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Title: Reducing maternal mortality in Yemen: challenges and lessons learned from baseline assessment.
Author: Al Serouri AW; Al Rabee A; Bin Afif M; Al Rukeimi A
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr;105(1):86-91.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Yemen is a signatory of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and one of 10 countries chosen for the UN Millennium Project. However, recent MDG progress reviews show that it is unlikely that the maternal health goal will be reached by 2015 and Yemen still has an unacceptably high maternal mortality of 365 per 100000 live births. Because 82% of deaths happen intrapartum, the purpose of this needs assessment was to identify and prioritize constraints in delivery of emergency obstetric care (EmOC). METHODS: Four district hospitals and 16 health centers in 8 districts were assessed for functional capacity in terms of infrastructure; availability of essential equipment and drugs; EmOC technical competency and training needs; and Health Management Information System. RESULTS: We found poor obstetric services in terms of structure (staffing pattern, equipment, and supplies) and process (knowledge and management skills). CONCLUSION: The data argue for strengthening the 4 interlinked health system elements-human resources, and access to, use, and quality of services. The Government must address each of these elements to meet the Safe Motherhood MDG.
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | EMERGENCY SERVICES | OBSTETRICAL SURGERY | Developing Countries | Middle East | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 341376

Peer Reviewed

Title: Socioeconomic and environmental factors important for acquiring non-severe malaria in children in Yemen: a case-control study.
Author: Al-Taiar A; Assabri A; Al-Habori M; Azazy A; Algabri A; Alganadi M; Whitty CJ; Jaffar S
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Jan;103(1):72-8.
Abstract: Little is known about the relative importance of environmental and socioeconomic factors for acquiring malaria in Yemen. A case-control study was conducted to determine the importance of these factors for acquiring malaria among children in Yemen. Cases of non-severe malaria were recruited from health centres; community controls were from the neighbourhood of the cases. Data were collected by personal interview and direct inspection during home visits. In total, 320 cases and 308 controls were recruited. In the multivariate analysis, environmental factors (living near streams and freshwater marshes), earth roofs of houses and history of travel were all significantly and positively associated with the occurrence of malaria, whilst regular spraying with insecticides at home was a protective factor. There was no association with socioeconomic factors, including crowding, education and occupation of parents, and ownership of house assets. An index created based on a number of indicators of wealth showed a significant association with malaria in the univariate analysis but was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Control activities can be targeted on identifiable environmental factors such as stream and freshwater marshes, although this needs further investigation. Extra protective measures may be needed by all those who travel in Yemen.
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CHILDREN | MALARIA | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Health
Document Number: 330835

Peer Reviewed

Title: Who develops severe malaria? Impact of access to healthcare, socio-economic and environmental factors on children in Yemen: A case-control study.
Author: Al-Taia A; Jaffar S; Assabri A; Al-Habori M; Azazy A
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Jun;13(6):762-770.
Abstract: The objective was to investigate the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on developing severe malaria in comparison with mild malaria in Yemen. Case-control study comparing 343 children aged 6 months to 10 years diagnosed with WHO defined severe malaria (cases) at the main children's hospital in Taiz and 445 children with mild malaria (controls) diagnosed in the health centres, which serve the areas where the cases came from. In univariate analysis, age less than 1 year, distance from health centre, delay to treatment and driving time to health centre were associated with progression from mild to severe malaria. In multivariate analysis, distance to nearest health centre greater than 2 km was significantly associated with progression to severe disease. Environmental and vector control factors associated with protection from acquiring malaria (such as sleeping under bednets) were not associated with protection from moving from mild to severe disease. Innovative ways to improve accessto antimalarial treatment for those living more then 2 km away from health centres such as home management of malaria, especially for infants and young children, should be explored in malaria-endemic areas of Yemen. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | CHILD | MALARIA | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | ENVIRONMENT | BED NETS | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | TREATMENT | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Parasite Control | Public Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 325999

Peer Reviewed

Title: Khat (Catha edulis) chewing during pregnancy in Yemen: Findings from a national population survey.
Author: Khawaja M; Al-Nsour M; Saad G
Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008 May;12(3):308-312.
Abstract: This study examines the prevalence of khat chewing among women during pregnancy and some of the risk factors for this habit in Yemen. Survey data on 7,343 ever-married women from the Yemen Demographic and Maternal and Health Survey (YDMHS), conducted in 1997 are used. Women who had a live birth during the 5 years preceding the survey were asked if they chewed khat during each of their pregnancies (=1) or not (=0). Associations between chewing khat and socio-demographic risk factors were assessed using odds ratios from binary logistic regression models. About 40.7% of women surveyed reported chewing khat while pregnant during the 5 years before the survey. Old age, no education, rural residence, living in mountainous regions, and low wealth were significant risk factors for chewing khat. Khat chewing during pregnancy is highly prevalent in Yemen. Socio-economically disadvantaged women were more likely to chew khat than other women. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY | PLANTS | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | RISK FACTORS | MATERNAL HEALTH | DEPRESSION | GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Natural Resources | Environment | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Biology | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Physiology | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 325985

Title: Achieving the MDGs: The contribution of family planning. Yemen.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, [2007]. [2] p.
Abstract: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -- a set of eight important, time-bound goals ranging from reducing poverty by half to providing universal primary education -- represent a blueprint for global development agreed to by member states of the United Nations and international development institutions. However, achieving them will be a major challenge for Yemen and many other developing countries that are not "on track" to meet the goals by the target date of 2015. As stated by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, it will take time and commitment to mobilize the necessary resources, train the required personnel, and establish the needed infrastructure to meet the MDGs. In Yemen and other developing countries, one major factor contributing to the challenge is the continued rapid growth of the population. The number of people in need of health, education, economic, and other services is large and increasing, which, in turn, means that the amount of resources, personnel, and infrastructurerequired to meet the MDGs is also increasing. In light of this fact, development efforts in support of the MDGs should not overlook the importance and benefits of slowing population growth. This brief, based on a multi-country study titled "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The Contribution of Family Planning," looks at how one strategy -- meeting the need for family planning -- can reduce population growth and make achieving the MDGs more affordable in Yemen, in addition to directly contributing to the goals of reducing child mortality and improving maternal health.
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | SUMMARY REPORT | GOALS | FAMILY PLANNING | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | POVERTY | NEEDS | DISEASE PREVENTION | EDUCATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Middle East | Planning | Organization and Administration | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Diseases
Document Number: 331557

Title: Clinical profile of sickle cell disease in Yemeni children.
Author: Al-Saqladi AW; Delpisheh A; Bin-Gadeem H; Brabin BJ
Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 2007 Dec;27(4):253-259.
Abstract: The clinical spectrum of sickle cell disease (SCD) in the Arabian Peninsula varies widely. This is the first report in Yemeni children. A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was undertaken in Al-Wahada Teaching Hospital in Aden of children under 16 years with homozygous (SS) SCD. Fifty-six (55%) were males. There were clinical manifestations in 20% by the age of 6 months and in 67%, 88% and 92% by 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. Dactylitis (hand-foot syndrome) was the most common presenting symptom and occurred in 54% of cases, followed by acute respiratory infections and other acute febrile illnesses. The main causes of hospitalisation were painful crisis (36%), anaemic crisis (16%) and acute chest syndrome (11%). Hepatomegaly was detected in 72% and splenomegaly in 40%. Cerebrovascular accident, cholelithiasis, hepatic crisis and leg ulcers each occurred in about 5% of patients. There was first- and second-degree consanguinity in 31% and 16%, respectively, of patients' families. SCD is a serious problem, affecting children in Yemen from an early age. Disease course and severity were similar to that in Africans and American blacks and some reports from western Saudi Arabia. A screening programme linked to comprehensive medical care and genetic counselling is required to improve management and quality of life. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CHILDREN | ANEMIA | HEREDITARY DISEASES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | SYNDROMIC MANAGEMENT | GENETIC COUNSELING | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Treatment | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 322461

Peer Reviewed

Title: The prevalence and degree of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to first-line antimalarial drugs: An in vitro study from a malaria endemic region in Yemen.
Author: Al-Shamahy H; Al-Harazy AH; Harmal NS; Al-Kabsi AM
Source: Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2007 Nov-Dec;27(6):432-436.
Abstract: Unpublished studies on antimalarial drug efficacy have found low levels of chloroquine resistance in Yemen. This study was carried out to determine the current prevalence of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Yemen to the main anti-malarial drugs and to determine the effective concentration (EC) values. The WHO standard protocol was used for the selection of subjects, collection of blood samples, culture techniques, examination of post-culture blood slides and interpretation of results. The in vitro micro-test Mark III was used for assessing susceptibility of P. falciparum isolates. The criteria for blood parasite density was met by 219 P. falciparum malaria patients. Chloroquine resistance was found in 47% of isolated P. falciparum schizonts. Mefloquine resistance was found in 5.2%. In addition, the EC50 and EC95 values in blood that inhibited schizont maturation in resistant isolates were higher than the normal therapeutic level for mefloquine. No resistance occurred against quinine or artemisinin, with no growth at the cut-off level for quinine and inhibition at low concentrations of artemisinin. Our study confirmed the occurrence of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum and a slow increase in the rate of this resistance; it is likely that resistance will increase further and spread over all the foci of malaria in Yemen. The low rate of mefloquine-resistant P. falciparum, was lower than that reported in Africa or Southeast Asia, but it is the first report of mefloquine resistance in Yemen. Finally, the isolates were sensitive to low concentrations of quinine and artemisinin. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | TARGET POPULATION | DRUG RESISTANCE | MALARIA | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | PREVALENCE | IN VITRO | PARASITES | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Biology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 325191

Peer Reviewed

Title: Women's perception of self-worth and access to health care.
Author: Chamberlain J; Watt S; Mohide P; Muggah H; Trim K
Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007 Jul;98(1):75-79.
Abstract: Research has shown differences in health status and health care utilization related to culture, economic status, and health care development. This paper reports on a study comparing attitudes of women in three countries, at various stages of development, about their own health and self-worth and asks if these differences account for differences in health care utilization and inequities in health status. A questionnaire, administered to 100 women in each of Yemen, Uganda and Canada, explored women's perception of their own health and health care seeking behavior. Women's perception of themselves as worthy of care was positively related to utilization. The ability to make one's own health care decisions varied with her country's development level. Implementation strategies must consider women's decision-making capacity. To achieve improved health status, policies and programs must commit to encouraging appropriate social and cultural changes, using a 'cross-sectoral approach', involving both gender and development issues. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | UGANDA | CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | SELF-PERCEPTION | SELF ESTEEM | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Perception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 313633

10.

11.
Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV and development challenges in Yemen: which grows fastest?
Author: Lambert L
Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2007 Jan;22(1):60-62.
Abstract: Yemen is epidemiologically classified as a country with 'gradual growing accumulations of HIV infections and at least some high-risk groups identified'. From 1997 to 2001, the top means of HIV transmission was heterosexual, at 77.3%, followed by homosexual transmission (16%), blood products (6.8%), and intravenous drug users representing a new risk group. The 1995 Strategic AIDS Plan of the Ministry of Public Health estimated there to be a total of 5000 sex workers and 25 000 homosexuals, with estimates of 150 000-170 000 sexually transmitted disease cases per year. In the Global AIDS Epidemic Report, the adult (ages 15-49) prevalence rate for Yemen is estimated at 0.1% with the number of HIV-infected individuals ranging from 4000-12 000. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that a hidden epidemic is developing in Yemen, where for every known HIV case, at least 15 others lie undetected. The gender gap has closed. In 1995, the gender ratio of HIV-infected men to women was 4:1, in 1999 it was 2:1 and in 2000, it reached 1:1. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | PROGRESS REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | SEX FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors
Document Number: 311316

12.

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: �Halfway people�: Refugee views of reproductive health services.
Author: Whelan A; Blogg J
Source: Global Public Health. 2007 Oct;2(4):373-394.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify factors that facilitate or hinder access to, use of, and satisfaction with reproductive health services in refugee settings, from the perspective of beneficiaries. Rapid appraisal methods included 46 focus group discussions and interviews with over 800 refugees, audits of 14 health facilities, referral hospital reviews, exit interviews with clients, and interviews with health workers. The study was conducted between February and April 2004 in 11 sites in Uganda, Republic of Congo, and Yemen. Reproductive health was clearly on the policy agenda in all countries with stable refugee sites, but problems with implementation and resources were identified. The quality of services was variable, with high staff turnover in some areas affecting relationships with refugee clients. Referral hospitals in host countries were not all equipped to deal with obstetric and other emergencies of either local or refugee populations, including deficiencies in safe blood supplies and antibiotics. Diagnosis and treatment of STIs and HIV/AIDS was frequently inadequate. Gender based violence was the least well addressed aspect of reproductive health. Interest and knowledge about family planning was high, but acceptance was low. It was concluded that progress has been made in reproductive health services for refugees since 1994, however, urgent advocacy and action is required to sustain and improve the situation. Local implementing partners need more support and supervision to develop appropriate service models and to maintain an acceptable standard of care. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | YEMEN | REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | CLIENTS | REFUGEES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | SATISFACTION | STANDARDS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Middle East | Africa, Western | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 325360

14.

Title: Goals of the DELIVER assistance.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2006]. [2] p. (USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No: PN-ADG-054)
Abstract: The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)/Yemen asked John Snow, Inc. (JSI)/DELIVER to support its strategic plan to improve and expand reproductive and maternal and child health services in five underserved governorates: Al Jawf, Amran, Marib, Saada, and Shabwa. DELIVER will provide technical assistance (TA) in reproductive health commodity management. The USAID/Yemen strategy calls for DELIVER to strengthen the sector reform strategy of the Republic of Yemen's Ministry of Public Health & Population (MOPHP) by supporting decentralization, cost-sharing, and improved management systems. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | SUMMARY REPORT | USAID | GOALS | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Evaluation | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 303795

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Severe malaria in children in Yemen: two site observational study.
Author: Al-Taiar A; Jaffar S; Assabri A; Al-Habori M; Azazy A
Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2006 Oct 21;333(7573):827.
Abstract: The objectives were to assess the burden of malaria on health services, describe the clinical presentation of severe malaria in children, and identify factors associated with mortality by means of a prospective observational study. Setting: Two public hospitals in Taiz (mountain hinterland) and Hodeidah (coastal plain), Yemen. Participants: Children aged 6 months to 10 years. Of 12 301 paediatric admissions, 2071 (17%) were for suspected severe malaria. The proportion of such admissions varied according to the season (from 1% to 40%). Falciparum malaria was confirmed in 1332 children; 808 had severe disease as defined by the World Health Organization. Main presentations were respiratory distress (322/808, 40%), severe anaemia (291/800, 37%), and cerebral malaria (60/808, 8%). Twenty two of 26 children who died had a neurological presentation. No deaths occurred in children with severe anaemia but no other signs of severity. In multivariate analysis, a Blantyre coma score = 2, history of fits, female sex, and hyperlactataemia predicted mortality; severe anaemia, respiratory distress, and hyperparasitaemia were not significant predictors of mortality. Severe malaria puts a high burden on health services in Yemen. Although presentation is similar to African series, some important differences exist. Case fatality is higher in girls. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CHILDREN | MALARIA | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | MORTALITY DETERMINANTS | SEX FACTORS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 309165

16.

Title: The challenges of incorporating Muslim women�s views into development policy: Analysis of a Dutch action research project in Yemen.
Author: Bartelink B; Buitelaar M
Source: Gender and Development. 2006 Nov;14(3):351-362.
Abstract: This article discusses the Muslim Women and Development Action Research Project (MWDAR), an attempt by the Dutch government to introduce new discourses on Islam and the empowerment of women into their development policy. Based on a discussion of the project in Yemen, an analysis of its evaluation reports, and follow-up research with project participants, we argue that the project did not meet expectations or project goals because it failed to go beyond an essentialist view of Muslim women. The article begins with a discussion of Dutch and Yemeni discourses on gender, Islam and development, and goes on to explore how these discourses ultimately influenced the project outcomes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | ACTION RESEARCH | WOMEN | ISLAM | GOVERNMENT | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | PROGRAM EVALUATION | CULTURE | ATTITUDES | GENDER ISSUES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Policy | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 326694

17.

Title: Ethiopian women increasingly trafficked to Yemen.
Author: de Regt M
Source: Forced Migration Review. 2006 May;(25):37-38.
Abstract: Until the early 1990s few Ethiopians - except those of Muslim/Arab origin - were interested in going to the Middle East. After the overthrow of the authoritarian regime of Mengistu Haile Meriam in 1991, Ethiopians were given the right to free movement. Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States have subsequently become major destinations for Ethiopian women in search of a better future. Even a relatively poor country such as Yemen attracts many female Ethiopian migrants who take up paid domestic work. Changing family structures, the increased educational levels of Yemeni women, the growing number of employed women and changing attitudes towards domestic work explain the increased demand for domestic labour in Yemen. Socio-cultural constraints prevent Yemeni women from working as domestics - so migrant women meet the demand. Wealthier Yemenis prefer to employ Asian women but middle-class families predominantly employ Ethiopians because they are available and seen as good domestic workers. Somali refugee women also work as domestics but, unlike Ethiopians, do not generally 'live in'. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | YEMEN | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | DOMESTIC WORKERS | HUMAN TRAFFICKING | MIGRATION POLICY | HUMAN RIGHTS | RESIDENT STATUS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Middle East | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors
Document Number: 314272

18.

Title: Toward smaller family size in Yemen: a demographic analysis.
Author: Pillai VK; Sunil TS
Source: Asian Population Studies. 2006 Nov;2(3):257-269.
Abstract: Broad-based social changes such as fertility decline partly result from modernization in developing countries such as Yemen. The transition to small family norms are often spearheaded by a small group of innovators or change agents called demographic innovators. Demographic innovators often sharply differ from the rest in terms of a number of demographic characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to identify the presence and magnitude of the size of demographic innovators in the Republic of Yemen, a country at the very early stage of demographic transition. This study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), 1991-92 and 1997 conducted in Yemen. Latent class analysis is used to identify the presence and size of the demographic innovator class. About three to four per cent of the sample respondents belong to the demographic innovators class. The members of the demographic innovator group are highly likely to prefer small ideal family size than are the rest. They are also more likely to have ever used modern birth control methods than the rest. We discuss the theoretical as well policy implications of our findings for Yemen, which has one of the highest fertility rates in the world. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY RATE | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Middle East | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 314512

19.

20.

Title: Guidelines for safe immunization practices and monitoring immunization programs at the facility and district levels in Yemen.
Author: Yemen. Ministry of Public Health and Population
Source: Bethesda, Maryland, Abt Associates, Partners for Health Reform Plus, 2005 Mar. [50] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00019-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADD-162)
Abstract: This is the first edition of Guidelines for Safe Immunization Practices and Monitoring Immunization Programs at the Facility and District Levels in Yemen. It is a compendium of revised EPI (Expanded Programme on Immunization) documentation; recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Ministry of Public Health and Population; current guidelines for immunization data analysis and utilization; and materials for monitoring and evaluating the immunization system and provider performance. The guidelines will be piloted in Amran Governorate in 2005; recommendations based on pilot experience will be incorporated into revised guidelines for use nationwide. The manual is designed primarily for health personnel who are responsible for the implementation of the immunization program at the facility and district levels. The section on evaluation of the work at facilities can guide both the facilities in doing self-evaluations and district immunization managers in monitoring and supervising facility-level work. The worksheets contained in this manual for monitoring immunization work are illustrative. A full set of worksheets has been published separately in an immunization workbook for districts. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | MANUAL | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | IMMUNIZATION | MONITORING | HEALTH POLICY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Middle East | Geographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Policy | Economic Factors | Management | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 290577

21.

Title: Workbook for district EPI managers: monitoring of immunization activities and use of vaccines in Yemen.
Author: Yemen. Ministry of Public Health and Population
Source: Bethesda, Maryland, Abt Associates, Partners for Health Reform Plus, 2005 Mar. [40] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00019-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADD-163)
Abstract: This workbook accompanies Guidelines for Safe Immunization Practices and Monitoring of Immunization Programs at District and Facility Levels in Yemen. It is a tool designed primarily for personnel of district-level EPI (Expanded Programme on Immunization) offices to help them monitor and evaluate immunization work, use of vaccine and adequacy of cold chain on their services territory. It helps EPI managers to establish the link between information systems� data and response, as well as to document the data analysis and utilization for management purposes. The current version of the workbook has been developed for piloting in the Amran Governorate in 2005. Based on pilot experiences, it will be revised for use nationwide. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | MANUAL | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | EVALUATION METHODOLOGY | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | MONITORING | IMMUNIZATION | USAID | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Geographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Government Agencies | Organizations | Management | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information
Document Number: 290578

22.
Peer Reviewed

Title: The quality of antimalarials available in Yemen.
Author: Abdo-Rabbo A; Bassili A; Atta H
Source: Malaria Journal. 2005 Jun 29;4:28.
Abstract: Malaria has always been a major public health problem in Yemen. Several studies in developing countries have demonstrated ineffective and poor quality drugs including antimalarials. Therefore, quality assessment of antimalarial drugs is of crucial importance. This study aimed to assess the quality of antimalarials (chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine) available in Yemen and to determine whether the quality of these products was related to the level of the distribution chain at which the samples were collected or related to the manufacturers. Four samples from each antimalarial product were collected from each of the various levels of the distribution chain. One sample was kept with the research team. Two were tested at Sana'a and Aden Drug Quality Control Laboratories. The fourth was sent to the Centre for Quality Assurance of Medicines in Potchefstroom, South Africa, for analysis. Quality indicators measured were the content of the active ingredient and dissolution rate (for tablets only) in comparison to standard specifications for these products in the relevant pharmacopoeia. The results identified several problems of sub-standard products within the drug distribution chain. They included high and low failures in ingredient content for chloroquine tablets and chloroquine syrup. There was some dissolution failure for chloroquine tablets, and high sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine tablets dissolution failures. Failures with the dissolution of the pyrimethamine were found at most of the collection points. No clear relationship neither between the quality products and the level of the distribution chain, nor between locally manufactured and imported products was observed. There are sub-standard antimalarial products circulating within the drug distribution chains in the country, which will have serious implications on the reduced therapeutic effectiveness and on the development of drug resistance. This appears to be due to non-compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines by manufacturers in the production of the antimalarials. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | MALARIA | TREATMENT | DRUGS | QUALITY CONTROL | Developing Countries | Middle East | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 290293

23.

Title: Findings from the Health Facility Survey 2004-05, Amran governorate, Yemen.
Author: Abt Associates. Partners for Health Reform Plus
Source: Bethesda, Maryland, Abt Associates, Partners for Health Reform Plus, 2005 Sep. [115] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00019-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADE-807)
Abstract: The 2004-2005 Amran Health Facility Survey, supported by USAID/Yemen through the Partners for Health Reformplus (PHRplus) Project, inventoried all private and public health facilities in the governorate. The purpose of the survey was to collect and summarize detailed information on infrastructure, ownership, health services provided, medical equipment, and financing of all facilities in the governorate. In addition, survey teams used handheld global positioning system units to pinpoint the exact geographic locations of villages and health facilities and digital cameras to document interior and exterior conditions of all facilities. The survey identified a total of 218 facilities in Amran; the interview was completed in all 169 facilities that were open and operational at the time of the survey. PHRplus is using the data from this survey to develop district maps and a health facility atlas for health officials to better understand health care conditions, allocation of resources, location of each health care alternative, and proximity to and within communities of each health facility relative to others. In addition, PHRplus is creating a health facility viewer CD-ROM application to allow governorate and district health management teams to quickly review, query, and compare survey data. Survey results will be combined with demographic and geospatial data in a geographic information system to provide evidence-based analyses and results to increase the efficiency and equity of the Yemen health care system. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | DATA COLLECTION | HEALTH FACILITIES | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | MANAGEMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Health | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 296276

24.
Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV type 1 strains common in Europe, Africa, and Asia cocirculate in Yemen.
Author: Saad MD; Al-Jaufy A; Grahan RR; Nadal Y; Earhart KC
Source: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 2005 Jul;21(7):644-648.
Abstract: To determine the HIV-1 genetic diversity in Yemen, 19 strains collected from men and women were sequenced in pol and six of those were full genome sequenced; all were phylogenetically analyzed. Using the pol sequence data, nine (47.3%) were subtype B, six (31.6%) subtype C, two (10.5%) subtype D, one strain (5.3%) subtype A, and another (5.3%) a unique recombinant form (URF). Concordant phylogenies were also obtained for the six strains full genome sequenced. Most of the strains were from the capitol, Sana'a (n = 16). Five of the C strains clustered with African Cs, and one clustered with the Indian C strains. Of the two subtype D strains, one clustered with Ugandan strains and one with Cameroon. The subtype A strain was similar to a Cameroon variant of subtype A and the URF strain was a recombinant between CRF11, CRF13, and subtype B. The HIV epidemic in Yemen is extremely complex, with strains of HIV-1 that have originated In East and West Africa, Europe, and India. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | GENETIC TECHNIQUES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | GENETICS | HIV | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
Document Number: 292024

25.

Title: Why is fertility transition slowest in Yemen among the Arab states? Some clues from the analysis of proximate determinants of fertility.
Author: Saxena PC
Source: [Unpublished] 2005. Presented at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 31 - April 2, 2005. [21] p.
Abstract: The need for the study of fertility cannot be overemphasized because of its great impact on both population growth rate and on social, economic and cultural parameters. This is especially true in the Arab region, which until very recently has been characterized by a rapid population growth rate of 3.4% per year. Fortunately, new evidence suggests that fertility levels have begun to decline in the region. However, the pace and intensity of such a change has by no means been uniform. A wide variations have been observed in the declines in the levels of fertility in the 22 members of the League of Arab states resulting in TFRs ranging from 2.5 for Lebanon to 7.4 for Yemen. Taking this into account, one cannot but classify countries of the Arab world according to the onset of and progress in their fertility transitions. The first category of countries comprises of Lebanon and Tunisia, which have both experienced early and gradual fertility declines having today the lowest TFRs in the Arab region. Following closely these two countries are Bahrain, Algeria, Morocco, Syria, Qatar and Egypt, characterized by early but interrupted fertility change. The third category of countries, which includes the United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Libya and Jordan, has experienced late but rapid declines in TFR. For instance, Sudan and Libya have managed, within ten years, to nearly catch up with the declines in fertility that took almost two decades for other countries in the region to attain. The last group of countries having very high TFR includes, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Yemen. Although, declines have started to occur in these countries, the reduction in fertility in Yemen has been much slower. Various explanations can be given to Yemen's lagging behind for the onset of its fertility transition. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA, NORTH | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | POPULATION | WOMEN | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | EDUCATION | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Fertility Changes | Fertility
Document Number: 319310

26.
Title: Inter-agency global evaluation of reproductive health services for refugees and internally displaced persons.
Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR]
Source: [Geneva, Switzerland], UNHCR, 2004 Nov. [390] p.
Abstract: In 2002, the IAWG endorsed a plan to evaluate the efforts made since 1995 to institutionalise reproductive health in programmes serving refugees and internally displaced persons. The overall objective was to evaluate the provision of reproductive health services, based on the framework outlined in Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations: An Inter-agency Field Manual. The IAWG formed a Steering Committee to guide the evaluation process, which began in October 2002. We are pleased to bring you this report, which marks the conclusion of the Interagency Global Evaluation of Reproductive Health Services for Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons. The report highlights the status of reproductive health services for refugees and internally displaced persons, identifies gaps in these services, and outlines the way forward with respect to strengthening and/or expanding services. Unquestionably, significant progress has been made since 1995; however, consistent interest, participation, and support will be required from United Nations agencies, governments, and non-governmental organizations to continue to move forward. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | UGANDA | YEMEN | TECHNICAL REPORT | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | EVALUATION | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | REFUGEES | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | CAPACITY BUILDING | COORDINATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Middle East | Programs | Organization and Administration | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Sustainability
Document Number: 279866

27.

Title: Some medicinal plants used in Yemeni herbal medicine to treat malaria.
Author: Ali AA; Al-rahwi K; Lindequist U
Source: African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2004;1:72-76.
Abstract: This pilot study examined the extent and the type of medicinal plants used for treating malaria. 492 informants were interviewed in 13 villages located on the coastal plain of four provinces. Nineteen plants belonging to fourteen families were recorded each with local names, methods of preparation and parts used. The antimalarial traditional uses of Dodonaea viscosa, Plantago major, Cissus rotundifolia, Citrullus colocynthis, Anisotes trisulcus, and Tamarindus indica had been reported for the first time. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | RESPONDENTS | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | MALARIA | TREATMENT | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Drugs
Document Number: 296141

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Consanguineous marriage in the capital city Sana'a, Yemen.
Author: Gunaid AA; Hummad NA; Tamim KA
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2004 Jan;36(1):111-121.
Abstract: Consanguineous marriage is traditionally common throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, especially in the mainly Muslim countries. To date, there is little information on consanguinity in Yemen. The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of consanguineous marriage and average coefficient of inbreeding in Sana�a City, Yemen. A population survey was conducted with the intention of covering married couples resident in Sana�a City by means of a multi-stage random sampling technique. A total of 1050 wives and husbands were interviewed on consanguinity in their households. The total incidence of consanguinity was 44�7% (95% CI 41�7�47�7%) with first-cousin marriages constituting 71�6% of the total consanguineous marriages and 32% of all marriages. Paternal parallel first cousins (Type I) accounted for 49% of first-cousin marriages. The average coefficient of inbreeding (F) was 0�02442. The incidence of consanguinity is relatively high in Yemen with predominantly first-cousin marriage. This might be related to the deeply rooted social and cultural beliefs in the country. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | URBAN POPULATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSANGUINITY | INCIDENCE | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Nuptiality | Genetics | Biology | Measurement | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 189973

29.
Title: Reproductive health care for Somali refugees in Yemen.
Author: Jaffer FH; Guy S; Niewczasinski J
Source: Forced Migration Review. 2004 Jan;(19):33-34.
Abstract: Reproductive health (RH) indicators in Yemen are amongst the worst in the Arab World. Infant mortality rate stands at 73.85 per 1,000 live births and the maternal mortality ratio is of 850 per 100,000 live births. Only one in five Yemeni women uses any method of contraception. Health services are limited and of inconsistent quality. Although refugees are entitled to use health and other services, the reality is that access to primary health care is insufficient both for Yemenis and the 81,700 registered and the large number of unregistered refugees � most of them Somali, Ethiopians and Eritreans. Marie Stopes International Yemen (MSIY) opened its first RH and family planning centre in Sana�a in 1998. Further centres have been opened in Seiyun, Aden and Ta�iz. MSIY provides comprehensive mother and child health and RH care services to lowincome women and their families. These include the provision of temporary methods of family planning (FP), diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), antenatal and postnatal care, obstetrics, paediatrics, health education, and laboratory and pharmacy services. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOMALIA | YEMEN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | REFUGEES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | ANTENATAL CARE | SEX EDUCATION | HEALTH EDUCATION | WAR | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Middle East | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Education | Political Factors
Document Number: 273943

30.
Title: Age at marriage, contraceptive use and abortion in Yemen, 1991-1997.
Author: Sunil TS; Pillai VK
Source: Canadian Studies in Population. 2004;31(1):83-107.
Abstract: This paper attempts to examine the extent of influence of the three components of fertility, age at marriage, extent of modern contraceptive use and the level of abortion on fertility in the Republic of Yemen and to explore the impact of a selected set of demographic and socioeconomic variables on the three fertility components. This study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Yemen in 1991/1992 and 1997. The results from this study present empirical evidence of an onset of fertility decline in the Republic of Yemen. An important component of this decline is delayed age at marriage. There has been an increase in modern contraceptive use during the last decade. However, these methods are not widely used at early stages of family formation. The most common method of family limitation among women with large families is abortion. There has been very little change if any in the widespread occurrence of abortion during the last decade. There exist significant urban-rural differences in the levels of contraceptive use and abortion. Improvements in women's education and modern sector labor participation are crucial for increasing age at marriage, and level of contraceptive use and for reducing the prevailing level of abortion. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | FERTILITY DECLINE | MARRIAGE AGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | Developing Countries | Middle East | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Economic Factors | Reproductive Behavior
Document Number: 298657 Notification


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