1.  Title: Scientists recommend new design for female condom research. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2009]. [2] p. (Research Briefs on the Female Condom) Abstract: As the result of a USAID-supported workshop organized by the nonprofit organization CONRAD, scientists have proposed a new design for studies testing the effectiveness of innovations in the female condom. For a female condom to gain regulatory approval in the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently requires that the product be tested in a large -- and often expensive -- phase III contraceptive-effectiveness trial. CONRAD held the workshop specifically so that experts on female condoms and semen biomarkers could explore acceptable alternatives to this type of trial. The experts identified the well-studied biomarker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the most promising marker to pursue for this application. The new study design uses PSA to show the presence of semen in the vagina, which should be a more reliable indicator of clinical condom failure than is the incidence of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection. A report of the workshop and the details of the study design are published in the journal Contraception. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | STUDY DESIGN | WORKSHOPS | FEMALE CONDOMS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | CONDOM FAILURE | SEMEN | ANTIGENS | VAGINA | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Education | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Condoms | Seminal Vesicles | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Immunologic Factors | Immunity | Immune System | Genitalia, Female Document Number: 331704 |
| 2. Title: Constructive men's engagement in reproductive health: a training-of-trainers' manual. Couple communication and shared decisionmaking related to reproductive health. Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative; Care International. Keneya Ciwara; Mali. Ministere de la Sante. Division de la Sante Reproductive Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2009 May. 26 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: This curriculum was developed as part of a USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1 project focused on building an enabling policy and institutional environment for constructive men's engagement (CME) in reproductive health in Mali. The project worked with the Ministry of Health and other partners in facilitating the process of creating national guidelines to integrate CME in family planning and reproductive health (FP / RH) and to improve women's and men's uptake of FP / RH services. The project brought together the assembly of a large, multisectoral group of stakeholders to develop, refine, and validate Mali's national guidelines in support of the national Reproductive Health Strategic Plan. The Minister of Health quickly approved the guidelines and signed them into effect on May 20, 2008. This document contains the manual used in the pilot workshops with relais communautaires. It is designed to enable community health educators to incorporate activities related to constructive men's engagement in reproductive health (CME-RH) in their daily work. This includes promoting dialogue among men and women to increase couple communication and shared decisionmaking related to FP / RH. As such, it can be adapted in other settings, based on local needs. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | MANUAL | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUPLES | DECISION MAKING | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | WORKSHOPS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Training Programs | Education | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Document Number: 331535 |
| 3. Title: Starting with the classroom: updating family planning knowledge in East Africa. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2009 Feb. [2] p. (Voices No. 28) Abstract: In Kenya, a dedicated midwifery tutor is working hard to train students at Aga Khan University but worries that he isn't teaching them the latest information and techniques. Many of his fellow instructors are in the same situation. "We had our last refresher training ten years ago," he laments. In Tanzania, a midwifery tutor from Tumaini University Faculty of Nursing observes, "Many nurses who are providing service have never been updated on new issues [in family planning]. It will be our responsibility to see how we can help as a training institution because we will send our students to some of these clinics." To build instructors' capacity and address the knowledge gaps, the Capacity Project partnered with East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA) Health Community and Africa's Health in 2010 to deliver a week-long workshop on Contemporary Issues in Family Planning for midwifery tutors in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Held in Dar es Salaam in April 2008, the workshop updated the knowledge of 22 tutors and enabled them to teach their students more effectively. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation showed the workshop to be highly successful. Average scores climbed from 58% on the pre-test to 81% on the post-test. Additionally, 94% reported that they have used the workshop information and resources to update their colleagues. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | NURSE-MIDWIVES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | USAID | CAPACITY BUILDING | WORKSHOPS | CONTRACEPTION | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | AUDIOVISUAL AIDS | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Management | Educational Methods | Educational Activities Document Number: 325236 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Engaging parliamentarians as advocates for women's health: findings from Kenya and Namibia. Author: Caffrey P; Weiss E; Wood L; Connor E; Orza L; Trasi R Source: Global Public Health. 2009;4(3):271-83. Abstract: Members of parliament (MPs) are well placed to promote national health policies that improve women's access to quality health care, including HIV services. To catalyse political will and leadership, the International Centre for Research on Women, Centre for the Study of AIDS at the University of Pretoria, International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS and Realising Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, conducted the Parliamentarians for Women's Health project in select African countries. This paper focus on participatory community assessments - a methodology used by the project to improve MPs' understanding of women's health issues, particularly HIV/AIDS, and to increase their engagement with civil society in order to better represent women's health needs and concerns. In-depth interviews with eight MPs from Kenya and Namibia highlight the value of the assessments in identifying women's health problems and service gaps. The MPs reported that they undertook various activities after the assessments, including gathering more information about women's health from local communities, pushing for new parliamentary committees to be a platform for health issues, using the information from the assessments to inform policy, more carefully reviewing budget allocations and establishing relationships with civil society. Participatory methods can be used to meet political leaders' needs for information and communities' needs to influence policymaking that affects their lives. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | ADVOCACY | CIVIL SOCIETY | HEALTH POLICY | HIV PREVENTION | PARTICIPATION | WORKSHOPS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Communication | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Behavior | Behavior | Education Document Number: 341393 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Understanding the context of male and transgender sex work using peer ethnography. Author: Collumbien M; Quereshi AA; Mayhew SH; Rizvi N; Rabbani A; Rolfe B; Verma RK; Rehman H; Naveed-i-Rahat Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 2):ii3-ii7. Abstract: Objectives: To distinguish between three distinct groups of male and transgender sex workers in Pakistan and to demonstrate how members of these stigmatised groups need to be engaged in the research process to go beyond stated norms of behaviour. Methods: A peer ethnography study was undertaken in a major city in Pakistan. 15 male and 15 transgender sex workers were trained as peer researchers to each interview three peers in their network. Analysis was based on interviews with peer researchers as well as observation of dynamics during training and analysis workshops. Results: The research process revealed that, within the epidemiological category of biological males who sell sex, there are three sociologically different sexual identities: khusras (transgender), khotkis (feminised males) and banthas (mainstream male identity). Both khusras and khotkis are organised in strong social structures based on a shared identity. While these networks provide emotional and material support, they also come with rigid group norms based on expected "feminine" behaviours. In everyday reality, sex workers showed fluidity in both behaviour and identity according to the situational context, transgressing both wider societal and group norms. The informal observational component in peer ethnography was crucial for the accurate interpretation of interview data. Participant accounts of behaviour and relationships are shaped by the research contexts including who interviews them, at what stage of familiarity and who may overhear the conversation. Conclusions: To avoid imposing a "false clarity" on categorisation of identity and assumed behaviour, it is necessary to go beyond verbal accounts to document the fluidity of everyday reality. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | HOMOSEXUALS | SEX WORKERS | PEER GROUPS | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | STIGMA | WORKSHOPS | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Social Problems | Education | Psychological Factors Document Number: 340119 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Mobilizing men as partners: the results of an intervention to increase dual protection among Nigerian men. Author: Exner TM; Mantell JE; Adeokun LA; Udoh IA; Ladipo OA; Delano GE; Faleye J; Akinpelu K Source: Health Education Research. 2009 Apr 9; Abstract: This quasi-experimental, proof-of-concept study evaluated the effects of an intervention designed to help Nigerian men decrease risk for HIV/sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. The intervention was delivered in groups during two 5-hour workshops, with a monthly 2-hour check-in session. A comparison condition consisted of a group-based half-day didactic workshop. Based on recruitment area, 149 men were assigned to the intervention and 132 to the comparison. Men were evaluated at baseline and 3-month post-intervention. At follow-up, men assigned to the intervention were almost four times more likely than comparison men to report condom use at last intercourse (P < 0.001) and to report fewer unprotected vaginal sex occasions, greater self-efficacy for negotiation, a more egalitarian power dynamic in their primary relationship, more positive expectations for condom use and greater intention for future consistent condom use (all P values < 0.05). Findings suggest that this intervention is both feasible and effective. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | WORKSHOPS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 341487 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Cultural scripts for multiple and concurrent partnerships in southern Africa: Why HIV prevention needs anthropology. Author: Leclerc-Madlala S Source: Sexual Health. 2009;6(2):103-110. Abstract: Background: Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships have been identified as southern Africa's key behavioural driver of HIV, resulting in calls to make partner reduction programming central to an intensified HIV prevention focus. Various efforts are currently being made in the region in response to this call. Such efforts will likely have as limited success as past prevention efforts if the cultural milieu in which sexual partnering practices are located and reproduced remains poorly understood, unaccounted for, and unaddressed in prevention programming. Methods: Focussed ethnographic discussions were held between October 2007 and November 2008 with 228 members of southern African non-government organisations representing seven countries. Discussions formed part of follow-up activities to a high level regional meeting and were aimed at exploring contextual factors in HIV transmission, most especially the role of culture in relation to multiple and concurrent partnerships. Results: Common patterns in cultural scripts for the performance of sexuality were discernable. Several predominant scripts that tend to affirm and lend cultural legitimacy to multiple and concurrent partnering were identified, discussed and analysed. Conclusion: Effectuating change at the level of cultural scripting to discourage multiple and concurrent partnerships is required for sustainable long-term protection of people and communities against HIV. The success of partner reduction programs will be largely determined by the extent to which they are informed by anthropological knowledge and work with cultural logics to allow people to envision how they can transform obstacles into support for risk reduction. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SOUTHERN | CRITIQUE | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CULTURE | HIV PREVENTION | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | SEXUALITY | INFIDELITY | SEXUAL ABUSE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | WORKSHOPS | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sexual Partners | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Personality | Psychological Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Education Document Number: 342231 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Critical next steps for female condom research - report from a workshop. Author: Mauck CK; Weaver MA; Schwartz JL; Walsh T; Joanis C Source: Contraception. 2009 May;79(5):339-44. Abstract: In addition to a standard slippage and breakage study, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) currently requires a contraceptive effectiveness trial to be carried out as part of the pathway to regulatory approval for new female condoms. In an attempt to explore acceptable alternatives to expensive and resource-consuming Phase 3 contraceptive effectiveness trials, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) recently requested that CONRAD organize a 1-day meeting of investigators in the female condom and semen biomarker fields. The charge to the group was to devise a study design that would validate a biomarker against a biological end point, such as pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI), so that the validated marker could be used to augment a slippage and breakage study for approval of new female condoms, eliminating the need for the currently required contraceptive effectiveness trial. The meeting was entitled "Critical Next Steps for Female Condom Research - A Meeting/Workshop" and was convened by CONRAD in Arlington, VA, on July 8, 2008, with USAID support. Afterward, a working group of clinical researchers continued deliberations via teleconference and wrote the following report. After exploring the pros and cons of several biological markers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was identified as the most promising one to pursue for this application because of the extensive, previous work involving that marker. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | EVALUATION RESEARCH | CLINICAL TRIALS | WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMALE CONDOMS | WORKSHOPS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CANCER | ANTIGENS | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Neoplasms | Diseases | Immunologic Factors | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Safety | Public Health | Health Document Number: 330937 |
| 9. Title: The Safe Schools program: a qualitative study to examine school-related gender-based violence in Malawi. Author: Centre for Educational Research and Training; DevTech Systems Source: [Washington, D.C.], DevTech Systems, 2008 Jan. [102] p. Abstract: The Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) is a five-year project under the U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, Office of Women in Development. The objective of Safe Schools is to create safe environments for both girls and boys that promote gender-equitable relationships and reduce school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) by working in partnership with children, youth, parents, teachers, schools and communities. This report summarizes the results of the participatory learning and action (PLA) research activity conducted in October and November 2005 to help raise awareness, involvement, and accountability at national, institutional, community and individual levels of SRGBV in the Machinga District in the Southern Region of Malawi. Altogether, 952 pupils participated in the PLA workshops. The focus group discussions included more than 2,000 participants. In addition, 370 key informants including traditional leaders, initiation counselors, members of school management committees and parent teacher associations, head teachers, government Primary Education Advisers, religious leaders, members of the school disciplinary committees (where these existed) and club patrons were interviewed. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | STUDENTS | SCHOOLS | VIOLENCE | GENDER ISSUES | SAFETY | WORKSHOPS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Education | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Crime | Social Problems Document Number: 323698 |
| 10. Title: Training guide for HIV Counseling and Testing for Youth: a Manual for Providers. Author: Family Health International [FHI]; International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]. Western Hemisphere Region [WHR]; Population Services International [PSI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. 140 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: This guide was developed to train providers to use HIV Counseling and Testing for Youth: A Manual for Providers. The training guide emphasizes an integrated approach to counseling youth during HIV testing. It features interactive exercises, participant practice sessions, PowerPoint slides, and other training tools. Among topics covered are an introduction to integrated counseling and testing services, clinical and nonclinical models of counseling and testing, major steps in providing integrated counseling and testing, an overview of sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy prevention methods, social marketing, and community support for integrated youth services. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | COUNSELORS | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | YOUTH PROGRAMS | WORKSHOPS | ROLE PLAYING | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | SEXUALITY | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | SOCIAL MARKETING | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Personality | Psychological Factors | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 331692 |
| 11. Title: Through the eyes of a child: Refugee children speak about violence. A report on participatory assessments carried out with refugee and returnee children in Southern Africa, 2005-2007. Author: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR] Source: [Geneva, Switzerland], UNHCR, [2008]. 26 p. Abstract: Children living as refugees and returnees in eight sub-Saharan Africa locations are suffering not only due to their refugee and returnee status, but also other factors over which they have no control: hostility and violence from local people (arising largely from competition over scarce resources and services), and pervasive sexual and gender-based violence. Children encounter violence and sexual assault in schools, communities and homes. Yet these problems are rarely acknowledged and the voices of young refugees are rarely heard. Between 2005 and 2007 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) carried out a series of groundbreaking Participatory Assessments (PAs) with children living in refugee and returnee situations in Southern Africa to discover: how children are being treated, how they perceive the violence with which they are often faced, how they cope, and what suggestions they have for improving their situation. The holding of such assessments forms part of UNHCR's strategy for Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming (AGDM), the overall aim of which is to promote gender equality and the rights of all refugees. The information gathered during the assessments served as the basis for Action Plans designed to address the various issues raised. Moreover, through this participatory methodology, UNHCR sought to give refugee and returnee children a voice in defining and resolving their problems, and to ensure that their voice was heard by adults. Thus an important outcome of the PAs was that the attention of UNHCR and partner staff, as well as parents and caregivers, was drawn to the needs and rights of children and their obligation to fulfil them. This process was empowering for the young people -who are generally among the world's most disempowered -and is contributing to redressing some of their concerns as Action Plans are implemented. Language: English Keywords: ANGOLA | BOTSWANA | MALAWI | MOZAMBIQUE | NAMIBIA | SOUTH AFRICA | ZAMBIA | ZIMBABWE | REFUGEES | CHILDREN | VIOLENCE | SEXUAL ABUSE | WORKSHOPS | PARTICIPATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Social Behavior Document Number: 327740 |
| 12. Title: Changes in HIV/AIDS knowledge among early adolescents in Puerto Rico. Author: Fernandez DM; Figueroa WI; Gomez Mde L; Maysonet J; Olivares ER; Hunter RF Source: Ethnicity and Disease. 2008 Spring;18(2 Suppl 2):S2-146-50. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: One of the factors that influences HIV risk behavior among early adolescents is their HIV/AIDS knowledge. The objectives of this study were 1) to describe the sociodemographic features and HIV/AIDS knowledge among Puerto Rican early adolescents participating in the ASUMA (A Supportive Model for HIV Risk Reduction in Early Adolescents) project; and 2) to assess changes in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS within the intervention and nonintervention groups after the first year of the study. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of 173 early adolescents after 12 months of participation in the ASUMA project. The setting of the study was four junior high schools. Baseline and follow-up self-administered questionnaires were issued to the entire study group. The first workshop was developed directed to increase HIV/AIDS knowledge and decrease vulnerability in the group assigned to the intervention. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. RESULTS: 47% of adolescents were cases and 52.6% controls. Most adolescents were 12 years old; 50.3% were boys and 49.7% were girls; 78.6% believe that they could have a good conversation with their parents; and 26.3% reported alcohol use at any time in their lives. A significant increase in HIV/AIDS knowledge was found among adolescents from the intervention group (P < .001), while a nonsignificant increase was found among control adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in HIV/AIDS knowledge was observed among adolescents who participated in the first year of the ASUMA project. This study illustrates the importance of the creation of culturally appropriate instruments and interventions to reduce HIV infection in adolescents. Language: English Keywords: PUERTO RICO | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | HIV PREVENTION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | WORKSHOPS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Education | Child Rearing | Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328747 |
| 13. Title: Human Resources for Health (HRH) action workshop assessment. Author: Fogarty L Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Jul. 21 p. Abstract: The Joint Learning Initiative (JLI) meetings in Abuja (December 2004) and Oslo (February 2005) and other meetings in South Africa (May 2005) and Brazzaville (July 2005) focused global attention on critical human resources for health (HRH) issues, providing much needed high-level support and calls for action to address the HRH crisis. The Capacity Project's HRH Action Workshop series was intended to extend this work by focusing on specific HRH actions and experiences-what is being done in countries, what is working and what is not. The Capacity Project assessed the influence of the workshop on subsequent country-level HRH activities, and found that a combination of the workshop methodology and a meeting of the right participants led to notable HRH action in several countries. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | PROGRESS REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HUMAN RESOURCES | WORKSHOPS | USAID | CAPACITY BUILDING | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | MANPOWER NEEDS | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Education | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Evaluation | Social Planning | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Management Document Number: 308935 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Improved data, methods and tools for the 2007 HIV and AIDS estimates and projections. Author: Ghys PD; Walker N; McFarland W; Miller R; Garnett GP Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2008;84(Suppl 1):i1-i4. Abstract: This introductory article refers to the journal supplement that assembles important new data relating to several assumptions used for the new HIV and AIDS estimates. The collection of methodological papers in the supplement, aim to provide easy access to the scientific basis underlying the latest HIV and AIDS estimates for 2007. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | INDIRECT ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | UNAIDS | WORKSHOPS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | INCIDENCE | PREVALENCE | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Education | Public Health | Health | Measurement Document Number: 323040 |
| 15. Title: Sexuality of women attended in family health program: a social poetic production. Author: Gomes ME; Silveira LC; Petit SH; Brasileiro GM; Almeida AN Source: Revista Latino - Americana De Enfermagem. 2008 May-Jun;16(3):382-8. Abstract: The concept of promotion of health is one of the main axes of current health policies in Brazil. The adoption of this concept implies a change in the care model involving valuing a greater autonomy of subjects to work improving their conditions of life. From this perspective, several elements of health practices have to be reviewed, sexuality among them. Thus, we aimed at producing sexuality concepts as of the knowledge of women cared for in a health unity. This is a qualitative study adopting a social poetic approach. The results pointed out several affections that involve the concept of sexuality going beyond the biological aspect. We understand that this study may help professionals caring for women in a health unity because it broadens the concept of sexuality allowing for reflection on the nursing practice in collective health. Language: EnglishPortugueseSpanish Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | PROMOTION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | SEXUALITY | POETRY | WORKSHOPS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Marketing | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Education | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 329001 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: "We grandmothers know plenty": Breastfeeding, complementary feeding and the multifaceted role of grandmothers in Malawi. Author: Kerr RB; Dakishoni L; Shumba L; Msachi R; Chirwa M Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Mar;66(5):1095-1105. Abstract: This paper has two purposes: first of all, we examine grandmothers' role and views of child feeding practices in northern Malawi, and their influence on younger women's practices. Secondly, we consider the implications of these findings for health promotion activities and models of health education. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a participatory workshop. Findings demonstrate that, to address child feeding practices which have an effect on nutrition, attention must be paid to the broader context that influences child nutrition, including extended family relations. Paternal grandmothers have a powerful and multifaceted role within the extended family in northern Malawi, both in terms of childcare and in other arenas such as agricultural practices and marital relations. Grandmothers often differ in their ideas about early child feeding from conventional Western medicine. Some practices have existed in the area at least since colonial times, and have strong cultural significance. Despite the important integrated role, older women have within households and communities in this part of Malawi, hospital personnel often have disparaging and paternalistic attitudes towards 'grannies' and their knowledge. Health education rarely involves grandmothers, and even if they are involved, their perspectives are not taken into consideration. Hospital staff often reject grandmother knowledge as part of a broader modernization paradigm which views 'traditional knowledge' as backward. Grandmothers view current child health conditions within a broader context of changing livelihood conditions and a high prevalence of HIV/ AIDS. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges of involving grandmothers in health education, and the difficulties of incorporating local knowledge into a medical system that largely rejects it. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | GRANDPARENTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING | BREASTFEEDING | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | INFANT NUTRITION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD CARE | STAFF ATTITUDE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nutrition | Education | Child Rearing | Behavior | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Culture Document Number: 324417 |
| 17. Title: Guide for community assessments on women's health care. Author: Kidd R; Orza L Source: [Washington, D.C.], International Center for Research on Women [ICRW], Parliamentarians for Women’s Health, 2008. 114 p. Abstract: This guide is a tool for civil society organizations and organizations of people living with HIV to improve women's access to health care among communities hard-hit by the AIDS epidemic. The guide is designed to help these organizations facilitate community assessments on women's health care, using participatory methods that involve not only members of the community, but also parliamentarians who may be sympathetic to but lack comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the plight of their women constituents who are struggling with the dual challenge of living with AIDS and having inadequate health care. Through the process of conducting the community assessment, both the service organizations and the parliamentarians emerge with better information about and a more comprehensive understanding of the issues women face, thus equipping them with the information they need to lobby and organize for change. The guide provides information and practical tools on how to conduct community assessments on women's health. It includes lessons drawn from the Parliamentarians for Women's Health project's experience in conducting community assessments in Kenya and Namibia. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | EVALUATION METHODOLOGY | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY | HEALTH PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY WORKERS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | WORKSHOPS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Evaluation | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Education Document Number: 326340 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: The difficulties of conducting maternal death reviews in Malawi. Author: Kongnyuy EJ; van den Broek N Source: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2008;8:42. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal death reviews is a tool widely recommended to improve the quality of obstetric care and reduce maternal mortality. Our aim was to explore the challenges encountered in the process of facility-based maternal death review in Malawi, and to suggest sustainable and logically sound solutions to these challenges. METHODS: SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of the process of maternal death review during a workshop in Malawi. RESULTS: Strengths: Availability of data from case notes, support from hospital management, and having maternal death review forms. Weaknesses: fear of blame, lack of knowledge and skills to properly conduct death reviews, inadequate resources and missing documentation. Opportunities: technical assistance from expatriates, support from the Ministry of Health, national protocols and high maternal mortality which serves as motivation factor. Threats: Cultural practices, potential lawsuit, demotivation due to the high maternal mortality and poor planning at the district level. Solutions: proper documentation, conducting maternal death review in a blame-free manner, good leadership, motivation of staff, using guidelines, proper stock inventory and community involvement. CONCLUSION: Challenges encountered during facility-based maternal death review are provider-related, administrative, client related and community related. Countries with similar socioeconomic profiles to Malawi will have similar 'pull-and-push' factors on the process of facility-based maternal death reviews, and therefore we will expect these countries to have similar potential solutions. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | AUTOPSY | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | WORKSHOPS | CULTURE | MOTIVATION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | RECORDS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Management | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 329183 |
| 19. Title: Engaging boys and men in GBV prevention and reproductive health in conflict and emergency-reponse settings. A workshop module. Author: Mehta M; Bartel D; Castillo T; Nyagah F Source: New York, New York, EngenderHealth, The ACQUIRE Project, 2008. 60 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-03-00006-00) Abstract: This module is designed to build the skills of participants working to engage boys and men in gender-based violence (GBV) prevention and reproductive health (RH) in conflict and other emergency-response settings. This module is for personnel working in conflict and ther emergency-response settings who are interested in engaging boys and men in gender-based violence prevention and reproductive health. This includes those managing or staffing reproductive health, HIV and AIDS, and/or GBV prevention projects in emergency-response settings or conflict zones. Specific audiences to consider targeting are NGO project managers, field staff, health sector coordinators, health promoters, donor representatives, local representatives of ministries of health, and community liaisons working for UNCHR or other U.N. agencies. This module is appropriate for staff that have had some training in gender, GBV prevention, and reproductive health. It serves as an introduction to male engagement in GBV prevention and reproductive health in conflict and emergency-response settings. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | WORKSHOPS | MEN | CHILD, MALE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | BELIEFS | FEMALE ROLE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Health | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Social Behavior | Behavior | Diseases Document Number: 341886 |
| 20. Title: Report of the Regional Workshop on Building Public-Private Linkages to Advance Priority Health Services in Africa, May 7-10, 2008, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Author: O'Hanlon B Source: Bethesda, Maryland, Abt Associates, Private Sector Partnerships-One [PSP-One], 2008 Dec. 75 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-1-00-04-00007-00) Abstract: The purpose of the workshop was to develop national capacity to design and manage partnerships with private sector stakeholders and provide an overview of the selected policy instruments commonly available to Ministries of Health (MOHs) and the public-private partnership (PPP) units. The workshop curriculum was based upon a World Bank Institute course on public policy for the private sector, which was revised for the African context and substantially updated with new information to reflect current trends in private sector provision of health services. Workshop objectives included: developing existing public sector capacity to engage the private sector in the provision of RH / FP and HIV / AIDS-related services in selected Anglophone African countries; creating a network for experiential learning across countries on challenges in strengthening PPPs for RH / FP and HIV / AIDS; strengthening existing relationships and linkages across priority programs within African MOHs to work effectively with theprivate sector in support of national health goals (in general) and RH / FP (in particular); identifying key actions and important next steps for participant countries to design, develop, and manage PPPs following the workshop. The workshop was designed around three thematic areas: 1. Making the case for why it is important to work with the private health sector as a means to help address health challenges in RH / FP and HIV / AIDS; 2. Offering a concise overview of the policy instruments the public sector can utilize to engage and encourage the private health sector to deliver RH / FP and HIV / AIDS services; 3. Designing a partnering process while, at the same time, stressing the management and leadership skills required to implement and sustain a PPP. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | ETHIOPIA | SUMMARY REPORT | WORKSHOPS | HEALTH SERVICES | PUBLIC HEALTH | CAPACITY BUILDING | PRIVATE SECTOR | PLANNING | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331364 |
| 21. Title: Using arts to tackle violence against women and HIV and AIDS. Author: Okech A Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(3):5-7. Abstract: Khayelitsha, a black township, is located some 30 minutes drive from Cape Town. Home to half a million people, it is the third largest township in South Africa and the largest black township in Cape Town. The ethnic makeup of Khayelitsha is approximately 90 per cent African with IsiXhosa as the predominant language. A creation of the former apartheid regime, Khayelitsha emerged out of the relocation in the early 1980s of all ‘legal’ Africans from other townships to this new site. There are high rates of sex-related violence particularly rape of women, including a range of hate crimes against lesbians. Most cases are not reported. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PEER EDUCATORS | COUNSELORS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | HIV PREVENTION | DRAMA AND THEATER | GENDER RELATIONS | IMPACT | WORKSHOPS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Education | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Culture | Gender Issues | Communication Document Number: 323155 |
| 22. Title: Regional Workshop to Use the Findings from Operations Research to Increase the Access, Quality and Integration of Contraceptive Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Author: Rivero-Fuentes ME; Martin A Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2008 Apr. 21 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00012-00) Abstract: In October 2007, the Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS) held a three-day regional workshop in La Antigua, Guatemala, to disseminate results of its operations research projects. The workshop was attended by 60 participants from 11 countries: Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and the United States. Participants included health providers, program managers, non-governmental organization (NGO) directors, bilateral-agreements country representatives, and directors of professional organizations, the list of participants was composed of delegates from Ministries of Health (MOH), Social Security Institutes (SSI), USAID missions, international agencies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). During the workshop, participants received contraceptive technology updates, and learned about effective strategies tested by FRONTIERS to increase access to the IUD and vasectomy, integration of family planning with postpartum, postabortion and PMTCT. Featured were the Balanced Counseling Strategy (BCS), and Systematic Screening. Researchers discussed study results; program managers explained how they were used, and practitioners talked about implementing the interventions. This combination of perspectives successfully transmitted the message that the interventions were not difficult to apply, could have a great impact, and, as one participant wrote on the evaluation form, that "small changes could lead to great results". (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | SUMMARY REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | WORKSHOPS | WOMEN | POSTPARTUM | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | POSTABORTION CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | CONTRACEPTION | SCREENING | COUNSELING | NEEDS | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Puerperium | Reproduction | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Economic Factors | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases Document Number: 331596 |
| 23. Title: Introduction of quality of care and a gender perspective in reproductive health service organizations in Latin America and the Caribbean. Author: Riveros P; Martin A; Vernon R Source: [Washington, D.C.], Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2008 Apr. 12 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. H-RNA-00-98-00012-00) Abstract: In 2005 and with the technical assistance of the Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) Program, The Integrated Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI), a Bolivian network of 33 non-governmental organizations, designed and tested a set of four guidelines to help organizations deliver high quality reproductive health services with a gender perspective. The guidelines 1) present a strategy to certify organizations as "gender sensitive" health care providers; 2) present the knowledge staff members should know to be certified; 3) describe procedures to collect and analyze the data to evaluate implementation of the strategy; and 4) describe how to assess strategy implementation costs. Participating clinics try to comply with a minimum of 80% of 65 indicators to be certified as gender-sensitive health service providers. To do so, they first conduct a baseline study, and then develop plans to improve compliance with indicators that are not met. When they believe they have achieved the desired performance level they are evaluated by external evaluators. Once they do so, they are certified by the parent organization. In PROCOSI's experience, a large proportion of participating clinics were able to improve the quality of services using this strategy. In June 27-29, 2007, a workshop was implemented to train 31 participants from Ministries of Health, Social Security Institutes, multilateral organizations the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), International Planned Parenthood Federation Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR) affiliates and other NGOs in the strategy. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CARIBBEAN | LATIN AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | WORKSHOPS | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Developing Countries | Americas | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management Document Number: 331595 |
| 24. Title: Guiding peer education the Kenyan way. Author: Russell H Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(4):5-7. Abstract: Adolescents are greatly influenced by what their peers say and do. This is particularly true when the adults in their lives are uncomfortable discussing with them sensitive topics such as sex. This leaves their peers as the only source of information and authority. Peer education is thus a vital component of programmes that seek to motivate adolescents to reduce risky sexual behaviours and provide crucial facts on HIV and AIDS. Kenya Girl Guides Association (KGGA) has been collaborating with Family Health International (FHI) on peer education and behaviour change programmes for adolescents since 1999. Recently, KGGA began a new programme with unique features, with technical support from FHI and under the auspices of the USAID-funded AIDS, Population, and Health Integrated Assistance Programme (APHIA II). The innovation is that 32 Girl Guides, whose average age is 13, helped to develop an interactive life skills curriculum and a peer education handbook. The first of these complementary pieces is used for adult-led training for guiding units; the second is for peer education delivered in schools by Girl Guides for classmates ages 10-14. The handbook is now being used in classes 4 through 7 in at least 750 schools in the Coast and Rift Valley provinces of Kenya and the number will soon increase to more than 900. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | EVALUATION REPORT | CHILD, FEMALE | PEER EDUCATORS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | TEACHING MATERIALS | WRITING | WORKSHOPS | GROUP PROCESSES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | GROUP MEETING | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Behavior | Literacy | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Behavior | Women's Status | Training Programs Document Number: 323160 |
| 25. Title: Demographic change in the Arab countries: prospects for the future. Summary of social policies. No. 1. Author: Shakour B Source: Beirut, Lebanon, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia [ESCWA], 2008 Dec 16. 11 p. (E/ESCWA/SDD/2008/Technical Paper.4) Workshop on Reinforcing National Capacities in Responding to the World Programme of Action on Youth: National reports and systematic documentation of accomplishments, Beirut, 17 December 2008. Abstract: Demographic analysis indicates that in the near future the Arab countries will fall into two groups. The first group will consist of those countries enjoying a demographic return from the increased supply of jobs, the fall in the dependency ratio and the resultant increase in savings: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The second group will comprise those countries enjoying a demographic return but one whose onset was too late to fall within the time frame set by the programme of work of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the United Nations? Millennium Declaration of 2000. Both groups will face major challenges and both need to formulate appropriate policies. The first group could face multiple challenges, so it must not miss this opportunity and must make an effort to seize it, especially as it will help these countries carry out their commitments to eradicate poverty and improve the quality of human life. The countries in the second group need to work to accelerate the onset of the demographic dividend by developing population policies that will accelerate fertility reduction and develop human capital. These countries may not manage to halve the material poverty rate by 2015, but they may be able to reduce human poverty. They could do this by directing their policies towards human welfare, especially in the countries that suffer from human poverty in addition to the poverty of income. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | YOUTH | POLICYMAKERS | WORKSHOPS | CAPACITY BUILDING | SOCIAL POLICY | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION PROJECTION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POLITICAL FACTORS | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Estimation Techniques | Planning | Age Distribution Document Number: 331362 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Improving the delivery room setting in developing countries: the opinion of local health caregivers. Author: Trevisanuto D; Lincetto O; Doglioni N; Micaglio M; Zanardo V Source: Acta Paediatrica. 2008;97(8):1945-1048. Abstract: Neonatal mortality has remained steady or increased in many developing countries. A pragmatic approach to the organization of the delivery room setting, where a large part of neonatal deaths occurs, could detect the priorities for potential ameliorative interventions. We evaluated the local health caregivers' opinions regarding the priority areas for improving the hospital delivery room setting in developing countries. Twenty-eight participants to a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop were asked to fill out an anonymous, written questionnaire regarding the priorities that could significantly improve their hospital delivery room setting. The three most important interventions for improving the delivery room setting were classified as following: education of all staff in newborn care (28%), optimize doctor-nurse/patient ratio (15%), equipment (14%), maternal-antenatal care (13%), role and responsibilities (8%), salary (8%), neonatal intensive care unit facilities (6%), availability of a specialized team for neonatal resuscitation (5%) and improve the building (3%). Education of health staff in newborn care, personnel organization and equipment availability are valued as high priorities by local health caregivers for improving the delivery room setting in developing countries. The opinion of operators involved in maternal and neonatal health may contribute to better design interventions in setting with limited resources. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | CHILDBIRTH | PERCEPTION | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | WORKSHOPS | HOSPITALS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | TRAINING PROGRAMS | CLIENT-STAFF RATIO | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | ANTENATAL CARE | WAGES | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Education | Health Facilities | Management | Organization and Administration | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 326441 |
| 27. Title: My story: implementing a grief and loss program in a remote village in Zambia. Author: Williams SJ Source: Nursing Forum. 2008 Oct-Dec;43(4):223-37. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe one nurse's experience in implementing a grief and loss program for caregivers, teachers, and guardians of orphans in a remote village in Zambia. Nursing professionals at a Texas university responded to the needs of this underserved community because of the high death rate caused by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The rewarding experience produced successful outcomes in terms of spiritual service, and continued efforts toward achieving social justice. Evaluation results proved that a distance approach to implementing grief and loss initiatives in Zambia is achievable. Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | RURAL POPULATION | NURSES AND NURSING | TEACHERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | EMOTIONS | WORKSHOPS | AIDS | DEATH | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | INEQUALITIES | DISTANCE EDUCATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 331073 |
| 28. Title: The Inkunzi Isematholeni Project for young boys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2007 Winter;(4):17-19. Abstract: TAI, Targeted AIDS Interventions, is a South African NGO in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal state. In 1998, it started the Shosholoza AIDS Project, which targets young men between the ages of 15 and 18. After much consideration, it was decided to use soccer (South Africa's most popular sport) as a means of mobilizing and motivating the participants. In collaboration with the South African Football Association (SAFA) eight affiliated teams were selected and underwent a three-day training workshop, which concentrated on issues such as sexuality, puberty, STIs, HIV and AIDS, communication skills and project planning. Time was given for the peer educators to first come to terms with HIV in their own lives. When the groups felt prepared, they began to implement small projects within their communities: holding training workshops for neighbouring soccer teams; organizing HIV-oriented soccer events; engaging spectators at matches; distributing condoms; and holding personal sessions with friends. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | STUDENTS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | PEER EDUCATORS | SEX EDUCATION | HIV PREVENTION | WORKSHOPS | SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY | GENDER ISSUES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Education | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 314268 |
| 29. Title: Mainstreaming HIV and AIDS: Misconceptions, practical experiences and lessons learnt. Source: Local Government Bulletin. 2007;9(2):16-19. Abstract: Despite the growing interest in the concept, there are many misconceptions about what mainstreaming actually means. For instance, HIV awareness-raising or education initiatives by municipal departments, such as erecting HIV information signboards in municipal parks, while potentially useful, do not constitute mainstreaming. In this contribution we aim to clarify the concept of mainstreaming HIV/AIDS. We also share some experiences and lessons from eThekwini municipality, which has had an interdepartmental mainstreaming forum in place since 2003 and has gained practical insights which could be useful for any municipality interested or already involved in mainstreaming. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | DECENTRALIZATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | CAPACITY BUILDING | WORKSHOPS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | INTERNET | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Organization and Administration | Programs | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health | Program Sustainability | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Information Networks | Communication Document Number: 318190 |
| 30. Title: Central Asia Republics final report, January 2001, for USAIDS's Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care (IMPACT) Project. Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care Project [IMPACT] Source: Arlington, Virginia, FHI, 2007 Jul. 7 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00017-00) Abstract: In fiscal year 2000, the USAID/Central Asia regional mission requested the Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care Project (IMPACT) to conduct an assessment to suggest where USAID could best respond to HIV prevention in the Central Asia Republics (CAR). The purpose of this initial assessment was to assess data gaps, contextual and policy constraints, identify implementing and collaborating groups, and to make recommendations regarding prevention interventions in three cities/regions - one each in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. IMPACT conducted this assessment in January 2001. The IMPACT assessment team recommended increasing local capacity to effectively and expeditiously mount a comprehensive prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS. The recommended areas of focus were outreach and service delivery to high-risk groups, personnel, organizational capacity development, information technology, communication, training, and education. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ASIA | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | SYSTEMS ANALYSIS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | CAPACITY BUILDING | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | WORKSHOPS | |