1.  Title: Quick reference guide to family planning research. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, 2009 Jan. 51 p. (Research to Practice) Abstract: This document is a summary of research and program findings that FHI believes could improve family planning and reproductive health services if they were more widely incorporated into policies and programs. The following topics are covered: Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV through Family Planning; Integrating HIV Voluntary Testing and Counseling and Family Planning Services; Intrauterine Devices; Emergency Contraceptive Pills; Vasectomy; Male Condoms; Female Condoms; Standard Days Method; Eligibility Screening and Provider Checklists; Community-Based Services and Distribution; Youth (ages 10-24); Implants; Contraceptive Continuation; Male Circumcision and HIV; Contraceptive Counseling and Job Aids; Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancies; Postpartum Family Planning. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CATALOG | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | MALE CIRCUMCISION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | COUNSELING | YOUTH PROGRAMS | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | Research Methodology | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Contraception | Programs | Organization and Administration | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Contraceptive Usage | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Clinic Activities | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 331689 |
| 2. Title: Success story: Bangladesh averts a stock crisis with help from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Apr. [2] p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1) Abstract: In the fall of 2007, the Ministry of Health in Bangladesh faced a severe shortage of condoms in the public sector; countrywide stockouts were very likely. A shipment was underway, but despite negotiated contracts, the supplier made some last minute changes that were unacceptable to the Government of Bangladesh (GoB). While the GoB and the supplier continued to negotiate, the condom supply dwindled. December 2007 approached, and the condom stocks continued to go down. It soon became clear that negotiations with the supplier were not going to be resolved in time to head off a countrywide stockout of public sector condoms. As always, the Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP) and the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT jointly monitored the consumption and pipeline for public sector products; the project kept the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and other partners informed of the potential stock issues. The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, in discussions with DGFP and local stakeholders, pursued various options for alleviating this short-term problem, including moving up other procurement ship dates and borrowing supplies. These solutions, however, would not be enough to fill the gap in time. At this point, after the project alerted USAID to the potential stockout, they agreed to airlift 6 million condoms to Bangladesh-in time to prevent a stockout. The project worked closely with the DGFP, with USAID in Washington and in Dhaka, as well as with the Bangladesh Social Marketing Company (SMC) to get the condoms into the country and through the various tiers of the supply chain. SMC, a recipient of USAID-donated condoms, agreed to receive and clear the emergency condom donation-the shipment came into the country quickly, without any disruption. In just one month, Bangladesh had received the USAID-donated condoms in-country, and the condoms were on their way through the supply chain to the end user. This action successfully averted a full blown stockout and gave the government time to sort out issues with the supplier. The contract negotiation was eventually completed and the first shipment arrived in-country in March 2008. At the time of delivery, condoms were still available because fewer condoms than usual were distributed during the shortages. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPORTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Availability | Family Planning Program Administration | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 339992 |
| 3. Title: Voluntary population planning activities -- supplemental requirements (January 2009) [letter] Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Management. Office of Acquisition and Assistance Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, Bureau for Management, Office of Acquisition and Assistance, 2009 Jan 26. [5] p. Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to amend the Standard provisions of all grants and cooperative agreements involving any aspect of voluntary population planning activities and which contain the provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (May 2006). This provision is deleted and replaced by the new provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (January 2009) which removes the conditions relating to the Mexico City Policy that were set forth in the May 2006 version of the provision. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | STANDARDIZATION | GRANTS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INCENTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ABORTION LAW | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Adjustment | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 331346 Notification |
| 4. Title: Assessment of family planning services in Kenya: Evidence from the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey. Author: Agwanda A; Khasakhala A; Kimani M Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, MEASURE DHS, 2009 Jan. [51] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00Kenya Working Papers No. 4) Based on further analysis of the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey. Abstract: This study focused on factors associated with the readiness of Kenyan health facilities to provide quality and appropriate care to family planning clientele; the degree to which health care providers foster informed selection of an appropriate contraceptive method; and the extent to which clients perceive services to be of high quality. Data was obtained from the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment. The composite indicators scores for facility readiness were generally low and many facilities lacked simple items like visual aids, guidelines, towels, speculum, etc. There were marked differences in facility readiness by region, facility type, and managing authority. Provider service provision scores were generally high but the only important difference was by region. Client satisfaction was dependent on the facility type, managing authority, sex of the provider, and the waiting time to receive services. Clients were more likely to be satisfied with female rather than male providers. Clients were less satisfied in Nyanza, although the facilities were more ready with high-performing providers. In contrast, North Eastern Province had less ready facilities, but high client satisfaction and high provider performance. Health centre, clinics, and dispensaries need to be revamped to appropriate standards so as to include all basic elements of family planning service provision. North Eastern Province, with motivated workers, highly satisfied clients but poor facilities, deserves proper attention. Facilities in Nairobi need improvements in staff supervision and retraining. There is need to educate the clientele on the availability of appropriate services within the government facilities. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | HEALTH SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | EVALUATION INDEXES | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | PERCEPTION | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | SATISFACTION | SEX FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Family Planning Personnel | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 329890 |
5.  Title: Patterns and trends in adolescents' contraceptive use and discontinuation in developing countries and comparisons with adult women. Author: Blanc AK; Tsui AO; Croft TN; Trevitt JL Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):63-71. Abstract: Demographic and Health Survey data from more than 40 countries were used to examine the proportions of 15- to 19-year-old women who are currently married or are unmarried but sexually active; their rates of contraceptive adoption, current use, discontinuation, method switching and contraceptive failure; trends in these indicators; and comparisons with older women. In many countries, the proportion of adolescent women using contraceptives increased substantially over the last two decades. Prevalence among adolescents increased faster than among older women. Greater proportions of adolescents than of older women discontinued using a contraceptive method within a year or experienced contraceptive failure. The authors conclude that expanded demand for contraceptive supplies, services, and information can be expected to challenge the preparedness, capacity, and resources of existing family planning programs and providers. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN | OLDER ADULTS | AGE FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Population Characteristics | Adults | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 342143 |
| 6. Title: Acquiring allergen information from condom manufacturers: a questionnaire survey. Author: Blyumin ML; Rouhani P; Avashia NJ; Jacob SE Source: Dermatitis. 2009 May-Jun;20(3):161-70. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis from condoms is a problem that carries significant morbidity and that has been increasingly reported due to the use of condoms to prevent sexually transmitted diseases as well as for birth control. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the process by which condom manufacturing companies divulge product allergen information to health care professionals. METHODS: An interviewer-administered telephone questionnaire eliciting the staff member's knowledge of condom allergens was utilized. Eligible respondents were condom manufacturers' service staff over 18 years of age. RESULTS: Complete surveys were obtained regarding 36 (85.7%) of the 42 subtypes of condoms. Telephoning was the primary (75%) method of obtaining allergen information. The majority (63.9%) of the information was obtained within minutes to hours of the initial contact. Nearly two-thirds of the interviews evaluated the condom manufacturers' service staff as good and effective in their knowledge base and in providing product information. CONCLUSION: The study determined that the extent of knowledge, helpfulness, and effectiveness of the customer service personnel in relaying product allergen information to clinicians were generally good. The study additionally generated a reference table outlining the common allergens in major manufactured condoms. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | CONDOMS | ALLERGIC REACTION | DERMATITIS | INFORMATION | KNOWLEDGE | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Data Collection Document Number: 341311 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Social Network Influences on Male and Female Condom Use Among Women Attending Family Planning Clinics in the United States. Author: Choi KH; Gregorich SE Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Aug 21; Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Research has shown that social networks play an important role in determining health behaviors. However, little is known about their influence on male and female condom use among women. METHODS:: We analyzed data obtained from 157 sexually-active women who enrolled in the Female Condom Intervention Trial from June 2003 to November 2004 in Northern California and completed an audio computer-assisted self interview at baseline and 3-months. RESULTS:: At the 3-month assessment, the mean number of male and female "conversation" network members (i.e., nonspouse/sex partner people with whom respondents had discussed male and female condoms in the past 3 months) was 1.62 and 1.03, respectively. Results of multiple logistic regression analyses showed that male and female condom use was higher among women with at least 1 network member who encouraged using the male condom (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.52, 7.56) and the female condom (OR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.95, 18.61), respectively. Female condom use was also associated with having "dense" female condom conversation networks (i.e., at least 2 of respondents' network members knew one another; OR, 8.42; 95% CI, 3.05, 23.29). CONCLUSIONS:: The significant association between conversation network characteristics and male and female condom use suggests that more research is needed to better understand the role of conversation networks in affecting condom use among women. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | WOMEN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | CONDOM USE | FEMALE CONDOMS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Document Number: 342592 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Satisfaction and compliance in hormonal contraception: the result of a multicentre clinical study on women's experience with the ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch in Italy. Author: Crosignani PG; Nappi C; Ronsini S; Bruni V; Marelli S; Sonnino D; Study Group IE Source: BMC Women's Health. 2009 Jun 30;9(1):18. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: For many women finding the right contraceptive method can be challenging and consistent and correct use over a lifetime is difficult. Even remembering to take a birth control pill every day can be a challenge. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate women's experience with a weekly ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin contraceptive patch (EE/NGMN patch), given new technologies recently developed in hormonal contraception to increase women's options in avoiding daily dosing. METHODS: In 24 Italian sites, 207 women received the EE/NGMN patch for up to 6 cycles. At study end, overall satisfaction and preference, as well as compliance, efficacy and safety, were evaluated. RESULTS: 175 women (84.5%) completed the study. The overall satisfaction rate was 88%; convenience and once-a-week frequency of the patch were especially appreciated. At baseline, 82 women (39.4%) were using a contraceptive method, mainly oral contraceptives and barrier methods, but only 45.1% were very satisfied/satisfied; after 6 months with the patch, 86.3% of this subset was very satisfied/satisfied. Considering the method used in the 3 months before the study entry, 78.1% strongly preferred/preferred the patch, for convenience (53.9%), ease of use/simplicity (28.9%), fewer (9.2%) and less severe (2.6%) side effects. Compliance was very high: 1034/1110 cycles (93.2%) were completed with perfect compliance and the mean subject's compliance score was 90%. One on-therapy pregnancy occurred. The patch was safe and well tolerated: adverse events frequency was low, with predominantly single reports of each event. Most of them started and subsided during cycle 1. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the EE/NGMN patch is associated with high satisfaction levels and excellent compliance. At study end, the majority of women indicated that they would continue using the patch. Language: English Keywords: ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | SATISFACTION | USER COMPLIANCE | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Safety | Public Health | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 341863 |
| 9. Title: Mainstreaming early and exclusive breastfeeding for improving child survival. Author: Dadhich JP; Agarwal RK Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;46(1):11-7. Abstract: India is home to maximum number of under-five deaths and underweight children in the world. In 2006, for the first time, the number of children in the world dying before their fifth birthday fell below 10 million, to 9.7 million annually. South Asia's contribution to this figure was 3.1 million out of which 2.1 million deaths occurred in India i.e., 21 percent of the global burden of under five deaths. Most of these deaths occur during the neonatal period. A reduction in the number of deaths among the under-five children reflects the country's progress on the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 4). About 55 million, or one-third of the world's underweight children under the age of five years, live in India. Malnutrition has been estimated to be an underlying cause of up to 50-60 percent of under five deaths. The number of young underweight children reflects the country's progress on the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG 1), which deals with eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. In India, the average annual rate of decline in malnutrition has been around 0.9% since 1990. Considerably accelerated progress is needed for India to meet its MDG target of halving the percentage of underweight children by 2015. Despite breastfeeding's numerous recognized advantages, early and exclusive breastfeeding rates in most states of the India are low. There are many gaps in policy and programs related to infant and young child feeding in India. The big challenge is how to mainstream IYCF counseling and support interventions to help women to succeed both in early and exclusive breastfeeding. The rationale for supporting a major program to protect, promote and support breastfeeding action, backed by a budgetary support, is compelling for our country. Child health and development policies should urgently address this major concern. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | HEALTH SURVEYS | MOTHERS | INFANT | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | CHILD SURVIVAL | MALNUTRITION | BODY WEIGHT | TIME FACTORS | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | LONGTERM EFFECTS | INTELLIGENCE | HIV PREVENTION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Health | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Breastfeeding | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Physiology | Biology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control Document Number: 331250 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Insertion of intrauterine contraceptives immediately following first- and second-trimester abortions. Author: Drey EA; Reeves MF; Ogawa DD; Sokoloff A; Darney PD; Steinauer JE Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):397-402. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to assess the continuation and patient satisfaction with intrauterine contraception (IUC) insertion immediately after elective abortion in the first and second trimesters in an urban, public hospital-based clinic. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 256 women who elected to have insertion of a copper-T IUC (CuT380a) or a levonorgestrel-releasing IUC (LNG-IUC) were followed postoperatively by phone calls or chart review to evaluate satisfaction and continuation with the method. RESULTS: Of our 256 subjects, 123 had first-trimester abortions and 133 had second-trimester abortions (14 or more weeks). Median time to follow-up was 8 weeks (range 7-544 days). Nineteen discontinuations occurred: eight (6.5%, 95% CI 2.8-12.4%) following first-trimester and 11 (8.3%, 95% CI 4.2-14.3%) following second-trimester abortion (p=.6). Five women reported expulsion; one (0.8%, 95% CI 0.0-4.4%) in the first-trimester group and four (3.0%, 95% CI 0.8-7.5%) in the second-trimester group. (p=.4) Seven infections resulting in discontinuation occurred (2.7%, 95% CI 1.1-5.6%); none were positive for gonorrhea or chlamydia at time of insertion. No perforations occurred. Nearly all (93.8%) of the women were satisfied with IUC. Rates of satisfaction between women after first- and second-trimester abortions were equal. CONCLUSION: In an urban clinic, IUC has high initial continuation and high patient satisfaction when inserted immediately following either first- or second-trimester abortions. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | URBAN POPULATION | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | UTERUS | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | IUD, COPPER RELEASING | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | SATISFACTION | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | IUD EXPULSION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Family Planning Programs | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Usage | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents Document Number: 330942 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Effectiveness of contraceptive counselling of women following an abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Author: Ferreira AL; Lemos A; Figueiroa JN; de Souza AI Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Feb;14(1):1-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the effectiveness of contraceptive counselling in women undergoing an abortion and its impact on the acceptance and use of contraceptive methods. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing women who had undergone an abortion and received contraceptive counselling at that time met the inclusion criteria. Articles published between 1997 and 2007 were selected from searches of the LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and the quality of the trial. The internal validity of the RCTs was evaluated by means of the Jadad scale. A meta-analysis of the three retained studies involving 694 women was performed. The Stata 9.2 SE statistical software was used, and a level of significance of 0.05 adopted. RESULTS: There were no differences between intervention and control groups, despite clinical heterogeneity. The results of the meta-analysis were not significant (OR = 1.32; CI: 0.90-1.94). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence indicating that contraceptive counselling is effective in increasing acceptance and use of contraceptive methods after an abortion. This may not apply to developing countries, where the matter still needs to be investigated. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | WOMEN | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Family Planning Programs | Contraception | Decision Making | Behavior Document Number: 330347 |
| 12. Title: Optimizing the reproductive health supply chain: A user's guide to software. Author: Harrington L; Boyson S Source: [Brussels, Belgium], Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition, 2009 Feb. 53 p. Abstract: This guide provides in-country reproductive health (RH) supply chain managers and advisors with the information they need to make better informed decisions when they select technology / software with which to manage their RH supply chains. More specifically, the report is structured to help managers do the following: Understand the RH supply chain in terms of its three critical flows -- material, information, and funds; See exactly where and how (functionality) the six RH supply chain software applications studied in this research project map to these flows -- i.e., at what point in the RH supply chain does a particular software program play, and what functions does it perform at that point?; Determine exactly what individual functions the six RH supply chain applications perform; Determine the collective functionality capabilities of the six RH supply chain applications -- i.e., exactly what functions do the six applications perform when they are considered together; Understand what collective functions commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) supply chain applications perform -- to identify gaps that the six RH applications do not address, and to determine how the collective functionality of the six RH applications compare to that of the benchmark commercial off-the-shelf supply chain applications. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | COLD CHAIN | LOGISTICS | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 331478 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Serum levonorgestrel levels and endometrial thickness during extended use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Author: Hidalgo MM; Hidalgo-Regina C; Bahamondes MV; Monteiro I; Petta CA; Bahamondes L Source: Contraception. 2009 Jul;80(1):84-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a contraceptive method approved for five years of use. However, there is some evidence that its life span may be longer. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levonorgestrel (LNG) and estradiol (E(2)) levels and endometrial thickness every 6 months from 7 to 8 1/2 years after insertion. STUDY DESIGN: At the end of the approved 5-year life span, no replacement devices were available; therefore, 86 women were allowed to retain the same device for a further 2 years. At the 7-year follow-up visit, the women who consented were again allowed to retain the same device for a further 18 months and were followed-up at six-monthly intervals. At each visit, vaginal sonography was performed to measure endometrial thickness, and a blood sample was taken to measure LNG and E(2). RESULTS: Eighty-four months after insertion, 67 women aged 34.3+/-0.8 years (mean+/-SEM) (range, 25-49 years) returned for follow-up. Mean+/-SEM LNG levels decreased from an initial 253+/-27 pg/mL (range, 86-760) during the first 2 months following insertion to 137+/-12 (range, 23-393) at 84 months and 119+/-9 pg/mL (range, 110-129) at 102 months of use (+/-SEM). At 84 months of use, mean+/-SEM endometrial thickness was 2.8+/-0.1 mm, increasing to 3.8+/-0.5 mm at 102 months of use. The incidence of amenorrhea decreased from 41.8% at 84 months to 31.5% at 102 months of use. No correlation was found between LNG levels and bleeding patterns; however, a weak correlation was found between high body mass index (kg/m(2)), high weight, and low serum LNG levels. E(2) levels were similar to those of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle of regularly menstruating women. CONCLUSIONS: During extended use of the LNG-IUS, serum LNG levels were nearly half those found in the first 2 months of use (Wilcoxon signed rank test); serum E(2) levels were normal. Despite the very thin endometrium, menstrual bleeding was reinstated in many cases. At the end of its 5-year life span, there is a window for changing the LNG-IUS, and physicians and users should not be concerned about delaying replacement of the device for a short time beyond the approved life span; however, maintaining the same device long after its approved life span cannot be recommended. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | ESTRADIOL | ENDOMETRIUM | TIME FACTORS | ULTRASONICS | HEMATOLOGIC TESTS | AMENORRHEA | INCIDENCE | MENSTRUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Estrogens | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Procedures | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Menstruation Disorders | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Reproduction Document Number: 342787 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Actual cost of providing long-acting reversible contraception: a study of Implanon((R)) cost. Author: Lipetz C; Phillips C; Fleming C Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):75-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has judged Implanon((R)) to be the most cost effective of the long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods, and its cost effectiveness is enhanced with increased duration of use. Gwent Sexual and Reproductive Health service provides unrestricted use of Implanon, and with the number of implants fitted increasing annually the service wanted to know how long clients were keeping their contraceptive implants in and the cost of implant provision. METHODS: The actual cost of providing Implanon was calculated in a cohort of 493 patients within a community-based sexual and reproductive health service, and compared to that predicted in the NICE Clinical Guideline 30 on LARC. RESULTS: The annual cost for the method (using Implanon) was pound77.49, 25% lower than the estimate made by NICE, despite a shorter duration of use of the method. CONCLUSION: The actual cost in this community-based sexual and reproductive health service may not be transferable to other settings such as general practice. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | COHORT ANALYSIS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Evaluation Indexes | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Population Dynamics Document Number: 330950 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Rates of follow-up and repeat pregnancy in the 12 months after first-trimester induced abortion. Author: Madden T; Westhoff C Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Mar;113(3):663-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of women who returned for a routine follow-up visit after elective abortion and to identify factors associated with repeat pregnancy in the subsequent year. METHODS: We performed a historical cohort study of 865 women who underwent first-trimester surgical abortion at a hospital-based family planning clinic between March 2003 and February 2004. We collected demographic and clinical data from procedure notes and a computerized hospital patient database. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to analyze associations between patient characteristics and repeat pregnancy within 1 year. RESULTS: There were a total of 865 women in our cohort. Of these, 753 (87%) returned to the medical center for care; 485 women returned on time, 268 women returned late, and 112 had no further visit. There were 161 repeat pregnancies; 87 (17.9%) in the on-time group and 74 (27.6%) in the late group (P<.001). There were 85 repeat abortions; 42 (8.7%) in the on-time group and 43 (16.0%) in the late group (P<.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that on-time follow-up was associated with a reduction in repeat pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.77) and repeat abortion (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.86). A total of 130 women received injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) at the time of abortion. The rates of repeat pregnancy and abortion in these women were 13.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Women who received DMPA had a decrease in rates of repeat pregnancy (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.73) and repeat abortion (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99). CONCLUSION: Timely follow-up and immediate administration of DMPA are associated with a decrease in repeat pregnancy in the 12 months after first-trimester elective abortion. Language: English Keywords: NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COHORT ANALYSIS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | POSTABORTION CARE | TIME FACTORS | PREGNANCY RATE | DEPO-PROVERA | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 331068 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Determinants of contraceptive acceptance among Cambodian abortion patients. Author: McDougall J; Fetters T; Clark KA; Rathavy T Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):123-132. Abstract: Although Cambodia's total fertility rate is declining, limited access to and use of contraceptives has meant that some women rely upon induced abortion, legal since 1997, to achieve their fertility intentions. This study identifies factors that facilitate acceptance of postabortion contraception among women using Cambodia's public health facilities. Data were collected in all of Cambodia's hospitals with obstetric and delivery services (n = 71) and a representative sample of 115 of its 887 health-care centers, and from women seeking induced abortion or with abortion complications who presented to selected facilities during a three-week period (n = 933). Weighted data from 316 women who reported not wanting to become pregnant within the next few months and who presented to facilities that provide postabortion contraceptives were analyzed for bivariate and multivariate associations. Approximately 42 percent of women accepted contraceptives at the conclusion of care. After controlling for individual and facility characteristics, women who presented at facilities where a nurse/midwife managed abortion services, where contraceptives and abortions were provided in the same room, and where a larger range of methods were offered had significantly higher odds of contraceptive acceptance following abortion care. Improving contraceptive counseling and training for midwives and physicians, increasing contraceptive choices, and promoting access to contraceptives on site may reduce Cambodian women's risk of unwanted pregnancy and, potentially, unsafe abortion. Language: English Keywords: CAMBODIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | POSTABORTION CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PARITY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | QUESTIONNAIRES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Programs | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior Document Number: 341896 Notification |
| 17. Title: Ethics in family planning FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health. Author: Milliez J Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr 16; Abstract: The FIGO Committee for the Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction and Women's Health considers the ethical aspects of issues that impact the discipline of obstetrics, gynecology, and women's health. The following document represents the result of that carefully researched and considered discussion. This material is intended to provide material for consideration and debate about these ethical aspects of our discipline for member organizations and their constituent membership. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ETHICS | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | ABORTION | HUMAN RIGHTS | MALE ROLE | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Programs | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Political Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 331125 Notification |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to Canadian immigrants: perceptions of healthcare providers. Author: Newbold KB; Willinsky J Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):369-382. Abstract: Cultural impacts on health experiences and behaviours are profound in the area of reproductive health and family planning. Explored through interviews with family planning healthcare professionals, this paper evaluates their experiences in providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to immigrants in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area of Ontario, Canada. Results reveal the complexity of delivering care to members of this group, particularly when dealing with language barriers, situations when professional and non-professional interpreters are used, and instances where healthcare professionals realize that they themselves have misconceptions and misunderstandings about other cultures. The paper concludes by discussing future research options and implications for the delivery of reproductive health family planning services to this population. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | IMMIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | PERCEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | LANGUAGE | BELIEFS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health | Communication | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 330417 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Pulmonary tuberculosis among women with cough attending clinics for family planning and maternal and child health in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Author: Ngadaya ES; Mfinanga GS; Wandwalo ER; Morkve O Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Aug 3;9(1):278. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) case detection in women has remained low in developing world. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of smear positive TB among women with cough regardless of the duration attending family Planning (FP) and Maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Dar es Salaam. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional study in all three municipal hospitals of Dar es Salaam, between October 2007 and June 2008. All women with cough attending FP and MCH clinics were screened for TB by smear microscopy. Pearson chi- square was used to compare group difference for categorical variables. Risk factors for smear positive were estimated by logistics regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI) given for odds ratios indicating statistically significant relationship if the CI did not include one. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 749 TB suspects. Five hundred and twenty nine patients (70.6%) were from MCH clinics. Mean (SD) age was 27.6 (5.2) years. A total of 616 (82.2%) patients were coughing for less than two weeks as compared to 133 (17.8%), who coughed for two or more weeks. Among 616 TB suspects, 14 (2.3%) were smear positive TB patients, and of the 133 who had coughed for two or more weeks, 13 (9.8%) were smear positive TB patients. Risk factors associated with smear positive results were having attended more than one visit to any facility prior to diagnosis (OR=6.8; 95%CI 2.57- 18.0) and having HIV/AIDS (OR= 4.4; 95%CI 1.65-11.96). Long duration of cough was not a risk factor for being smear positive (OR=1.6; 95%CI 0.59-4.49). CONCLUSION: The proportion of smear positive TB patients among women with cough attending MCH and FP was 3.8%. Visits to any health facility prior to Diagnosis and HIV infection were risk for having a smear positive TB. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING CENTERS | FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC ATTENDANCE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | HOSPITALS | TUBERCULOSIS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Program Evaluation | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Infections | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 342421 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Trends in family planning in Russia, 1994-2003. Author: Perlman F; McKee M Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;41(1):40-50. Abstract: CONTEXT: Although Russian women have adequate knowledge of modern contraceptives, their level of use of these methods has been low, and abortion rates remain relatively high. METHODS: In 1994-2003, sexually active women aged 18-49 were interviewed about their contraceptive use as part of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Trends in contraceptive use were examined. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with reliable contraceptive use (IUD use or consistent oral contraceptive use) in 1994 and 2003. RESULTS: In each year, about 25% of sexually active women had used no contraceptive method in the past month, and 20% had used traditional methods. Prevalence of barrier method use increased from 9% to 21% between 1994 and 2003, while that of IUD use declined from 34% to 21%. These changes were especially pronounced in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and among younger women. Common reasons for nonuse were irregular sexual relations (cited by 29% of nonusers in 2003), desire for pregnancy (22%), perceived inability to get pregnant (15%), feeling that contraceptives are uncomfortable or unpleasant (15%), health problems (11%) and the availability of abortion (6%). In 1994 and 2003, the odds of reliable contraceptive use were elevated among women with at least a secondary education (odds ratios, 1.5-1.7), and were reduced among smokers (0.6-0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Modern, effective contraceptive use has not increased among sexually active Russian women. Growing use of barrier contraceptives may reflect HIV awareness. Obstacles to effective contraceptive use, such as attitudes and health service factors, need further clarification. Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL EVALUATION | BARRIER METHODS | AGE FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods | Family Planning Personnel | Family Planning Programs | Population Characteristics Document Number: 330704 |
| 21. Title: Introducing a natural family planning method in Albania. Author: Ram S; Doracaj D Source: [Tirana], Albania, Macro International, [2009]. [8] p. Abstract: The Albanian Child Survival Program (ACSP) worked to increase contraception use in particular. Their network facilitated women's family planning support groups, offered household-level counseling, and referred women for MOH-approved contraceptives either at the nearest commune-level health center or in their own village if it contained a pilot delivery point. The project promoted all MOH-approved methods: oral contraceptives, condoms, injectables, the IUD, and natural contraception, including the lactational amenorrhea method. Included in the category of natural contraception -- and the topic of the present case study -- was the Standard Days Method (SDM). The ACSP introduced this method to Albania in 2006. SDM is a fertility awareness method that offers couples an accessible, inexpensive, and effective family planning option. Researchers at the Institute of Reproductive Health at Georgetown University School of Medicine developed the method. SDM is more than 95 percent effective with correct use, and more than 88 percent effective with typical use among women who reported regular cycles of 26 to 32 days. SDM is especially attractive to couples who fear the side effects of other modern methods and/or in cultures where barrier and hormonal methods are viewed negatively and have common reproductive health goals. As such, SDM appeared ideally suited to the Albanian context. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ALBANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS, NEW | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD SWITCHING | CONDOM USE | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Acceptors | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Training Programs | Education | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 331622 |
| 22. Title: How to mobilize communities for improved maternal and newborn health. Author: Storti C Source: [Baltimore, Maryland], JHPIEGO, Access to Clinical and Community Maternal, Neonatal and Women’s Health Services Program [ACCESS], 2009 Apr. [90] p. Abstract: This guide is intended for individuals who will work with communities as they mobilize to improve maternal and newborn health. It has two parts: Chapter one is a general overview of maternal and newborn health. Chapters two through seven take the readers step by step through the mobilization process, following the phases of the community action cycle. This part contains all of the essential instructions for carrying out a community mobilization initiative to improve the health of pregnant women and newborns. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TEACHING MATERIALS | QUESTIONNAIRES | MOTHERS | PREGNANT WOMEN | INFANT | MATERNAL HEALTH | INFANT HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | INFECTION PREVENTION | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | PLANNING METHODOLOGY | EVALUATION METHODOLOGY | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Health | Child Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Maternal Health Services | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Infections | Diseases | Medicine | Organization and Administration | Community Workers | Health Personnel | Planning | Evaluation Document Number: 331789 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Contraceptive use among women attending an open access genitourinary medicine department. Author: Trewinnard K; Foley E Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Aug;20(8):573-4. Abstract: Termination of pregnancy rates among young women are rising in the UK and are associated with poor use of reliable contraceptive methods. Many women attending the genitourinary (GU) department for sexually transmitted infection screening do so because of poor or no condom use and are at ongoing risk of unwanted pregnancy. Few of these women attend a contraception clinic, where a full range of contraceptive methods, including long-acting reversible contraception, are available. In this study of 152 women of reproductive age, half stated that they needed further contraceptive advice. In total four-fifths of the women without a reliable method of contraception wanted contraceptive advice and/or future contraceptive provision in the GU medicine clinic. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | QUESTIONNAIRES | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | NEEDS | FAMILY PLANNING CLINIC ATTENDANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | CONDOM USE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Family Planning Program Evaluation | Family Planning Programs | Distributional Activities | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 342132 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding contraceptive failure. Author: Trussell J Source: Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;23(2):199-209. Abstract: Contraceptive failure is a major source of unintended pregnancy. This chapter will review sources of data and measurement of contraceptive failure, summarize results from the literature on the risks of contraceptive failure during typical and perfect use for available methods of contraception, provide a tool for communicating risks of contraceptive failure to clients, examine determinants of contraceptive failure, and identify methodological pitfalls in the published literature. Language: English Keywords: LITERATURE REVIEW | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | INFORMATION SOURCES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | RISK ASSESSMENT | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TIME FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Information | Communication | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Document Number: 341505 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Impact of post-abortion family planning services on contraceptive use and abortion rate among young women in China: a cluster randomised trial. Author: Zhu JL; Zhang WH; Cheng Y; Xu J; Xu X; Gibson D; Stovring H; Claeys P; Temmerman M Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Feb;14(1):46-54. Abstract: In this cluster-randomized trial, eight matched pairs of hospitals were certified by centralized randomization to offer either a "simple" family planning service package (provision of limited information and referral to existing family planning services) or a more comprehensive package (consisting-in addition to the simple package-of individual counseling, free provision of contraceptive materials, and involvement of the male partner). Women undergoing abortion were followed up for six months, and data were collected in two rounds, before and after the intervention. The authors followed a total of 2,336 women younger than 25 years (555 before and 555 after the simple intervention package; 634 before and 592 after the comprehensive intervention package). Both packages increased use of any contraceptive method, but the comprehensive approach also increased use of more effective methods and showed better compliance. The rates of unwanted pregnancies and repeat abortions were somewhat reduced for both packages, with no significant statistical difference between them. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | YOUTH | ABORTION RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | COUNSELING | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraception | Family Planning Programs | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Clinic Activities Document Number: 330345 Notification |
| 26. Title: A multi-tiered approach to meeting family planning needs of the poor in Peru. Author: Constella Futures. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Health Policy Initiative, Futures Group International, 2008 Apr. 4 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: More than half of Peru's population lives in poverty, with significant disparities evident between urban and rural areas and between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Disparities in access to health services among income groups, and ethnic groups are found in family planning (FP) use as well. The USAID | Health Policy Initiative identified barriers that restrict poor women's access to and use of FP services, and then designed interventions to address barriers related to existing financing mechanisms. This brief summarizes a full report on the approach applied in Peru. Language: English Keywords: PERU | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | LOW INCOME POPULATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | HEALTH INSURANCE | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 308946 |
| 27. Title: Promoting community-based distribution / community reproductive health worker provision of DMPA. Educational visit to Uganda - summary report, 20-22 March, 2007. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Kampala, Uganda, FHI, 2008. [21] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Doc. ID / Order No. PD-ACL-828USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: An educational visit to Uganda by Kenyan reproductive health professionals was held from March 20 to 22, 2007. This visit was funded by USAID under FHI's Promoting DMPA Provision by Community Health Providers project (FCO 113108). Delegates were invited from cooperating agencies (CAs) and professional associations that had participated in one-on-one advocacy meetings led by the Kenya DRH. These organizations were represented: KOGS, NNAK, The Nursing Council, the Kenya MOH/GTZ CBD programme, KCOA, and JHPIEGO. The objectives of the trip were: 1) To gain first-hand experience of Uganda's efforts at using CBDs to provide injectable Depo-Provera/DMPA at the community level; 2) To identify lessons learned from the Uganda initiative and approaches used to overcome challenges and obstacles; 3) To identify specific issues and concerns that would need to addressed in replicating a similar initiative in Kenya; and 4) To gather lessons, suggestions, and recommendations that will be presented at a larger stakeholders' meeting on CBD of DMPA in Kenya in 2007. The following key activities were carried out: 5) Sessions with key stakeholders in the Uganda CBD of DMPA project, including NGOs with RH activities and Uganda MOH officials; 6) Field visit to the Nakasongola district, where Save the Children (SC) has implemented a CBD of DMPA programme since 2004; and 7) The Kenyan team's wrap-up session and agreement on "take home" messages. The tour exposed the delegates to the details of the Uganda CBD programme and to the reality of CBDs providing DMPA. The main "take home" message was that CBD provision of DMPA was feasible and should be pilot-tested in Kenya. Each of the organizations represented pledged their support for a pilot study in Kenya and recommended that a project advisory committee be formed. This committee will be responsible for reviewing the process of conducting the pilot study, and the study's outcomes. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY WORKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | BEST PRACTICES | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods Document Number: 329880 |
| 28. Title: Promoting community-based distribution / community reproductive health worker provision of DMPA. Educational visit to Uganda - summary report, February 18 - 20, 2008. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Kampala, Uganda, FHI, 2008. [32] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Doc. ID / Order No. PD-ACL-827USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: An educational tour to Uganda on February 18-20 provided delegates from other countries with an introduction to the community-based distribution (CBD) of the injectable contraceptive DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, or Depo Provera). The goal was to learn about Uganda's experiences with the CBD of DMPA and to forge relationships between the delegates so that they could exchange information about such programs in their home countries. The tour was funded by USAID through a project-Promoting DMPA Provision by Community Health Providers-which is managed by Family Health International (FHI). The delegates hoped to achieve several objectives: 1. learn about the organizational network of the program, including the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders; 2. identify the costs of launching a CBD of DMPA program; 3. identify and understand potential ethical and regulatory issues; 4. learn best practices for providing the service; 5. examine strategies for sustainability and ownership, including remuneration, incentives, and community involvement; 6. learn how to monitor and supervise a program; and 7. identify weaknesses, strengths, and impediments associated with implementation Delegates met key stakeholders in Uganda who have supported and implemented the CBD of DMPA program since 2003. The delegates also learned about the program in Uganda from the staff at the Uganda Ministry of Health, FHI, and Save the Children. The delegates visited the districts of Luwero and Nakaseke, where Save the Children had implemented a CBD of DMPA program. The delegates met with district health officials, local family planning champions, Save the Children staff, and CBD workers who support and implement the program in these districts. The delegates asked questions of the district officials and CBD workers, and they observed a CBD worker provide an injection to a client. On the final day, the delegates participated in group planning sessions where they outlined the steps needed to implement the CBD of DMPA in their respective countries. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY WORKERS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION WORKERS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | DEPO-PROVERA | INJECTABLES | BEST PRACTICES | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | ETHICS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329879 |
| 29. Title: Checklist for screening clients who want to initiate contraceptive implants. Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Contraceptive and Reproductive HealthTechnologies Research and Utilization Program [CRTU] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], Family Health International [FHI], CRTU, 2008. [3] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: Family Health International's Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies and Research Utilization (CRTU) program is pleased to announce the release of a new family planning checklist for screening clients who want to initiate the use of contraceptive implants. Contraceptive implants are matchstick-sized rods that contain progestin. Implanted beneath the skin of a woman's upper arm, the progestin is slowly released over 3 to 5 years. Contraceptive implants, such as Norplant, Jadelle, Sinoplant, and Implanon, are safe and effective for use by most women. For some women, implants are generally not recommended because of the presence of certain medical conditions, such as some liver tumors or breast cancer. This new checklist is designed to help health care providers screen clients for certain medical conditions to determine if they are appropriate candidates. The implants checklist is based on recommendations included in the Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (WHO MEC 2004; updated 2008). The checklist can be used by appropriately trained health care providers including nurses, nurse-midwives, nurse-practitioners, midwives, and physicians. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | SCREENING | USAID | CONTRAINDICATIONS | PREGNANCY | QUESTIONNAIRES | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Reproduction Document Number: 308939 |
| 30. Title: Safeguarding contraceptive security in Latin America and the Caribbean. Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2008 Sep. 4 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) This brief is also available in Spanish: Salvaguardando la Disponibilidad Asegurada de Insumos Anticonceptivos en America Latina y El Caribe at http://www.healthpolicyinitiative.com/index.cfm?ID=publications&get=pubID&pubID=605 Abstract: This brief describes HPI's contributions to the work of USAID's Regional Initiative on Contraceptive Security in Latin America and the Caribbean. It highlights key approaches and activities, outcomes to date, and provides an extensive list of resources. A CD-ROM companion to this brief is available. It contains all the resources, as well as supplemental materials. Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | DATA COLLECTION | COUPLES | USAID | |