1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Reproductive health in Malta. Author: Mifsud M; Buttigieg GG; Savona-Ventura C; Delicata S Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Aug;14(4):249-57. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Maltese population traditionally harbours Roman Catholic beliefs that have been gradually secularised. The present study sets out to quantify the consequences of more liberal sexual attitudes in this community. METHODS: We reviewed the reproductive and sexual health indicators reported from Malta and from other selected European countries. We then analysed the findings of a questionnaire study which was carried out among 200 Maltese and 2200 other European individuals to investigate various aspects of their sexual history. RESULTS: A greater proportion of Maltese births occur in teenagers but the out-of-wedlock maternity rate in Malta appears to be the third lowest in Europe. However, the rate appears to have nearly trebled over seven years. Sexually transmitted infections rates in Maltese are either similar to or lower than those reported from the other European countries. The Maltese reported a higher mean age at first intercourse and a lower mean number of sexual partners mainly in women aged over 35 years. They received an earlier sexual education but they still predominantly resorted to unreliable contraception methods at their first sexual encounter. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that sexual behaviour has changed. The educational support to deal with these altered practices is in place but still needs to be reinforced. Language: English Keywords: MALTA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIAL CHANGE | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION | SEXUALITY | ATTITUDES | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX EDUCATION | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Education Document Number: 342941 Notification |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Unsafe abortions common in Colombia despite law change. Author: Moloney A Source: Lancet. 2009 Feb 14;373(9663):534. Abstract: Despite Colombia's high court move to liberalize abortion laws in 2006, many women are still putting their lives at risk by having backstreet terminations. Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PHYSICIANS | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | CULTURE | KNOWLEDGE | CATHOLICISM | ATTITUDES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Religion | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 330425 Notification |
3.  Title: Condom use, contraceptive methods, and religiosity among youths of low socioeconomic level. Author: Cerqueira-Santos E; Koller S; Wilcox B Source: Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2008 May;11(1):94-102. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of condoms and other contraceptive methods and religiosity/spirituality among youths of a low socioeconomic level in Porto Alegre. 1013 youths, between 12-24 years of age participated, responding to a personal questionnaire containing 109 items. Results show that 53.5% of these youths had already had their first sexual encounter, 55% of which had this experience before the age of 15. The majority (42.8%) claimed to be Catholic, and 26.7% said they believe in God, but were not religious. There appeared no significant difference in the use of condoms in relation to the level of religiosity, however, men used this method more than women to avoid AIDS and as a contraceptive. Women used other contraceptive methods more frequently, and there were no cases of exclusive use of methods permitted by the major religions (natural methods). This study revealed a high level of condom use (more than 80%) among both religious and non-religious youths. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | YOUTH | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CATHOLICISM | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Social Class | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Christianity Document Number: 328913 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Catholics using contraceptives: Religion, family planning, and interpretive agency in rural Mexico. Author: Hirsch JS Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Jun;39(2):93-104. Abstract: Research on how religion shapes contraceptive practices and fertility has paid insufficient attention to how people interpret religious teachings. This study draws on ethnographic fieldwork in Degollado, Mexico, to describe generational and social-contextual differences in how women interpret and use religious doctrine to achieve their fertility desires without jeopardizing their standing as devout Catholics. Contrasting the family planning beliefs and practices of young Mexican women with those of older women (many of whom are the younger women's parents and in-laws), in a rural town in which the religious regulation of everyday life is pervasive, reveals how a common set of religious teachings and principles can be used to guide two different generational strategies for fertility regulation. The ethnographic data presented here highlight the creativity with which people use religious frameworks to justify their behavior. Research exploring how religion-and culture more broadly-influences fertility and contraceptive use should give greater attention to the dynamic interplay between cultural beliefs and institutions, social context, and interpretive agency. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CATHOLICISM | CULTURE | BELIEFS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 326888 |
| 5. Title: Priest and pills: Catholic family planning in Peru, 1967-1976. Author: Necochea Lopez R Source: Latin American Research Review. 2008;43(2):34-56. Abstract: The Catholic Church of Peru supported the use of oral contraceptives between 1967 and 1976, believing that doctrine was compatible with controlling one's fertility. Yet the church did not treat fertility control only as a means to limit births or as an individual prerogative. Rather, it framed distribution of the pill within an education plan to promote the duties of responsible parenting. Joseph Kerrins, a U.S. Catholic physician, began the program in a poor area of Lima. By the late 1970s, the program operated in nineteen parishes. The program thrived even after the 1968 encyclical De Humanae Vitae, thanks to the support of priests, Peruvian and U.S. government agencies, physicians, and users of the program's services. Catholic family planning has been a more pragmatic and creative enterprise than hitherto believed. This article explores these developments within the context of the cold war and the transformations of the Catholic Church in 1960s Latin America. Language: English Keywords: PERU | LITERATURE REVIEW | CATHOLICISM | FAMILY PLANNING | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 327895 |
| 6. Title: Advocating for sexual rights in fundamentalist contexts: an overview of successful experiences from a variety of contexts. Experiences presented during the Ist Americas Social Forum, Quito, Ecuador and the 5th World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Author: Catolicas por el Derecho a Decidir Cordoba; International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission Source: New York, New York, International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, [2007]. [90] p. Abstract: This report comprises nine presentations. The first two chapters provide the background needed to get an understanding the struggle against fundamentalisms in different contexts, which are described in the rest of the publication. In Chapter 1 Marta Vasallo gives us a general overview of the origin and scope of fundamentalisms in its relation with secular states. The presentation by Juan Marco Vaggione in Chapter 2 is based on the article previously published by CLADEM in La Trampa de la Moral Única, Argumentos para una Democracia Secular Publisher Línea Andina: Lima, 2005. These two presentations were made in Porto Alegre, Brazil during the WORLD SOCIAL FORUM in January 2005 along with Blanca Dole Durón's presentation, which talks of the Honduran experience. The following chapters, which situate this global reality in the local context, describe various experiences in the fight against fundamentalisms in Peru (Chapter 4), Brazil (Chapter 5), Argentina (Chapters 6 and 7) and Colombia (Chapters 8 and 9). These presentations were made in Quito, Ecuador during the 1st AMERICAS SOCIAL FORUM held in July 2004. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | HOMOSEXUALS | HUMAN RIGHTS | ADVOCACY | CONSERVATISM | CATHOLICISM | SEXUALITY | ABORTION LAW | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Developing Countries | Americas | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Christianity | Religion | Personality | Psychological Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Problems Document Number: 316347 Notification |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Reply to the note by Neuman "Is fertility indeed related to religiosity?" Author: Adsera A Source: Population Studies. 2007 Jul;61(2):225-230. Abstract: Neuman uses the rich information on religion contained in the International Social Survey Programme 1998: Religion II (ISSP 98) to estimate fertility equations similar to those in my paper. She concludes that current religiosity is not related to the number of children a woman has and that my findings are due to a misspecification of the religiosity measure. In this reply I argue that her results rely on the use of a group of women already selected for their attachment to the Catholic Church. I include new analyses with the ISSP 98 data-set to show that the positive relation between attendance at mass and fertility holds in a sample that includes those who have ever been baptized regardless of the background of their spouses. Further, I explore an alternative measure of religiosity in the ISSP 98. Finally I make some clarifications of the findings in the paper and their relevance to the explanation of recent fertility changes in Spain. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | PERIOD ANALYSIS | FERTILITY SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | COUPLES | RELIGION | FERTILITY | MARRIAGE | CATHOLICISM | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Comparative Studies | Studies | Data Analysis | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Christianity | Child Rearing | Behavior Document Number: 317441 |
| 8. Title: Abortion debate in Latin America and beyond [letter] Author: Bianco M; Belizán JM; Althabe F Source: Lancet. 2007 Oct 13;370(9595):1309. Abstract: Jill Replogle's observations on the dispute between Latin American activists, the interference of the Catholic Church in legal changes, and the high numbers of abortions are also pertinent to Argentina. Abortion is the main cause of maternal mortality in Argentina, accounting for almost a third of maternal deaths. A survey showed that there are between 560 000 and 615 000 induced abortions per year, a figure close to the 700 000 deliveries per year in Argentina. Such figures suggest a mean of two induced abortions per woman of reproductive age. In Argentina, induced abortion is illegal except in cases in which the mother's life is threatened and in cases of violations on women with mental retardation. Despite this legal concession, women in these exception categories often do not have access to abortion in practice. For example, earlier this year a young mother with severe cancer requiring treatment became pregnant before the cancer treatment started. Her parents requested an abortion in order forher to receive the cancer treatment, but the public hospital authorities refused. The 20-year-old woman gave birth to a premature baby who died, and subsequently died of the cancer herself. The hospital authorities and doctors acted under the Catholic Church's pressure and their own ideology. In Argentina, women still need protection and must be allowed the right to decide on the basis of their beliefs, not those of doctors or anyone else. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | ARGENTINA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | POLICYMAKERS | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | BIRTH RATE | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Human Rights | Political Factors Document Number: 321873 Notification |
| 9. Title: Impact of contraception use among women seeking tubal ligation in the rural Democratic Republic of the Congo. Author: Chabikuli N; Lukanu PN Source: South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007 Mar;13(1):15-18. Abstract: Investing in health is recommended for economic growth and the reduction of inequity in developing countries. Family planning is one such investment that benefits women and children. But resource-constrained environments, such as countries in conflict, present logistical and other challenges to the implementation of health programmes. For this reason even a proven cost-effective health intervention still needs to be contextualised to assess the actual benefit or impact in resource-constrained settings. The objectives were to describe user characteristics and analyse the impact of reversible contraception use among women who underwent tubal ligation in a rural health district of the Democratic Republic of Congo over a 4-year period. A retrospective analysis of family planning programme registers for 4 years (1990 - 1994). During the study period, 400 women underwent tubal ligation. All records except for 76 that were incomplete were included in the study. A sample of 324 women was analysed. Most ofthe subjects (96%) were older than 30 years and of the Christian protestant faith (85%). Most had an education level less than secondary. Of the participants 99% were married; 98% of participants did not work outside the home. There was no significant difference in the average birth interval between contraceptive users and non-users (p = 0.246), but small families of less than 5 children were significantly more common (p = 0.006) in the small group of contraception users compared with non-users (10.1% and 2.8% respectively). The demand for surgical contraception comes mainly from married women with low education and economic status. Previous use of contraception did not make a difference in terms of birth spacing, suggesting a high prevalence of inconsistent or incorrect use of contraception. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | TUBAL LIGATION | REVERSIBLE STERILIZATION | PROTESTANTISM | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS | MARITAL STATUS | FAMILY SIZE | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Female Sterilization | Sterilization, Sexual | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Nuptiality | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 318201 |
| 10. Title: Special report on Poland: Exorcising the past, imperiling the future. Author: Crossette B Source: Conscience. 2007;27(4):[13] p. Abstract: In the Autumn of 2005, not long after one of the most conservative parties in Poland unexpectedly emerged from an election with enough legislative seats to form a right-wing coalition government, some like-minded Polish members of the European Parliament mounted an exhibition at a parliamentary building in Strasbourg. The show was called, innocently, "Life and Children in Europe," but it was shocking. Most distressing to some who saw it were photographs of children in Nazi concentration camps juxtaposed with images of fetuses and a damning quote from Mother Teresa, an implacable foe of abortion until her death. The link between abortion and the crimes of Hitler was obvious. Ana Gomes, an outspoken Portuguese Socialist member of the European Parliament (MEP), went with two Belgian colleagues to the exhibition, determined to remove several particularly offending panels. In an e-mail exchange in August 2006, Gomes said, "They tried to equate women who abort with Nazi crimes. Two colleagues and I decided to go into action." A scuffle ensued, and the relevant parliamentary committee was called in to settle it. The peacemaker, a Socialist MEP from Poland, ordered the controversial panels removed. "She was savaged in the Polish media," Gomes recalled. "We had to give interviews all over to support her." Months of campaigning followed by Poland's new government, which engaged battles that Western Europe thought had long ago been won by voices of moderation. Poles would call for, among other things, the restoration of the death penalty, an end to support for stem cell research and no movement on strengthening gay rights at a European level. To Krzysztof Bobinski, director of the Warsaw-based pro-European Union foundation Unia i Polska (the Union and Poland), it seemed the European Union's largest new member was choosing to move in an opposite direction on social issues from the "old" E.U. "I think we went into the period of freedom after 1989 with a kind of liberal consensus -- liberal in terms of free-market economics and also liberal in terms of morals and manners," Bobinski said during an interview in Warsaw during September 2006. In 1989, a relatively open election in Poland led the way to the collapse of single-party communist rule across Central and Eastern Europe. Nearly two decades later, Bobinski said, the current government and Poland's powerful Roman Catholic church may not be signaling the early death of liberal Poland, "but there hasn't been an attempt made like this since 1989." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: POLAND | EUROPEAN UNION | CRITIQUE | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | YOUTH | CONSERVATISM | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION LAW | COMMUNISM | HUMAN RIGHTS | CONTRACEPTION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Socialism | Political Systems Document Number: 310153 Notification |
| 11. Title: Global religion and the re-enchantment of the world: The case of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. Author: Csordas TJ Source: Anthropological Theory. 2007;7(3):295-314. Abstract: The Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement is a paradigm case for an examination of the globalization of religion. Centred in Rome, but spread throughout the world, it invites reconsideration of centre-periphery and local-global dynamics in the contemporary world system. Working through a small but intriguing body of literature on the movement by ethnographers working independently of one another who have encountered the phenomenon in the field, I trace the international expansion of the movement and compare its local instantiations in India, Brazil and Nigeria. The movement simultaneously invokes contrasting images of universal culture and cultural fragmentation, and raises a series of questions about religion and social class, bodily experience and re-enchantment of the world in a global perspective. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | INDIA | BRAZIL | NIGERIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CATHOLICISM | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CULTURE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 322213 |
| 12. Title: Birth spacing perceptions of rural Filipinos. Author: de Vera NZ Source: Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2007 Jul;18(3):238-246. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of rural Filipinos concerning the various factors influencing birth spacing. The Household Production of Health nested in the Ecological Model was used to provide the conceptual framework for this study. Analysis of ethnographic data produced one domain of meaning, Factors Influencing Birth Spacing, and six categories: (a) gender relations, (b) religion and the Catholic Church, (c) contraceptive technology, (d) media, (e) family and friends, and (f) family planning education. Understanding the factors influencing birth spacing in different cultures may provide health care providers with a broader scope for providing culturally competent care. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | BIRTH SPACING | PERCEPTION | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | GENDER RELATIONS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CATHOLICISM | MASS MEDIA | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Gender Issues | Religion | Christianity | Communication | Education Document Number: 313667 |
| 13. Title: Reproductive health ethics: Latin American perspectives [editorial] Author: Diniz D; Figueroa Perea JG; Luna F Source: Developing World Bioethics. 2007 Aug;7(2):[3] p. Abstract: Latin American bioethics is in the process of consolidation. A variety of graduate courses are now emerging, regional journals on bioethics have appeared in the last decade, and some countries are pressuring their governments to have national boards on bioethics. These are benchmarks that indicate how bioethics is now on the political and academic agenda in Latin America. At the same time, regional bioethicists are in close contact with international networks and groups working on bioethics. The market for publication in bioethics in the Spanish and Portuguese languages is now growing fast. In the 1990s, most of the books were a collection of papers reproducing the international debate, mainly the four principles approaches. Nowadays, we have a flow of publications proposing new understandings of bioethical issues, and which consider the particular cultural and social characteristics of Latin America. Three of these particular characteristics are explored by the papers in this special issue on Latin American perspectives on bioethics. The first relates to an explicit preference for case analysis in spite of theoretical discussions; the second, to the fact that reproductive matters are at the top of the academic and political agenda; and, thirdly, how the increasing emergence of bioethics in Latin America is being extended and supported by growing secular States. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CRITIQUE | ETHICS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | LEGISLATION | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | CULTURE | SOCIAL CHANGE | Americas | Developing Countries | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Human Rights Document Number: 318833 Notification |
| 14. Title: Selective abortion in Brazil: The anencephaly case. Author: Diniz D Source: Developing World Bioethics. 2007 Aug;7(2):64-67. Abstract: This paper discusses the Brazilian Supreme Court ruling on the case of anencephaly. In Brazil, abortion is a crime against the life of a fetus, and selective abortion of non-viable fetuses is prohibited. Following a paradigmatic case discussed by the Brazilian Supreme Court in 2004, the use of abortion was authorized in the case of a fetus with anencephaly. The objective of this paper is to analyze the ethical arguments of the case, in particular the strategy of avoiding the moral status of the fetus, the cornerstone thesis of the Catholic Church. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | COURT DECISION | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | LEGISLATION | CATHOLICISM | ETHICS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Litigation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Christianity | Religion Document Number: 318829 Notification |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Emergency contraception under attack in Latin America: Response of the medical establishment and civil society. Author: Faundes A; Tavara L; Brache V; Alvarez F Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2007 May;15(29):130-138. Abstract: The concept that it is possible to prevent a pregnancy after coitus is not new, but has gained prominence over the last 10-15 years. It provides a second chance to women who do not want to get pregnant and who, voluntarily or not, have had unprotected intercourse. Emergency contraception has been under strong attack by the Catholic church and anti-choice organisations in Latin America, who claim that the interference with implantation of the fertilised ovum is equivalent to an early abortion. The accumulation of evidence, however, is that the mechanism of action of emergency contraception is to prevent ovulation and that it does not interfere with implantation. This has been ignored by the anti-choice movement. The pattern of opposition to emergency contraception has been the same all over the Latin America region. The medical establishment and civil society, including the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception, have played a key role in defending access to emergency contraception throughout the region. A positive consequence of the public opposition of the Catholic church is that the concept and the method have become better known, and emergency contraception has become widely used. The cases of Peru, Brazil and Chile are described as examples. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | ABORTION | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE MODE OF ACTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | CATHOLICISM | ADVOCACY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Interest Groups | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Christianity | Religion | Communication | Human Rights Document Number: 313519 Notification |
| 16. Title: Do congregations influence fertility? Author: Hackett C Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [5] p. Abstract: Although the influence of religion upon fertility at the individual level has been studied as well as denominational fertility levels, congregational fertility dynamics have been virtually ignored. This is surprising since numerous volumes and articles have been written about church growth, and fertility is one of the most predictable determinants of church growth and decline. This paper describes current fertility variation among congregations at the denominational level and analyzes the determinants of congregational fertility using multivariate regression. Additional multilevel analysis is underway and will be presented at PAA if this paper is accepted. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | RELIGION | CATHOLICISM | FERTILITY | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 317349 |
| 17. Title: Development of the Philippines' family planning program: the early years, 1967-80. Author: Herrin AN Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :277-297. Abstract: In the late 1960s, the president and Congress of the Philippines were strongly committed to policy to reduce population growth through fertility reduction, with family planning as the principal instrument. Awareness of the implications of rapid population growth for development was high among top government officials, academics, influential people from the private sector, and local media. However, the sector of society represented by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) did not fully agree with the formers' assessment or with family planning that involved the use of artificial methods of contraception and sterilization. A number of factors facilitated the implementation of a family planning program to operationalize the fertility reduction policy. The first was the existence of a fairly extensive health infrastructure consisting of hospitals, rural health units, puericulture centers (maternal and child health care centers established in rural areas by nongovernmental institutions and financed by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes, few of which remain in existence today), and private hospitals and clinics. These facilities were complemented by highly trained physicians, nurses, and midwives. The delivery of family planning services could be added to the wide range of services already offered. Second, the concept of family planning and the provision of services had been already introduced as early as the prewar years by voluntary organizations, private institutions, and private physicians. These, together with technical personnel from the College of Medicine of the University of the Philippines and from the Department of Health, were a readily available group of trainers who could train various family planning service providers in clinical settings. Third, donors were available that were willing to provide financial support and technical assistance for the implementation of a nationwide family planning program. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | CASE STUDIES | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | CATHOLICISM | MANAGEMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | FUNDS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Christianity | Religion | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 321992 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Abortion and politics in Nicaragua: The women’s movement in the debate on the Abortion Law Reform 1999 -- 2002. Author: Heumann SG Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2007 May-Jun;9(3):217-231. Abstract: This paper analyses discussion on a proposed reform to the abortion law in Nicaragua between 1999 and 2002, as a struggle between different actors-politicians, religious leaders, doctors and feminists-over the meaning of abortion, motherhood and sexuality, and ultimately the value of women's lives. It shows how the interplay of gender discourses and political practices shaped the process of discussion: on one hand by making a broad alliance against abortion possible, on the other by highlighting the contradictory role of the women's movement in this discussion, between a dominant leadership and a low mobilizing capacity. The paper argues for the need of an inwards oriented process within the women's movement, that departs from the recognition of the personal issues at stake for women in order to break the silence surrounding abortion, such as prevailing feelings of fear and guilt. This entails recognition of the limits of the liberal feminist claim to 'abortion as a free choice', as a discourse of rights that is disconnected from the everyday life conditions and constraints under which women make choices and develop their notions of rights. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICYMAKERS | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | ABORTION LAW | POLITICAL FACTORS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | CATHOLICISM | FEMINISM | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Interest Groups | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Change | Christianity | Religion Document Number: 317697 Notification |
| 19. Title: Should abortion be prevented? Author: Kissling F Source: Conscience. 2007;27(4):[3] p. Abstract: If abortion is a morally neutral act and does not endanger women's health, why bother to prevent the need for it? After all, the cost of a first-trimester-abortion is comparable to the cost of a year's supply of birth control pills -- and abortion has fewer complications and less medical risk for women than some of the most effective methods of contraception. This question has plagued advocates of choice since abortion was legalized. It has intensified in the face of antiabortion moralism about sex and responsibility, in the continued stigmatization of women who have abortions and in the increasingly expressed mantra that "there are simply too many abortions in the U.S." Frustration has led some advocates of legal abortion to dig in their heels and insist that any talk about preventing abortions denigrates women as moral decision-makers, misunderstands the reasons women have abortions, retreats from principled support for the right of women to choose abortion without government interference and tacitly lends credence to the contention that abortion is almost always morally wrong. At the evidence level, some worry that the emphasis on prevention as a solution violates a core belief that good facts make good ethics. Demographers and social scientists are more than skeptical of claims by the group Democrats for Life (DFL) that we can reduce abortions by 95 percent in 10 years if we modestly increase economic support for women who face unintended pregnancies. The critics note that the level of increased support suggested by this interest group compares unfavorably with the level of support currently afforded to women in European countries -- and the rate of abortions in those countries, while lower than that in the US, comes nowhere near the 95/10 goal DFL espouses. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | INTEREST GROUPS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CATHOLICISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONTRACEPTION | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | ADVOCACY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Christianity | Religion | Human Rights | Communication Document Number: 310151 Notification |
| 20. Title: The Vatican and reproductive freedom. Author: Kissling F Source: Conscience. 2007;27(4):[7] p. Abstract: The following is the text of the opening remarks and testimony given by Frances Kissling before the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health at a hearing in the U.K. Parliament on Monday, July 3, 2006. Richard Ottaway (Chairman): Can I welcome everyone to the final hearing of this inquiry. I am very pleased to welcome Frances Kissling as the first witness.… The floor is yours. I thought I would start back with the Cairo conference on population and development. As that conference was getting under way, various national academies of sciences around the world met and issued statements on the conference itself and on their hopes for that conference. I thought I would quote first from one academy of science that met at that point in time and that also met about five years later and made statements that were relevant to the conference. Let me quote from the June 15, 1994, Pontifical Academy of Science statement: "There is a need to control births in order to avoid creating insoluble problems that could arise if we were to renounce our responsibilities to future generations. Increases in the life span and advances in medical care have made it unthinkable to sustain indefinitely a birthrate that notably exceeds the level of two children per couple. In other words, this is the requirement to guarantee the future of humanity." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | VATICAN CITY | CRITIQUE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | HUMAN RIGHTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CATHOLICISM | POPULATION GROWTH | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Christianity | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors Document Number: 310154 |
| 21. Title: The abortion debate in Mexico: Realities and stalled policy reform. Author: Kulczycki A Source: Bulletin of Latin American Research. 2007 Jan;26(1):50-68. Abstract: Over 500,000 clandestine abortions occur annually in Mexico, many under unfavourable health conditions. An uneasy silence about this situation has long prevailed. Since the 1970s, abortion has appeared periodically in public discourse and on the decision-making agenda, only for action to be repeatedly postponed. Mobilisation around the abortion issue grew slowly, but debate and controversy became nationwide as the country began to experience systemic change in 2000. Despite increasing political pluralism and growing awareness of the existing problems, for now in Mexico, as elsewhere in Latin America, the question of abortion is not judged sufficiently pressing to merit major policy change. However, improved contraceptive use and the institution of new technologies and post-abortion care are helping to make abortions safer and rarer. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | WOMEN | HEALTH POLICY | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HUMAN RIGHTS | FEMINISM | CATHOLICISM | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health | Christianity | Religion Document Number: 314444 Notification |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Inequalities in the provision of sexual health information for young people. Author: McLaughlin M; Thompson K; Parahoo K; Armstrong J; Hume A Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2007 Apr;33(2):99-105. Abstract: Background: Sexual health has been emphasised in national and regional strategies as a target for health and social well-being. In Northern Ireland (NI), the Sexual Health Promotion Strategy concentrates on reducing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), reducing the number of unplanned births to teenage mothers, providing appropriate, effective and equitable sexual health information, and facilitating access to sexual health services. This article reports on a study carried out within NI and explores young people's knowledge and sources of sexual health information. Methods: School pupils aged 14-18 years (n = 414) participated in the study and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: Whilst approximately half of the respondents reported being sexually active, only 68.2% always used some form of contraception. In fact, 40.8% of sexually active females had used the 'morning-after pill', with 37.5% of these respondents using this method more thanonce. The results also indicated that students receive varying amounts of sexual health information from schools resulting in inequalities with regard to sources of information. Students from a Roman Catholic religious background were more likely to receive information on sexual health from informal sources such as friends, books/magazines or television/radio than from within the school environment compared with their Protestant counterparts. Conclusions: The provision of standard and accurate information appropriate to the target population is necessary in order to reduce the increasing rates of STIs and help the Government reach their target of halving the teenage pregnancy rate by the year 2010. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | INEQUALITIES | SEX EDUCATION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CATHOLICISM | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | INFORMATION SOURCES | PROTESTANTISM | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Information Document Number: 313289 |
| 23. Title: Against the odds: Colombia's role in the family planning revolution. Author: Measham AR; Lopez-Escobar G Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :121-135. Abstract: This volume argues that the advent in many developing countries of population policies designed to reduce their population growth rates and make methods of family planning widely available constitutes one of the most extraordinary social and political change phenomena of the 20th century. To say that these changes were revolutionary is not hyperbole, and a case could be made that the events of the 1960s and 1970s rival other dramatic shifts in public policy in previous centuries, such as the public provision of safe water and sewage disposal. Within this overall context, few scholars or observers would have given much credence to the notion that Colombia, among the most conservative and religious countries in Latin America, would be the first nation on that continent to adopt an explicit population policy advocating a reduction in the population growth rate and the widespread availability of family planning methods, especially to the poor. Fortunately, the context, process, and sequence of events have been documented in a series of articles and books. This chapter, drawing heavily on the aforementioned works and supplemented by the authors' observations, attempts to summarize the extraordinary events that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s and draw lessons that could be applicable to similar issues currently and in the future. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: COLOMBIA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | GOVERNMENT | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | CATHOLICISM | CONSERVATISM | POPULATION POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Social Policy | Policy | Christianity | Religion | Planning Document Number: 321943 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Meanings and attitudes attached to cohabitation in Poland: Qualitative analyses of the slow diffusion of cohabitation among the young generation. Author: Mynarska M; Bernardi L Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Jun 26;16(17):519-554. Abstract: This study contributes to the understanding of the low level of non-marital cohabitation in Poland at the beginning of the XXI century. An interpretative analysis of semi-structured interviews is employed in order to capture the meanings and attitudes associated to non-marital cohabitation by a selected sample of young Poles. The results indicate that although cohabitation has begun to be interpreted as a testing period leading to marriage, attitudes towards it are still very ambiguous. The idealization of marital commitment hinders the spread of informal unions. Understanding the determinants of low cohabitation in Poland enables the advancement of grounded hypotheses on its evolution in the near future and, more generally, to illustrate the ways in which local cultures influence the diffusion of behaviors. (author's modified) Language: English Keywords: POLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | GENERATIONS | CONSENSUAL UNION | MARRIAGE | ATTITUDES | INTERVIEWS | VALUE ORIENTATION | CHANGES | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CATHOLICISM | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Data Collection | Social Change | Population Characteristics | Religion | Christianity Document Number: 313655 |
| 25. Title: Be fruitful and multiply: Changing family formation behavior and the role of religion, religiosity and ethnicity. Draft. Author: Nahmias P; Hall W Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 36 p. Abstract: The concepts of religion and ethnicity are changing over time, as is family formation behavior in terms of the number of children, the timing of childbirth, and entry into marriage. This paper explores the interlocking roles that religion, religiosity and ethnicity play in the fertility and nuptial decisions of individuals, and how that role has changed over time. Using unique data from the Houston Area Study from 1983-2006, a region that has undergone profound demographic changes over the last decades, the observed relationships are explored in order to elucidate the mechanisms through which religion, religiosity and ethnicity combine to influence socio-demographic behavior. The results show that ethnicity clearly continues to define fertility behavior, with Blacks and Hispanics displaying elevated fertility compared with Whites. Hispanics are also displaying a relative propensity to marriage while Blacks exhibit the opposite effect. Religion, on the other hand, especially Catholicism, is having a declining effect on both fertility and marriage. However, the effect of religion and religiosity on demographic behavior differs according to ethnicity. The effect of a certain religious affiliation and level of religiosity has a varying effect on fertility and marriage for Blacks, Hispanics and Whites indicating the importance of the cultural context within which these traits operate. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEXAS | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | ETHNIC GROUPS | RELIGION | FAMILY RESEARCH | MARITAL FERTILITY | MARRIAGE | FERTILITY DECLINE | CATHOLICISM | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Sociocultural Factors | Family and Household | Fertility | Nuptiality | Fertility Changes | Christianity Document Number: 317351 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Is fertility indeed related to religiosity? A note on: "Marital fertility and religion in Spain, 1985 and 1999", Population Studies 60 (2): 205-221 by Alicia Adsera. Author: Neuman S Source: Population Studies. 2007 Jul;2(219-224) Abstract: In a paper published in this journal, Adsera (2006) presents an empirical study of the link between religiosity and fertility in Spain. She examines differences in fertility between practising and non-practising Catholics, and between religions, thus contributing to the literature on these two complementary lines of research. Adsera uses two Spanish Fertility Surveys (SFS)*administrated in 1985 and in 1999, both of which include rich information on fertility, though quite limited data on religiosity. The purpose of this note is to question the validity of some of the central findings, on the grounds that they rest on a misspecification of the core variable of religiosity and that the composition of the sample is problematic. I show that a replication of Adsera's regression models, using a more appropriate database, yields different results. (In the second part of her study Adsera analyses the interrelationship between religiosity and the spacing of births. My comment does not refer to this topic.)(excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | CRITIQUE | PERIOD ANALYSIS | FERTILITY SURVEYS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | COUPLES | RELIGION | FERTILITY | MARRIAGE | CATHOLICISM | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Comparative Studies | Studies | Data Analysis | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Christianity | Child Rearing | Behavior Document Number: 317440 |
| 27. Title: Nature, "naturalism," and the immorality of contraception. A critique of Fr. Rhonheimer on condom use and contraceptive intent. Author: Oleson C Source: National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly. 2007 Winter;6(4):719-729. Abstract: In a recent contribution to the National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, Fr. Martin Rhonheimer argues that the evil of contraception is rooted strictly in the intention to prevent new life. Unlike adultery or homosexuality, its immorality is not intrinsically related to any physical behavior of the human body. Accordingly, Fr. Rhonheimer argues, one cannot evaluate the morality of an act of condomistic sex between spouses until one knows why they choose to use a condom during intercourse. In responding to Fr. Rhonheimer's position, I will refrain from engaging the nuances of his action theory (with which I have only minor quibbles), and focus instead on his claim that the immorality of contraception has nothing to do with what is physically performed at the bodily level. I maintain, on the contrary, that physically frustrating the aptitude of the marital act to be generative, for whatever reason, is contraceptive in nature. I think it is an error and an (unintentional) departure from Catholic teaching to hold that the evil of contraception exists only in the mental intention to prevent new life during conjugal intercourse. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | CATHOLICISM | ETHICS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEXUALITY | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Christianity | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Reproduction | Personality | Psychological Factors Document Number: 322978 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Abortion debate heats up in Latin America. Author: Replogle J Source: Lancet. 2007 Jul 28;370(9584):305-306. Abstract: Both pro-choice and anti-abortion activists have been busy in Latin America during the past few years amid big legal changes in several countries. After Colombia loosened its previously strict anti-abortion legislation in May, 2006, Nicaragua passed one of the strictest anti-abortion laws in the region, in November of the same year. Then, Mexico City swung in the other direction by legalising abortion in April this year. The abortion debate in Latin America has become increasingly polarised as the issue is more openly discussed. In this largely Catholic region, some of the most religious countries have liberalised legislation on abortion. In others, anti-abortion laws have become more restrictive; for example the introduction of criminal sentences for women who have abortions and doctors who do them, even when the mother's life is in danger. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) estimates that 4 million abortions take place in Latin America each year, despite overwhelmingly restrictive laws in most countries. Cuba and Guyana are the only countries in Latin America that freely allow abortions. Of the 193 countries that make up the UN, only five nations (all but one in Latin America) prohibit abortion when the mother's life is in danger-The Vatican, Chile, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | ABORTION | GOVERNMENT | PRO-CHOICE GROUPS | ABORTION LAW | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | CATHOLICISM | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Religion | Christianity Document Number: 318923 Notification |
| 29. Title: Family planning in Chile: a tale of the unexpected. Author: Sanhueza H Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :105-120. Abstract: The notion that success in family planning in Latin America was a fanciful dream persisted for many years. High birth rates and the negative attitudes of many government leaders were believed to be immutable characteristics of Latin America; the opposition of the Catholic Church was considered insurmountable. Certainly, obstacles were present: early surveys revealed extremely low knowledge and use of family planning and, at least in theory, ideals of a large family size still persisted as late as the 1950s. Then came the unexpected. Almost immediately after women were given an opportunity to access family planning in the early 1960s, most of the myths and perceived obstacles were quickly proved wrong: Catholicism played almost no role in individuals' decisions about family planning, and the influence of policy makers was limited and varied significantly from the ideas and needs of most Latin Americans. For most of its history, Latin America's struggle for development has been a vicious cycle of booms and busts and success stories have been few, but against this often grim backdrop, family planning as it relates to Chile is indeed one of the success stories. Box 7.1 provides a timeline of major events. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHILE | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | OPPOSITION TO FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | CATHOLICISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | HUMAN RIGHTS | ABORTION | Developing Countries | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 321942 Notification |
| 30. Title: Guatemala: the pioneering days of the family planning movement. Author: Santiso-Galvez R; Bertrand JT Source: In: The global family planning revolution: three decades of population policies and programs, edited by Warren C. Robinson and John A. Ross. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007. :137-154. Abstract: This volume spotlights the most successful programs in the international family planning movement. Guatemala is not one of the internationally renowned success stories, yet it has been included in this volume precisely because the uphill battle to introduce family planning in that country-which is still being waged today-is instructive in understanding the international family planning movement. Whereas other chapters describe how political will and strong leadership were able to overcome social and cultural barriers to contraceptive use, this case study of Guatemala focuses on resistance to family planning at the highest levels, starting in the 1960s, which persisted for more than three decades and impeded the spread of family planning. Despite the establishment of a dynamic private family planning association in the mid-1960s, 40 years later, Guatemala ranks last in contraceptive use in Latin America. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | POLICYMAKERS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | FAMILY PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | ADVOCACY | WAR | UNIVERSITIES | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | CATHOLICISM | USAID | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Communication | Schools | Education | Family Planning Programs | Planning | Christianity | Religion Document Number: 321944 |
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