1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Stuips, spuits and prophet ropes: the treatment of abantu childhood illnesses in urban South Africa. Author: Friend-du Preez N; Cameron N; Griffiths P Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Jan;68(2):343-51. Abstract: With a paucity of data on health-seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses in urban South Africa, a mixed method approach was used to investigate the treatment of abantu childhood illnesses in Johannesburg and Soweto between March and June 2004. In-depth interviews were held with caregivers (n=5), providers of traditional (n=6) and Western (n=6) health care, as well as five focus groups with caregivers. A utilisation-based survey was conducted with 206 black African caregivers of children under 6 years of age from one public clinic in Soweto (n=50), two private clinics in Johannesburg (50 caregivers in total), two public hospitals from Johannesburg and Soweto (53 caregivers in total) and two traditional healers from Johannesburg and Orange Farm (53 caregivers in total), an informal settlement on the outskirts of Johannesburg. The symptoms of several childhood abantu health problems, their treatment with traditional, church and home remedies, and influences on such patterns of resort are described. Despite free primary health care for children under 6 years, the pluralistic nature of health-seeking in this urban environment highlights the need for community and household integrated management of childhood illnesses and a deeper understanding of how symptoms may be interpreted and treated in the context of the local belief system. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | CHILD HEALTH | INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | BELIEFS | BEHAVIOR | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Culture | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 331180 |
| 2. Title: The prevalence of the use of 'dry sex' traditional medicines, among Zambian women, and the profile of the users. Author: Mbikusita-Lewanika M; Stephen H; Thomas J Source: Psychology, Health and Medicine. 2009 Mar;14(2):227-38. Abstract: Concern has been voiced about the 'dry sex' practice in Southern and Central Africa, and its possible role in the transmission of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). Despite this concern, there has been little information about the practice. Most of the available information has been anecdotal, speculative or inadequate mainly because of cultural reluctance to discuss or investigate personal sexual issues. This article provides information about the prevalence of the practice in Zambia and the profile of its practitioners. A cross-sectional study involving 812 Zambian women was undertaken in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia. Quantitative and qualitative data was obtained through self-administered questionnaires, interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, and the qualitative data was used to complement and clarify the quantitative data. Awareness of the 'dry sex' practice was almost universal among Zambian women. About two-thirds had used 'dry sex' traditional medicines (DSTM) at some point in their lives, and about half were using them. Those who were most likely to have been using, or to have used DSTM, were those who were older, married, with little or no formal education, mainstream Christians, from the lower socio-economic levels, homemakers, manual workers (p < 0.001), originally from the Eastern province of Zambia (p < 0.002) and those who had spent most of their formative years in rural areas (p < 0.006).The study showed that the knowledge and use of DSTM is widespread among Zambian women, especially among those who were most likely to adhere to traditional views and beliefs about womanhood and marriage, and perhaps those likely to have a poor sense of self-worth or less confidence. In view of the concern about the possible role of 'dry sex' in HIV transmission, these findings would be useful in Health education strategies. Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | SEX BEHAVIOR | WOMEN'S HEALTH | BELIEFS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341836 |
3.  Title: Use of traditional and complementary health practices in prenatal, delivery and postnatal care in the context of HIV transmission from mother to child (Pmtct) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Author: Peltzer K; Phaswana-Mafuya N; Treger L Source: African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2009;6(2):155-162. Abstract: The aim of this study was as part of a baseline assessment in PMTCT in the traditional health sector: a) to determine the views of women who have used the services of traditional practitioners before, during and/or after pregnancy, and b) to conduct formative research with traditional health practitioners (THPs), i.e. herbalists, diviners and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) on HIV, pregnancy care, delivery and infant care. The sample included a) 181 postnatal care clients with a child less than 12 months interviewed at postnatal clinic visits from 20 primary care clinics in the Kouga Local Service Area (LSA), Cacadu district, Eastern Cape, and b) 54 traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and 47 herbalists and/or diviners were interviewed from Kouga LSA. Results showed that THP (in particular TBAs and to a certain extend herbalists/diviners) play a significant role in pregnancy and postnatal care, and also with the assistance of delivery. Certain HIV risk practices were reported on the practice of TBAs. THPs also seem to have some role in infant feeding and family planning. THPs should be trained in optimising their services in pregnancy and postnatal care, and preparation for health facility delivery. In addition, they should be trained on HIV risk practices, HIV/AIDS, HIV prevention including PMTCT, infant feeding and family planning. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | MOTHERS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | ANTENATAL CARE | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | HIV PREVENTION | CHILDBIRTH | HEALTH SERVICES | HEALTH FACILITIES | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | INFANT HEALTH | HIV INFECTIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Culture | Medicine | Maternal Health Services | Primary Health Care | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Child Health Document Number: 343012 |
| 4. Title: Foot soldiers of global health: teaching and preaching AIDS science and modern medicine on the frontline. Author: Robins S Source: Medical Anthropology. 2009 Jan-Mar;28(1):81-107. Abstract: This article investigates the ways in which global health messages and forms of health citizenship are mediated by AIDS activists in rural South Africa. It focuses on how these activists and treatment literacy practitioners are not only concerned with changing the lives of people living with AIDS to better manage biological conditions associated with their seropositive status, but also with how they are also committed to recruiting new members into their biopolitical projects and epistemic communities. These mobilization processes involve translating and mediating biomedical ideas and practices into vernacular forms that can be easily understood and acted on by the "targets" of these recruitment strategies. However, these processes of "vernacularization" of biomedical knowledge often occur in settings where even the most basic scientific understandings and framings of medicine cannot be taken for granted. This ethnographic case study shows that global health programs and their local mediators often encounter "friction" from the most powerful national actors as well as the most marginalized local ones. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RURAL AREAS | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | IMPLEMENTATION | ADVOCACY | MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT | OBSTACLES | POLITICAL FACTORS | BELIEFS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Programs | Communication | Culture | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342376 |
| 5. Title: The cultural and community-level acceptance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among traditional healers in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Author: Shuster JM; Sterk CE; Frew PM; del Rio C Source: Journal of Community Health. 2009 Feb;34(1):16-22. Abstract: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has profoundly impacted South Africa's healthcare system, greatly hampering its ability to scale-up the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART). While one way to provide comprehensive care and prevention in sub-Saharan African countries has been through collaboration with traditional healers, long-term support specifically for ART has been low within this population. An exploratory, qualitative research project was conducted among 25 self-identified traditional healers between June and August of 2006 in the Lukhanji District of South Africa. By obtaining the opinions of traditional healers currently interested in biomedical approaches to HIV/AIDS care and prevention, this formative investigation identified a range of motivational factors that were believed to promote a deeper acceptance of and support for ART. These factors included cultural consistencies between traditional and biomedical medicine, education, as well as legal and financial incentives to collaborate. Through an incorporation of these factors into future HIV/AIDS treatment programs, South Africa and other sub-Saharan countries may dramatically strengthen their ability to provide ART in resource-poor settings. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | HIV | Medical Procedures Document Number: 331053 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Beyond symptom recognition: Care-seeking for ill newborns in rural Ghana. Author: Bazzano AN; Kirkwood BR; Tawiah-Agyemang C; Owusu-Agyei S; Adongo PB Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Jan;13(1):123-128. Abstract: The objectives were to assess newborn care-seeking practices in a rural area of Ghana where most births take place at home in order to inform potential strategies for reducing newborn mortality. Qualitative, ethnographic study with quantitative data from a birth cohort collected as part of the surveillance system of an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Data collected comprised 84 h of participant observation (including following an ill newborn through a hospital visit), 14 in-depth interviews with key informants (older mothers and grandmothers), 45 semistructured interviews with mothers, 28 case histories from women who had recently given birth and 32 expert interviews with local health providers. Thirteen focus groups were held with men and women, and narrative histories of newborn deaths were taken from eight women. Birth cohort data came from 2878 singletons born alive in the study district within the year July 2003-June 2004. Significant delays in care seeking for ill newborns occur in Kintampo District, Ghana. 2.1% of 2878 newborns in the birth cohort had a serious illness during the first 4 weeks of life, but care was only sought outside the home for 61% of those and from a doctor or hospital for 39%. Barriers to prompt allopathic care seeking include sequential care-seeking practices, with often exclusive use of traditional medicine as first-line treatment for 7 days, previous negative experiences with health service facilities, financial constraints and remoteness from health facilities. Improvements in care seeking are urgently needed. Families should be urged to seek medical care for any symptom of illness in a newborn; financial and socio-cultural barriers to care seeking for newborns must be addressed in order to improve neonatal survival. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | KAP SURVEYS | COHORT ANALYSIS | FOCUS GROUPS | RURAL POPULATION | MOTHERS | PARENTS | GRANDPARENTS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | HOME ECONOMICS | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Data Collection | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Culture | Medicine | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Diseases Document Number: 324759 |
| 7. Title: Evaluation of Senegalese plants used in malaria treatment: Focus on Chrozophora senegalensis. Author: Benoit-Vical F; Soh PN; Salery M; Harguem L; Poupat C Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2008 Feb 28;116(1):43-48. Abstract: An ethnobotanical study was conducted in the Dakar area of Senegal to investigate the species used in the treatment of malaria. Seven plants are principally used: Cissampelos mucronata, Maytenus senegalensis, Terminalia macroptera, Bidens engleri, Ceratotheca sesamoides, Chrozophora senegalensis and Mitracarpus scaber. From a bibliographic study, it had been shown that the Cissampelos mucronata, Maytenus senegalensis and Terminalia macroptera have already been studied by several authors, and so only Bidens engleri, Ceratotheca sesamoides, Chrozophora senegalensis and Mitracarpus scaber were evaluated in the present study. For each plant, extracts were prepared with different solvents and tested in vitro on two chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Crude extracts from the leaves and the stems of Chrozophora senegalensis showed the best in vitro results. The IC/50 value of an aqueous extract of Chrozophora senegalensis was 1.6 microg/ml without cytotoxicity. The in vivo antiplasmodialactivity of Chrozophora extracts was determined by both the oral and the intraperitoneal ways. The stages of Plasmodium cycle targeted by Chrozophora were then studied in vitro. These results could justify the traditional use of this plant in malaria treatment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | MALARIA | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures Document Number: 325337 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Herba Artemisiae annuae tea preparation compared to sulfadoxinepyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Author: Blanke CH; Naisabha GB; Balema MB; Mbaruku GM; Heide L Source: Tropical Doctor. 2008 Apr;38(2):113-116. Abstract: Tea preparations from the herb Artemisia annua L. (Aa) which is used in traditional Chinese medicine might offer an inexpensive way of producing artemisinin drugs locally. We compared Aa with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in semi-immune adults. After seven days, the cure rate was 7/10 for the Aa compared to 7/9 for SP; this dropped to 4/10 for Aa and 4/9 for SP at day 14 and to 1/9 for Aa and 3/8 for SP at day 28. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ADULTS | MALARIA | TREATMENT | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 308928 |
| 9. Title: Ethnopharmacology and malaria: New hypothetical leads or old efficient antimalarials? Author: Bourdy G; Willcox ML; Ginsburg H; Rasoanaivo P; Graz B Source: International Journal for Parasitology. 2008 Jan;38(1):33-41. Abstract: New treatments are urgently needed to curb and eradicate malaria in developing countries. As most people living in malarial endemic areas use traditional medicine to fight this disease, why have new treatments not emerged recently from ethnopharmacology-oriented research? The rationale and limitations of the ethnopharmacological approach are discussed in this paper, focusing on ethnopharmacology methodologies and techniques used for assessing botanical samples for their antimalarial properties. Discrepancies often observed between strong ethnopharmacological reputation and laboratory results are discussed, as well as new research perspectives. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MALARIA | TREATMENT | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | MEDICINAL PLANTS | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | Studies | Research Methodology | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 326255 |
| 10. Title: Impact of traditional medicinal plant extracts on antiretroviral drug absorption. Author: Brown L; Heyneke O; Brown D; van Wyk JP; Hamman JH Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2008 Oct 28;119(3):588-92. Abstract: ETHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional herbal medicines are often used for the treatment of different diseases in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where a lack of an efficient primary health care system is usually experienced. Many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are taking traditional herbal medicines in conjunction with their modern antiretroviral medication and drug-herb interactions can occur in these cases. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effect of water extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens as well as l-canavanine (a constituent of Sutherlandia frutescens) on the transport of nevirapine across human intestinal epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nevirapine transport in the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined alone (normal control) and in the presence of verapamil (positive control), water extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens and an aqueous solution of l-canavanine. The cumulative transport and apparent permeability coefficient (P(app)) values were calculated and compared. Results: Nevirapine alone was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, which was statistically significantly (p < or = 0.05) decreased by addition of verapamil, Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract and the l-canavinine solution. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on nevirapine transport was not statistically significantly different from the control. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxis hemerocallidea and l-canavanine interact with the efflux of nevirapine across intestinal epithelial cells and therefore can potentially increase the bioavailability of this antiretroviral drug when taken concomitantly. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | TREATMENT | IMPACT | Geographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Communication Document Number: 329677 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: "That is why I stopped the ART": Patients' and providers' perspectives on barriers to and enablers of HIV treatment adherence in a South African workplace programme. Author: Dahab M; Charalambous S; Hamilton R; Fielding K; Kielmann K Source: BMC Public Health. 2008 Feb 18;8:63. Abstract: As ART programmes in African settings expand beyond the pilot stages, adherence to treatment may become an increasing challenge. This qualitative study examines potential barriers to, and facilitators of, adherence to ART in a workplace programme in South Africa. We conducted key informant interviews with 12 participants: six ART patients, five health service providers (HSPs) and one human resources manager. The main reported barriers were denial of existence of HIV or of one's own positive status, use of traditional medicines, speaking a different language from the HSP, alcohol use, being away from home, perceived severity of side-effects, feeling better on treatment and long waiting times at the clinic. The key facilitators were social support, belief in the value of treatment, belief in the importance of one's own life to the survival of one's family, and the ability to fit ART into daily life schedules. Given the reported uncertainty about the existence of HIV disease and the use of traditional medicines while on ART, despite a programme emphasising ART counselling, there is a need to find effective ways to support adherence to ART even if the individual does not accept biomedical concepts of HIV disease or decides to use traditional medicines. Additionally, providers should identify ways to minimize barriers in communication with patients with whom they have no common language. Finally, dissatisfaction with clinical services, due to long waiting times, should be addressed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | WORKPLACE | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | BELIEFS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Culture | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 324652 |
| 12. Title: [Ethiopia in Israel--an ethnopharmacological study of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel] Author: Danino D; Amar Z Source: Harefuah. 2008 Jul;147(7):597-601, 663. Abstract: There is a large Ethiopian community in Israel which preserves its unique culture and customs. Many of the members of this community still use traditional methods of healing, such as blood-letting, burns, tattooing, amulets, healing water, incense and various medicinal herbs that are prescribed based on the diagnosis of the disease. This study deals with documenting the use of the medicinal drugs implemented by the Ethiopian community in Israel, which is a rapidly vanishing world. The study is based on interviews with hundreds of informants, among them traditional healers, and it surveyed some fifty shops which sell Ethiopian medicinal drugs and spices. The survey brought to light a list of medical materials which are found in the Ethiopian markets in Israel including 89 kinds of plants (some 85%); 6 different minerals (some 6%); 5 types of animals (some 4.5%); and 5 substances of various origins (some 4.5%). Most of the drugs are imported from Ethiopia to Israel, since they are endemic. There are also other medicinal drugs that are gathered in the field in Israel or brought through personal import; in total, our estimate is that there are approximately 150 different kinds of medicinal drugs in use in Israel. This is a relatively small number when compared to the inventory of drugs in the land of origin, Ethiopia. The decline in the use of traditional drugs, due to limited availability and processes of modernization in the Ethiopian community in Israel, heightens the importance of a study that documents this unique culture. The study is also of assistance to the modern medical authorities in order to better understand and become more familiar with the Ethiopian community and with its needs and special practices, in terms of both prevention and treatment. Language: Hebrew Keywords: ETHIOPIA | ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | RESPONDENTS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | DRUGS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | Middle East | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Culture | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329019 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: AIDS and the irrational. Author: Epstein H Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2008;337:a2638. Abstract: In a recent survey of HIV positive South Africans, almost half believed that tradi¬tional African medicine is more effective than antiretroviral drugs. This is upsetting news. The country has invested heavily in antiretroviral drugs, rapid HIV tests, CD4 cell counters, and condoms and is the site of many clinical trials into novel treatments and HIV prevention devices. In the midst of all this technology, why do irrational beliefs about AIDS persist? The reasons are complex. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | UNAIDS | AIDS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | SEX BEHAVIOR | SCIENCE | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | STIGMA | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | RECOMMENDATIONS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Medical Procedures | Behavior | Technology | Economic Factors | Social Problems Document Number: 329495 |
| 14. Title: Variability in content of the anti-AIDS drug candidate prostratin in Samoan populations of Homalanthus nutans. Author: Johnson HE; Banack SA; Cox PA Source: Journal of Natural Products. 2008 Dec;71(12):2041-4. Abstract: Homalanthus nutans, used by Samoan healers to treat hepatitis, produces the antiviral compound 12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate, prostratin (1). Prostratin is being developed as an adjuvant therapy to clear latent viral reservoirs, the major obstacle to eradication of HIV-AIDS within the human body. A validated reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to assay concentrations of 1 in H. nutans. A survey of four distinct populations on two different Samoan islands revealed significant variability in content. The stem tissue (range 0.2-52.6 microg/g 1), used by healers in indigenous therapies,gave a higher median concentration of prostratin (3.5 microg/g) than root or leaf tissues (2.9 and 2.5 microg/g, respectively).The high variability and skewness of these data indicate that cultivar selection for drug production will be important for this species. The reversed-phase HPLC assay will allow plants to be selected for agricultural development and genetic analysis by identifying those individuals above and below a 95% confidence interval for the median concentration. Language: English Keywords: SAMOA | RESEARCH REPORT | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | HEPATITIS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | AIDS | TREATMENT | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | Oceania | Developing Countries | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Medical Procedures Document Number: 329739 |
| 15. Title: Antimalarial activity of crude extracts from nine African medicinal plants. Author: Kaou AM; Mahiou-Leddet V; Hutter S; Ainouddine S; Hassani S Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2008 Feb 28;116(1):74-83. Abstract: An ethnobotanical study was conducted in Comores (Ngazidja) about plant species used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of 76 vegetal extracts obtained from 17 species traditionally used to treat malaria symptoms, was evaluated in vitro using Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant strain (W2). Antiproliferative activity was evaluated on human monocytic THP1 cells and the selectivity index of the plant extracts was calculated. The results showed that 10 plant extracts had a moderate activity (5 less than IC/50 less than or equal to 10microg/ml), and 6 a good in vitro activity with IC/50 value less than or equal to 5miocrog/ml. The highest antiplasmodial activity was found for the MeOH/H2O leaves extract of Flueggea virosa (Roxb. Ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa (Euphorbiaceae) (IC/50 = 2microg/ml), for roots decoction of Flueggea virosa (IC/50 = 3microg/ml) and for chloromethylenic roots extract of Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake subsp.grandis (DC.) C. Jeffrey (Asteraceae) (IC/50 = 3microg/ml). Three other extracts showed moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC/50 less than 5microg/ml): Vernonia colorata (aerial part), Piper capense L.f. (Piperaceae), and Leptadenia madagascariensis Decne (Asclepiadaceae) chloromethylenic extracts (IC/50 = 6microg/ml; 7 microg/ml and 9 microg/ml, respectively). All the plants tested displayed a low cytotoxicity on THP1 cells. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | MEDICINAL PLANTS | MALARIA | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS | IN VITRO | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Immunity | Immune System | Physiology | Biology | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Medical Procedures Document Number: 325338 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Who's talking? Communication between health providers and HIV-infected adults related to herbal medicine for AIDS treatment in western Uganda. Author: Langlois-Klassen D; Kipp W; Rubaale T Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Jul;67(1):165-176. Abstract: Communication between patients and physicians about herbal medicine is valuable, enabling physicians to address issues of potential herb-drug interactions and ensuring appropriate medical care. As seemingly harmless herbal remedies may have detrimental interactions with various HIV antiretroviral drugs, the importance of communication is intensified, but often stifled around the use of herbal medicine in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. In western Uganda, 137 HIV-infected adults attending conventional HIV/ AIDS treatment programmes (67 of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy) shared their experiences and perceptions about traditional herbal medicine and related patient-physician communication issues through interviews and focus group discussions. Although close to 64% of respondents reported using herbal medicine after being diagnosed with HIV, only 16% of these respondents had informed their conventional medical practitioners about using these herbs. Furthermore, only 13% of antiretroviral therapy recipients had inquired about concurrent herb-antiretroviral drug use with their HIV/AIDS treatment providers, largely because they perceived a low acceptance and support for herbal medicine by conventional medical practitioners. Importantly however, almost 68% of HIV-infected adults indicated they would be willing to discuss herbal medicine use if directly asked by a conventional medical practitioner, and the overwhelming majority (91%) said they were amenable to following physician advice about herbal medicine. As such, improved patient-physician communication about herbal medicine is needed, and we recommend that herbal medicine histories be completed when patient histories are taken. Also, HIV/AIDS treatment programmes should be encouraged to develop specific patient-physician communication standards and best practice guidelines to ensure that patients can make informed decisions about herb and pharmaceutical drug co-therapy based on known risks, particularly in the case of AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Communication about herbal medicine usage should be viewed as a timely and cost-effective component of antiretroviral therapy programmes, one which may contribute to the overall success of AIDS treatment in Africa. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Medical Procedures | HIV Document Number: 327253 |
| 17. Title: Traumatic birth leads to creation of birth networks in India. Author: Malik R Source: Midwifery today With International Midwife. 2008 Autumn;(87):56-8, 69. Abstract: The author shares how her birth experiences in India led her to create Birth India, a birth network that aims to promote the benefits of natural childbirth and best practices to achieve normal birth. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | COMMUNITY RELATIONS | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | NURSE-MIDWIVES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | WOMEN'S HEALTH Document Number: 329474 |
| 18. Title: Predictors of use of traditional medicine by patients with sexually transmitted infections in southwest Uganda. Author: Nuwaha F; Muganzi E Source: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2008 Jul;14(6):733-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the predictors for use of traditional medicine among patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). DESIGN: We interviewed a consecutive sample of patients with STIs. SETTINGS: Mbarara and Bushenyi districts in southwestern Uganda. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and twenty-four (224) patients presenting with STIs who used allopathic (101) or traditional medicine (123). OUTCOME MEASURES: Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, patients answered questions regarding their socioeconomic conditions, STI symptoms, and attitudinal beliefs, normative and self-efficacy beliefs toward use of traditional medicine. RESULTS: The independent predictors of using traditional medicine were (1) presenting with genital ulcers as a symptom [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR 3.45) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-10.41], (2) presenting with a positive syphilis test (AOR 9.67, 95% CI 2.70-34.11), (3) having had STI symptoms for more than 30 days (AOR 3.61, 95% CI 1.28-11.58), (4) not presenting with urethral discharge as a symptom (AOR 12.56, 95% CI 5.37-19.87), (5) believing that traditional medicine prevents (AOR 4.53, 95% CI 1.89-11.92), or completely cures STIs (AOR 14.72, 95% CI 2.15-50.27), (6) being likely to use medicine recommended by traditional healers (AOR 17.60, 95% CI 2.89-40.01), (7) and being unlikely to be influenced by allopathic health workers in choice of type of medicine (AOR 15.98, 95% CI 3.52-72.48). CONCLUSIONS: Use of traditional medicine is influenced by symptoms of STI and by having positive beliefs about traditional medicine and traditional healers. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CLIENTS | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | TREATMENT | BELIEFS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 330028 |
| 19. Title: Traditional midwives and the fight against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Storm S Source: Midwifery today With International Midwife. 2008 Autumn;(87):52-5. Abstract: Malaria is the most significant and widespread of tropical diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sudy Storm shares the impact of this deadly disease and what midwives can do to fight it. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | MALARIA PREVENTION | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | NURSE-MIDWIVES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS Document Number: 329473 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Comparison of HIV/AIDS-specific quality of life change in Zimbabwean patients at western medicine versus traditional African medicine care sites. Author: Taylor TN; Dolezal C; Tross S; Holmes WC Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008 Dec 15;49(5):552-6. Abstract: CONTEXT: The rollout of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for the 25 million sub-Saharan Africans living with HIV/AIDS has been hampered by the lack of a western medical infrastructure. Given limited infrastructure, many Africans seek and receive HIV care from traditional African healers. This reality calls for culturally sensitive approaches to ART rollout that make use of local alternative health care providers, and an assessment of the potential quality of life (QOL) benefits of traditional African care (TAC) is imperative. OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in self-reported health status resulting from TAC and western medical care (WC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: QOL in 254 consecutively sampled Zimbabwean patients seeking care at TAC and WC sites was assessed over 1 month. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Shona translations of the HIV/AIDS-targeted QOL instrument and Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline QOL scores and variables that differed across care sites, all dimensions of both instruments revealed QOL improvements only in the 155 (61%) patients from TAC sites when compared with the 99 (39%) patients from WC sites. These improvements were significant (P Keywords: ZIMBABWE | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | QUALITY OF LIFE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HEALTH SERVICES | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Health | Medicine Document Number: 330831 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Involving African traditional health practitioners in HIV/ AIDS interventions [letter] Author: Wreford J; Esser M Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 May;98(5):374. Abstract: This letter reports preliminary results of the HOPE Cape Town Sangoma Project. A first for Western Cape Province, this project has three main objectives: to encourage medical collaboration and cross-referrals between Western and traditional medicine, to avoid potential contraindications between antiretroviral (ARV) regimens and traditional health practitioners (THPs)' prescriptions and to improve compliance, to persuade more male clients to consent to voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). Nine THPs were involved, working with 5 HOPE community health workers (CHWs). The scheme commenced with 6 weeks' training in biomedical understanding of HIV/ AIDS and its treatment at Tygerberg Academic Hospital. Possibly harmful interactions between some traditional remedies and ARVs were emphasised;2 the THPs were also counselled against invasive treatments for clients with depleted immune systems. The AIDS Training Information and Counselling Centre (ATICC) then supervised 4 weeks of VCT training and accredited the THPs as counsellors. To monitor successful referrals, the THPs use referral forms and maintain a client register. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | INTERVENTIONS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328756 |
| 22. Title: Complementary and alternative medicine may reduce risk of some diseases. Author: World Bank. Disease Control Priorities Project Source: [Washington, D.C.], World Bank, Disease Control Priorities Project, 2007 Jun. [4] p. Abstract: Despite the power and promise of modern medicine, large segments of the world's population cannot or do not reap its benefits. More than 80 percent of people in developing countries cannot afford the most basic medical procedures, drugs, and vaccines. Among wealthier populations in both developed and developing countries, complementary and alternative practices are popular although proof of their safety and effectiveness is modest. Complementary and alternative practices are adjuncts or alternatives to Western medical approaches. These alternative practices are different from what is known as scientific or Western medicine approaches that emerged primarily in industrialized countries during the past two centuries. Most complementary and alternative practices evolved with indigenous peoples and spread through migration. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is also called traditional medicine. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | TREATMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | DISEASES | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation Document Number: 324745 |
| 23. Title: The use of herbal medicines during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Author: Ab Rahman A; Ahmad Z; Naing L; Sulaiman SA; Hamid AM; Daud WN Source: Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2007 Nov;38(6):1150-7. Abstract: The objective of this case-control study was to determine the association between herbal medicine use during pregnancy and perinatal mortality in Tumpat District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Cases were mothers who gave birth from June 2002 to June 2005 with a history of perinatal mortality, while controls were those without a history of perinatal infant mortality. A total of 316 mothers (106 cases and 210 controls) were interviewed. The use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines during the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with perinatal mortality (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 1.13; 24.23 and OR = 8.90, 95%, CI = 1.35; 58.53, respectively). The use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil during the third trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with perinatal mortality in Tumpat (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.59 and OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.92, respectively). These findings suggest the use of unidentified "Orang Asli" herbs and coconut oil in late pregnancy are protective against perinatal mortality, while the use of unidentified herbs prepared by traditional midwives and other types of herbal medicines in early pregnancy has an increased risk of perinatal infant mortality. Pharmacological studies to confirm and identify the compounds in these herbs and their effects on the fetus should be conducted in the future. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | PREGNANCY | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | PERINATAL MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Reproduction | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 329453 |
| 24. Title: Antiretroviral therapy abandoned for herbal remedies. Author: Ahmad K Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007 May;7(5):313. Abstract: In Zambia, widespread promotion of claims that herbal remedies can cure HIV/AIDS have been making individuals with HIV/AIDS abandon their antiretroviral therapy for ineffective drugs, the Network of Zambian People Living with HIV and AIDS has warned. Miriam Banda of the Network told journalists that both print and electronic media in the country have been persistently carrying advertisements and news stories that bring false hope to people living with HIV/AIDS. It is unclear how many people have been leaving antiretroviral programmes in the country as a result of these claims. At least 1.1 million people of Zambia's 11.6 million population have HIV/AIDS, which has devastated the economy and decreased life expectancy at birth to less than 40 years. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | GAMBIA | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | WHO | TREATMENT | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 315522 |
| 25. Title: Postnatal development and reproductive performance of F1 progeny exposed in utero to ayurvedic contraceptive: Pippaliyadi yoga. Author: Balasinor N; Bhan A; Paradkar NS; Shaikh A; Nandedkar TD Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2007 Feb;109(3):406-411. Abstract: Pippaliyadi yoga or pippaliyadi vati is an ayurvedic contraceptive used in India since ancient times. It is a combination of powdered fruit berries of Embelia ribes Burm.f. (Myrsinaceae), Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and borax in equal proportion. Though the contraceptive potential is known since ancient times, no systematic developmental toxicity studies have been carried out. The present study was carried out to evaluate the postnatal developmental toxicity and the reproductive performance of the progeny exposed in utero to pippaliyadi. Pippaliyadi yoga was obtained from National Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), India and the developmental toxicity was studied by administering three doses, viz. 140, 300 and 700 mg/(kg day) to gravid females from day 6 to day 16 of gestation. Pippaliyadi did not have any adverse developmental effects with low doses, however, with the five times higher dose, a decrease in body weight of the pups was observed. The reproductive performance of the progeny born to mothers treated with pippaliyadi was not significantly affected. The present study suggests that in utero exposure to pippaliyadi does not have any adverse effect on the postnatal development and reproductive performance of the F/1 progeny. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | LABORATORY ANIMALS | TOXICITY | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | MEDICINAL PLANTS | REPRODUCTION | GROWTH | CONTRACEPTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Physiology | Biology | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Child Development | Family Planning Document Number: 314467 |
| 26. Title: Use of traditional medicine among pregnant women in Lusaka, Zambia. Author: Banda Y; Chapman V; Goldenberg RL; Stringer JS; Culhane JF; Sinkala M Source: Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2007 Jan;13(1):123-127. Abstract: We studied the prevalence of and predictors for traditional medicine use among pregnant women seeking care in the Lusaka, Zambia public health system. We surveyed 1128 pregnant women enrolled in a clinical trial of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategies at two district delivery centers. Postpartum questionnaires were administered to determine demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, HIV knowledge, and prior use of traditional medicines. Of the 1128 women enrolled, 335 (30%) reported visiting a traditional healer in the past; 237 (21%) reported using a traditional healer during the current pregnancy. Overall, 54% believed that admitting to a visit to a traditional healer would result in worse medical care. When women who had used traditional medicines were compared to those who had not, no demographic differences were noted. However, women who reported use of traditional medicine were more likely to drink alcohol during pregnancy, have >/=2 sex partners, engage in "dry sex," initiate sex with their partner, report a previously treated sexually transmitted disease, and use contraception (all p < 0.01). HIV-infected women who reported using traditional healers were also less likely to adhere to a proven medical regimen to reduce HIV transmission to their infant (25% versus 50%, p = 0.048). Use of traditional medicine during pregnancy is common, stigmatized, and may be associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral regimens. Health care providers must open lines of communication with traditional healers and with pregnant women themselves to maximize program success. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | STIGMA | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | ANTENATAL CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | HIV | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care Document Number: 317602 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Kathy Pan, sticks and pummelling: Techniques used to induce abortion by Burmese women on the Thai border. Author: Belton S; Whittaker A Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2007 Oct;65(7):1512-1523. Abstract: Forced migrants face particular reproductive health problems. Migrant Burmese women in Thailand often need to work to support themselves and their families, and mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are a common problem. They have limited access to culturally appropriate reproductive health services and no access to safe elective abortion. They are at risk of deportation or at least harassment by Thai authorities if they travel. They use traditional methods such as herbal medicines, and employ lay midwives to provide pummelling and stick abortions to end their pregnancies. This ethnographic study used various methods to collect data over 10 months in Tak Province, Thailand. The authors describe the women's motives and means of ending their pregnancies and some of the difficulties in obtaining reliable modern methods of contraception. This study highlights the need for reproductive health care for displaced populations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MYANMAR | THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION | ILLEGAL MIGRANTS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 320255 Notification |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Lead poisoning as a result of infertility treatment using herbal remedies. Author: Geraldine M; Herman DS; Venkatesh T Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007 Apr;275(4):279-281. Abstract: Lead poisoning remains a major problem in our society due to the lack of awareness of its ill effects among the clinical community. The non-availability of blood lead levels at primary health centers results in many lead-poisoned cases being treated symptomatically, without the diagnosis being sought. We report a case here, presenting with colicky abdominal pain receiving symptomatic treatment initially; lead poisoning was confirmed following the estimation of blood lead levels. The consumption of unbranded herbal medicines as a causative factor for lead poisoning was confirmed by high lead content in the medicines. Surely, this demands public health programs to disseminate strategies to the medical personnel about the clinical implication of lead poisoning, as well as the general public for awareness and to prevent lead poisoning. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | LEAD | POISON | TOXICITY | MEDICINAL PLANTS | INFERTILITY | TREATMENT | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Medical Procedures Document Number: 313025 |
| 29. Title: Medicinal plants used to induce labour during childbirth in western Uganda. Author: Kamatenesi-Mugisha M; Oryem-Origa H Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2007 Jan;109(3):1-9. Abstract: Traditional medicine usage in rural Ugandan population for day-to-day health care needs is close to 90%.Women and children form the bulk of the people reliant on herbal medicine. This study was undertaken to document how ethnomedical folklore aids childbirth in rural western Uganda by conducting field surveys, discussions and interviews with the resource users (mothers) and health providers (traditional birth attendants). Health surveys revealed that over 80% of childbirths are conducted at home by using herbal remedies in Bushenyi district. Seventy-five plants have been recorded for usage in inducing labour and some of these plants may be oxytocic. The dilemma lies in the toxicity levels and the unspecified dosages that may threaten the life of the unborn baby and the mother. The high population growth rate, high total fertility rate coupled with high maternal mortality and morbidity in Uganda calls for rethinking in gendered health provision policies and programmes for which herbal medicine integration in health care systems seems viable. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS | CHILDBIRTH | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | MEDICINAL PLANTS | OXYTOCIN | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Medicine | Health Services | Pituitary Hormones | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 314466 |
| 30. Title: Understanding and challenging HIV stigma. Toolkit for action. Modules F & G. Coping with stigma. Treatment and stigma. Author: Kidd R; Clay S; Chiiya C Source: [Brighton, England], International HIV / AIDS Alliance, 2007 Jun. [56] p. Abstract: In any community initiative that aims to combat stigma, it is important to include strategies for supporting PLHIV to cope with the effects of stigma. PLHIV play a crucial role in helping to identify the many different types of stigma and raising community awareness about the damage and pain that stigma and discrimination bring. This module was written with a team of PLHIV and is designed for use with PLHIV training courses and support groups. The aim is to strengthen PLHIV as individuals, in order to cope with stigma and to build up leadership ability to help and support others. The activities allow participants to share experiences and strategies, develop communication and assertiveness skills, and build self-esteem. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | ZAMBIA | TANZANIA | ETHIOPIA | TECHNICAL REPORT | MANUAL | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TRAINERS | CHILD | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STIGMA | DEATH | HUMAN RIGHTS | HIV | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | TREATMENT | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | EDUCATIONAL METHODS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Eastern | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Training Programs | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Political Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Medical Procedures | Educational Activities Document Number: 321108 |
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