1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Heterosexual anal sex: part of an expanding sexual repertoire? [editorial] Author: Leichliter JS Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2008 Nov;35(11):910-1. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | UNITED KINGDOM | CRITIQUE | CLIENTS | RESPONDENTS | HIV TESTING | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | ANAL SEX | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | TRANSMISSION | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Europe, Western | Europe | Programs | Organization and Administration | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 329325 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: University partnership to address the shortage of healthcare professionals in Africa. Author: Tache S; Kaaya E; Omer S; Mkony CA; Lyamuya E Source: Global Public Health. 2008 Apr;3(2):137-148. Abstract: The shortage of qualified health professionals is a major obstacle to achieving better health outcomes in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa. The role of health science universities in addressing this shortage is to provide quality education and continuing professional development opportunities for the healthcare workforce. Academic institutions in Africa, however, are also short of faculty and especially under-resourced. We describe the initial phase of an institutional partnership between the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) and the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) centred on promoting medical education at MUHAS. The challenges facing the development of the partnership include the need: (1) for new funding mechanisms to provide long-term support for institutional partnerships, and (2) for institutional change at UCSF and MUHAS to recognize and support faculty activities that are important to the partnership. The growing interest in global health worldwide offers opportunities to explore new academic partnerships. It is important that their development and implementation be documented and evaluated as well as for lessons to be shared. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | TANZANIA | UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | UNIVERSITIES | HUMAN RESOURCES | ECONOMIC FACTORS | CAPACITY BUILDING | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | SCHOOLS, NURSING | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 326801 |
| 3. Title: Securing the future: a case for improving clinical education in reproductive health [editorial] Author: Lazarus CJ; Brown S; Doyle Ll Source: Contraception. 2007 Feb;75(2):81-83. Abstract: Over the past decade, it has become more widely recognized that reproductive health is an inextricable part of overall patient health and well-being. The need for high-quality reproductive health care in this country is reinforced by familiar statistics: nearly half of all pregnancies each year are unintended, an estimated 19 million new STIs occur annually, one in four individuals living with HIV is not aware of their status, and so on. The range of reproductive health care needs patients experience across the lifespan underscores the importance of training health care professionals to appropriately address these concerns in practice. Teaching reproductive health-specific content in medical schools, training programs for advanced practice clinicians, and other health profession institutions helps to ensure that future providers are well prepared to meet patients' comprehensive health care needs. Many providers do not routinely take a sexual health history from their patients -- a critical first step in eliciting reproductive health concerns and establishing a comfortable environment for discussing these sensitive issues. Why is this? The number one reason cited by health care professionals is "lack of training". Other common reasons, such as embarrassment or belief that sexual health is not relevant to the patient's visit, are also related to inadequate training. Research shows that providers' comfort with and practice of discussing sexual health issues with patients improve when they are trained on the "whys and hows" of sexual history taking. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | CRITIQUE | MEDICAL STUDENTS | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CURRICULUM | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Students | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Training Programs Document Number: 311481 |
| 4. Title: Video killed the radio star: the effects of music videos on adolescent health. Author: Ashby SL; Rich M Source: Adolescent Medicine Clinics. 2005 Jun;16(2):371-393. Abstract: Music videos represent a distinct form of media. Popular music and television are linear, often narrative forms that are attractive to, and extensively used by, youth; this makes the melding of the two popular and powerful. Music induces strong emotions that can make individuals more susceptible to changes in attitude or behavior [4,5]. Multiple studies demonstrated the influence of visual media on risky attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among adolescents [6-21]. Combined in a music video, music and visuals may enhance, redirect, or contrast with the effects of the lyrics and introduce new aspects to the media experience that were not understood or considered previously by the viewer. The combination of music and video may be synergistic in their effect on adolescent attitudes and behavior [22,23]. Once music establishes a mood, the lyrics and images that are portrayed may have more impact than either form alone. Music can alter an individual’s receptivity to visual presentation. A study from the early years of music television found that the enhancement of rock music with a visual component increased appreciation of the music [22]. Conversely, research shows that after watching music videos, the visual images persist with the viewer even when that individual is listening to an audio-only version of a song; most music video viewers “always” or “frequently” thought of content from the music video when listening to the corresponding music [24,25]. Rubin et al [26] demonstrated that college students assessed music videos more positively and believed that they were more “potent” than music alone. As a result of this powerful synergy, music videos’ handling of frequently portrayed health-related topics, such as sex; violence; and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs may have an even stronger effect on adolescent attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding these subjects than music or television alone. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | TELEVISION | MUSIC VIDEO | IMPACT | VIOLENCE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | GENDER ISSUES | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Film and Video | Behavior | Social Problems | Health Document Number: 291509 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Political violence and public health in Haiti. [Violence politique et santé publique en Haïti][Violencia política y salud pública en Haití] Author: Farmer P Source: New England Journal of Medicine. 2004 Apr 8;350(15):1483-1486. Abstract: In the years since 1994, the nongovernmental organization Partners in Health has been able to forge strong public–private partnerships throughout central Haiti. During the past three years, for example, we have scaled up an integrated AIDS prevention and care project in this region. With support from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, about 1000 patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease are currently receiving supervised, community based care and treatment. Working in conjunction with under funded public health clinics, we were witness to the reinvigoration of primary health care in many of the major towns in central Haiti. But recently, a long-simmering conflict in Haiti has erupted and threatens to reverse these important gains. There is no denying that Haiti’s 33rd coup d’etat brings an end to constitutional rule. As physicians and health workers, we must note that Haiti’s only large public teaching hospital has been paralyzed by violence and dissent. For years, economic pressure resulting largely, though not wholly, from an international embargo on loans and aid has left almost nothing to invest in the care of the destitute sick. For a sense of how meager the health investments have been, consider the experience of an American doctor who commutes between a Harvard teaching hospital and a squatter settlement in central Haiti. Revenues for the entire Republic of Haiti, population 8.3 million, were less than $300 million in 2003. During the same year, revenues for a single Harvard teaching hospital — and there are 17 Harvard teaching hospitals — were pegged at $1.3 billion. Most Haitians, the poor majority, simply go without modern health care even in the absence of political turmoil. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: Desde 1994, la organización no gubernamental Partners in Health ha logrado establecer fuertes vínculos entre los sectores público y privado en la zona central de Haití. Durante los últimos tres años, por ejemplo, se ha llevado a cabo un proyecto de prevención y atención del SIDA en esta región. Con el apoyo del Fondo mundial para combatir el SIDA, la Tuberculosis y la Malaria, aproximadamente 1000 participantes con enfermedad provocada por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en estado avanzado reciben en la actualidad atención y tratamiento supervisados y basados en la comunidad. En el trabajo conjunto con centros de salud pública de escasos recursos financieros, fuimos testigos del nuevo ímpetu de la atención médica primaria en muchas de las principales ciudades de la región central de Haití. No obstante, recientemente, en el país estalló un conflicto de larga data que amenaza con invertir estos importantes logros. Resulta evidente que el trigésimotercer golpe de estado en Haití concluye el estado de derecho constitucional. Como médicos y trabajadores de la salud, debemos tener en cuenta que el único hospital docente público importante ha quedado paralizado por la violencia y el disenso. Durante años, la presión económica producto en gran parte, aunque no en su totalidad, de un embargo internacional sobre los préstamos y la ayuda ha dejado prácticamente nada para invertir en la atención de los enfermos indigentes. Para percibir cuan magras han sido las inversiones en salud, imagínese la experiencia de un médico estadounidense que va y viene entre un hospital docente en Harvard y un asentamiento ilegal en la región central de Haití. Las rentas públicas de toda la República de Haití, con una población de 8,3 millones, no alcanzaron los $300 millones de dólares en 2003. Durante el mismo año, los ingresos para un solo hospital docente de Harvard -y hay 17 hospitales docentes de Harvard- se aproximaron a los $1,3 mil millones. La mayoría de los haitianos, una mayoría pobre, simplemente carece de la atención médica moderna incluso en ausencia de disturbios políticos. (extracto) French Abstract: Depuis 1994, l'organisation non gouvernementale Partners in Health a été en mesure de forger des partenariats solides entre secteur privé et secteur public dans la région centrale d'Haïti. Au cours de ces trois dernières années, par exemple, nous avons élargi un projet de prévention intégrée et de soins anti-VIH au sein de cette région. Avec l'aide du Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, (Fond international de lutte contre le SIDA, la tuberculose et le paludisme), environ 1 000 patients atteints de la maladie du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) à un stade avancé reçoivent actuellement des soins communautaires sous surveillance et un traitement. Dans la mesure où nous avons travaillé en étroite collaboration avec des services sanitaires financés par des fonds publics, nous avons été témoins de la revigorisation des soins de santé primaire dans la plupart des grandes villes de la région centrale d'Haïti. Mais tout dernièrement, Haïti s'est retrouvé en proie à un conflit qui couvait depuis longtemps déjà, situation qui risque fort aujourd'hui d'anéantir tous les efforts entrepris jusqu'à présent. Il y a fort à parier que ce trente-troisième coup d'état qui vient de frapper le pays marque la fin du dogme constitutionnel. En tant que médecins et travailleurs sanitaires, nous assistons à la paralysie totale de l'unique grand hôpital universitaire du pays, conséquence directe de la violence et des divergences politiques qui agitent Haïti. Pendant des années, du fait de l'existence de pressions économiques qui, pour la plupart, voire même presque dans leur totalité, émanaient d'un embargo international sur les prêts et l'aide provenant de l'extérieur, les investissements dans le domaine des soins destinés aux malades les plus démunis ont été presque inexistants. Pour avoir une idée précise de cette absence quasi totale d'investissements, il suffit d'établir un comparatif des échanges menés entre un médecin américain et un centre hospitalier universitaire à Harvard, et un établissement de fortune implanté dans la zone centrale d'Haïti. Les recettes pour l'ensemble de la République d'Haïti, dont la population est de 8,3 millions d'habitants, se sont élevées à moins de 300 millions de dollars US en 2003. Au cours de cette même année, les recettes relevant uniquement d'un centre hospitalier universitaire à Harvard - et les centres universitaires hospitaliers à Harvard sont au nombre de 17 - ont été fixées à 1,3 milliard de dollars US. La plupart des Haïtiens, à savoir une population majoritairement pauvre, continuent de vivre sans pour autant pouvoir accéder aux soins de santé moderne, et ce même en absence de tout trouble politique. (extrait) Language: English Keywords: HAITI | UNITED STATES | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | POPULATION AT RISK | POLITICAL FACTORS | VIOLENCE | WAR | PUBLIC HEALTH | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | DISASTER RELIEF | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | North America | Research Methodology | Behavior | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Schools | Education | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 191623 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescents with open-identity sperm donors: reports from 12-17 year olds. Author: Scheib JE; Riordan M; Rubin S Source: Human Reproduction. 2004;20(1):239-252. Abstract: Donor insemination programs can include ‘open-identity’ sperm donors, who are willing to release their identities to adult offspring. We report findings from adolescent offspring who have open-identity donors. Using mail-back questionnaires, youths from 29 households (41.4% headed by lesbian couples, 37.9% by single women, 20.7% by heterosexual couples) reported their experience growing up knowing how they were conceived and their interest in the donor’s identity. Most youths (75.9%) reported always knowing, and were somewhat to very comfortable with their conception origins. All but one felt knowing had a neutral to positive impact on their relationship with their birth mother and, separately, co-parent. The youths’ top question about the donor was, ‘What’s he like?’ and >80% felt at least moderately likely to request his identity and pursue contact. Finally, of those who might contact the donor, 82.8% would do so to learn more about him, with many believing it would help them learn more about themselves. No youth reported wanting money and few (6.9%) wanted a father/child relationship. We also discuss differences found among youths from different household types. The majority of the youths felt comfortable with their origins and planned to obtain their donor’s identity, although not necessarily at age 18. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | SPERM DONOR | PARENTS | IMPACT | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | BEHAVIOR | EMOTIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Artificial Insemination | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Communication | Psychological Factors Document Number: 279546 |
7.  Peer Reviewed Title: Attitudes and intentions of future health care providers toward abortion provision. Author: Shotorbani S; Zimmerman FJ; Bell JF; Ward D; Assefi N Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2004 Mar-Apr;36(2):[13] p.. Abstract: Induced abortion is one of the most common procedures performed among women in the United States. However, 87% of all counties had no abortion provider in 2000, and little is known about the attitudes and intentions of future health care providers, including advanced clinical practitioners, regarding abortion provision. During March 2002, first- and second-year students in health sciences programs (i.e., medicine, physician assistant and nursing) at the University of Washington were anonymously surveyed. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine students' attitudes and intentions regarding provision of abortion services. Of the 312 students who completed the survey, 70% supported the availability of legal abortion under any circumstances. Thirty-one percent intended to provide medical abortion in their practice, and 18% planned to offer surgical abortion. Fifty-two percent of all respondents agreed that advanced clinical practitioners should be able to provide medical abortion, and 37% agreed that they should be able to provide surgical abortion services; however, greater proportions of advanced clinical practitioners (45-83%) than of medical students (21-43%) expressed such support. Sixty-four percent of all respondents were willing to attend a program whose curriculum requires abortion training. Although it may not be possible to require abortion training for every future health care provider, making abortion a standard part of clinical training would provide opportunities for future physicians and advanced clinical practitioners, and would likely ameliorate the abortion provider shortage. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | WASHINGTON | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | ABORTION | ABORTION LAW | ATTITUDE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Students | Education | Schools | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Document Number: 191869 Notification |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Enhancing resident training in abortion and contraception through hospital-community partnership. Author: Sankey HZ; Lewis RS; O'Shea D; Paul M Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 Sep;189(3):644-646. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of a hospital-community rotation in abortion and contraception. STUDY DESIGN: The program was developed and implemented by the Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts (PPLM) and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Baystate Medical Center in November 2000. Abortion and contraceptive training is integrated into postgraduate year 3 and includes didactic presentations and 10 mandatory clinical sessions in first trimester abortion care. RESULTS: Five residents complete the program annually. Before rotation, residents report their competence in first-trimester abortion procedure as 2 on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = not at all comfortable, 5 = very comfortable). After rotation, the reported competency rating is 4.5 on the same scale. Residents, trainers, and staff report high satisfaction with the program. CONCLUSION: A collaborative hospital-community rotation in abortion and contraception increases residents’ clinical competence in these areas and is highly acceptable to residents, faculty, and staff. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MASSACHUSETTS | UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | MEDICAL STUDENTS | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | EDUCATIONAL TECHNICS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | HOSPITALS | CLINICS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Programs | Organization and Administration | Students | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Educational Activities | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health Facilities | Primary Health Care | Health Services Document Number: 187804 Notification |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Use of mandelic acid condensation polymer (SAMMA), a new antimicrobial contraceptive agent, for vaginal prophylaxis. Author: Zaneveld LJ; Anderson RA; Diao XH; Waller DP; Chany C 2d Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2002 Nov;78(5):1107-1115. Abstract: Objective: To assess the contraceptive properties, antimicrobial activity, and safety of mandelic acid condensation polymer (SAMMA). Design: Experimental study of SAMMA’s in vitro and in vivo properties. Setting: Academic research laboratories. Patient(s): Healthy volunteers for semen donation in an academic research environment. Intervention(s): Inhibition of sperm function indicators, conception, sexually transmitted infection– causing pathogens (including HIV), and lactobacilli was evaluated. Safety indicators were studied. Main Outcome Measure(s): Quantitation of SAMMA’s effect on microbial infectivity or multiplication and on sperm function in vitro; evaluation of contraceptive efficacy in vivo; assessment of safety in vitro and in vivo. Result(s): Mandelic acid condensation polymer is not cytotoxic toward lactobacilli, microbial host cells, and spermatozoa. The compound inhibits hyaluronidase and acrosin, induces sperm acrosomal loss, and is contraceptive in the rabbit model. Mandelic acid condensation polymer prevents infectivity of HIV and herpesviruses 1 and 2 and, to a lesser extent, of Chlamydia trachomatis. It inhibits the multiplication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mandelic acid condensation polymer is not mutagenic, has low acute oral toxicity, and is safe in the rabbit vaginal irritation assay. Conclusion(s): Mandelic acid condensation polymer inhibits sperm function, is contraceptive, has broadspectrum antimicrobial activity, and is highly safe. Further development as a microbicide is warranted. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | HUMAN VOLUNTEERS | SPERM DONOR | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | MICROBICIDES | SPERMATOZOA | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Artificial Insemination | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Drugs | Treatment | Germ Cells | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases Document Number: 285357 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Abortion training in U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs, 1998. Author: Almeling R; Tews L; Dudley S Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Nov-Dec;32(6):268-71, 320. Abstract: Since the late 1970s, the number of obstetrics and gynecology residency programs providing abortion training in the US has steadily decreased. Given the documented shortage of abortion providers, assessing and ensuring the availability of abortion training in graduate medical education is critical. In 1998, the National Abortion Federation surveyed the 261 accredited US residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, and analyzed the availability of first- and second-trimester abortion training. Of the 179 programs that responded to the survey, 81% reported that they offer first-trimester abortion training--46% routinely and 34% as an elective. 74% of programs offer second-trimester training--44% routinely and 29% as an elective. Some programs that do not offer training give residents the option of obtaining it elsewhere. While 26% of programs indicated that all residents in their programs receive abortion training, 40% said that fewer than half are trained, including 14% that train no residents. The operating room is the most common training site: 59% of programs reported that abortion training takes place in the operating room. After a decades-long decline in the availability of abortion training, opportunities for abortion training have increased. However, there is no reason to be cautious in interpreting these results, including possible response bias and pressure to report the availability of abortion training because of new guidelines from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ABORTION | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | MEDICAL STUDENTS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | OBSTETRICS | GYNECOLOGY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Schools | Education | Students | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 154011 Notification |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: The rate at which human sperm are immobilized and killed by mild acidity. Author: Olmsted SS; Dubin NH; Cone RA; Moench TR Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2000 Apr;73(4):687-693. Abstract: Objective: To determine the rate at which mild acidity immobilizes and kills human sperm and to evaluate an acidic microbicide, BufferGel, for sperm immobilization. Design: Controlled in vitro study. Setting: An academic research university and hospital andrology lab. Patient(s): Eight volunteer male sperm donors. Intervention(s): Semen samples were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or BufferGel. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sperm motility was measured by using a computerized automated semen analyzer and video microscopy. Sperm membrane permeability and intracellular pH were measured by using fluorescent techniques. Result(s): In semen acidified with HCl to pH 4.0, sperm were rapidly immobilized (within 1 min) and were irreversibly immobilized (killed) within 10 minutes. The speed of immobilization and of killing were both linearly proportional to hydrogen ion activity over a pH range of 7.5– 4.0. Across the same range, the intracellular pH of human sperm equilibrated to within 0.5 pH units of extracellular pH within 1–2 minutes. BufferGel immobilized sperm significantly faster than HCl from pH 4.0–6.0. Conclusion(s): Exposure to mild acidity rapidly acidifies the intracellular pH of human sperm and is rapidly spermicidal. BufferGel accelerates acid immobilization of sperm. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MARYLAND | UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | MEN | SPERM DONOR | TUBAL MOTILITY EFFECTS | SPERMICIDAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Artificial Insemination | Reproductive Technologies | Reproduction | Tubal Effects | Fallopian Tubes | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 284872 |
| 12. Title: Health communication programs: a distance-education class within the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health Distance Education Program. Author: Piotrow PT; Khan OA; Lozare BV; Khan S Source: In: Web-based learning and teaching technologies: opportunities and challenges, [edited by] Anil Aggarwal. Hershey, Pennsylvania, Idea Group Publishing, 2000. :272-81. Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the distance-education curriculum provided by the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. One of the first distance-education courses to be taught over the Internet, the Health Communication Program (HCP) utilizes a wide variety of communication media to support an interactive learning/teaching environment. The goal of the program is to impart principles of health communication and behavior change theory. In structuring the HCP course, the following are important points that were considered: structure, content, video introductions, audio text, textbook, videos from the book, workbook, and costs. Moreover, the issues considered in implementation included challenges in relation to teamwork, interactivity, personal contacts, workbook, and staffing. Evaluation of HCP on its experience has supplied feedback to refine content, address technical issues and find ways to add value through augmenting or deleting existing materials. The evaluation addressed issues in six main categories: teaching team; course materials; Strategic Communication Planning and Evaluation; teamwork; exams; and overall course. Finally, the teaching team identified three major lessons learned: quality costs less; keeping program simple; accessibility; and committed teaching assistants. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | PROGRESS REPORT | SCHOOLS, PUBLIC HEALTH | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION | INTERNET | EDUCATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Schools | Communication | Educational Technics | Educational Activities | Information Networks Document Number: 164539 |
| 13. Title: Pediatric and adolescent gynecology experience in academic and community OB / GYN residency programs in Michigan. Author: Wagner EA; Schroeder B; Kowalczyk C Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 1999 Nov;12(4):215-218. Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess training in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PAG) at the Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) resident level. Setting: Two large Michigan programs were studied: a university-based, inner-city program, and a suburban, community-based program. Seventy-one questionnaires were distributed to the residents, and descriptive and inferential analysis of answers to demographic, training, attitude, and knowledge-based questions regarding PAG was performed. Results: Sixty-one questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 86%. The majority of respondents reported no PAG rotations or clinics and recalled limited didactic sessions with only 0-2 lectures. Ninety-eight percent of university residents and 94% of community residents requested more PAG training. Comfort levels about PAG issues were assessed on a 5 point scale (1 = low, 5 = high comfort); university residents scored 3.7 with pediatric patients and 4.4 with adolescents, and community residents scored 4.0 with the pediatric age group and 4.3 with adolescents. However, both groups responded with familiarity to knowledge based questions only 61% of the time. Conclusions: OB/GYN residents in both academic and community programs report little experience and scant training in PAG but express interest in obtaining the skills and information needed. It is concerning that residents lack the basic knowledge that is required for the routine daily care of this patient population. More emphasis needs to be placed on these issues in OB/GYN residency training programs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | MICHIGAN | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | GYNECOLOGY | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | OBSTETRICS | ATTITUDE | KNOWLEDGE | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Education | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Training Programs Document Number: 299782 |
| 14. Title: International comparison of medical students' perceptions of HIV infection and AIDS. Author: Najem GR; Okuzu EI Source: JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 1998 Dec;90(12):765-74. Abstract: The HIV- and AIDS-related perceptions of students from 2 medical schools in countries with divergent cultures--New Jersey Medical School (Newark, New Jersey, US) and Benin Medical School (Benin City, Nigeria)--were compared in a questionnaire-based survey. Random samples of 151 US and 141 Nigerian medical students were selected. In the Nigerian sample, 48% of respondents were women and 96% were Black; the US sample was 52% women and 15% African American. 38 questionnaire items assessed general knowledge of the transmission and epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, 15 measured attitudes, 18 related to beliefs, and 20 assessed behaviors. US medical students were significantly more knowledgeable than their Nigerian counterparts about HIV/AIDS. 26% of US and 51% of Nigerian students believed all infants born to HIV-positive mothers are infected. Significant proportions of Nigerian students thought HIV could be spread by kissing (12%), using the comb of an AIDS patient (14%), donating blood (34%), sharing bathroom facilities (11%), or by mosquito bites (16%). 13% of US and 29% of Nigerian students did not know that a healthy looking, asymptomatic HIV-infected person can transmit the virus. 24% of Nigerian and 18% of US medical students reported more than 1 sex partner in the year preceding the survey; only 11% and 30%, respectively, always used condoms, while 49% and 31%, respectively, never used this form of protection against HIV. Overall, Nigerian students showed significantly less concern than US students about HIV affecting them or their families and were less alarmed about the severity of the AIDS epidemic. It could not be determined whether this finding reflects cultural differences or deficiencies in the medical school curriculum. However, since misperceptions about HIV/AIDS may adversely affect the willingness of physicians to provide AIDS patients with high-quality care, the AIDS-related curriculum of medical schools should be reviewed. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PERCEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | MEDICAL STUDENTS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Students | Education | Schools Document Number: 138292 |
| 15. Title: A medical student's perspective on education about domestic violence. Author: Congdon TW Source: ACADEMIC MEDICINE. 1997 Jan;72(1 Suppl):S7-9. Abstract: Comprehensive, integrated education on domestic violence during all 4 years of medical school is essential if physicians are to play a role in the prevention and detection of intimate partner violence. However, it is not uncommon for women to present to US hospitals multiple times over a period of years with injuries such as broken bones and stab wounds and not be questioned about the possibility of partner violence. Questions about partner violence should be included in every patient history. Unfortunately, physicians have not been taught what questions to ask and how to ask them with sensitivity. The use of survivors of domestic violence in small group seminars is especially effective for offering medical students the opportunity to overcome biases and practice interviewing skills. Finally, it is essential that residents and attending physicians who work with medical students model a commitment to domestic violence prevention and intervention. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | MEDICAL STUDENTS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Students | Education | Schools | Crime | Social Problems | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 142104 |
| 16. Title: Practical recommendations for supporting medical students and faculty in learning about family violence. Author: Dickstein LJ Source: ACADEMIC MEDICINE. 1997 Jan;72(1 Suppl):S105-9. Abstract: Family violence is an integral component of medical education and material on this topic should be spread among many courses throughout the 4 years of medical school. Medical faculty in the US are just beginning to recognize the complexities of teaching about family violence and the need for medical students to deal effectively with their own attitudes, feelings, and reactions toward abuse victims. Without adequate preparation and supervision, the stress of caring for abused patients can lead to countertransference, compassion fatigue, burnout, denial, and projection. Students with a personal background of exposure to family violence are especially in need of support. This paper presents 10 recommendations for family violence curriculum developers: 1) provide orientation to difficult issues in medicine, including physician impairment; 2) expose students to community and clinical experiences; 3) observe students interviewing abuse survivors; 4) legitimize all personal reactions to work in this area; 5) make available personal support, consultation, and treatment; 6) develop faculty discussion and support groups; 7) communicate a sense of urgency about the importance of family violence education; 8) provide a multimedia resource library for faculty and student use; 9) promote student and faculty scholars through attendance at local and national conferences; and 10) include family violence questions on board examinations. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | CURRICULUM | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | MEDICAL STUDENTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Crime | Social Problems | Education | Schools | Students Document Number: 140309 |
| 17. Title: Family violence issues in obstetrics and gynecology, primary care, and nursing texts. Author: Parsons LH; Moore ML Source: OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 1997 Oct;90(4 Pt 1):596-9. Abstract: Although an estimated 25% of women seen by physicians and nurses have been subjected, at one time, to domestic violence, a lack of provider training about this topic has impeded identification of abused women and the implementation of appropriate interventions. This study analyzed the family violence-related content of 48 medical textbooks and 19 nursing texts published in the US after 1990. Textbook indices were searched for the following keywords: abuse, battered women, domestic violence, elder abuse, rape, sexual abuse, sexual assault, and violence. To compute a domestic violence content score (0-12), 12 items were tabulated: definition of domestic violence, statement of incidence, discussion of the abusive relationship, mental health consequences, physical sequelae, how to screen, who to screen and risk factors, validation of acknowledged survivor, safety assessment and exit plan, need for physical evaluation, recommendation for counseling or mental health referral, and utilization of community resources. Only 37% of physician texts and 62% of nursing texts provided any information on domestic violence. Moreover, only 16% of medical texts and 10% of nursing texts had content scores in the 9-12 range. When texts were analyzed by year of publication, there was no trend for improved coverage in the most recent texts. Editors and authors of future textbooks in obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, and nursing should include coverage of all dimensions of family violence. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | CURRICULUM | GYNECOLOGY | OBSTETRICS | NURSES AND NURSING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Schools | Education | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Personnel Document Number: 140174 |
| 18. Title: Bridging prevention and practice: public health and family violence. Author: Rosenberg ML; Fenley MA; Johnson D; Short L Source: ACADEMIC MEDICINE. 1997 Jan;72(1 Suppl):S13-8. Abstract: A public health approach to the primary prevention of family violence entails surveillance, the identification of risk factors, and the development, evaluation, and dissemination of effective interventions. The US Centers for Disease Control is developing definitions and criteria for family violence, collecting data on the prevalence of partner violence, identifying salient risk factors, and determining which interventions are effective. Once the scientific process has determined effective interventions, the public health community utilizes established systems of information dissemination to deliver this information to practitioners in the community. The integration of efforts by health care, public health, law enforcement, education and public information, and social services is essential. Although physicians are often the first and only point of contact for battered women, they receive little or no education on how to identify, manage, and refer affected women. Education and training for physicians should begin in medical school, with emphasis on the cycle of violence across the life span, development of safety plans, legal options and reporting requirements, and referral methods. Different formats should be used to ensure that all medical students have ample opportunity to practice history taking. Training in family violence prevention is especially important for health care staff in emergency departments, maternal and child health, substance abuse and mental health, migrant and rural health, gerontology, the Indian Health Service, and health services for the homeless. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | PUBLIC HEALTH | CDC | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health | USPHS | Government Agencies | Organizations | Crime | Social Problems | Schools | Education Document Number: 142103 |
| 19. Title: Evaluation of the module on domestic violence at the UCLA School of Medicine. Author: Short LM; Cotton D; Hodgson CS Source: ACADEMIC MEDICINE. 1997 Jan;72(1 Suppl):S75-92. Abstract: In order to provide treatment and support to victims of domestic violence, physicians and other hospital staff must develop skills in identifying abuse cases and an understanding of family violence dynamics. A comprehensive evaluation of the instructional design, implementation, and learning outcomes of the Domestic Violence Module at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine documented the value of such a curriculum. The 4-week module, offered to groups of 8 second-year medical students by faculty tutors, includes practice interviews with simulated family violence victims. Curriculum development specialists who reviewed the module lauded its problem-based learning approach and use of a range of teaching methods. At the same time, evaluators identified a need for more student opportunities to practice and receive feedback on their interviewing skills and to identify personal attitudes that could adversely affect their management of domestic violence cases and for greater consistency across groups in what is taught. Comparison of results of questionnaires completed by 124 UCLA medical students before and after exposure to the module revealed dramatic gains in the ability to diagnose domestic violence and in self-efficacy to intervene in this area, while the scores of 88 nonexposed students from another medical school showed no change from baseline to follow-up. The only component that did not change as a result of the training was students' predisposition to act on suspicions of domestic violence even when the woman was not herself prepared for such action. Language: English Keywords: CALIFORNIA | UNITED STATES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | CURRICULUM | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | MEDICAL STUDENTS | EDUCATIONAL TECHNICS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Programs | Organization and Administration | Crime | Social Problems | Education | Schools | Students | Educational Activities Document Number: 140310 |
| 20. Title: Teaching second-year medical students about wife battering. Author: Thurston WE; McLeod L Source: WOMEN S HEALTH ISSUES. 1997 Mar-Apr;7(2):92-8. Abstract: This paper discusses the necessity to revise the health professional curricula. The reason for this is to change the longstanding practices and attitudes that have failed to promote women's health. However, the change is insufficient as long as there is a body of untrained and biased leadership in practice, which is evident among some health personnel who routinely underestimate the extent of wife abuse in their clients. Moreover, in a study of hospital emergency departments, 28% believed that less than 1% of emergency room patients were victims of violence and only 13% estimated 10% or more. In addition, a survey of family therapists found that 60% did not believe that family violence was a significant problem among their clients. Another study found that 40% did not recognize clear evidence of violence in the vignettes provided. In view of these findings, it is concluded that even if we succeed in educating medical students, their role models and supervisors may be less informed and may undo the work done by teachers with scorn and ridicule. Hence, a comprehensive approach to continuing and postgraduate medical education is needed to support the efforts of medical school teaching. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | PHYSICIANS | EDUCATION | CURRICULUM | MEDICAL STUDENTS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Students | Crime | Social Problems | Schools Document Number: 145770 |
| 21. Title: Intimate partner abuse: developing a framework for change in medical education. Author: Warshaw C Source: ACADEMIC MEDICINE. 1997 Jan;72(1 Suppl):S26-37. Abstract: Physicians' effectiveness with victims of domestic violence requires a model based on the principles of prevention, safety, empowerment, advocacy, accountability, and social change. The incorporation of these principles into clinical practice requires, in turn, a paradigm shift in the structure of medical education from biomedical models to a more comprehensive framework. Such a model would include recognition of the individual and societal forces that generate and sustain abuse, contextual factors that mediate women's experiences of abuse and shape their options, and individual and systemic factors that shape providers' responses. This perspective makes it easier to consider, for example, that psychiatric symptoms may actually be adaptive coping methods or survival strategies. Traditional medical teaching formats do not provide opportunities to address the attitudes and feelings that may affect a clinician's ability to provide appropriate care or to acquire the skills necessary for an optimal response. Role plays, faculty modeling, video and in-person observation, and simulated patients are useful tools for helping medical students learn to interact in ways that are not retraumatizing or disempowering to patients. Recognizing the potentially abusive aspects of medical training and creating environments that do not permit such behavior are important both to improving the health sector's response to domestic violence and creating a society that does not tolerate abuse. Informed by a broader perspective, medical students are less likely to accept the constraints of their practice environments and may join with others to bring about social change. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | WOMEN | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | MEDICINE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Crime | Social Problems | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 142101 |
| 22. Title: A de-facto end to abortion in USA? [editorial] Source: Lancet. 1996 Apr 20;347(9008):1055. Abstract: It is argued that the latest attempt by the US Congress to allow medical education institutions and individuals to refuse to teach or to perform abortions violates women's choices and interferes with medical education. The argument is made that medical education under such legislation could refuse to train doctors in procedures that were unpopular or not sufficiently profitable, without a loss of federal dollars or loss of accreditation from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Legislation has been proposed by members who assert that a ban against "discrimination" is needed in order to protect institutions and individuals that refuse to teach or learn abortion. Anti-choice groups in Congress have already pressured ACGME into allowing programs the right to refuse to teach abortion as long as these programs also allow medical residents to learn the procedure elsewhere. Prior ACGME posturing strongly supported abortion seekers' right to properly qualified physicians who were not coerced into learning or performing abortions. ACGME and this Lancet editorial support the "conscience clause" that gives residents the right to object on religious or moral grounds to learn how to perform abortions. It is posited that the trends reflect a greater denial of access to abortion services for American women. Trends include actions such as the passage in January 1995 of legislation that bans abortions at US military hospitals, in federal prisons, in health insurance plans covering federal employees, and among women receiving Medicaid. President Clinton vetoed recent legislation that would have banned very late abortions. The current bill in Congress would allow medical residents and programs to refuse abortions on any grounds. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | ABORTION | LEGISLATION | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | EDUCATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | WOMEN | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Schools | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 112937 Notification |
| 23. Title: Should abortion training be a requirement of obstetrics and gynecology residencies? Commentary. Author: Bowes WA Jr Source: NORTH CAROLINA MEDICAL JOURNAL. 1996 Mar-Apr;57(2):108-9. Abstract: Techniques needed to perform elective abortions are the same as those used to treat incomplete spontaneous or missed abortions and second-trimester fetal deaths, or to perform fetal diagnostic procedures. The performance of induced abortions should not be required for accreditation of an obstetrics-gynecology residency, and residents should be allowed to complete their residencies without performing them, although they should know the procedures noted above. Fourth-year students who wish to perform induced abortions should apply to those residency programs that offer the experience. Of the 274 US residency programs in the 1994 APGO / CIBA "Directory of Residencies in Obstetrics and Gynecology," 3% required residents to perform first trimester induced abortions; 1.5% required second trimester abortions; 89% offered elective first trimester abortions; and 82% offered elective second trimester abortions. The Committee on Ethics of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated, on April 12, 1994, that the provision of this training in residency programs violated the moral integrity of some institutions and should not be mandatory. The problem is not a lack of training; most obstetrician-gynecologists, who have dedicated their lives to enhancing and supporting fetal life, find the performance of abortions to be draining and unpleasant. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | CRITIQUE | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | TRAINING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | GYNECOLOGY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Education | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 118139 Notification |
| 24. Title: Knowledge and attitudes of hospital-based physicians and trainees about HIV infection in the United States, Canada, India, and Thailand. Author: Brachman P Jr; Kozarsky P; Cetron M; Jacob MS; Boonitt B; Wongsrichanalai J; Keystone JS Source: ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. 1996 Apr 8;156(7):761-6. Abstract: During January-October 1992, 340 final-year medical students and physicians from India, 196 from Canada, 155 from the US, and 128 from Thailand completed a questionnaire designed to determine their attitudes and knowledge about HIV infection and the potential impact of their feelings about HIV infection on their practices. The researchers chose countries with a varying prevalence of HIV infection so the findings can be used to develop AIDS educational programs. Rate of contact with HIV/AIDS patients was correlated with the mean knowledge score. India had the lowest rate of contact with HIV/AIDS patients and the lowest mean knowledge score, while the US had the highest rate and score (contact: 30% for India vs. 98% for the US; knowledge: 83% for India vs. 93% for the US). The health care providers in Thailand and Canada had an intermediate rate of contact with HIV/AIDS patients and an intermediate knowledge score. Providers from the developing countries were more likely to be uncomfortable doing a physical examination than those from the developed countries (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3; p < .001). The developing country providers were also more likely than the developed country providers to be uncomfortable drawing blood or placing an intravenous catheter and performing or assisting with surgery (OR = 2.2 and 4.2, respectively; p < .001). Yet providers from the developing countries had a strong ethical belief to care for HIV/AIDS patients. The large majority of all providers regardless of country correctly knew the modes of HIV transmission. Providers from the developing countries were less likely to think that condom use was important to prevent HIV transmission (83% for India, 79% for Thailand vs. 95% for Canada and 99% for the US; p < .001). 32% in India to 74% in Canada knew that asymptomatic patients may have HIV infection. Developing country providers were less likely to understand the concept of a false-negative HIV test (67% for India, 83% for Thailand vs. 96% for Canada and the US). A universal need for increased education of physicians about HIV/AIDS is warranted. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | CANADA | INDIA | THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HIV INFECTIONS | PHYSICIANS | MEDICAL STUDENTS | HOSPITALS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | HEALTH EDUCATION | AIDS | ETHICS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | North America, Northern | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Students | Education | Health Facilities | Schools Document Number: 115317 |
| 25. Title: Congress votes to block abortion training requirements. Author: Rovner J Source: Lancet. 1996 Mar 30;347(9005):894. Abstract: On March 19, 1996, the US Senate voted to permit those residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology that lack accreditation from the private Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to receive federal funds if the lack of accreditation is based primarily on the program's failure to provide abortion training. ACGME officials insist that the legislation is unnecessary because their standard already permits both residents and residency programs to refuse to accept or offer the training if it violates their moral or religious views. The danger of the legislation rests in the precedent it sets by substituting congressional and political opinion for medical decision-making. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | CRITIQUE | LEGISLATION | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | CURRICULUM | TRAINING PROGRAMS | ABORTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Schools | Education | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning Document Number: 112646 Notification |
| 26. Title: Abortion: the doctors' return [editorial] Source: NEW YORK TIMES. 1995 Feb 16;:A26. Abstract: In the US, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education voted unanimously to require that prospective obstetricians receive abortion training from the hospitals responsible for their medical instruction. Exceptions would be granted for potential obstetricians who have moral or religious objections to abortion and to institutions with similar objections. Such institution, however, must arrange for their residents to receive training at other hospitals or risk losing their accreditation as a teaching hospital. This action was taken in order to reduce the marginalization of abortion services which has given anti-abortion groups ways in which to threaten physicians who perform abortion. The tactics of anti-abortion activists coupled with a lack of training provided in teaching hospitals have severely limited the ability of women to access abortion services. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | ABORTION | TRAINING PROGRAMS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | OBSTETRICS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Education | Schools | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 102373 Notification |
| 27. Title: Abortion training to be required in standard Ob / Gyn curriculum. Source: REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM NEWS. 1995 Feb 24;4(4):6-7. Abstract: On February 15, (1995) the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education announced that it will now require medical schools seeking accreditation to provide abortion training for all residents in obstetrics and gynecology. The new "Program Requirements for Residency Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology," approved unanimously, will take effect on January 1, 1996. According to the Council, the newly issued standards are the first to refer specifically to abortion. The language states, "Experience with induced abortion must be part of residency training, except for residents with moral or religious objections .... Experience with management of complications of abortion must be provided to all residents." The Council also mandates that if a medical school itself has "a religious, moral or legal" objection to teaching the procedure, it must "ensure that residents ... who do not have a religious or moral objection receive education and experience in performing abortion at another institution." Other revisions provide for expanded resident education in "primary and preventive care," due to the fact that many women rely on their obstetricians and gynecologists as their primary care physicians, as well as additional training experience in family planning, including "all reversible methods of contraception" and sterilization. In order to be certified by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ob/gyns must graduate from an accredited residency program. In addition, teaching hospitals must be accredited to secure federal reimbursements for the medical services patients receive from residents. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education operates under the aegis of the American Medical Association, the American Board of Medical Specialties, the American Hospital Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Council of Medical Specialty Societies. Both the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists support the Council's revised standards. (full text) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | ACADEMIC TRAINING | CURRICULUM | ABORTION | CHANGES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Education | Training Programs | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Change Document Number: 102837 Notification |
| 28. Title: Clinician Training Initiative. Author: Planned Parenthood of New York City Source: [Unpublished] [1995]. [135] p. Abstract: As a result of decreasing numbers of physicians available to perform abortions in the US, women seeking induced abortion often face long waits at facilities, rescheduled appointments, and delayed surgery. Although abortion is the most common surgical procedure for US women, only 12% of residency programs in obstetrics/gynecology require abortion training. The number of abortion providers has been further reduced by harassment by anti-choice groups. In response to this situation, Planned Parenthood of New York City has launched a comprehensive abortion initiative with five components: 1) establishment of a program to train physicians in abortion through didactic instruction, hands-on surgical training, and counseling skills; 2) advocacy for the normalization of abortion training in all medical schools and residency programs; 3) organization of interested medical students to influence their medical schools and accreditation councils to require abortion training in obstetrics/gynecology residency curricula; 4) expansion of the pool of trained abortion providers to include physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives; and 5) research for health care policy on women's experiences in attempting to obtain abortion and contraceptive technologies in New York City. The Clinician Initiative is expected to not only improve the quality and quantity of women's reproductive health care, but also to positively impact the status of US women. The materials in this packet (fact sheets, journal articles, legal texts) are intended to provide background for those involved in the initiative. Language: English Keywords: NEW YORK | UNITED STATES | TEACHING MATERIALS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ABORTION | MEDICAL STUDENTS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | CURRICULUM | HEALTH PERSONNEL | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Education | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Students | Schools | Delivery of Health Care | Health Facilities | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 135133 Notification |
| 29. Title: Abortion and the maternal-fetal medicine physician [letter] Author: Hilgers TW Source: HASTINGS CENTER REPORT. 1995 Sep-Oct;25(5):2-3. Abstract: Blustein and Fleischman's decidedly pro-abortion slant to the dilemmas facing a maternal-fetal specialist rests completely on the mistaken notion that all women would wish abortion. In fact, many women are staunchly pro-life and would not, in any circumstances, deny life to their unborn child whether that life is normal or not. Indeed, many patients refuse to see a physician who has pro-abortion attitudes. I find the article arrogant and a further attempt at the "religious cleansing" of the profession. This attitude has received recent support from the ACGME in its policy--which will not be left unchallenged--to mandate abortion training for all residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology in the US. This is a denial of one's freedom to be a religious person. Such freedom does not end because one is a physician, nor because the person is a patient. (full text) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | CRITIQUE | ABORTION | ETHICS | PHYSICIANS | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Education Document Number: 108379 Notification |
| 30. Title: Abortion services for adolescents: Who will provide them? [editorial] Author: Litt IF Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 1995;16:173. Abstract: We would all be happier if we could help adolescents to postpone initiation of sexual intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The reality is, however, that this is often not possible, despite our best efforts. The great majority of teenagers who do become pregnant and do not wish to become parents prematurely choose to have their pregnancies terminated. Until RU 486 or other pharmacologic agent becomes available, conventional abortions remain the only mechanism for pregnancy termination. To the many barriers already faced by teenagers seeking abortions, including statutes requiring parental consent, issues of confidentiality and payment, we now must add those of diminishing care providers. Recent terrorist attacks on physicians and clinics providing abortion services have brought this issue to the front pages of our local newspapers and shocked us all. While the press has focused on these deplorable acts of violence, a quieter, but equally devastating, process is eroding the supply of providers of this critical service. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | ABORTION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SCHOOLS, MEDICAL | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Schools | Education Document Number: 301614 Notification |
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