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2.
Title: Understanding the effects of personal and school religiosity on the decision to abort a premarital pregnancy.
Author: Adamczyk A
Source: Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2009 Jun;50(2):180-95.
Abstract: Although much research has examined the relationship between religion and abortion attitudes, few studies have examined whether religion influences abortion behavior. This study looks at whether individual and school religiosity influence reported abortion behavior among women who become pregnant while unmarried. Hierarchical Logistic Models are implemented to analyze two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Findings show that personal religiosity is unrelated to reported abortion behavior. However, conservative Protestants appear less likely to obtain abortions than mainline Protestants, Catholics, and women of non-Christian faiths. Regardless of personal religious affiliation, having attended a school with a high proportion of conservative Protestants appears to discourage abortion as women enter their twenties. Conversely, women from private religious high schools appear more likely to report obtaining an abortion than women from public schools.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | YOUTH | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PREGNANCY | UNMARRIED | RELIGION | ABORTION | CATHOLICISM | CHRISTIANITY | DECISION MAKING | PREMARITAL PREGNANCY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Reproduction | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 342236 Notification

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Factors affecting awareness of emergency contraception among college students in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Author: Adhikari R
Source: BMC Women's Health. 2009 Sep 17;9(1):27.
Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Nepal, Emergency Contraception (EC) could play a critical role in reducing unintended pregnancies, but very few people aware about it. This paper aims to investigate the level of awareness and factors influencing awareness of EC among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in April-May 2006. Structured self-administered questionnaires were administered to 1,137 college students (573 males and 564 females) in Kathmandu district. The association between awareness of EC and the explanatory variables were first assessed in bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The associations were further explored using a multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS: Only about two-thirds of college students (68%) had ever heard about EC. Bivariate analysis shows that males were more aware (72%) of EC than were females (64%). Similarly, the awareness level was significantly higher among younger, unmarried youth who were from outside Kathmandu Valley, who lived with friends, and who had received reproductive health (RH) education in school/college. The study also found that students' sex, permanent place of residence (district), and RH education are significant predictors of awareness of EC. Males are 1.5 times more likely to be aware of EC compared to females. Furthermore, students who lived in Kathmandu Valley were 41% less likely to be aware of EC than were students from outside Kathmandu Valley. On the other hand, those students who received RH education in school/college were almost nine times more likely to be aware of EC compared to those who did not receive such education. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the EC is low among college students in Nepal. Health education initiatives should target students as they are more likely to be sexually active. There is a need to further educate students about EC which can help to reduce unintended pregnancies, many of which result in unsafe abortion and take a large toll on women's health.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | AWARENESS | QUESTIONNAIRES | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 342836

Peer Reviewed

Title: Premarital sexual behavior among male college students of Kathmandu, Nepal.
Author: Adhikari R; Tamang J
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul;9(241):1-9.
Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of male college students in Kathmandu was conducted between April and May 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 573 male students. Association between premarital sex and the explanatory variables was assessed. Despite the religious and cultural restrictions, about two-fifths of survey respondents (39%) reported that they had had premarital sex. The study also showed that substantial proportions of students indulge in sexual activities as well as risky sexual behavior. Sex with commercial sex workers and multiple sex partners, and inconsistent use of condoms with non-regular partners were common among the students. Less than two in five male students (57%) had used condoms at first sexual intercourse. Students aged 20 and above were more likely to have had premarital sex compared with younger students ages 15-19. Students who believe in Hindu religion were more than two times more likely to have premarital sex compared with those who follow other religions. Participants who had close unmarried friends who experienced premarital sexual intercourse were eight times more likely to be sexually active than those who did not have such sexually active friends. School- or college-based sexuality education could benefit out-of-school youths as well, because their partners often are students.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | MEN | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PREVALENCE | ATTITUDES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Measurement | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 339893

6.
Title: An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of pharmacy students regarding HIV/AIDS.
Author: Ahmed SI; Hassali MA; Aziz NA
Source: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2009 Feb 19;73(1):15.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions of University Sains Malaysia final-year pharmacy students regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunity deficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHOD: A cross-sectional study among pharmacy students. Data were analyzed with Chi-square to find difference at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The majority of students (83.07%) responded showing a difference in gender and race. Students showed low willingness (9.2%) to assist patients and low confidence (36.1%) in their education about HIV/AIDS patients. Students recommended HIV testing for health care professionals (69.4%) and patients (75.9%) before surgical procedures. Students knew little about Post Exposure Prophylaxis (18.5%) or about the time for HIV to develop into AIDS (57.4%). About 40% of students were unaware of the inability of antivirals to treat HIV/AIDS. Students had low awareness for opportunistic infections (18.5%), and low agreement on competency to treat and counsel HIV patients (12.9%). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted students' misconceptions, negative attitudes, and risk perceptions towards HIV/AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PHARMACISTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | RISK FACTORS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | EXPOSURE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services
Document Number: 342691

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of school health nursing education interventions on HIV/AIDS-related attitudes of students in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Author: Akpabio II; Asuzu MC; Fajemilehin BR; Ofi AB
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):118-123.
Abstract: Purpose: One of the greatest challenges facing school nurses is that of identifying and using appropriate strategies to meet the health education needs of adolescents in regard to prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study examined the effects of HIV/AIDS preventive health education with parental involvement on students' attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Methods: The study population comprised students from three of nine secondary schools in the study area. The three schools were randomly assigned as Intervention Group 1 (IG1), involving nurses only; Intervention Group 2 (IG2), involving both nurses and parents (IG2); and a control group. A pretest/ post-test intervention design was used. A 29-item, validated questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Sampling involved multistage and stratified random technique to select 120 subjects from each of the three selected schools, with a total of 360 subjects representing 8.3% of the study population. From this number, 339 (94.2%) provided sufficient data for analysis. Data analysis involved analysis of covariance and the Scheff� post hoc test determined at the .05 significance level. Results: Results show significant effect of intervention on students attitudes toward preventive measures (F<234.27, p .001*). The intervention that involved nurses only was found to be a more potent strategy in providing favorable attitudes toward HIV/AIDS prevention (IG1 mean, 20.59; IG2 mean, 19.20; control mean, 12.34). Attitudes were influenced by older age but not by gender. Conclusion: Health education efforts aimed at improving HIV/AIDS-related attitudes should not only focus on children but also on parents so that they in turn could assist to improve on health workers' efforts in educating the children.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVENTIONS | STUDENTS | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH EDUCATION | ATTITUDES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Child Rearing
Document Number: 330164

8.
Title: Knowledge and practice of university students in Lebanon regarding contraception.
Author: Barbour B; Salameh P
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):387-99.
Abstract: We evaluated knowledge and practice of Lebanese university students regarding contraception in a cross-sectional, comparative study on students in public and private universities using an Arabic language self-administered questionnaire. We found low levels of knowledge of contraception. The majority of males (73.3%) and a few females (21.8%) declared previous sexual relations: the majority of males had used a condom (86.1%), but females had generally not used contraceptives (75.6%).
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STUDENTS | MEN | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Behavior
Document Number: 341713

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of a rapid peer-based HIV/AIDS educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in a high-income Arab country.
Author: Barss P; Grivna M; Ganczak M; Bernsen R; Al-Maskari F
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Sep 1;52(1):86-98.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In response to low knowledge about HIV and intolerant attitudes toward persons living with HIV among Arab university students, a peer-based educational intervention was developed and impact evaluated on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in 2 of 4 main cities of United Arab Emirates. METHODS: Four small teams of final year medical students, 3 female and 1 male, were trained. Multistage random sampling selected 14 female and 5 male Arab schools, then 56 female and 14 male grade 12 classes in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. The 90-minute intervention included a factual presentation and 3 attitude workshops. Baseline and postintervention knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Significance was tested by McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and multilevel regression tests. RESULTS: Response was 99.6%, 1398 females and 505 males. Misconceptions about modes of transmission and intolerant attitudes were evident. Mean knowledge score improved from 65% to 82% and attitude 51% to 64%, that is, relative increase 26% (P < 0.0005). Females had slightly lower baseline knowledge than males but showed greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Grade 12 students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS was inadequate and attitudes stigmatizing. Peer-based knowledge workshops were effective, especially among females. Concise integrated teaching and workshops designed to address key knowledge and attitudinal deficiencies can be highly effective.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVENTIONS | STIGMA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Education | Schools | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Health | Marketing | Public Health
Document Number: 342885

10.

Title: Exposure to information and communication about HIV/AIDS and perceived credibility of information sources among young people in northern Tanzania.
Author: Bastien S; Leshabari MT; Klepp KI
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009;8(2):213-222.
Abstract: A structured face-to-face interview was completed by 993 young people out of school, between the ages of 13 and 18, in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; additionally, the questionnaire was self-administered by 1,007 students attending either their last year of primary or first year of secondary school. Significant factors associated with the frequency of exposure to HIV/AIDS information and frequency of communication about HIV/AIDS included urban/rural location, sex, socio-economic status, and educational attainment. Both groups ranked the radio as the most frequent source of HIV/AIDS information. The in-school group reported significantly more frequent exposure to all sources of HIV/AIDS information, and they communicated more frequently about the topic than did the out-of-school group. The in-school group gave high credibility ratings to medical doctors, the radio, and parents as sources of information, whereas the out-of-school group attributed the most credibility to the mass media. Irrespective of school attendance, the young people ranked friends, parents, and doctors as preferred communicators of sexual and reproductive health information.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTHS | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | INFORMATION SOURCES | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | KNOWLEDGE | MASS MEDIA | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information | Communication | Data Collection | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 339889

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Teenagers and emergency contraception in the UK: a focus group study of salient beliefs using concepts from the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
Author: Bayley J; Brown K; Wallace L
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jun;14(3):196-206.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore teenagers' beliefs about emergency contraception (EC) within a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework. METHODS: Six single sex focus groups comprising a total of 25 female and 23 male pupils aged 13-16 years conducted in schools in Central England. RESULTS: Attitudes to emergency contraception (EC) were mainly positive about the rewards of avoiding teenage pregnancy. Participants had positive beliefs about the effectiveness of EC, although knowledge of crucial time limits varied. EC use was more socially acceptable than teenage pregnancy, yet both outcomes were perceived negatively. Motivation to comply with social pressure was influenced by the appraisal of individuals' intentions. Participants reported high self efficacy in accessing EC, but had concerns over confidentiality and access. CONCLUSIONS: Desire to avoid pregnancy was high in this group, but practical factors and attitudes may be more important for those ambivalent about pregnancy. Adolescents perceive accessing EC as difficult, are concerned about confidentiality, and anticipate negative reactions from staff. Data support the TPB as a suitable framework for understanding attitudes to EC use. Further research should apply quantitative TPB measures to EC use in a wider teenage sample in order to identify potential psychological factors to target in an intervention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | KNOWLEDGE | PEER PRESSURE | MOTIVATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Psychosocial Factors
Document Number: 341801

12.

Title: Perception and practice of emergency contraception among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Author: Bello FA; Olayemi O; Fawole AO; Ogunbode OO; Sobukunola T
Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2009 Jun;20(2):113-121.
Abstract: The authors performed a cross-sectional questionnaire study with 383 female undergraduates in Nigeria in June 2006 to assess their perceptions about and proper use of emergency contraception (EC). One hundred and five (48.2%) of the students had been sexually exposed. Only 32 (30.5%) used regular contraception. Seventy-three (24.3%) female undergraduates were aware of EC. Only 29 (7.6%) had used EC before. Most would not use EC drugs in the future due to lack of awareness (64.8%), fear for future fertility, and fear that EC was injurious to health. Use of EC was associated with awareness of correct interval for use. The authors concluded that there was poor knowledge about EC and poor use. Most knowledge was acquired from peers and was inaccurate.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | STUDENTS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, POSTCOITAL | KNOWLEDGE | PEER EDUCATORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Adolescents | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 339903

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Alcohol and illicit drug use and its influence on the sexual behavior of teenagers from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Uso de alcool e drogas e sua influencia sobre as praticas sexuais de adolescentes de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Author: Bertoni N; Bastos FI; de Mello MV; Makuch MY; de Sousa MH; Osis MJ; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1350-1360.
Abstract: This article summarizes the findings of a survey of 5,981 students from public schools in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analysis assessed the influence of drug use on sexual practices. Among the boys who stated having used illicit drugs and who were engaged in relationships with casual partners, 56% reported consistent condom use, as compared to 65% among those not reporting such habits. Among boys who reported illicit drug use and who were engaged in relationships with stable partners, consistent condom use was reported by 43%, versus 64% among those not reporting such habits. In the subgroup of boys engaged in stable relationships who did not report illicit drug use, consistent condom use was less frequent among those who used alcohol or cigarettes, compared to those who did not drink or smoke (61% versus 71%). Girls were less likely than boys to use condoms consistently, regardless of the nature of their relationships, without a noticeable influence of drug use. Policies to prevent drug abuse, sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned pregnancy should be fully integrated.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | RISK FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health
Document Number: 340175

14.

Title: Effectiveness of an intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among fifth-grade children in Brazil.
Author: Bottaro SM; Giugliani ER
Source: Journal of Human Lactation. 2009 Aug;25(3):325-32.
Abstract: This cluster-randomized trial evaluated the effectiveness and residual effect of an educational intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among fifth grade children of both sexes in Brazil. Schools were considered clusters and analysis of variance was used to compare an intervention group (n = 298) and a control group (n = 253) regarding knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs about breastfeeding before and after the intervention, measured through a standardized 25-item, multiple-choice questionnaire. The scores in the intervention group improved significantly, with the effect lasting at least 3 months. The intervention had greater impact on girls and on students between 9 and 11 years of age when compared with boys and students between 12 and 17 years old and also between students from public schools. Results suggest that pro-breastfeeding interventions in schools improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVENTIONS | CHILDREN | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | STUDENTS | BREASTFEEDING | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Education | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 342903

15.
Title: Contraceptive use and attitudes among female college students.
Author: Bryant KD
Source: ABNF Journal. 2009 Winter;20(1):12-6.
Abstract: Unintended pregnancy is a social issue that severely jeopardizes the quality of life for parents and their children. College age women between the ages of 20-24 have one of the highest rates of unintended pregnancies due to lack of contraceptive use and unsafe sexual practices. Since 80% of college females are sexually active and not seeking to become pregnant, it is important to provide these women with effective contraceptive options. Among this population, Black and Hispanic woman have a disproportionate rate of unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to examine contraceptive attitudes and demographic characteristics among female college students. Participants were grouped into those who use contraceptives consistently, intermittently, or not at all. The sample consisted of 120 racially diverse female college students who were sexually active within the past 3 months. Participants completed the Contraceptive Attitude Scale, contraceptive use tool, and demographic tool. The results showed that there was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and contraceptive attitudes for race, age, marital status, years of college education and income between the contraceptive groups. A majority of participants had a positive attitude regarding contraceptives. Women with higher contraceptive attitude scores were significantly more likely to be consistent contraceptive users. Uninterrupted contraceptive users had significantly higher mean contraceptive attitude scores than intermittent users and nonusers. The results of this study may enable healthcare providers to develop more effective methods of increasing contraceptive use and simultaneously decrease unintended pregnancy rates. Nurses play an integral role by providing women with contraceptive counseling that will assist these women in making an informed decision about contraception use.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 330599

16.

Title: Emergency contraception - knowledge and attitudes in a group of Australian university students.
Author: Calabretto H
Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2009 Jun;33(3):234-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore first year Australian university students' knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraception and their understanding of the risk for pregnancy. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 627 first year on-campus students from both health and non-health disciplines. RESULTS: Knowledge about emergency contraception (EC) was generally poor including misunderstanding that it can only be used the 'morning after', as well as where it may be accessed. Its potential use was, however, more highly accepted as a preventative measure after unprotected sexual intercourse than abortion in the event of unplanned pregnancy. Women had better knowledge than men, and on a number of measures there were significant differences between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Poor knowledge about the timing, accessibility, action and side effects of EC may act as a barrier to its use in the event of unprotected sexual intercourse. Although EC has been available in Australia as a Schedule 3 medication since 2004, its availability from pharmacies is not well known, nor is access from other primary health care providers. Implications: The lack of knowledge about EC may lead to its underutilisation and underlines the need for future educational strategies about EC as well as the need for health professionals who provide contraceptive services to discuss EC with clients. Health promotion campaigns which are both general as well as gender-specific may improve overall community knowledge about this method of contraception.
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | ABORTION | QUESTIONNAIRES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | Oceania | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 342310 Notification

17.

Title: Preventing student pregnancy in Guinea�s Forest Region.
Author: Castle S
Source: Washington, D.C., CORE Group, [2009]. 8 p.
Abstract: Plan International implemented the Forest Region Sustainable Community-Based Reproductive and Sexual Health Project, a 3.5-year intervention to increase knowledge and use of family planning in five prefectures of Guinea's forest region. In partnership with the Association Guinenne pour le Bien-Etre Familiale (AGBEF), Plan International used a community-based approach that included recruiting and training nearly 800 community-based services agents to offer information, some modern methods, and referrals to women, men, and couples in the project zone. From the outset, the Forest Region Project also took a strong interest in the sexual health and FP needs of young people, knowing that early sexual activity combined with low FP use commonly led to unwanted pregnancy and school abandonment and/or unsafe abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
GUINEA | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | STUDENTS | SUGAR DADDIES | PEER EDUCATORS | TEACHERS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | EDUCATION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities
Document Number: 330603

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Evaluation of uptake and attitude to voluntary counseling and testing among health care professional students in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.
Author: Charles MP; Kweka EJ; Mahande AM; Barongo LR; Shekalaghe S; Nkya HM; Lowassa A; Mahande MJ
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 May;9(128):1-9.
Abstract: A structured questionnaire was used among health care professional students aged 18-25 years who were enrolled in degree, diploma, and certificate courses at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College and all other allied health schools. A total of 309 students were recruited; among these 197 (63.8%) were females. All respondents were aware of the benefits of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Only 107 (34.6%) of students had previously gone to VCT. Risk perception among the students was low (37.2%) even though they were found to have higher risk behaviors that predisposed them to becoming infected with HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | AWARENESS | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341407

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Trends in primary and secondary abstinence among Kenyan youth.
Author: Chiao C; Mishra V
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jul;Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, Demographic and Health Research Division, MEASURE DHS, 2007 Nov. 21(7):881-892. 15 p. (DHS Working Papers No. 36USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00)
Abstract: The authors used data from Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys in 1993, 1998, and 2003 to examine 10-year trends in primary and secondary abstinence among never-married youth ages 15�24 and to explore the role of HIV prevention knowledge, schooling, and contextual factors in affecting their abstinence behaviors. Their analysis shows that both primary and secondary abstinence levels have risen in the past 10 years, with the abstinence levels higher among females than among males. Logistic regression models indicate that knowledge that abstinence can prevent HIV infection was positively associated with the likelihood of practicing abstinence. However, knowledge that condom use can prevent HIV infection was associated with lower abstinence practice. In-school youth were more likely to abstain from sex than those working. Effects of the contextual variables were only significant on the likelihood of primary abstinence among female youth.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | TECHNICAL REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ABSTINENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | TRANSMISSION | HIV PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | CONDOM USE | BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Education | Schools | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 322987

20.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of condom use and associated factors in a sample of university students in southern Brazil.
Author: Costa LC; da Rosa MI; Battisti ID
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1245-50.
Abstract: This article focuses on the frequency of condom use and associated factors in university students, based on a cross-sectional study of 633 students in 2006. Associations were investigated using a logistic regression model with 5% significance. Condom use prevalence was 60%. Having candidiasis was a protective factor for condom use in both sexual initiation (OR = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.31-0.79) and the most recent sexual intercourse (OR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.24-0.65). Condom use was associated with single marital status (OR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.60-5.23) and having a sex partner from the health field (OR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.34-0.75). Condom use was high in all sexual relations in this sample of university students. Single marital status and having a sex partner from a health-related course were positively associated with condom use in the most recent intercourse. Self-reported genital candidiasis was protective for condom use during early sexual activity and in the most recent sexual relation. Belonging to the health field did not show a significant impact on the use of male condoms.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | CANDIDIASIS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 341580

21.

Title: Current contraceptive awareness and use in Greek dental school students.
Author: Dinas K; Ahiropoulos V; Mavromatidis G; Chatzipantelis E; Zepiridis L; Theodoridis T; Gkoutzioulis F; Delkos D; Rousso D
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Mar;18(3):387-91.
Abstract: AIMS: We conducted a pilot study in female dental school students in Northern Greece in order to assess their awareness and practice of contraception. METHODS: The study population consisted of 88 female graduating students of the dental school. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was designed to explore students' awareness and use of contraceptive methods. RESULTS: Condoms were the most widely used contraceptive method (they were used by 52.3% of the students); 20.5% of the students were using condoms in alternation or together with coitus interruptus, and 6.8% were using only coitus interruptus. The oral contraceptive pill (OC) was used as the only contraceptive method by 4.5% of the students and in combination with condoms by 9.1% of them. The majority (53.4%) considered condoms as the most effective contraceptive method; 9.1% of the students answered "sterilization" and the same percentage stated "intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)." Overall, 20.5% of the students believed that the OC increases the risk of cancer, and 36.4% did not know if there is an association between OC use and risk of cancer. Among students not using OC, the respective percentages were 23.7% and 42.1%. among the students, 59.1% had asked their gynecologist about contraception. The contraceptive method used and the perception regarding the most effective contraceptive method did not differ significantly between those who had consulted their gynecologist and those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Dental school students in Greece appear to have inaccurate knowledge on important contraceptive issues, and this is reflected in their contraceptive practices. There is a pressing need to provide scientifically based sexual education if we are to avoid unwanted pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
GREECE | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | QUESTIONNAIRES | STUDENTS | YOUTH | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | DENTAL HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Health | Family Planning
Document Number: 330552

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Gender factors associated with sexual abstinent behaviour of rural South African high school going youth in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Author: Dlamini S; Taylor M; Mkhize N; Huver R; Sathiparsad R; de Vries H; Naidoo K; Jinabhai C
Source: Health Education Research. 2009 Jun;24(3):450-60.
Abstract: The cross-sectional study investigated South African rural high school learners' choice of sexual abstinence in order to be able to develop tailored health education messages. All Grade 9 learners from one class at each of 10 randomly selected rural high schools participated. The Integrated Model for Motivational and Behavioural Change was used to elicit attitudes, social influences, self-efficacy and intentions towards sexual abstinence. Chi-square and t-tests were used for bivariate analysis. In total, 454 learners, mean age 16.7 years (standard deviation 1.41) range 14-20 years, participated, of whom 246 (54.2%) were female. When comparing learners reporting abstinence (n = 252) with those not abstinent (n = 202), abstinent learners were significantly more often females (P < 0.005), younger (16.5 years versus 17.1 years, P < 0.005) and drank less alcohol (P < 0.005). Abstaining girls believed that their friends and parents think that they should abstain from sex, that their friends abstained from sex and that abstinence helped them to mature emotionally. Abstinent boys expressed intentions to abstain from sex until marriage. Targeted intervention research is required to encourage South African rural high school learners to delay their sexual initiation to reduce their risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Different abstinent messages are needed for boys and girls to address the different patterns of behaviour observed.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | RURAL POPULATION | STUDENTS | ABSTINENCE | PREVALENCE | ATTITUDES | SEX FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Measurement | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341430

23.

Title: [Health risk behaviors among adolescents in the south of Brazil: prevalence and associated factors] Comportamentos de risco a saude em adolescentes no Sul de Brasil: prevalencia e fatores associados.
Author: Farias Junior JC; Nahas MV; Barros MV; Loch MR; Oliveira ES; De Bem MF; Lopes AS
Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud P�blica / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;25(4):344-352.
Abstract: The authors sought to determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors and to analyze factors associated with exposure to such behaviors among adolescents in the state of Santa Catarina in the south of Brazil. Adolescents attending 240 high school classes at the state's public schools answered a questionnaire that collected demographics (sex, age, area of residence, and day versus night classes); social and economic data (working status and monthly family income); and information on health risk behaviors. The completed questionnaires of 5,028 adolescents (2,984 females and 2,044 males) 15-19 years of age were considered valid. The most prevalent health risk behaviors were insufficient levels of physical activity (36.5%), low intake of fruits and vegetables (46.5%), and irregular use of condoms (38.3%). Approximately 7 of 10 adolescents (64.7%) were exposed to two or more risk behaviors simultaneously. The following risk subgroups were identified: male adolescents, adolescents 18-19 years of age, living in urban areas, studying at night, and having a higher family income. The percentage of adolescents exposed to health risk behaviors was high, especially when simultaneous exposure to different behaviors was considered.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | EXPOSURE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DIET | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Risk Factors | Health | Behavior | Nutrition
Document Number: 340178

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Health discourse, sexual slang and ideological contradictions among Mozambican youth: implications for method.
Author: Groes-Green C
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Aug;11(6):655-668.
Abstract: Findings from fieldwork on condom use among young people in Mozambique confirm the need to remain alert to the ideological and linguistic bias of applied research methods. Using conventional health discourse to interview young people about their sexuality resulted in incorrect or socially acceptable answers rather than accurate information about their sexual behavior. In order to gain a deeper understanding of sexual cultures and to make HIV prevention efforts relevant to young people, the author suggests that researchers and policy-makers approach respondents with a language that is sensitive to the local ideological and linguistic context.
Language: English
Keywords:
MOZAMBIQUE | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | FOCUS GROUPS | STUDENTS | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALITY | LANGUAGE | INTERVIEWS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | VALIDITY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Education | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Communication | Measurement
Document Number: 339891

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sub-Saharan African university students' beliefs about condoms, condom-use intention, and subsequent condom use: a prospective study.
Author: Heeren GA; Jemmott 3d JB; Mandeya A; Tyler JC
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):268-276.
Abstract: This study examined whether certain behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs predict the intention to use condoms and subsequent condom use among 320 undergraduates at a university in South Africa. The students completed confidential questionnaires on two occasions separated by three months. Participants' mean age was 23.4 years, 47.8% were women, 48.9% were South Africans, and 51.1% were from other sub-Saharan African countries. Multiple regression revealed that condom-use intention was predicted by hedonistic behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs regarding sexual partners and peers, and control beliefs regarding condom-use technical skill and impulse control. Logistic regression revealed that baseline condom-use intention predicted consistent condom use and condom use during most recent intercourse at three-month follow-up.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | BELIEFS | UNIVERSITIES | CONDOMS | CONDOM USE | VALUE ORIENTATION | SAFER SEX | PEER PRESSURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Education | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Schools | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Psychological Factors | Psychosocial Factors
Document Number: 340124

26.

Title: Female college students' knowledge, perceptions, and use of emergency contraception.
Author: Hickey MT
Source: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 2009 Jul-Aug;38(4):399-405.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine female college students' knowledge, perceptions, and use of emergency contraception since its availability over-the-counter. DESIGN: Exploratory, descriptive survey design. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A convenience sample of female college students between the ages of 18 and 24 in a private suburban university in the Mid-Atlantic region. RESULTS: Six hundred and nine students responded to the survey (22% response rate). Findings revealed that 15% of respondents indicated having been pregnant previously; 87% of those pregnancies were unplanned. Ninety-eight percent had heard of emergency contraception; however, nearly 40% were unsure if emergency contraception was the same as RU-486 (the abortion pill). Ninety-five percent of respondents knew that emergency contraception is available in the United States; 33% believed that a prescription was required. Perceived side effects were reported by 71%; 60% did not believe they could obtain emergency contraception. Twenty-eight percent reported previously using emergency contraception; 27% of these purchased it over-the-counter. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicated that women who are considered at risk for unintended pregnancies are not aware of the use, availability, and accessibility of an effective means of prevention. In addition, misconceptions regarding emergency contraception, such as its side effects, were also a significant finding. Based on these findings, education about emergency contraception is warranted, particularly in this at-risk population.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | UNIVERSITIES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREVALENCE | KNOWLEDGE | PERCEPTION | ATTITUDES | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | RU-486 | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Schools | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Measurement | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Contraceptive Agents | Hormone Antagonists | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 342145

27.
Title: A randomised controlled trial of peer-adult-led intervention on improvement of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
Author: Jahanfar S; Lye MS; Rampal L
Source: Singapore Medical Journal. 2009 Feb;50(2):173-80.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of university students regarding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A randomised controlled trial of 530 university students was done using peer-adult facilitators. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the intervention, which was a four-hour group session. A prevention programme was developed by local experts, health educators and peer facilitators. The peer-adult-led programme was designed to provide a conceptual model of HIV risk reduction through information, motivational and behavioural skills, a harm reduction module and health promotion theme. RESULTS: The main outcome measured was the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour scores. The results suggest that relative to the control group, participants in the intervention group had higher levels of knowledge (30.37 vs. 25.40; p-value is 0.001) and a better attitude (12.27 vs. 10.84; p-value is 0.001). However, there was no difference in the behavioural score (9.47 vs. 9.41; p-value is 0.530). The correlation between the level of knowledge and age and the level of education was found in the intervention group, but not in the control group (p-value is 0.01). Attitude and gender were found to be correlated in the intervention group only (p-value is 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our programme was successful in increasing knowledge and improving attitudes towards AIDS and HIV. However, it did not improve risk-taking behaviour. Peer-adult-led educational programmes for youth using various interactional activities, such as small group discussions, poster activity and empathy exercises, can be successful in changing the prevailing youth perceptions of AIDS and HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | AIDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 342091

28.

Title: Correlates of condom use among male high school students in Nairobi, Kenya.
Author: Kabiru CW; Orpinas P
Source: Journal of School Health. 2009 Sep;79(9):425-32.
Abstract: This study examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics of three groups of adolescent males: those who use condoms consistently, those who use them sporadically, and non-condom users. The sample consisted of 931 sexually experienced male high school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Cross tabulations and general linear models were used to test the relation between each explanatory variable and condom user group. Fifty-three percent of respondents reported having used condoms. Compared with nonusers and sporadic users, consistent users engaged in sexual intercourse for the first time at an older age and reported higher condom use self-efficacy, more positive peer attitudes toward safe sex, and stronger attitudes toward condom use. Compared with sporadic and consistent users, nonusers reported fewer sexual partners, less substance use, and more frequent intercourse with nonromantic partners. Sporadic users, compared with the other two groups, had more sexual partners and stronger attitudes that support that males and females have separate roles. The three groups did not differ in HIV/AIDS knowledge. All groups perceived their risk of contracting an STI as low, and this perception did not differ by condom use. Differences in participants' age by group were minimal.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | RISK BEHAVIOR | CHILD HEALTH | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | RISK FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Health | Behavior
Document Number: 342558

29.
Title: Factors associated with sexual activity among high-school students in Nairobi, Kenya.
Author: Kabiru CW; Orpinas P
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2009;32(4):1023-1039.
Abstract: This study examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors associated with heterosexual activity among a sample of 3,556 male and female high school students in Nairobi, Kenya. Approximately 50% of the males and 11% of females reported having had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime with a significant proportion reporting multiple sexual partnerships. Sexual activity was associated with various factors including religiosity, perceived parental attitudes towards sex, living arrangements, and school characteristics. However, the pattern of association differed for males and females. Results suggest that adolescents may benefit from sex education programs addressing multiple factors that may predispose adolescents to sexual activity, and that take into account gender differences.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | NEEDS | SEX EDUCATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Education | Schools | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339858

30.


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