 years. The initial economic characteristics of different household types, including demand for consumer goods, supplies of labor, and capital, are estimated from household surveys and production data for each country. A global energy-economic growth model simulates economic growth as well as changes in consumption of various goods, direct and indirect energy demand, and carbon emissions over time. Effects of demographic change are compared under different scenarios that include technical change. Results show that explicit consideration of urbanization leads to a substantial increase in projected emissions, while aging leads to a decrease. The net effect of demographic change is to increase projected emissions from China by 45% by the end of the century, and from India, by 15-35%. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | HOUSEHOLDS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION PROJECTION | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION | URBANIZATION | POPULATION SIZE | PRODUCTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Asia, Southern | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Population | Theoretical Models | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Environmental Degradation | Environment | Family Research | Estimation Techniques | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 317828 |
| 18. Title: Research issues in sexual and reproductive health for low- and middle-income countries. Author: de Francisco A; Dixon-Mueller R; d'Arcangues C Source: Geneva, Switzerland, Global Forum for Health Research, 2007. 68 p. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to outline a conceptual framework and a number of thematic and cross-cutting research issues in sexual and reproductive health as a first step in a consultative process towards the identification of gaps and priorities for research in this field. The information contained here depicts the complexity of the field of sexual and reproductive health and proposes that research in this area needs to be tackled using a multidisciplinary spectrum of approaches encompassing basic - biomedical, epidemiological, social - science, behavioural and policy and health systems research. The intended audience of this document are those who will be engaged in this collective process of formulating a global priority research agenda, such as representatives of international health and development agencies; government health, education and planning ministries; foundations; nongovernmental organizations; research institutes and researchers; academic programs; the private sector; and international and national health research networks, many of whom are already familiar with most of the policy, programmatic, and research issues raised here. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | INEQUALITIES | LIFE CYCLE | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | HEALTH POLICY | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Research Methodology | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 326310 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: De-standardization of family-life trajectories of young adults: A cross-national comparison using sequence analysis. Author: Elzinga CH; Liefbroer AC Source: European Journal of Population. 2007 Oct;23(3-4):225-250. Abstract: We introduce a number of new methods based on sequence analysis to test hypotheses on the de-standardization of family-life trajectories in early adulthood, using Fertility and Family Survey data on 19 countries. Across cohorts, family-life trajectories of young adults have not become more turbulent. However, in most countries family-life trajectories of young adults have become less similar to one another and the variation in the types of family-trajectories has increased. Contrary to expectations, no clear differences in de-standardization were observed between countries characterized by a social-democratic welfare-state regime and countries characterized by either liberal or conservative welfare-state regimes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | YOUTH | ADULTS | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 313904 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Growth trajectories of sexual risk behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Author: Fergus S; Zimmerman MA; Caldwell CH Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2007 Jun 1;97(6):1096-1101. Abstract: Adolescence and young adulthood (ages 18-25 years) are periods of development and change, which include experimentation with and adoption of new roles and behaviors. We investigated longitudinal trajectories of sexual risk behaviors across these time periods and how these trajectories may be different for varying demographic groups. We developed multilevel growth models of sexual risk behavior for a predominantly African American sample (n=847) that was followed for 8 years, from adolescence to young adulthood. We investigated differences in growth parameters by race/ethnicity and gender and their interactions. The final model included linear and quadratic terms for both adolescence and young adulthood, indicating acceleration of sexual risk behaviors during adolescence and a peak and deceleration during young adulthood. African American males exhibited the highest rate of sexual risk behavior in ninth grade, yet had the slowest rate of growth. Compared with their White peers, African American males and females exhibited less sexual risk behavior during young adulthood. Our results suggest that youths of different races/ethnicities and genders exhibit varying sexual risk behavior trajectories. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | YOUTH | BLACKS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | LIFE CYCLE | SEX FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Behavior | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 316675 |
| 21. Title: Effects of age shift on the tempo and quantum of non-repeatable events. Author: Inaba H Source: Mathematical Population Studies. 2007 Jul;14(3):131-168. Abstract: Effects of age shift on the tempo and quantum of non-repeatable demographic events are examined. The purpose is to develop a period index theory based on the survival model and to provide a mathematically consistent interpretation of Bongaarts and Feeney's tempo adjustment arguments. The survival model for non-repeatable events is introduced. In the time-inhomogeneous case, three types of period survival models are considered. McKendrick equation is used to formulate the risk population dynamics. The tempo and quantum indices for three period survival models are computed when the period age shift occurs for the hazard, the incidence, and the survival rates. Bongaarts and Feeney's tempo adjustment arguments are consistently based on the scenario of the period age shift on the survival rate, and they give translation formulae between period indices without referring to cohort. Traditional demographic translation formulae between cohort and period indices are reviewed to clarify differences between cohort- and period-oriented translation procedures. (author's) Language: English Keywords: JAPAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | VITAL STATISTICS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | INCIDENCE | POPULATION AT RISK | REVERSE SURVIVAL METHOD | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | AGE FACTORS | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | POPULATION GROWTH | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Population Statistics | Theoretical Models | Measurement | Estimation Techniques | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 321173 |
| 22. Title: A "lineage" matrix population model of the Rendille of northern Kenya. Author: Kang M; Engineer M Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [23] p. Abstract: The Rendille tribe of Northern Kenya is an "age-group society" in which cohorts of similarly aged males known as "age sets" are organized along periodic lines of descent. This paper develops a matrix population model that reveals the genealogical dynamics inherent in the Rendille social organization. The rules governing marriage as they relate to lineage considerations substantially reduce the size and the growth rate of the population; they also induce periodicity in the demographics, and dramatically favour one of the age-set lines. More generally, the analysis suggests that matrix population modeling is a powerful tool for analyzing the social dynamics of age-group societies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | GENEALOGIES | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION | POPULATION SIZE | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POPULATION DYNAMICS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Estimation Techniques | Age Distribution | Age Factors Document Number: 318536 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: From slogan to service delivery. Author: Kerber KJ; de Graft-Johnson JE; Bhutta ZA; Okong P; Starrs A Source: Lancet. 2007 Oct 13;370(9595):1358-1369. Abstract: The continuum of care has become a rallying call to reduce the yearly toll of half a million maternal deaths, 4 million neonatal deaths, and 6 million child deaths. The continuum for maternal, newborn, and child health usually refers to continuity of individual care. Continuity of care is necessary throughout the lifecycle (adolescence, pregnancy, childbirth, the postnatal period, and childhood) and also between places of caregiving (including households and communities, outpatient and outreach services, and clinical-care settings). We define a population-level or public-health framework based on integrated service delivery throughout the lifecycle, and propose eight packages to promote health for mothers, babies, and children. These packages can be used to deliver more than 190 separate interventions, which would be difficult to scale up one by one. The packages encompass three which are delivered through clinical care (reproductive health, obstetric care, and care of sick newborn babies and children); four through outpatient and outreach services (reproductive health, antenatal care, postnatal care and child health services); and one through integrated family and community care throughout the lifecycle. Mothers and babies are at high risk in the first days after birth, and the lack of a defined postnatal care package is an important gap, which also contributes to discontinuity between maternal and child health programmes. Similarly, because the family and community package tends not to be regarded as part of the health system, few countries have made systematic efforts to scale it up or integrate it with other levels of care. Building the continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health with these packages will need effectiveness trials in various settings; policy support for integration; investment to strengthen health systems; and results-based operational management, especially at district level. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | CHILDREN | INFANT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD SURVIVAL | LIFE CYCLE | PUBLIC HEALTH | ANTENATAL CARE | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health Services | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning Document Number: 321880 |
| 24. Title: Child mortality and injury in Asia: policy and programme implications. Author: Linnan M; Giersing M; Linnan H; Cox R; Williams MK Source: Florence, Italy, UNICEF, Innocenti Research Centre, 2007 Oct. [24] p. (Innocenti Working Paper No. IWP-2007-07Special Series on Child Injury No. 4) Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the findings of the national and subnational surveys on child injury in this series and discusses implications of the results for child health policy and programmes. The principal finding is that injury has been largely unrecognized as a leading cause of child death. This is largely because the previous estimates of child mortality causality were unable to include injury due to technical issues. The surveys provide convincing evidence that injury is a leading cause of child death after infancy and that the types of injury vary with the age group of the child. Similar convincing evidence shows that injury is a leading cause of serious morbidity and permanent disability in children and that the types of injury with these outcomes also vary with the age of the child. The implications discussed are (1) an effective measure of child mortality needs to be developed to include all ages of childhood; (2) prevention of mortality and serious morbidity from injury in childrenwill require a life-cycle approach; (3) continued progress on child survival programming in children under five years of age will require injury reductions; (4) since drowning is the single injury cause responsible for about half of all injury deaths, targeting it for reduction would be an efficient strategy; and (5) there are efficient strategies for targeting other subtypes of child injury as well. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CHILDREN | ASIANS | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES | CAUSES OF DEATH | CHILD SURVIVAL | LIFE CYCLE | Health | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Family Research | Family and Household Document Number: 326761 |
| 25. Title: "Generations" in forced migration: Towards greater clarity. Author: Loizos P Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2007 Jun;20(2):193-209. Abstract: This paper considers some of the existing uses of the concept of 'generation' as applied in the context of forced migration research. It focuses on an analysis of two little known classics and argues in favour of a renewed interest in the relevance of the concept as an analytical tool. It suggests that conceptual rigour is a prerequisite to undertaking empirical research, particularly in the context of studying long term patterns of adaptation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | CLASSIFICATION | PERIOD ANALYSIS | REFUGEES | GENERATIONS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | TIME FACTORS | LIFE CYCLE | SOCIAL CHANGE | GENEALOGIES | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research Document Number: 319036 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among urban dwellers in southwest Ethiopia. Author: Mengistu A; Gebre-Selassie S; Kassa T Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2007;21(1):12-17. Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infections cause serious public health problem in Ethiopia. They are more prevalent in the poor segments of the population with low household income, poor handling of personal and environmental sanitation, overcrowding and limited access to clean water. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude and pattern of intestinal parasitism in urban communities of southwest Ethiopia. This community-based, cross-sectional study was undertaken in Jimma town from October 2004-January 2005. Study subjects were selected using systematic sampling method. Data were gathered through house to house survey using standardized questionnaire. Stool specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasite eggs, cysts and trophozoites using direct saline thin smear and formol-ether concentration methods. Of the total, 754 (83%) had one or more intestinal parasitic infections. T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides and S. mansoni were detected in single infection in 124 (16.4%), 44 (5.8%) and 11 (1.5%) of the infected study subjects, respectively. Polyparasitism was found in 515 (56.7%) of the total examined. Up to 5 parasites were detected in some individuals. T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides, hookworm and S. mansoni constituted 102 (13.5%), 33 (4.3%) and 17 (2.2%) of the double infections, respectively. H. nana and S. mansoni predominantly affected males than females (P<0.05). The prevalence of Giardia trophozites and H. nana were significantly higher in pre-school children than other age groups (P<0.05). Higher proportions of teenagers were infected by A. lumbricoides and S. mansoni. Taeniasis was also dominant in teenagers. Intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent in the study area. Public education on how to handle personal hygiene and proper use of latrines should be given to reduce the prevalence of infection. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | URBAN POPULATION | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | PARASITIC DISEASES | HYGIENE | NEEDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Measurement | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Public Health | Health | Economic Factors Document Number: 323360 |
| 27. Title: Intergenerational relationships in cross-cultural perspective: Fertility, interaction and support. Author: Nauck B; Yi CC Source: Current Sociology. 2007 Jul;55(4):475-486. Abstract: This monograph issue comprises eight articles discussing various aspects of intergenerational relationships in Asian, European and American societies. The articles are organized along the developmental tasks of intergenerational relationships down through the family life cycle, starting with their creation ('fertility'), exploring various aspects of intergenerational 'interaction' and ending with 'support' for family members in later life stages. All the articles are based on empirical data, most are of large sample sizes or demographic register data, and quantitative methods have been employed to analyse intergenerational relationships from various perspectives. Geographically, this issue comprises studies from countries as culturally diverse as Japan and Taiwan from the Far East, Indonesia from Southeast Asia, Palestine and Turkey from the Near East, Germany from Central Europe and Mexico from Central America, together with data on the value of children to parents in South Korea, the People's Republic of China, India, South Africa, Ghana, Israel and the Czech Republic. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ASIA | EUROPE | AMERICAS | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | KINSHIP NETWORKS | FAMILY LIFE CYCLE | FERTILITY | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors | Family Research | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Family Characteristics Document Number: 318316 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual behavior in China: trends and comparisons. Author: Parish WL; Paumann EO; Mojola SA Source: Population and Development Review. 2007 Dec;33(4):729-756. Abstract: In 2000, the first national probability survey of adult sexual behavior in China was completed. We use these data to address three questions. First, has there been a revolution in sexual behavior in China? We examine eight trends covering two markers of change: a) the onset of sexual behavior (puberty, masturbation, age at first sex and marriage, premarital sex), and b) commodification of sex (use of pornographic materials and commercial sex) and concurrent sex. We present a historical overview of previous studies and analyze findings from the national survey. Second, is China unique in these transformations? We seek to situate findings pointing to a sexual revolution in China within a regional and global context, considering whether China is different or follows patterns similar to those in other parts of the world. Third, what are the implications of these findings for China's risk of a generalized HIV epidemic? As suggestive of possible future disease patterns, we examine results from urine samples for the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia trachomatis - a potential co-factor of HIV. Although sexual behavior retains some distinctly Chinese characteristics, our survey data demonstrate that a sexual revolution is occurring in China, reflected by the fact that the sexual behavior of the country's post open-door generation differs markedly from that of earlier generations. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | LITERATURE REVIEW | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | DATA ANALYSIS | FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS | SEX BEHAVIOR | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | FIRST INTERCOURSE | MARRIAGE AGE | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Biology Document Number: 323068 |
| 29. Title: Timing of childbearing and disability in older age. Author: Spence NJ Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [28] p. Abstract: I draw on a life course theoretical perspective to examine the relationship between fertility and later life well-being. Broadly, a life course approach suggests that women's childbearing experiences may have direct long-term implications or indirect effects through influences on social, economic, and health status mechanisms. However, the mechanisms linking childbearing-which may happen over a 30-year interval from the teenage years to early midlife-to health some 20 years later may vary according to reproductive patterns, comprised of factors such as: 1) when a woman began childbearing, 2) when a woman completed childbearing, and 3) how many children a woman had. Such factors may influence the extent to which childbearing interferes with the pursuit or the maintenance of social and economic status, and they may be associated with differential health implications in later life. This paper utilizes data from a nationally representative cohort of women aged 30-44 years old in 1967 in the United States to investigate the relationship between women's reproductive patterns and later life well-being, with attention to influences of early life and adult social and economic circumstances. Specifically, I examine the timing of first birth, parity, and age at last birth as they relate to physical disability among mothers in later life. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | WOMEN | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | PREGNANCY HISTORY | LIFE CYCLE | FIRST BIRTH | PARITY | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | DEPRESSION | AGE FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Research | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Mental Disorders | Diseases Document Number: 317383 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Domestic violence is associated with adult and childhood asthma prevalence in India. Author: Subramanian SV; Ackerson LK; Subramanyam MA; Wright RJ Source: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2007 Jun;36(3):569-579. Abstract: Little is known on the influence of stressful psychosocial circumstances in predicting asthma. We examine the link between asthma prevalence and domestic violence (DV) in a nationally representative sample of adults and children in India. Analyses were based on the 1998-99 cross-sectional nationally representative Indian National Family Health Survey administered in 92 486 households. Individual-level prevalence of asthma was the primary outcome for this study. Exposure to DV was based on women's self-report of DV. In adjusted models, women who experienced DV either recently or in the past were at greater risk of being asthmatic [odds ratio (OR) range 1.26-1.37], compared with those who did not report any abuse. In households where women reported to have experienced DV, asthma risk was higher for all individuals in those households (OR range 1.15-1.19). The association between household DV and individual risk for asthma was also observed in gender-stratified analysis, and also in age-stratified analysis, with strong association observed in age groups of under-five, 5-14, 15-24 and 25-44 years. We find a consistent association between being exposed to, and having experienced, DV and asthma prevalence. Stress-induced mechanisms, partially captured through violence and social circumstances, may be a critical explanatory link in furthering our understanding of the social disparities in asthma. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ASTHMA | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | PREVALENCE | AGE FACTORS | STRESS | LIFE CYCLE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Health | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Pulmonary Effects | Physiology | Biology | Behavior | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Family Research Document Number: 319030 |
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