Your search found 132 record(s).
New Basic Search    |     New Advanced Search    |     POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

1. Title: Source: Abstract: Language: Document Number:

2. Title: Reaching street children in Honiara. Author: Gatu R Source: In: 1st Pacific Regional HIV / AIDS and STD Conference, Nadi, Fiji, 23-25 February 1999. Conference proceedings, [compiled by] Pacific Community. Secretariat. Noumea, New Caledonia, Pacific Community, Secretariat, 2000. :70. Abstract: The situation of homeless children in Honiara, Solomon Islands, attracted the attention of Sister Doreen of the Anglican Sisters of the Church. One discovery was that these young people had little knowledge of sexuality but were often sexually active, some with the sailors on boats visiting the port. After a training assessment, a workshop for 34 young people, including a number of street kids, was conducted. This has resulted in some of the young people, who had never been exposed to such education previously, educating their peers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOLOMON ISLANDS | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | HOMELESS PERSONS | STREET KIDS | WORKSHOPS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Oceania | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Education Document Number: 164168

3. Peer Reviewed Title: Telephone vs. face-to-face notification of HIV results in high-risk youth. Author: Tsu RC; Burm ML; Gilhooly JA; Sells CW Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2002 Mar;30(3):154-60. Abstract: The aim of this study is to increase the number of high-risk and homeless youth who receive HIV test results and posttest counseling. Oral HIV testing and counseling were offered to high-risk and homeless youth at sites at which youth congregate throughout Portland, Oregon. Subjects were randomized to receive test results and posttest counseling either in a face-to-face manner or with the option of telephone notification. Self-reported demographic and risk-behavior information was collected prior to HIV testing. The differences in the proportion of youth who received their test results were analyzed according to the notification method and demographic characteristics using SPSS. Among the 351 youth who were tested, 48% followed up to receive test results and posttest counseling. Adolescents most likely to receive their results were female, older (19-24 years), and white and those who reported high-risk behaviors. Those given the option of telephone notification were significantly more likely to receive their results than those required to have face-to-face notification (odds ratio = 2.301, 95% confidence interval of 1.499, 3.534). This was true regardless of age, race, history of previous HIV testing, or presence of high- risk behaviors. Two youths tested positive for HIV corroborating previous reports of low HIV prevalence in this population. Both were assigned to the face-to-face notification group and, therefore, no HIV positive results were given by telephone. The option of telephone notification significantly increased the proportion of youth that received posttest counseling and results following community-based testing. (author's) Language: English Keywords: OREGON | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | NOTIFICATION | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 164883

4. Peer Reviewed Title: Health problems of street children in Eldoret, Kenya. Author: Ayaya SO; Esamai FO Source: East African Medical Journal. 2001 Dec;78(12):624-9. Abstract: The street children phenomenon is an increasing problem in most cosmopolitan cities of the world, including Eldoret, Kenya. With the growth of the town comes an increasing number of street children. It is therefore important to have baseline data on their health problems. This prospective and descriptive study was conducted to determine the health problems of street children in Eldoret Town, Kenya. Study participants comprised Eldoret street children aged 5-21 years. Type 1 street children were the “on” the street children who spent most of their time on the streets but went home in the evenings. Type 2 were "of" the street children who spent all their time in the streets and had severed their links with their families and did not have a home to go to. Type 3 were abandoned children staying in a shelter and type 4 were normal primary school children. A total of 191 children were studied. There were 38, 47, 56 and 50 types 1, 2, 3 and 4 children, respectively. The most common symptom was cough (28.9%) while the most frequent diagnosis was upper respiratory tract infection (12.1%), followed by skin disease (50.9%) as the leading disease category. The common drug of addiction was cigarettes (37.6%), with none of the school children taking any drugs of addiction. The prevalence of disease was 467/1000 children. Type 2 street children had the highest prevalence of disease (833/1000). Shelter children had the least disease prevalence (474/1000). Factors determining prevalence of disease were the same as in normal children. The malnutrition rate was high, with 31.1% and 41.9% of the children being stunted and underweight, respectively. Type 3 children had the highest rate of malnutrition, with 51.8% being stunted and 64.3% underweight. In conclusion, street children have a high incidence of childhood diseases. Factors determining occurrence of disease among street children are as in normal children. Respiratory and skin diseases were the leading causes of morbidity. Drug abuse was rampant among the street children but none of the school children abused any drug. Sexually transmitted infections were not prevalent. Most of the shelter children were malnourished. The authors recommended that the government of Kenya should provide free health care for street children in public hospitals. Further studies should be carried out on the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases based on laboratory testing and on the causes of the injuries suffered by the street children. The reasons for the poor nutritional status of the shelter children should be analyzed and appropriate measures taken. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | CHILD | STREET KIDS | CHILD HEALTH | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health Document Number: 165543

5. Title: Kazak street kids. Juvenile delinquency in Kazakstan has become a permanent headache for the police. Author: Dosybiev D Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 2001 May 18. 3 p. (RCA No. 52) Abstract: In Kazakhstan, juvenile crime increased and the number of children in juvenile detention rose from 718 to 749 in 2001. Although juvenile delinquency is not a new problem in the country and has been at the top of the government's agenda, no solution to this problem has been extended. Much of it is fueled by homeless children, who have left or been forced out of alcoholic households. Special police units round up the street kids, lodging them in halfway houses before sending them back to their families, to boarding schools or, for some, to juvenile detention centers. Unfortunately, though, the majority of vagrants who have been picked up and sent to other orphanage flee from the dreary routine and find themselves back on the street. Consequently, unemployment and the lack of social outreach facilities drive them to steal. One project that aimed to establish foster homes across the country has tapered off, with government officials habitually citing lack of funds. Language: English Keywords: KAZAKHSTAN | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | CRIME | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Asia, Central | Asia | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Behavior Document Number: 165187

6. Title: Migrant street children on the rise in Central America. Author: Collymore Y Source: Population Today. 2002 Feb-Mar;30(2):1, 4-5. Abstract: Natural disasters, economic crises, and poverty are contributing to a rise in the number of migrant street children in Latin America, where approximately 90 million children already live in poverty. The numbers of displaced children are especially high in Nicaragua and Honduras, following the devastation by Hurricane Mitch. Often, these young migrants leave home to escape poverty, hoping to find better opportunities in urban areas of the US or other countries. Yet, often these children end up living in the streets. The UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that about 100 million children are living in the streets worldwide, where they are exposed to various dangers such as prostitution, child trafficking, physical/sexual abuse and murder. They are also vulnerable to become engaged in crimes, drug and alcohol abuse. Problems concerning migrant streetchildren have caused organizations and groups to take steps alleviating their socioeconomic conditions. However, the challenge continues in translating international treaties into actions to improve children's lives. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CHILD | MIGRANTS | STREET KIDS | CHILD CARE | POVERTY | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | North America | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 165264

7. Title: The structural causes of the problem of street children in Tanzania: implications for its study and efforts towards its alleviation. Author: Musoke IK Source: Tanzanian Journal of Population Studies and Development. 1996;3(1-2):83-99. Abstract: One of the major problems facing Tanzania is the increasing number of street children in almost all urban centers. According to the Department of Social Welfare officials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania has about 15,000-20,000 street children scattered all over the country. In this article, the term “street children” refers to a boy or girl who has not reached adulthood and for whom the street has become his habitual abode and/or source of livelihood; and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by responsible adults or society. Contributing factors for this social problem include: failure of families/households to take care of their children; child abuse and/or neglect; family crises; death of one or both parents; rural-urban migration; poverty; uneven socioeconomic and political organization and development; and transformation of society such as disintegration of traditional integrating institutions. In conclusion, it is noted that future research should make a distinction between immediate and basic causes of the problem. Finally, the affected children themselves should be involved when studying the causes and consequence of living on/from the streets, and when suggesting interventions in order to alleviate the situation. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | STUDIES | URBAN AREAS | CHILD | STREET KIDS | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 166363

8. Title: Street children in St. Petersburg. Source: World of Work. 2001 Dec;(41):7. Abstract: There are an estimated 16,000 street children in St. Petersburg, Russia, 77% of whom work in exploitative and dangerous jobs. According to an International Labor Organization (ILO) study, nearly all street girls in St. Petersburg, are involved in prostitution. The average age level of those involved in the trade is 12 years. Economic reasons have driven the girls, with about 80% reporting that they need money and food to survive. The analysis also shows the alarming state of public awareness and the involvement of adults. It is noted that almost half of the children have been encouraged by an adult acquaintance and 4.3% even by family member. In response, ILO's International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC) set up an action program designed to develop a rehabilitation model for 100 street girls at risk of sexual exploitation. IPEC also plans to call upon the City Labor Committee to form a task force devoted in rooting out the most dangerous forms of child labor. The key to achieving this is by coordinating and channeling the work of organizations that touch on children's life. Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | STREET KIDS | SEX WORKERS | CHILD LABOR | CHILD ABUSE | PROGRAMS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 166583

9. Title: Romanian labour inspectors learn from Turkey's child labour experience. Source: World of Work. 2001 Dec;(41):43. Abstract: According to this brief article, there is still limited capacity to fight the worst forms of child labor in Romania. In Bucharest alone, there are an estimated 5000 working street children, most of whom are involved in activities such as scavenging, car washing, and begging, but also in prostitution. Experts from the International Labor Organization's (ILO) International Program on Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) have trained 25 labor inspectors and 5 members of the Child Labor Unit as trainers, reaching some 680 labor inspectors, local authorities, workers' and employers' organizations, the general public, media, and the working children themselves. The project is based on the Turkish experience for investigating and monitoring child labor and an international exchange of expertise with the ILO-IPEC program in Turkey that already started in 1993. Language: English Keywords: ROMANIA | TURKEY | SUMMARY REPORT | STREET KIDS | CHILD LABOR | PROGRAMS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 166590

10.    Title: Childhoods in Uganda being lived in the street. Author: Lacey M Source: New York Times. College Resources for Students and Faculty. 2002 Mar 24;:[4] p.. Abstract: In Uganda, over half the population lives in poverty. Street children are just one visible sign of poverty African-style, and of how efforts to help them are sometimes defeated. Despite the country's rapid economic progress, though, these children do not see their lives improving. Charities do offer ways out, but sometimes the solutions even have problems of their own. It is noted that one of the numerous organizations providing for street children is the Africa Foundation, a group founded by Kefa Sempangi, who is a member of Uganda's Parliament. But when a Dutch foundation called Redt een Kind, or Help a Child, accused him of misappropriating the US$8000 a month the group was sending to support 241 street children, Mr. Sempangi was forced to close one of his homes, which cared for 500 children. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CHILD | STREET KIDS | POVERTY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | HOMELESS PERSONS | FOUNDATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations Document Number: 166775

11.    Title: Afghan recovery report. Street kids dream of an education. Author: Samsoor F Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 2002 Apr 25. 2 p. (ARR No. 2) Abstract: Afghanistan's impoverished war widows are used to making difficult choices about their children's future, but for most the hardest is deciding whether to send them to school or to work. Hence, for many of Afghanistan's poorest children, school is a luxury they can ill afford. To get an accurate picture of the problems facing Kabul's youngsters, two charities, the French Terre des Hommes and the Afghan Nongovernmental Organization Ashiana, in cooperation with the government, are surveying around 1000 street children. Ashiana is an organization that caters the specific needs of over 2000 street children attending its network of drop-in centers and home-based girls schools. This charity provides courses in basic numeracy and literacy, together with training in things like woodwork, calligraphy, electronics and tailoring. One of the main challenges facing Ashiana is keeping children in their programs, as many have to continue working to support their families. Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | STREET KIDS | EDUCATION | CHILD LABOR | CHILD ABUSE | WAR | Asia, Southern | Africa | Developing Countries | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Political Factors Document Number: 166945

12. Title: Thinking about the danger of infecting HIV / AIDS in street children. Source: Suc Khoe Sinh San / Reproductive Health. 2002;:31. Abstract: This article focuses on the lives of street children in Vietnam and their vulnerability to contracting HIV/AIDS. It relates the experience of a 16-year- old boy who has lived in the streets for 8 years with other street children. On the street he learned how to smoke, gamble, drink, pickpocket, and to inject drugs. Since the drugs are expensive, street children often reuse the injection needles. This was how the boy contracted HIV. However, having no knowledge about HIV/AIDS, he is not sure how to deal with his illness. In this perspective, people should act for a more promising future for street children. Language: English Keywords: STREET KIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | RISK FACTORS | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology Document Number: 167840

13. Peer Reviewed Title: Harnessing talent: Ugandan street youth using drama to fight AIDS. Author: Mitchell K; Oling J; Onen T; Nyakake M; Kihuguru SM Source: Sexual Health Exchange. 2002;(1):15-6. Abstract: Through street and community outreach, HIV prevention clubs and training workshops, an innovative project called the Baabas takes HIV prevention messages to street children, the local community, and local leaders. This GOAL Uganda project seeks to reduce street children's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and sexual exploitation, by providing training, resources and ongoing support to 12 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working with this target group. At the center of the project are 140 so-called Baabas--street youth elected by their peers from participating street children NGOs (in the local language, Luganda, a Baaba is a respected older brother or sister who advises and guides his/her younger siblings). The Baabas are trained in HIV/AIDS and sexual health issues, as well as participatory teaching methods. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | STREET KIDS | PEER EDUCATORS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | DRAMA AND THEATER | ENTER-EDUCATE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Culture Document Number: 168218

14. Title: Sexual risk-taking behavior and HIV knowledge of Kingston's street boys. Author: Robinson T; Thompson T; Bain B Source: Journal of HIV / AIDS Prevention and Education for Adolescents and Children. 2001;4(2-3):127-47. Abstract: This study focuses on the sexual risk-taking behavior and HIV knowledge of the street boys of Kingston, Jamaica. A recent study conducted by the Pan American Health Organization suggests that many children may be at risk for contracting HIV through sexual intercourse. In that study, 42% of Caribbean school children interviewed had initiated sexual behavior by age 10. While all children may be at risk, street boys may be at an increased risk because they have spent an abundant amount of time on the streets where they may have become exposed to negative elements such as alcohol, drugs, and risky behaviors. Former street boys who are currently enrolled at the Young Men's Christian Association and the National Initiative for Street Children were the subjects for this study. A questionnaire was designed which included key topics identified by managers of youth support programs and current literature. The boys, ages 11-17, were divided into small groups by age, and each group was interviewed in an hour-long focus group session. The risk factors identified included an inability to obtain condoms, negative attitudes toward condom use, early age at sexual initiation, multiple sex partners, and drug and alcohol use. In addition, many of these boys held misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. Other issues identified included intolerance toward homosexual behavior and physical abuse against girls. Sexual education, as well as access to contraceptives, is necessary for boys in these programs. In addition, conflict resolution counseling might aid them in building better relationships with girls from their peer groups. (author's) Language: English Keywords: JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CHILD, MALE | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | STREET KIDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 168608

15.    Title: Azerbaijan : street kids get high to escape miseries. [Azerbaïdjan : les enfants de la rue se droguent pour échapper à la misère] Author: Bairamova L Source: London, England, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 2002 May 23. 3 p. (Caucasus Reporting Service No. 130) Abstract: This news article reports that hundreds of Baku's homeless children resort to substance abuse to escape from the harsh realities of their lives. The age of street children sniffing glue ranges from 8-18, many of whom have run away from the families in one of the regions of Azerbaijan. French Abstract: Cet article journalistique rapporte que des centaines d'enfants sans-abri de Baku ont recours à l'abus de substances pour s'échapper aux réalités sévères de leur vie. L'âge des enfants de la rue qui reniflent la colle varie de 8 à 18 ans, dont beaucoup ont fui leurs familles dans l'une des régions de l'Azerbaïdjan. Language: English Keywords: AZERBAIJAN | STREET KIDS | HOMELESS PERSONS | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | POVERTY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southwestern | Asia | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 168263

16. Title: Drug abuse among street children: a study of central Mumbai. Author: Kumar A Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2001 Jan 18. [10] p. Abstract: This paper presents a study undertaken among street children in Central Mumbai, India to assess the nature and extent of their problem and drug abuse strategies. Findings are shown through the tables presented which indicate the distribution of children by age and level of education; distribution of children by age and expenditure on drug abuse; distribution of children by age and reason for becoming street children; and distribution of drug addicted children sent to remand homes for medical treatment and drug rehabilitation. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | STREET KIDS | YOUTH | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | POVERTY | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 169311

17. Title: Problems of juvenile boys in remand home: a case study of two remand homes in greater Mumbai. Author: Dutta P Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2001 Jan 23. 9 p. Abstract: This research summary presents a case study that attempts to understand the problems of juvenile boys in two Remand Homes in Greater Mumbai. Specifically, it examines the familial background of the juvenile delinquents; the reasons for coming to the Remand Home; the quality of service in the Remand Home; and problems faced by juvenile delinquents. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | CHILD, MALE | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | GROUP HOMES | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | CRIME | VIOLENCE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Child | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Housing | Behavior Document Number: 169318

18. Title: Bad habits and health problems among male street children. Author: Parker RK Source: Mumbai, India, International Institute for Population Sciences, 2001. [12] p. Abstract: This research methodology paper describes a study that explores the bad habits and health problems among male street children in India and presents case studies of four male street children. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CASE STUDIES | STREET KIDS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | URBAN POPULATION | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | CHILD HEALTH | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | TOBACCO USE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Studies | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Health | Behavior Document Number: 169082

19. Title: The children's streets. An ethnographic study of street children in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Las calles de los niños. Estudio etnográfico de niños de la calle en Ciudad Juárez, México. Author: Trussell RP Source: International Social Work. 1999 Apr;42(2):189-199. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to observe behaviors of street children in Ciudad Juárez in an effort to gain a better understanding of their condition. This study sought to bring the words and perceptions of street children, and those who work with the children, into a forum which sheds light on the factors which affect these children as they live and work on the streets. (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: El objeto de este estudio fue observar las conductas de los niños de la calle en Ciudad Juárez, en un intento por comprender mejor su condición. El objeto de la iniciativa fue volcar las expresiones y percepciones de los niños de la calle y de quienes trabajan con ellos en un foro capaz de ilustrar los factores que afectan a los niños que viven y trabajan en este entorno. (extracto) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | LITERATURE REVIEW | RESEARCH REPORT | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | STREET KIDS | HOMELESS PERSONS | POPULATION AT RISK | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | CHILD LABOR | REMITTANCES | CHILD ABUSE | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | VIOLENCE | POLICE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PUBLIC OPINION | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | North America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Family and Household Document Number: 182058

20. Title: Thailand: meeting the challenges of children affected by HIV. Source: AIDS Action. 1995 Apr-Jun;(27):11. Abstract: As a Buddhist country, Thailand has a long tradition of charity services, including those that care for orphans, street children and other children in difficult circumstances. Western Christian groups have supplemented these efforts with additional institutions. Today, some of these very diverse institutions -- Viengping Children's Home in Chiang Mai, Christian Out-reach and the Foundation for Agriculture and Rural Management are now responding to the new challenges of caring for children affected by the HIV epidemic. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | PREGNANT WOMEN | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | CHILD CARE | INTERVENTIONS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Organizations | Child Rearing | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family and Household Document Number: 180601

21. Title: Orphans and AIDS. San Francisco. Author: Hayward RF Source: AIDS and Society. 1990 Jul;1(4):4. Abstract: Reports at the VI International Conference made it clear that AIDS orphans are growing in numbers, that in some countries recent gains in child survival rates will be reversed as a result, that traditional family capacities to care for their own are being overwhelmed, and that public institutions to cope with the problem are either non-existent or inadequate. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | AIDS | IMPACT | INTERVENTIONS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | FOSTERING | ADOPTION | GROUP HOMES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family and Household | Friends and Relatives | Child Rearing | Behavior | Housing Document Number: 180828

22. Title: [AIDS prevention among incarcerated adolescents in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil] Prevenção da Aids com adolescentes encarcerados em São Paulo, SP. Author: Peres CA; Paiva V; da Silveira F; Peres FA; Hearst N Source: Revista de Saude Publica / Journal of Public Health. 2002 Aug;36(4 Suppl):76-81. Abstract: 0bjectives: To describe social and family support, drug use, and knowledge, practices and attitudes related to AIDS and its prevention among male teenagers. Methods: Participants were 275 male teenagers interned in a youth detention center (FEBEM - State Foundation for Juvenile Well-Being) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. There were two segments. In segment 1, semi-structured interviews with 20 detainees took place. In segment 2, close-end self-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, criminal records, sexual practices, drug use, attitudes, blow/edge and AIDS-related practices were applied. Results: Ninety percent of the detainees lived previously with their families. All of them had attended public schools, although 61% had already dropped out. Twelve percent had never used drugs, and 5.5% were introvenous drug users. Most (98%) were sexually active; 35% had had more than 15 sexual partners, 8% had homosexual experiences (inside or outside the center), 12% had exchanged sex for material return and 22% were fathers. Many said that getting HIV infected "that's life" and that they face greater risks in their lives, such as surviving on the streets. They think condoms are easily broken (83%) and interfere with sex (58%); 72% had used condoms but only 9% used them with all their partners. Conclusions: These teenagers have a very high risk of HIV infection. It is necessary to integrate AIDS prevention programs to their life ills and related problems such as racism, expectations for the future, criminality, drug use, basic rights including sexual and reproductive rights, and show them there are alternatives other than exposing themselves to HIV infection or dying as criminals. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | QUESTIONNAIRES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STREET KIDS | ADOLESCENTS | PRISONERS | GROUP HOMES | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Housing | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Human Rights Document Number: 184779

23. Title: [BAYTI: a UFO on the planet rue] BAYTI: un ovni dans la planète rue. Author: Maalla M’Jid N Source: [Unpublished] [2000]. 102 p. Abstract: This document describes the phenomenon of street children in Morocco. After describing the street from point of view of space and habitation, the author identifies children living on the street and mentions the reasons for which these children chose the street as an alternative to their previous lifestyle. It is noted that these children form homogenous groups, each having its specific characteristics and precise expectations according to the semi-fixed locations where they have chosen to live. This selection of location offers them informal economic options and provides them with protection and bearings. Three main categories of street children are described: street-only children, representing 10% of street children; street-alternative children who oscillate between the street, the house, and various structures (NGO, State); and finally, street girls represented by young girls aged 8 to 20 years who are increasingly present in the street space. This last category represents a true emergency given the violence experienced in the street and the difficulty of social reintegration. According to the author, the factors that promote resorting to the street are inherent mainly to the low socioeconomic and educational background of the parents, the absence of psycho-affective dimensions, preschool education, the quality of basic education, and child labor. Confronted with this disquieting phenomenon, solutions have been proposed to get around it, specifically, definitive social reintegration via intake centers. As BAYTT is the only Moroccan NGO enabling this reinsertion, it represents a bridge between the street and permanent social reintegration. One alternative strategy has also been proposed, based on a national action plan targeting adequate social management of children in difficulty by means of preventive, corrective, and legislative components guaranteeing a status to these children. French Abstract: Ce document fait état du phénomène des enfants des rues au Maroc. Après avoir décrit la rue du point de vue espace et habitation, l’auteur tente d’identifier les enfants en situation de rue et cite les raisons pour lesquelles ces enfants ont choisi la rue comme alternative a leur mode de vie antérieur. Il est signalé que ces enfants forment des groupes homogènes ayant chacun sa spécificité et ses attentes précises selon les sites semi fermés qu’ils ont choisi pour y vivre. Ce choix de lieu leur offre des possibilités économiques non formelles et leur assure une protection et un repère. Trois principales catégories des enfants de la rue sont décrites, à savoir les irréductibles rue représentant 10% des jeunes rue, les alternants rue qui oscillent entre la rue, la maison et les divers structures (ONG, Etat) et enfin les filles des rues représentées par des jeunes filles âgées de 8 à 20 ans qui investissent de plus en plus l’espace rue. Cette dernière catégorie représente une réelle urgence du fait du violent vécu dans la rue et de la difficulté de la réinsertion sociale. Selon l’auteur, les facteurs favorisant le recours à la rue sont inhérents surtout au bas niveau socioéconomique et éducatif des parents, à l’absence de dimensions psyco-affective, à l’éducation préscolaire, à la qualité de l’enseignement fondamental et au travail des enfants. Devant ce phénomène inquiétant, des solutions sont proposées en vue de l’éviter, il s’agit de la réintégration sociale définitive à travers des centres d’accueil. BAYTT étant la seule ONG marocaine permettant cette réinsertion ; elle représente un pont entre la rue et la réintégration sociale définitive. Une stratégie alternative est également proposée, elle repose sur un plan d’action national visant une prise en charge sociale adéquate de l’enfance en difficulté à travers des volets préventifs, curatifs et législatifs garantissant un statut à ces enfants. Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | STREET KIDS | POPULATION AT RISK | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | LIFE STYLE | RISK FACTORS | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL PROTECTION | SOCIAL WELFARE | POVERTY | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Behavior | Biology | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Organizations Document Number: 183035

24.    Title: HIV / AIDS and child labour in Zambia. A rapid assessment on the case of the Lusaka, Copperbelt and Eastern provinces. Author: Mushingeh AC; Mkandawire A; Nkula M; Chinkupula R; Kalomo R Source: Geneva, Switzerland, International Labour Office [ILO], International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour [IPEC], 2002 Aug. xi, 35 p. (Paper No. 5) Abstract: This rapid assessment examined correlations between the HIV/AIDS pandemic and child labour in Zambia. The report aims at: assessing the extent to which HIV/AIDS has had an impact on child labour, both directly and indirectly; analysing the impact of HIV/AIDS-related child labour on the welfare of children in terms of their health, education, etc; assessing gender issues related to HIV/AIDS, as well as analysing the coping or survival strategies of girls and boys, including AIDS orphans; assessing the child labourers' awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS; and generating data that could assist policy and intervention strategies on behalf of child labourers. This research was conducted in three provinces: Copperbelt, Eastern, and Lusaka. The sample included 306 child labourers: 211 boys and 95 girls in the five to 16-year age group. The study applied a triangulatory approach involving: 15 focus group discussions (FGDs) five groups per study area, each involving ten participants; 34 in-depth interviews (13 on the Copperbelt, 11 in the Eastern Province, and ten in Lusaka); and a questionnaire survey of 122 children (41 each for the Copperbelt and Eastern Provinces, and 40 for Lusaka). The relatively small study sample was sufficient for a rapid assessment which, as a qualitative study, seeks to provide insight into the respondents' lives. Even children involved in prostitution were interviewed in the places they frequented. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | FOCUS GROUPS | CHILD | STREET KIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | SEX WORKERS | HIV INFECTIONS | CHILD LABOR | CHILD HEALTH | CHILD ABUSE | POVERTY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Health | Crime | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Factors | Family and Household Document Number: 187537

25. Title: [Guidelines for achievement. Bringing prevention to the people] Lineamientos para el alcance. Llevar la prevención a la gente. Source: Acción en SIDA. 1993 Oct-Dec;(21):2-3. Abstract: Outreach programs seek to reduce HIV risk between people who are not reached by the existing health or information services. HIV prevention activities are brought directly to the people where they are, instead of doing it through a school, a clinic or the workplace. By developing relationships face-to-face over a certain time period - for at least a year - those who work on outreach projects learn about people's needs and priorities. This way, the best ways to develop information and appropriate materials, improve skills and self esteem and increase access to services can be found. Non-governmental organizations and local government health and social services have developed successful projects. A successful outreach program: is an effective means of reaching people who lack access to services, including sex workers and their clients, IV drug users, young women, men who have sex with men and street children; is inexpensive and appropriate in situations with scarce resources; can reinforce the efficiency of other activities (see diagram on page 3); takes time - a few isolated meetings or events will have very few results; implies not pressuring people to change their behavior (stop using drugs, or sex work, for example). (excerpt) Spanish Abstract: Los proyectos de alcance buscan reducir el riesgo del VIH entre las personas a quienes no llegan los servicios existentes de salud o la información. Las actividades de prevención del VIH se llevan directamente a las personas donde éstas se encuentran, en vez de hacerlo a través de una escuela, una clínica o el lugar de trabajo. Al desarrollar relaciones cara a cara durante un tiempo determinado - cuando menos durante un año - quienes trabajan en los proyectos de alcance aprenden acerca de las necesidades y las prioridades de la gente. De este modo pueden encontrar las mejores maneras para desarrollar información y materiales apropiados, mejorar las habilidades y la autoestima e incrementar el acceso a los servicios. Las organizaciones no gubernamentales y los servicios sociales y de salud de gobiernos locales han desarrollado proyectos exitosos. Un programa de alcance exitoso: es un medio efectivo para llegar a la gente que carece de acceso a servicios, incluyendo a trabajadores sexuales y sus clientes, usuarios de drogas inyectadas, mujeres jóvenes, hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y niños de la calle; es barato y apropiado en situaciones con escasez de recursos; puede reforzar la eficacia de otras actividades (ver diagrama en página 3); toma tiempo - unas cuantas reuniones o eventos aislados tendrán muy pocos resultados; implica no presionar a las personas para que cambien su comportamiento (dejar de usar drogas, o trabajo sexual, por ejemplo). (extracto) Language: Spanish Keywords: IV DRUG USERS | SEX WORKERS | HOMOSEXUALS | STREET KIDS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | COST EFFECTIVENESS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sex Behavior | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Communication | Education | Organizations | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 184449

26. Title: The social distribution of reports of health-related concerns among adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil. [Distribución social de los informes de dudas relacionadas con la salud entre los adolescentes de San Pablo, Brasil] Author: de Moura SL Source: Health Education Research: Theory and Practice.. 2004 Apr;19(2):175-184. Abstract: This study investigated the health-related concerns of adolescents living on streets as compared to poor and privileged adolescents living with their families in Saƒo Paulo, Brazil. The different groups of respondents were similar in terms of individuals' fear of disease and lack of concern about health in old age. AIDS and cancer were feared by most of the respondents in the different groups, particularly because of their severity and people's vulnerability to these conditions. Health in old age was not a major concern in any of the study groups. It is suggested that health educators take into account the wide range of concerns among adolescents on the streets in order to design interventions that cater for different levels of interest and motivation. It is also argued that there is a need for health education in order to clarify misperceptions about disease transmission, prevention and treatment among adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. (author's) Spanish Abstract: Este estudio investigó las dudas relacionadas con la salud de los adolescentes que viven en las calles en comparación con los adolescentes carenciados y los privilegiados que viven con sus familias en San Pablo, Brasil. Los diferentes grupos de entrevistados fueron similares en términos de los temores individuales acerca de la enfermedad y la falta de preocupación acerca de la salud en la edad madura. La mayoría de los encuestados en los diferentes grupos temía al SIDA y al cáncer, en especial debido a su gravedad y a la vulnerabilidad de las personas frente a ambas patologías. La salud en la edad avanzada no resultó una preocupación importante para ninguno de los grupos de estudio. Se sugiere que los educadores de salud deben considerar el amplio rango de inquietudes entre los adolescentes de las calles para diseñar intervenciones que satisfagan los diferentes niveles de interés y motivación. Además se afirma que la educación sanitaria es necesaria para poder clarificar los errores conceptuales acerca de la transmisión, la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades entre los adolescentes de diversos orígenes socioeconómicos. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | STREET KIDS | HEALTH | RISK BEHAVIOR | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | FEAR | KNOWLEDGE | DISEASES | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Behavior | Economic Factors | Emotions | Psychological Factors Document Number: 191346

27.    Title: Experiences of sexual coercion among street boys in Bangalore, India. Author: Ramakrishna J; Karott M; Murthy RS Source: In: Towards adulthood: exploring the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in South Asia, edited by Sarah Bott, Shireen Jejeebhoy, Iqbal Shah, Chander Puri. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization [WHO], Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 2003. :95-98. Abstract: BOSCO, a nongovernmental organization, has worked with street children in Bangalore since 1980. An estimated 85 000–100 000 street children live in Bangalore alone. After a study for developing a drug prevention programme found that more than 50% of children with a drug habit also practised unsafe sex, BOSCO carried out a study to examine high-risk sexual behaviour among street children in Bangalore. The research did not specifically aim to study coercive sexual behaviours, but this emerged as a dominant theme during data analysis. The study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Using social mapping, free listing, pile sorting and rating, researchers gathered information on boys’ perceptions of sexual behaviour and coercion. They conducted in-depth interviews with children and key informants. In addition to qualitative data, researchers gathered quantitative information from 121 boys on socio-demographic profiles, family history, sleeping arrangements, alcohol/drug use and sexual activity. Study participants came from four of seven areas where BOSCO has outreach programmes. All members of the research team had more than five years experience working with street children, and their rapport with respondents was essential to the success of the study. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STREET KIDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | RAPE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | POWER | SEXUAL ABUSE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Political Factors Document Number: 191688

28. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence and correlates of chlamydia infection in Canadian street youth. Author: Shields SA; Wong T; Mann J; Jolly AM; Haase D Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2004 May;34(5):384-390. Abstract: The purpose was to determine the prevalence and correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis in Canadian street youth. Methods: A cross-sectional study of street youth between the ages of 15–24 years was conducted over a 9-month period in seven large urban centers across Canada. Youth were recruited through “drop-in” centers, outreach work, and mobile vans in each city. Information was collected through a nurse-administered questionnaire. Youth were asked to provide urine to test for chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction. Separate logistic regression models were run for males and females controlling for age. The prevalence rate of chlamydia was 8.6% in 1355 youth (95% CI = (7.1%, 10.1%)). Higher prevalence rates were found in females than in males (10.9% vs. 7.3%, respectively) and in Aboriginal youth than non-Aboriginal youth (13.7% vs. 6.6%, respectively). Four variables were associated with increased risk of chlamydia infection in females: Aboriginal status; self-perceived risk; having no permanent home; and having been in foster care. One predictor of chlamydia for males was having had a social worker. A high prevalence of chlamydia was found in this vulnerable population in comparison other Canadian youth. Having been in foster care and having had a social worker were found to have a strong association with chlamydia. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | CHLAMYDIA | PREVALENCE | RISK BEHAVIOR | GENDER ISSUES | FOSTERING | SOCIAL WELFARE | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Measurement | Behavior | Child Rearing | Economic Factors Document Number: 192441

29. Peer Reviewed Title: Attachment style, childhood adversity, and behavioral risk among young men who have sex with men. Author: Gwadz MV; Clatts MC; Leonard NR; Goldsamt L Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2004 May;34(5):402-413. Abstract: The purpose was to examine relationships among childhood adversity, attachment style (one’s core beliefs regarding the self and others), and the following risk behaviors and contexts among young men who have sex with men (YMSM): homelessness, daily substance use, participation in sex work, involvement in the criminal justice system, and being out of school or work. Using a targeted sampling approach, we recruited 569 YMSM aged 17–28 years from natural venues in New York City including bars, clubs, parks, and bus stations. Youth completed a structured interview assessing lifetime and current risk and protective contexts and behavior. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods, including hierarchical logistic regression. After controlling for demographic characteristics and childhood adversity, YMSM with a fearful attachment style were more likely to have been homeless (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.65–5.18), to have participated in sex work (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.44 –3.85), to use substances daily (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.29–6.03), to have been involved in the criminal justice system (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.38 –3.01), and to be out of school/work (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.47– 4.15). Three subgroups were particularly vulnerable: YMSM who identified as heterosexual, or bisexual, and/or transgender. A fearful attachment style contributes to some YMSM remaining outside of the protective systems of family, school, and work, and is associated with risky contexts where they are less likely to encounter prosocial peers and adults. Further, it is associated with risk behavior. Although gay-identified youth are generally found to have poor outcomes when compared with the general population of adolescents, in the present report, YMSM who identified as heterosexual were at particular risk. Attachment theory can guide interventions by informing how individuals experience relationships and manage developmental transitions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | CHILD ABUSE | RISK BEHAVIOR | HOMELESS PERSONS | HOMOSEXUALS | BISEXUALS | SEX WORKERS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | FOSTERING | STREET KIDS | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sex Behavior | Child Rearing | Biology Document Number: 192443

30. Title: Risk factors of substance use among street children from Delhi. Author: Pagare D; Meena GS; Singh MM; Saha R Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2004 Mar 17;41(3):221-225. Abstract: Objective: To estimate the magnitude of and socio-demographic factors related to substance use among street children in Delhi. Design: Observational study. Methods: 115 male street children aged 6 to 16 years were interviewed at the time of their admission to an observation home. Results: More than half (57.4%) of the subjects had indulged in substance use before coming to the observation home. The agents consumed were nicotine (44.5%), inhalants (24.3%), alcohol (21.8%) and cannabis (26.4%). On application of multiple logistic regression, maltreatment of the child by family members was found significant predictor of substance use in the study group. Conclusion: Substance use in street children is associated with unstable homes and maltreatment. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STREET KIDS | RISK FACTORS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SUBSTANCE ADDICTION | TOBACCO USE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | CHILD ABUSE | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Social Problems | Crime | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 194171

	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300    Fax: 410-659-6266    Security & Privacy Policy

---