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Title: Quick reference guide to family planning research.
Author: Family Health International [FHI]
Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, 2009 Jan. 51 p. (Research to Practice)
Abstract: This document is a summary of research and program findings that FHI believes could improve family planning and reproductive health services if they were more widely incorporated into policies and programs. The following topics are covered: Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV through Family Planning; Integrating HIV Voluntary Testing and Counseling and Family Planning Services; Intrauterine Devices; Emergency Contraceptive Pills; Vasectomy; Male Condoms; Female Condoms; Standard Days Method; Eligibility Screening and Provider Checklists; Community-Based Services and Distribution; Youth (ages 10-24); Implants; Contraceptive Continuation; Male Circumcision and HIV; Contraceptive Counseling and Job Aids; Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancies; Postpartum Family Planning.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CATALOG | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | MALE CIRCUMCISION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | COUNSELING | YOUTH PROGRAMS | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | Research Methodology | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Contraception | Programs | Organization and Administration | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Contraceptive Usage | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Clinic Activities | Family Planning Programs
Document Number: 331689

Title: The Family-Friendly Workplace Model: Helping companies analyze the benefits of family-friendly policies.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, [2009]. [5] p. (Focus on India)
Abstract: Task Order 1 of the USAID | Health Policy Initiative seeks to strengthen multisectoral engagement and national coordination in the design, implementation, and financing of health programs. HPI developed the Family-Friendly Workplace (FFW) Model as a tool for engaging stakeholders to build support for family-friendly workplaces. The model enables businesses to more easily analyze the costs and advantages of providing family-friendly benefits and, through the analysis process, to better understand and address the needs of their employees. The project pilot-tested the model in India in 2007.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | WORKERS | WOMEN | FAMILY POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD CARE | MATERNITY BENEFITS | COUNSELING | Studies | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Child Rearing | Behavior | Microeconomic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331561

Title: Postpartum family planning for healthy pregnancy outcomes. A training manual.
Author: Pathfinder International. Extending Service Delivery Project
Source: Watertown, Massachusetts, Pathfinder, 2009 Feb. 124 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-05-00027-00)
Abstract: This manual provides material to conduct a comprehensive two-day training for facility-based health workers (such as health supervisors, nurses and midwives) on providing community-based postpartum family planning education, counseling and referral that enables women and couples to use family planning methods for Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP). The Manual addresses the following content areas: 1. The importance of the postpartum period; 2. HTSP for postpartum women; 3. Postpartum family planning for HTSP; 4. Postpartum family planning counseling and education; 5. Postpartum family planning for HIV positive women. Under each topic, key information for the trainer is provided, as well as a training activity to promote participant learning and skills development for improved community-based postpartum care that includes family planning and HTSP. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | PREGNANCY INTERVALS | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | COUNSELING | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | Puerperium | Reproduction | Pregnancy | Education | Training Programs | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 325159

Title: Helping mothers keep their babies safe from HIV.
Author: Population Council
Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p.
Abstract: The Population Council's evaluation of m2m provided solid evidence that the program was helping women use services to prevent transmission of HIV to their children. An innovative program, mothers2mothers (m2m), was created in South Africa to support HIV-positive pregnant women. The program trains and employs HIV-positive mothers who have used services to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. These "mentor mothers" organize health talks and conduct regular support groups for their peers. They also reach out to the community to help women follow feeding practices that are best for their baby. They promote safer sex and family planning, and encourage mothers to return for HIV treatment and to bring their baby to the clinic for HIV testing. Women who participated in m2m were more likely to talk about their HIV status with friends and family members, to receive drugs to reduce the chance that their baby would be infected with HIV, and to follow recommended infant feeding practices. Following the evaluation, the program has expanded to hundreds of other locations in South Africa and beyond to Lesotho, Zambia, Kenya, Rwanda, Malawi, and Swaziland -- providing hope and care to HIV-positive mothers across Africa.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INFANT NUTRITION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PARTICIPATION | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | COUNSELING | TREATMENT | NEEDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Nutrition | Health | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331490

Title: Advice columns in South African print publications.
Author: Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication
Source: [Houghton, South Africa], Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication, [2009]. 17 p.
Abstract: This paper reports on a study about letters to and responses from advice columnists in 13 South African publications over a three-month period. Approximately 40 percent of letters to the columnists asked for advice about multiple concurrent partnerships, but less than half of the answers included information related to HIV and the increased risk of infection that accompanies such relationships. Instead, the columnists chose to focus on emotional or moral issues of concurrent partnerships. The paper highlights this missed opportunity to address HIV-prevention issues.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | RESPONDENTS | PRINTED MEDIA | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | COUNSELING | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mass Media | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331820

Title: Expanding access to injectable contraceptives.
Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]
Source: [Washington, D.C.], USAID, [2009]. [2] p.
Abstract: A technical consultation, co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), USAID, and Family Health International (FHI), was held June 15-17, 2009, at the WHO in Geneva to review the evidence and programmatic experience for community-based provision of injectable contraceptives. Thirty technical and program experts from countries and organizations reviewed the scientific evidence and experiences from programs that provided injectable contraceptives through community-based health workers (CHWs). This evidence and programmatic experience came from Africa, Asia, and Latin America and focused on depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The evidence consistently showed that given appropriate training, CHWs can screen clients effectively, provide DMPA injections safely, and counsel on side effects appropriately, demonstrating competence equivalent to higher level facility-based providers of DMPA. Continuation of use of DMPA by clients of CHWs was as long as those of clients receiving injections at clinics. In addition, the vast majority of clients expressed satisfaction with CHW provision of DMPA. The Consultation concluded that sufficient evidence existed for national policies to support the introduction, continuation, and scale-up of community-based provision of progestin-only injectable contraceptives, especially DMPA. Provision of DMPA by CHWs will expand choice for underserved populations and contribute to reducing the unmet need for family planning. Operational guidelines for family planning should therefore reflect that appropriately trained CHWs can safely initiate use of DMPA and provide reinjection. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WHO | INJECTABLES | DEPO-PROVERA | SAFETY | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUNSELING | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Public Health | Contraceptive Usage | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy
Document Number: 331839

10.

Title: Sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages: evidence review and recommendations.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]; University of California, San Francisco. Global Health Sciences
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2009 Apr. [8] p.
Abstract: The importance of linking sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV is widely recognized. The international community agrees that the Millennium Development Goals will not be achieved without ensuring universal access to SRH and HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness, optimal circumstances, and best practices for strengthening SRH and HIV linkages, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The findings corroborate the many benefits gained from linking SRH and HIV policies, systems and services. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | HIV PREVENTION | FAMILY PLANNING | MATERNAL HEALTH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CHILD HEALTH | MANAGEMENT | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | STIGMA | BEHAVIOR | FEES | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | INTERVENTIONS | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Social Problems | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331466

11.

Title: Integrating gender into HIV / AIDS programmes in the health sector: Tool to improve responsiveness to women�s needs.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Department of Gender, Women and Health
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2009. [130] p.
Abstract: This hands-on WHO tool helps programme managers and health-care providers in the public and private sectors integrate gender into HIV / AIDS programmes they wish to set up, implement and evaluate so they are more responsive to women's needs. In addition to describing basic steps in gender-responsive programming, which can be applied to all HIV / AIDS programmes, the tool suggests practical actions to address key gender issues in four service delivery areas: HIV testing and counseling; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV; HIV / AIDS treatment and care; Home-based care and support for people living with HIV. The tool also provides examples of gender-responsive interventions from the field, and resources such as: counseling role plays for risk reduction and HIV treatment adherence; examples of gender-sensitive communication messages; and protocols for addressing the risk of violence among women as a result of HIV status disclosure.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | INEQUALITIES | NEEDS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HOME CARE | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | HIV | Care and Support | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control
Document Number: 331798

12.

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13.
Title: Integrating syndromic case management of sexually transmitted diseases into primary healthcare services in Nigeria.
Author: Banwat EB; Egah DZ; Peter J; Barau C; Majang Y; Mafuyai S; Imade GE; Bukbuk DN
Source: Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2009 Apr-Jun;18(2):215-8.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a huge public health problem; both the aetiological and clinical approaches to management have limitations. WHO has therefore developed an alternative strategy--the syndromic case management approach. This paper reports a training of healthcare providers at the Primary Health Centers aimed at integrating STD care into other services in the PHCs to improve management at the community level. METHODS: Sixteen nurses, from eight PHCs were trained on this new strategy. The training included: identification of STDs, use of flow charts, patient education and counseling, clinic management issues and record keeping and reporting. RESULTS: Over a period of eight weeks post training, about 731 clients were attended to, 451 (61.7%) had signs and symptoms of various STDs (genital discharge, genital ulcer, genital warts and lower abdominal pains). They were treated using the syndromic case approach. About 18.6% (84/451) were males and 81.4% (367/451) were Females. Singles (never married) constituted 32.8% (148/451) while 28.6% were married. About 26.6% and 12.0% were divorced and separated respectively. Age group 20-35 years was at highest risk of infection CONCLUSION: Syndromic case management of STDs can be conveniently integrated into the primary health care delivery system in Nigeria.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | NURSES AND NURSING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | TREATMENT | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | COUNSELING | PRE-POST TESTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 342684

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Medication abortion.
Author: Bartz D; Goldberg A
Source: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Jun;52(2):140-50.
Abstract: Medical methods for pregnancy termination in early gestation offer women an alternative to surgical evacuation and have the potential to improve access globally to safe abortion. Several drug regimens are used with varying efficacy including mifepristone plus misoprostol, misoprostol alone, and methotrexate plus misoprostol. Where available, a mifepristone plus misoprostol regimen is most frequently used and is highly effective for early abortion. We review these drug regimens along with clinical practice recommendations including patient counseling and selection, regimen administration location, expected side effects, and follow-up procedures. Overall, women who choose medical abortion report high levels of satisfaction.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MASSACHUSETTS | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION | MISOPROSTOL | RU-486 | DRUGS | COUNSELING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342250 Notification

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Women's perspectives on family planning service quality: an exploration of differences by race, ethnicity and language.
Author: Becker D; Klassen AC; Koenig MA; LaVeist TA; Sonenstein FL; Tsui AO
Source: Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;41(3):158-65.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Despite calls to make family planning services more responsive to the values, needs and preferences of clients, few studies have asked clients about their experiences or values, and most have used surveys framed by researchers', rather than clients', perspectives. METHODS: Forty in-depth interviews exploring lifetime experiences with and values regarding services were conducted with 18-36-year-old women who visited family planning clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2007. Women were categorized as black, white, English- or Spanish-speaking Latina, or of mixed ethnicity to allow examination of differences by racial, ethnic and language group. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded thematically; matrices were then used to compare the themes that emerged across the subgroups. RESULTS: Eight themes emerged as important to women's views of services: service accessibility, information provision, attention to client comfort, providers' personalization of care, service organization, providers' empathy, technical quality of care and providers' respect for women's autonomy. Women reported that it was important to feel comfortable during visits, to feel that their decision-making autonomy was respected, to have providers show empathy and be nonjudgmental, and to see the same provider across visits. The only notable difference among racial, ethnic and language groups was that Spanish-speaking Latinas wanted to receive language-appropriate care and contraceptive information. CONCLUSIONS: Future surveys of family planning service quality should include measures of the factors that women value in such care, and efforts to improve providers' communication and counseling skills should emphasize the personalization of services and respect for clients' autonomy.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | FAMILY PLANNING SURVEYS | WOMEN | CLIENTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | FAMILY PLANNING | LANGUAGE | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | COMMUNICATION | COUNSELING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Clinic Activities
Document Number: 342713

16.

Title: Genetic counseling for teratogenic risk due to exposure to medications: 89 pregnancies conceived during oral contraceptive use.
Author: Belli S; Mazzola S; Luongo R; Barcella L; Alushi B
Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 2009 Jun 5;
Abstract: Congenital malformations are relatively frequent (2% of the general population) but only a small proportion of them can be ascribed to medication exposure during pregnancy. Nevertheless, for the purposes of accurate prenatal diagnosis, monitoring and research, is it important to offer teratology counseling to patients exposed to drugs. There are approximately 20 medications currently on the market that have been universally acknowledged as teratogenic. At the current state of the art, exposure of early embryos to oral contraceptives is not considered teratogenic. Oral contraceptive use may be continuous (estrogen and progesterone or progesterone alone) or emergency (levonorgestrel is the only drug authorized in Italy). Like all drugs, oral contraceptives have a therapeutic failure rate, which means that a number of women on oral contraceptives conceive each year and request genetic counseling about teratogenic effects. During the period 1998-2006 at our genetics clinic we received 89 requests for counseling regarding teratogenic risk due to oral contraceptives. Our study of these patients confirms an absence of teratogenic risk for pregnancies occurring during oral contraceptive use. Teratology counseling was useful to reassure the mothers about the low risk (in the case of oral contraceptive use alone), since only 12 women chose to terminate pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | GENETICS | COUNSELING | EXPOSURE | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, ESTROGEN | PROGESTERONE | LEVONORGESTREL | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | RISK FACTORS | PREGNANCY | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Biology | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Progestational Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Reproduction
Document Number: 341602

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Right conclusion, wrong method [letter]
Author: Berger VW
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Aug;14(4):317-8; author reply 319-20.
Abstract: This letter to the editor takes issue with an article written by Ferreira et al regarding contraceptive counseling after an abortion. It agrees that there is no evidence indicating contraceptive counseling is effective in increasing acceptance and use of contraceptive methods after an abortion, but disagrees with the method used to arrive at that conclusion. It specifically finds the combination of the Jadad score to evaluate trial quality and the cutoff of three as indicating a high quality trial as flawed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | CLINICAL TRIALS | POSTABORTION CARE | COUNSELING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | VALIDITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Clinical Research | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraception | Family Planning | Measurement
Document Number: 342949

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Contraceptive failure with Depo-Provera� [letter]
Author: Bhathena R
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):130.
Abstract: I have a concern regarding the recent case report where a 28-year-old woman was given a subsequent (second) injection of Depo-Provera� by a practice nurse when she attended after 13 weeks, and when no precautions were advised, nor documentation done. The patient subsequently again reported with a positive pregnancy test and opted for a termination of pregnancy. My personal feeling is that although by and large consultation times are often too short for practising doctors to cover all aspects of counselling at all times, when a patient is using a contraceptive method outside the terms of the product licence, to ensure that optimal service is offered and also in view of the remote possibility of litigation following failure of the method, it should be mandatory for the practising doctor to also get involved and appropriately counsel, and to adequately document such an episode. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PHYSICIANS | NURSES AND NURSING | DEPO-PROVERA | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | ABORTION | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | COUNSELING | TIME FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postconception | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education
Document Number: 330946 Notification

19.

Title: The impact of race and ethnicity on receipt of family planning services in the United States.
Author: Borrero S; Schwarz EB; Creinin M; Ibrahim S
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Jan-Feb;18(1):91-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine the independent effect of patient race or ethnicity on the use of family planning services and on the likelihood of receiving counseling for sterilization and other birth control methods. METHODS: This study used national, cross-sectional data collected by the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Our analysis included women aged 18-44 years who had heterosexual intercourse within the past 12 months, who were not actively seeking to get pregnant, and who had not undergone surgical sterilization. The primary outcome was receipt of family planning services within the past 12 months. Specific services we examined were (1) provision of or prescription for a method of birth control, (2) checkup related to using birth control, (3) counseling about sterilization, and (4) counseling about birth control. RESULTS: Although we found no racial/ethnic differences in the overall use of family planning services, there were racial/ethnic differences in the specific type of service received. Hispanic and black women were more likely than white women to receive counseling for birth control (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.8, and adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7, respectively). Hispanic women were more likely than white women to report having been counseled about sterilization (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0, 2.3). CONCLUSIONS: Minority women were more likely to receive counseling about sterilization and other birth control methods. However, there were no differences in access to family planning services by race or ethnicity. Future studies are needed to examine the quality and content of contraceptive counseling received by minority compared with nonminority women.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ETHNIC GROUPS | HISPANICS | BLACKS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | IMPACT | COUNSELING | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 331216

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Post abortion family planning counseling as a tool to increase contraception use.
Author: Ceylan A; Ertem M; Saka G; Akdeniz N
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 15;9(20):[16] p.
Abstract: Background: To describe the impact of the post-abortion family planning counseling in bringing about the contraceptive usage in women who had induced abortion in a family planning clinic. Method: The Diyarbakir Office of Turkish Family Planning Association (DTFPA) is a nonprofit and nongovernmental organization which runs a family planning clinic to serve the lower socio-economic populations, in Diyarbakir-Turkey. Post abortion counseling is introduced by using proper communication skills and with using appropriate methods to women. In this study we introduced contraceptive usage of women who had induced abortion one year ago and followed by DTFPA's clinic. Results: 55.3% of our clients were not using contraceptive methods before abortion. At the end of the one year, 75.9% of our followed-up clients revealed that they were using one of the modern contraceptive methods. There was no woman with IUD before induced abortion. At the end of one year 124 (52.3%) women had IUD. "A modern method was introduced immediately after abortion" was the most important factor increasing modern method usage. Conclusion: Our results advocate that post-abortion counseling may be an effective tool to increase the usage of contraceptives. Improved and more qualified post-abortion family planning counseling should be an integral part of abortion services.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | CLIENTS | POSTABORTION CARE | ABORTION | FAMILY PLANNING | COUNSELING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | IUD | HEALTH SERVICES | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Clinic Activities | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods
Document Number: 329531 Notification

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: One versus multiple packs for women starting oral contraceptive pills: a comparison of two distribution regimens.
Author: Chin-Quee D; Otterness C; Wedderburn M; McDonald O; Janowitz B
Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):369-74.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite World Health Organization and International Planned Parenthood Federation recommendations to provide multiple pill cycles to new users, many programs in developing countries still give only one pill cycle to new acceptors. STUDY DESIGN: To compare provision of a single versus multiple packs of pills, new pill users in 20 matched public sector clinics in Jamaica were assigned to one of two pill regimens in which they received either one (then subsequently three) or four pill cycles at method initiation. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who used pills beyond 4 months. RESULTS: Among 655 women, those receiving one cycle of pills at initiation, followed by counseling and a three-pack resupply, were no more likely to be using pills after 4 months than women who received four packs at initiation (odds ratio=1.33; 95% confidence interval=0.88-2.0). In both pill regimen groups, returning late to the clinic for resupply was a problem. However, more women in the 1+3-pack regimen group returned late to study clinics to obtain their fifth cycle of pills than their counterparts in the 4-pack regimen group (53% vs. 28%). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the recommendation that pill users should be given more than one cycle to start, because an extra visit for resupply contributes to clinic and provider costs. Moreover, providing more pill cycles at initiation would decrease the likelihood that women experience a gap in pill use between cycles.
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | PACKAGING | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | TIME FACTORS | COUNSELING | USER COMPLIANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Marketing | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 330940

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Fertility intentions and reproductive health care needs of people living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for integrating reproductive health and HIV care services.
Author: Cooper D; Moodley J; Zweigenthal V; Bekker LG; Shah I; Myer L
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S38-S46.
Abstract: Tailoring sexual and reproductive health services to meet the needs of people living with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is a growing concern but there are few insights into these issues where HIV is most prevalent. This cross-sectional study investigated the fertility intentions and associated health care needs of 459 women and men, not sampled as intimate partners of each other, living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa. An almost equal proportion of women (55%) and men (43%) living with HIV, reported not intending to have children as were open to the possibility of having children (45 and 57%, respectively). Overall, greater intentions to have children were associated with being male, having fewer children, living in an informal settlement and use of antiretroviral therapy. There were important gender differences in the determinants of future childbearing intentions, with being on HAART strongly associated with women's fertility intentions. Gender differences were also apparent in participants' key reasons for wanting children. A minority of participants had discussed their reproductive intentions and related issues with HIV health care providers. There is an urgent need for intervention models to integrate HIV care with sexual and reproduction health counseling and services that account for the diverse reproductive needs of these populations.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | COUNSELING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | SEX FACTORS | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control
Document Number: 341901

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis C and HIV-1 infections among pregnant women in Central Brazil.
Author: Costa ZB; Machado GC; Avelino MM; Gomes Filho C; Macedo Filho JV; Minuzzi AL; Turchi MD; Stefani MM; de Souza WV; Martelli CM
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases. 2009;9:116.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are a major burden to public health worldwide. Routine antenatal HIV-1 screening to prevent maternal-infant transmission is universally recommended. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of and potential risk factors for HCV and HIV infection among pregnant women who attended prenatal care under the coverage of public health in Central Brazil. METHODS: Screening and counselling for HIV and HCV infections was offered free of charge to all pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in the public health system, in Goiania city (~1.1 million inhabitants) during 2004-2005. Initial screening was performed on a dried blood spot collected onto standard filter paper; positive or indeterminate results were confirmed by a second blood sample. HCV infection was defined as a positive or indeterminate sample (EIA test) and confirmed HCV-RNA technique. HIV infection was defined according to standard criteria. Factors associated with HIV and HCV infections were identified with logistic regression. The number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one case of infant HIV infection was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. RESULTS: A total of 28,561 pregnant women were screened for HCV and HIV-1 in ANC. Mean maternal age was 23.9 years (SD = 5.6), with 45% of the women experiencing their first pregnancy. Prevalence of HCV infection was 0.15% (95% CI 0.11%-0.20%), and the risk increased with age (p < 0.01). The prevalence of anti-HIV infection was 0.09% (95% CI 0.06%-0.14%). Black women had a 4.9-fold (95% CI 1.42-16.95) greater risk of HIV-1 infection compared to non-black women. NNS to prevent one case of infant HIV infection ranged from 4,141 to 13,928. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HIV and HCV infections were low among pregnant women, with high acceptability rates in the opt-in strategy in primary care. Older maternal age was a risk factor for HCV and antenatal HCV testing does not fulfill the requirements for screening recommendation. The finding of higher risk of HIV-1 infection among black women despite being in consonance with the HIV-1 ethnic pattern in some American regions cannot be ruled out to be a surrogate marker of socio-economic condition.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | PREGNANT WOMEN | BLACKS | ANTENATAL CARE | HIV TESTING | HIV INFECTIONS | SCREENING | COUNSELING | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342683

24.

Title: HIV-infected youth. HIV-infected youth need age-appropriate prevention, care, and treatment programs.
Author: Dallao M
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Family Health International [FHI], Interagency Youth Working Group, 2009 May. [4] p. (YouthLens on Reproductive Health and HIV / AIDS No. 29)
Abstract: Young people ages 10 to 24 who are infected with HIV present unique challenges to policymakers, program planners, and health care providers. Approximately 5.4 million young people ages 15 to 24 live with HIV worldwide, and there is likely to be a growing number of infected 10- to 14-year-olds, although data on this group are lacking. Still, some experts believe that the needs of HIV-infected youth often are neglected in favor of approaches that focus on younger children and adults. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NEEDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | COUNSELING | HIV PREVENTION | CARE AND SUPPORT | EMOTIONS | ADVOCACY | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication
Document Number: 331498

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Repeat abortion: facts and issues.
Author: Das S; Adegbenro A; Ray S; Amu O
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):93-5.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The commonest reason for undertaking termination of pregnancy (TOP) in the UK is as defined by Clause 2 of the Abortion Act. There are no agreed criteria for defining 'recurrent abortion seekers'. We aimed to review the characteristics of women requesting termination of at least two consecutive pregnancies within 24 months of the first and to identify any factors for seeking repeat TOP. METHODS: The database of patients that attended our Fertility Control Services from 2001 to 2006 was evaluated. Demographic data, contraceptive use in the cycle of conception and reasons for request were assessed for possible associations with repeat TOP. RESULTS: The incidence was 2.3% as defined by our criteria. Financial circumstances was the commonest reason for seeking TOP (75%). The combined oral contraceptive pill and condom were the commonest forms of contraception in these patients before the first TOP (35% and 38%, respectively). Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was used by only 8% of women before their TOP. Although 58% accepted LARC following TOP, only 2% continued its use thereafter and 50% of women were not using any contraception at the time of the repeat TOP. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that social workers and perhaps psychologists should be part of the peri-abortion counselling team. Contraceptive counselling should emphasise the side effects of LARC to improve compliance. Follow-up to ensure compliance and involvement of partners in decision-making could help to reduce the incidence of repeat TOP.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | USER COMPLIANCE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | COUNSELING | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341653

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Preventing HIV among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Author: DiClemente RJ; Crosby RA
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):101-102.
Abstract: The prospect of HIV infection remains one of the most significant public health risks facing adolescents. Twenty-five percent of all global HIV infections occur among people between the ages of 15 and 24 years, with new infections among some subgroups reaching record proportions. Sub-Saharan Africa has been disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic, as approximately threequarters of all youth living with HIV/AIDS reside there with HIV the leading cause of death among adolescents/ young adults 15 to 29 years old. Sub-Saharan Africa is a richly diverse mosaic of nations, cultures, traditions, customs, languages, and religions. Likewise, the HIV epidemic is fueled by concurrent epidemics of poverty, internecine conflict, deeply embedded cultural practices, and of course, other prevalent diseases. Understanding the full spectrum of issues and subsequently creating efficacious HIV risk-reduction interventions for sub-Saharan adolescents will require intensified research efforts. The articles in this issue of the Journal of Adolescent Health shed light on factors that drive the HIV epidemic, and offer promise for designing prevention programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | HIV PREVENTION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | COUNSELING | HIV TESTING | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 330165

28.
Title: Consequences of thrombophilia screening for life quality in women before prescription of oral contraceptives and family members of VTE patients.
Author: Eichinger S
Source: Hamostaseologie. 2009 Feb;29(1):110-1.
Abstract: A large number of hereditary and acquired alterations in the coagulation system that are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis have been described. Screening for these thrombophilic defects has become particularly popular in women before the prescription of oral contraceptives. The relevance of the results with regard to the management of the patients remains, however, to be questioned. In a recent review of six articles that were aimed to determine the nature and extent of psychological impact of thrombophilia screening, no valid conclusions could be drawn about the psychological impact due to heterogeneity of the data and lack of methodological accuracy. We performed a questionnaire-based study in 247 women with and in 132 women without factor V Leiden who were referred for factor V Leiden testing before oral contraceptive intake. A large proportion (76%) of the women reported being emotionally disturbed by genetic testing. 16% of women with wildtype factor V were discouraged from OC use, while 3% of women with factor V Leiden were encouraged to take OC. This indicates that recommendations after testing are not consistently driven by the test result, which compromises the quality of patient care. Given the large number of women who are taking oral contraceptives unequivocal guidelines for counseling prior to their prescription are urgently needed. These guidelines should integrate the risks and benefits of oral contraceptives but also the impact of screening on quality of life and aspects of counselling.
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | COUNSELING | THROMBOSIS | RISK FACTORS | SCREENING | GENETIC TECHNIQUES | EMOTIONS | QUALITY OF LIFE | Developed Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Thromboembolism | Embolism | Vascular Diseases | Diseases | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Welfare | Economic Factors
Document Number: 329794

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: An evaluation of a brief motivational interviewing training course for HIV/AIDS counsellors in Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Author: Evangeli M; Engelbrecht SK; Swartz L; Turner K; Forsberg L; Soka N
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Feb;21(2):189-96.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS counselling in South Africa covers a range of areas of prevention and treatment with a commonly used model of lay counsellors trained by non-governmental organisations and working alongside professionals in public health settings. This study presents a single group evaluation of a six-session (12-hour) course of Motivational Interviewing (MI) delivered to 17 HIV/AIDS lay counsellors working in peri-urban settings in Western Cape Province, South Africa. Counsellors reported that they used MI techniques both at the start and at the end of the training. In addition, they reported confidence in their ability to influence their clients' motivation at both time points. The results from the ratings of role play performance showed that there was a marked change in emphasis over the group of counsellors from MI non-adherent practice before training (with advice giving, directiveness, control and confrontation) to more MI adherent practice (asking permission before giving advice, emphasising client autonomy, affirming the client and stressing the client's responsibility to change) at the end of the training. Only a small proportion of the counsellors reached the level of beginning proficiency (according to the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code) on the measure of the ratio of MI adherent to non-adherent responses. The ratio of reflections to questions and the percentage of open questions also showed improvements in performance across the group but generally to levels below that suggesting beginning proficiency in MI. There was no evidence of any change on global therapist ratings (of empathy and the spirit of MI, i.e. collaboration, evocation and autonomy support) or the percentage of complex reflections across the group of counsellors. Possible explanations for the results and public health implications are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | INTERVIEWS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | COUNSELING | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | MOTIVATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 330807

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Evaluating nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol for HIV-infected mothers: The Ban Study in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Author: Ferguson YO; Eng E; Bentley M; Sandelowski M; Steckler A; Randall-David E; Piwoz EG; Zulu C; Chasela C; Soko A; Tembo M; Martinson F; Tohill BC; Ahmed Y; Kazembe P; Jamieson DJ; van der Horst C
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Apr;21(2):141-55.
Abstract: A process evaluation of nurses' implementation of an infant-feeding counseling protocol was conducted for the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinical trial in Lilongwe, Malawi. Six trained nurses counseled HIV-infected mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 24 weeks postpartum and to stop breastfeeding within an additional four weeks. Implementation data were collected via direct observations of 123 infant feeding counseling sessions (30 antenatal and 93 postnatal) and interviews with each nurse. Analysis included calculating a percent adherence to checklists and conducting a content analysis for the observation and interview data. Nurses were implementing the protocol at an average adherence level of 90% or above. Although not detailed in the protocol, nurses appropriately counseled mothers on their actual or intended formula milk usage after weaning. Results indicate that nurses implemented the protocol as designed. Results will help to interpret the BAN Study's outcomes.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | NURSES AND NURSING | MOTHERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | IMPLEMENTATION | COUNSELING | BREASTFEEDING, EXCLUSIVE | COMMUNICATION | USER COMPLIANCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Breastfeeding | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Behavior
Document Number: 341680