Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 132 records

Your search found 132 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Title: Traveling child-sex offenders in South East Asia: a regional review.
Author: Child Wise
Source: South Melbourne, Australia, Child Wise, 2009 Mar. 39 p.
Abstract: This is the third edition of this compendium of information about the sexual exploitation of children in tourism destinations throughout South East Asia. The report provides a regional overview of child sex tourism in South East Asia along with national reports from all 10 countries in the region. It also provides an update on the successful ASEAN Regional Education Campaign and a brief summary of the key findings from a situational analysis of hotline reporting numbers in the region.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | TRAVELERS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | CRIME | SEXUAL ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Asia | Developing Countries | Behavior | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Diseases
Document Number: 342036

Subscription may be needed for full text

Peer Reviewed

Title: Street life and drug risk behaviors associated with exchanging sex among male street children in Lahore, Pakistan.
Author: Towe VL; Hasan Su; Zafar ST; Sherman SG
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Mar;44(3):222-228.
Abstract: Background: Throughout the developing world, children living on urban streets is a byproduct of economic deprivation. In Lahore, Pakistan, there are an estimated 5,000-7,000 street children. Purpose: The study examined HIV risk behaviors and factors associated with exchanging sex among male street children in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: The survey was conducted from August 2003 to March 2004 among 565 registrants, ages 5-19, of Project Smile, a program that aimed to enhance the lives of street children in Lahore. We analyzed the frequency of and correlates of recent (past 3 months) sex exchange for money, drugs, or goods. Multivariate log-binomial regression was used to evaluate the independent effect of covariates on exchange sex. Results: Approximately 40% of participants reported having exchanged sex during the past 3 months. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with exchanging sex were living on the street for longer than 48 months (Prevalence Ratio [PR]=1.36, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.99-1.85), reporting ever having used drugs (PR=1.87, 1.10-3.16), cutting one's self (PR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.26-2.19), and having heard of HIV/AIDS (PR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.03-1.80) after adjusting for demographic and street life variables. Conclusions: We found high rates of sex exchange among a sample of street children in Lahore, Pakistan. The finding that children who have heard about HIV/AIDS are more likely to exchange sex suggests that children at HIV risk talk about HIV, but accuracy of their conversations is unclear. Street children in Pakistan are in great need of HIV education and safe alternatives for generating income.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | STREET KIDS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | TRANSACTIONAL SEX | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Biology
Document Number: 330166

5.
Title: Knowledge of HIV, sexual behavior and correlates of risky sex among street children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Author: Kayembe PK; Mapatano MA; Fatuma AB; Nyandwe JK; Mayala GM; Kokolomami JI; Kibungu JP
Source: East African Journal of Public Health. 2008 Dec;5(3):186-92.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Homeless children are at risk of getting many diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STI). The number of street children is on the rise in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), while very little is known about their health problems. OBJECTIVES: To determine knowledge of HIV (transmission and prevention means), sexual activity, exposure to HIV-prevention services, and to identify correlates of risky sexual behaviour (not having used a condom at first or last sexual encounter and/or having multiple sexual partners over a 12-month period) among street children in Kinshasa. RESULTS: At the time of the survey, most participants (85.8%, 95% CI = 83.5-88.1) were sexually experienced and 55.8% had their first sexual intercourse when they were already living on the streets. The median age at first sexual activity was 14.3 years for males and 13.5 years for females. Compared to males (median number of sexual partners = 1), females tended to be more involved with multiple sexual partners (median = 12). Condoms were used less at the fist sexual encounter (20.2%; 95% CI = 17.3-23.1) and the pattern of condom use depended on the type of sexual partners (61.1% at last sexual encounter with a paid/paying partner and 23.1% at last sexual encounter with a non-paid/non-paying partner). In males, sleeping in a NGO-provided night shelter (OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.27-0.79), and having had the first sexual intercourse while living on the streets (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.35-0.88) were protective of risky sexual behaviour, while a history of drug use (OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.46-6.18), and being aged 20 to 24 years (OR = 1.59; 95% 1.00-2.55) increased the likelihood of displaying risky sexual behaviour. In females, not knowing where to get a condom (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.005-0.29), having started sexual activity when living on the streets (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.01-0.73) and not having an income-generating activity (OR = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.01-0.44) were protective of risky sexual behaviour. CONCLUSION: Street children need to be regarded as a high-risk group for acquiring HIV. The potential benefit of providing homeless youth with night-shelters should be explored more since this could be an opportunity to integrate risk-reduction programmes that take into account all problematic behaviors such as risky sexual behaviour and drug use.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STREET KIDS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | KNOWLEDGE | CONDOM USE | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HOUSING | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sexual Partners | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors
Document Number: 331263

6.
Title: The life and death of a street boy in East Africa: everyday violence in the time of AIDS.
Author: Lockhart C
Source: Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 2008 Mar;22(1):94-115.
Abstract: This article focuses on the life history of a single street boy in northwestern Tanzania, whom I name Juma. I suggest that Juma's experiences and the life trajectory of himself and of significant individuals around him (particularly his mother) were structured by everyday violence. I describe everyday violence in terms of a conjuncture between macrostructural forces in East Africa (including a history of failed development schemes and the contemporary political economy of neoliberalism) and the lived experience of individuals as they negotiate local, contextual factors (including land-tenure practices, the power dynamics between immediate and extended kin, life on the streets, and constructions of gender and sexuality). I suggest that AIDS and its many impacts on Juma's life course can only be understood in a broader context of everyday violence. From this basis, I draw several general conclusions regarding AIDS prevention and intervention strategies.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STREET KIDS | CHILDREN | AIDS | VIOLENCE | CAUSES OF DEATH | Developing Countries | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Mortality | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 328983

Title: 2008 National Youth Shadow Report: Progress Made on the 2001 UNGASS Declaration of Commitment on HIV / AIDS. Jamaica.
Author: Townsend DA; Ford V
Source: New York, New York, Global Youth Action Network, Global Youth Coalition on HIV / AIDS, 2008. 13 p.
Abstract: Information gathering for this report primarily relied on secondary sources in an effort to encapsulate the existing work on HIV/AIDS service delivery. Among the methods used were reviews of official documents and published statistics; public ministry papers and documents; case studies; publications from the UN agencies such as UNAIDS, UNFPA and UNICEF. As well, we conducted interviews with Country Representatives from UNAIDS, as well as other representative of UNFPA and a senior official from the Ministry of Health. Key findings and recommendations: 1) In conjunction with young advocates, the Jamaican government should immediately develop and implement a National HIV Policy for Youth; 2) Leaders in both the public and private sector must be sensitized on issues of HIV prevention and treatment, and serve as advocates for evidence-based prevention and treatment for young people; 3) Jamaica must collect data on young people disaggregated by age and gender in order to fully understand the trends and behaviors that fuel youth vulnerability to HIV infection and to know where to best allocate resources; 4) Age-specific interventions that include life skills-based education- including HIV prevention, and sexual and reproductive health information must be incorporated into the national educational system; 5) Age-specific HIV media campaigns aimed at increasing young people's knowledge of the disease and reducing stigma should be implemented; 6) The lack of Youth- Friendly Services for young populations is a significant barrier to effective prevention and treatment; must be scaled up to ensure young people receive treatment for STIs, Voluntary Counseling and Testing, counseling on safe sex behaviors, and so on; 7) There is a heightened need for gender-sensitive and inclusive policies and programmes that target issues of sexual violence through behavior change communication; 8) Vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ individuals, IDUs and sex workers must be engaged in the collective response to HIV/AIDS; 9) Jamaica must create meaningful leadership and capacity building opportunities for young leaders who are part of the AIDS response to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of interventions targeting youth; and 10) Policies and programmes need to create a safer, more supportive environment for young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) that addresses their needs and respects their rights to lead full and healthy lives free from violence or discrimination. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | SEX WORKERS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV PREVENTION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | CRIME | NEEDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | INFORMATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Economic Factors | Education | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 326132

Peer Reviewed

Title: Escaping violence, seeking freedom: Why children in Bangladesh migrate to the street.
Author: Conticini A; Hulme D
Source: Development and Change. 2007 Mar;38(2):201-227.
Abstract: In Bangladesh, as in many developing countries, there is a widespread belief amongst the public, policymakers and social workers that children 'abandon' their families and migrate to the street because of economic poverty. Ignoring and avoiding mounting evidence to the contrary, this dominant narrative posits that children whose basic material needs cannot be met within the household move to the street. This article explores this narrative through the analysis of detailed empirical research with children in Bangladesh. It finds that social factors lie behind most street migration and, in particular, that moves to the street are closely associated with violence towards and abuse of children within the household and local community. These findings are consistent with the wider literature on street migration from other countries. In Bangladesh, those who seek to reduce the flow of children to the streets need to focus on social policy, especially on how to reduce the excessive control and emotional, physical and sexual violence that occur in some households. Economic growth and reductions in income poverty will be helpful, but they will not be sufficient to reduce street migration by children. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | STREET KIDS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | CHILDREN | VIOLENCE | CHILD ABUSE | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | SOCIAL POLICY | POVERTY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Behavior | Crime | Policy | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 315612

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV seroprevalence in street youth, St Petersburg, Russia.
Author: Kissin DM; Zapata L; Yorick R; Vinogradova EN; Volkova
Source: AIDS. 2007 Nov;21(17):2333-2340.
Abstract: Reliable data on HIV infection among Russian street youth are unavailable. The purpose of this study was to assess HIV seroprevalence among street youth in St Petersburg and to describe social, sexual, and behavioral characteristics associated with HIV infection. A cross-sectional assessment conducted during January-May 2006 included city-wide mapping of 41 street youth locations, random selection of 22 sites, rapid HIV testing for all consenting 15-19-year-old male and female street youth at these sites, and an interviewer-administered survey. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using logistic regression, accounting for intracluster homogeneity. Of 313 participants, 117 (37.4%, 95% confidence interval 26.1-50.2%) were HIV infected. Subgroups with the highest seroprevalences included double orphans (64.3%), those with no place to live (68.1%), those previously diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI; 70.5%), those currently sharing needles (86.4%), and those currently using inhalants (60.5%) or injection drugs (78.6%), including Stadol (82.3%) or heroin (78.1%). Characteristics independently associated with HIV infection included injecting drugs (AOR 23.0), sharing needles (AOR 13.3), being a double or single orphan (AOR 3.3 and 1.8), having no place to live (AOR 2.4), and being diagnosed with a STI (AOR 2.1). Most HIV-infected street youth were sexually active (96.6%), had multiple partners (65.0%), and used condoms inconsistently (80.3%). Street youth aged 15-19 years in St Petersburg, Russia, have an extraordinarily high HIV seroprevalence. In street youth who are injection drug users, HIV seroprevalence is the highest ever reported for eastern Europe and is among the highest in the world. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | DATA ANALYSIS | RELIABILITY | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | HIV | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | IV DRUG USERS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | HIV TESTING | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Measurement | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Sexual Partners | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 321683

10.

Title: How effective are street youth peer educators? Lessons learned from an HIV / AIDS prevention programme in urban Uganda.
Author: Mitchell K; Nyakake M; Oling J
Source: Health Education. 2007;107(4):364-376.
Abstract: This paper explores "lessons learned" resulting from a process evaluation of a peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention programme targeting street children and youth in urban Uganda. The purpose was to explore aspects of implementation that either enhanced or hindered the effectiveness of the peer educator (PE) role. The process data derive from three reviews conducted throughout the project lifespan. The reviews engaged participatory evaluation methods such as focus groups (four) and workshops (three), as well as drawing on monitoring data such as activity evaluations. The street youth in this project made effective peer educators. We suggest that letting the target group choose their peers and focusing on street youth undergoing rehabilitation engendered ownership of PEs by the target group and accountability among PEs themselves. The role was highly coveted and the PEs became powerful role models. The most useful work of the PEs lay in helping their peers to leave the risky environment of the streets, hence reducing their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. By defining the role broadly and situating peer education activities within a broader strategy of capacity building and advocacy, we were able to remain sensitive to the context in which street youth make "choices" about their sexual behaviour. This paper contributes significantly to our understanding of the effective implementation of the PE method in this setting. It will be particularly helpful to practitioners in the design stage of similar peer-led programmes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | URBAN AREAS | EVALUATION REPORT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | STREET KIDS | PEER EDUCATORS | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | IMPLEMENTATION | ADVOCACY | CAPACITY BUILDING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Education | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication | Program Sustainability
Document Number: 313630

11.

Title: Changing social and HIV / AIDS risk behaviours: Effects of life skills education among urban street youths.
Author: Olley BO
Source: Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies. 2007 Apr;2(1):80-86.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a life skills education intervention among male and female youth in Ibadan, Nigeria, on knowledge about prevention and safe sexual practices, sexual roles and responsibilities, HIV/AIDS, money management, assertiveness and communication through follow-up interviews four weeks and eight weeks following the intervention. The participants were 98 males and females, and part of an initial survey of social and health problems of street youths in Ibadan, Nigeria. They were locality-separated, with consecutive assignments to two groups of experimental (n = 54, exposure to a manual driven life skills education) and control (n = 44, nonexposure to life skills education, but attention given) participants, and evaluated subsequently at four weeks and then at eight-week follow-ups. At the four-week post-intervention assessment, the experimental group showed significantly increased scores in the knowledge of antisocial behaviour prevention (p less than 0.01), about HIV/AIDS (p less than 0.001), about safe sexual practices (p less than 0.001), about social roles and responsibilities and about assertiveness and communication (p less than 0.01). At eight-week follow-up assessment, substantial significant reductions in reported antisocial and unsafe sexual behaviours were observed across the experimental group compared with the control group. The results suggest that street youths can be empowered through life skills education but with limitation to safe sexual practices over a sustained period of time in Nigeria. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | URBAN AREAS | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | AIDS | RISK BEHAVIOR | BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIAL CHANGE | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Education
Document Number: 326519

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Housing stability over two years and HIV risk among newly homeless youth.
Author: Rosenthal D; Rotheram-Borus MJ; Batterham P; Mallett S; Rice E
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2007 Nov;11(6):831-841.
Abstract: The stability of living situation was examined as a predictor of young people's HIV-related sexual and drug use acts two years after leaving home for the first time. Newly homeless youth aged 12-20 years were recruited in Los Angeles County, California, U.S.A. (n = 261) and Melbourne, Australia (n = 165) and followed longitudinally at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Their family history of moves and the type and frequency of moves over the two years following becoming newly homeless were examined. Regression analyses indicated that recent sexual risk two years after becoming newly homeless was not related to the instability of youths' living situations; condom use was higher among youth with more placements in institutional settings and among males. Drug use was significantly related to having moved more often over two years and Melbourne youth used drugs significantly more than youth in Los Angeles. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STREET KIDS | HOMELESS PERSONS | FAMILY LIFE | CONDOM USE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK FACTORS | Oceania | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Biology
Document Number: 321803

13.

Title: The orphan gap.
Author: Sowell RL
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2007 Jan-Feb;18(1):73-74.
Abstract: The overall theme of AIDS 2006 in Toronto, Canada, was "Time to Deliver." However, as you attended sessions and heard the statistics, research presentations, and collective stories of the pandemic, it seemed a more appropriate title might have been, "Why Have We Not Delivered?" The number of high-profile individuals addressing the conference was impressive. There was some straight talk from former President Clinton, who participated in the conference for several days. Bill and Melinda Gates' financial commitment to addressing HIV/AIDS was a welcome signal that at least some world leaders are aware of this growing disaster. But mixed among the high-profile scientists, public figures, and politicians, the more common participant in this pandemic was symbolized by the "grandmothers' march" held in conjunction with the conference. These grandmothers are women who have raised their own families to adulthood but now find themselves in their later life having to take the responsibility for raising another generation of children, their grandchildren, because their children have died from AIDS. As you watched these older women march through the streets of Toronto, you could not help becoming aware of two realities. First, these women marching in Toronto represented potentially hundreds of thousands of women throughout the world who struggle to survive and now have to worry about caring for their grandchildren. The vast majority of the women caring for AIDS orphans could not afford to come to Toronto. Second, the children who have grandmothers to care for them are the lucky ones. A growing number of AIDS orphans have no one. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | GRANDPARENTS | STREET KIDS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | EDUCATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | STIGMA | FOSTERING | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Organizations | Political Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Child Rearing | Behavior
Document Number: 312894

14.

Title: Peer relationships: A comparison of homeless youth in the USA and South Korea.
Author: Thompson SJ; Kim J; McManus H; Flynn P; Kim H
Source: International Social Work. 2007;50(6):783-795.
Abstract: Youth homelessness is a growing global concern: both developed and developing countries are experiencing an increase in this phenomenon. Earlier research reveals that homelessness among youth has become disturbingly common in the USA, as well as in many other countries around the world. Studies of youth homelessness in Canada and Guatemala, the UK, Israel and the Netherlands and the USA indicate that pathways to and experiences of homelessness are strikingly similar across cultures. These youths have been shown to engage in similar strategies for meeting basic needs and to experience similar problems; drugs and alcohol abuse, poor physical health, victimization and societal alienation. Homeless youths are identified as those who spend extended periods of time without permanent or stable residences, often with little family contact. Youths who become immersed in 'street' culture comprise a homeless youth population highly susceptible to peer affiliation and acceptance. Emotionally distressed and unsupervised, homeless youths often seek supportive others and may quickly invest in new, but harmful, relationships in an attempt to be accepted and reduce feelings of isolation. Relationships with other street youths quickly become the primary source of social support. However, negative influences occur as these youths tend to affiliate with peers who are engaged in a myriad of deviant survival strategies, often leading to illegal activities. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
REPUBLIC OF KOREA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | YOUTH | HOMELESS PERSONS | STREET KIDS | EMOTIONS | STRESS | RISK FACTORS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | SOCIAL NETWORKS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | NEEDS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Biology | Health | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 322444

15.

Title: Life on streets.
Author: Tiwari P
Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2007 Mar;74(3):283-286.
Abstract: Millions of children leave home in hope of finding a more tolerable life. The study tries to find out the kind of life they lead once out on the streets. Cross-sectional study of all street boys admitted to a Child Observation Home in New Delhi during specified 6 months. Questions regarding various aspects of survival on streets were asked. Majority are forced to work in informal sector for survival with earnings well below the minimum wages. To escape from the exploitation and hardships, many begin abusing substances. The street experience leads to hopelessness for the future and suicidal tendencies. After circumstances at home force these kids to escape, they are caught up in yet another world of exploitation, hunger, violence and abuse. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STREET KIDS | CHILD, MALE | CHILD LABOR | VIOLENCE | CHILD ABUSE | MALNUTRITION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases
Document Number: 315936

16.

Title: Swept away. Street children illegally detained in Kigali, Rwanda.
Author: Human Rights Watch
Source: New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 May. 13 p. (Human Rights Watch No. 2) Also available in French.
Abstract: The authorities of Kigali, the capital of Rwanda, work hard to present the city in the best possible light, knowing that many international visitors see little beyond the city limits. As part of this effort, in 1997 the authorities began to regularly sweep the city to clear streets and public spaces of what they regard as undesirable persons, such as street children, beggars, street vendors and sex workers. In the early years street children were sent to reception centers far from the capital, but for at least the last year children have been held at an unofficial detention center located in a neighborhood of Kigali called Gikondo. Although only a short distance from the luxury hotels that cater to international visitors, the center, like the children and other persons it confines, is not seen by foreign guests. Held at the Gikondo center in overcrowded buildings, the hundreds of detainees suffer from lack of adequate food, water, and medical care. Children are subject to abuse from adults detained in the same buildings. Police officers claimed that detainees should spend no more than three days at the center, but some, including children, have been held there for weeks or months. One thirteen-year-old boy died there on April 16, 2006, suffering from severe malnutrition; on the same day a young woman detainee, also reportedly malnourished, suffered a miscarriage and was hospitalized. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
RWANDA | CRITIQUE | STREET KIDS | PRISONERS | POLICE | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | PRISONS | LEGISLATION | CHILD ABUSE | HUMAN RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations
Document Number: 305499

17.

Title: [Swept away. Street children illegally detained in Kigali, Rwanda] Balay�s loin des regards. Enfants de la rue d�tenus ill�galement � Kigali, Rwanda.
Author: Human Rights Watch
Source: New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 May. 13 p. (Human Rights Watch No. 2)
Abstract: The authorities of Kigali, the capital of Rwanda, work hard to present the city in the best possible light, knowing that many international visitors see little beyond the city limits. As part of this effort, in 1997 the authorities began to regularly sweep the city to clear streets and public spaces of what they regard as undesirable persons, such as street children, beggars, street vendors and sex workers. In the early years street children were sent to reception centers far from the capital, but for at least the last year children have been held at an unofficial detention center located in a neighborhood of Kigali called Gikondo. Although only a short distance from the luxury hotels that cater to international visitors, the center, like the children and other persons it confines, is not seen by foreign guests. Held at the Gikondo center in overcrowded buildings, the hundreds of detainees suffer from lack of adequate food, water, and medical care. Children are subject to abuse from adults detained in the same buildings. Police officers claimed that detainees should spend no more than three days at the center, but some, including children, have been held there for weeks or months. One thirteen-year-old boy died there on April 16, 2006, suffering from severe malnutrition; on the same day a young woman detainee, also reportedly malnourished, suffered a miscarriage and was hospitalized. (excerpt)
French Abstract: Les autorit�s de Kigali, la capitale du Rwanda, ne s'�pargnent aucun effort pour pr�senter la ville sous son plus beau jour, sachant que le regard de beaucoup de visiteurs �trangers ne se porte gu�re au-del� des limites de la ville. C'est ainsi qu'en 1997, les autorit�s ont commenc� � nettoyer r�guli�rement les rues et les espaces publics de la ville de ce qu'elles consid�rent �tre des �tres ind�sirables, � savoir les enfants de la rue, les mendiants, les vendeurs de rue et les travailleurs du sexe. Les premi�res ann�es, les enfants de la rue �taient envoy�s dans des centres d'accueil loin de la capitale mais depuis un an au moins, ils sont intern�s dans un centre de d�tention non officiel situ� dans un quartier de Kigali appel� Gikondo. Bien que se trouvant � proximit� des h�tels de grand standing qui pourvoient aux besoins des visiteurs internationaux, le centre, � l'image des enfants et des autres personnes qui y sont enferm�s, est � l'abri du regard des h�tes �trangers. Incarc�r�s au centre de Gikondo dans des b�timents surpeupl�s, les centaines de d�tenus souffrent d'un manque d'eau, de nourriture et de soins m�dicaux. Les enfants subissent des violences inflig�es par les adultes d�tenus dans les m�mes b�timents. Les policiers ont pr�tendu que les d�tenus n'�taient pas cens�s passer plus de trois jours au centre mais certains, dont des enfants, s'y trouvent depuis des semaines, voire des mois. Un gar�on de treize ans y est d�c�d� le 16 avril 2006, victime de s�v�re malnutrition; le m�me jour, une jeune d�tenue, qui aurait �galement �t� sous-aliment�e, a fait une fausse couche et a �t� hospitalis�e. (excerpt)
Language: French
Keywords:
RWANDA | CRITIQUE | STREET KIDS | PRISONERS | POLICE | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | PRISONS | LEGISLATION | CHILD ABUSE | HUMAN RIGHTS | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Organizations
Document Number: 308105

18.

Title: What future? Street children in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Author: Human Rights Watch
Source: New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2006 Apr. 72 p. (Human Rights Watch Vol. 18, No. 2(A)) Also available in French.
Abstract: Tens of thousands of children living on the streets of Kinshasa and other cities of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) suffer extreme hardship and exposure to daily violence. Turned out of their homes and without family care and support, they are victims of physical, sexual and emotional abuse. With no secure access to food, shelter, or other basic needs, they are exploited by adults, including law enforcement personnel, who use them for illegal activities to the detriment of their health and welfare and in violation of their basic human rights. The government of the DRC has failed to meet its obligations to protect these children from abuses committed by its own police and military forces and by private actors. Of particular concern is the deliberate and opportunistic recruitment of street children to participate in political demonstrations with the intention of provoking public disorder, events in which dozens of street children have been killed or wounded. During the upcoming national elections tentatively scheduled for June 18, 2006, the government must protect street children from political manipulation. The government in power after the 2006 elections must begin to comprehensively address the many other abuses committed against street children. This report is based on interviews with more than fifty street children----children who might not necessarily be without families, but who live without meaningful protection, supervision, or direction from responsible adults. Although many children spend some time in the streets, the term "street child" is used here to refer to children for whom the street, more than any family, residence or institution, has become their real home. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | STREET KIDS | POLICE | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CHILD ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | POLITICAL FACTORS | STANDARDS | FOLKLORE | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Corrections Officers | Government | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems | Culture
Document Number: 304139

19.

20.

Title: UNICEF annual report 2005, covering 1 January 2005 through 31 December 2005.
Author: UNICEF
Source: New York, New York, UNICEF, 2006 Jun. 39 p.
Abstract: This is important to keep in mind while reflecting on the achievements and challenges of 2005, a year focused on assessing progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). By many yardsticks, the prognosis is grim. Only 125 countries were on track to achieve the 2005 target of gender parity in education, a necessary step towards establishing universal primary education by 2015. The State of the World's Children 2006: Excluded and Invisible, published by UNICEF in late 2005, illuminated the plight of the children who have largely been left outside of progress. Another UNICEF report, A call to action: Children, the missing face of AIDS, revealed the heavy toll HIV/AIDS is taking on children, and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) year-end update showed more people than ever infected and affected, a millstone around progress achieved in other areas. The UN Millennium Project reports on all the Goals, prepared for the UN Secretary-General in 2005, showed that much more has to be done before the world is truly on track to fulfill the aims of the Millennium Declaration and meet the Goals. There are no magic bullets for achieving sustainable gains. But there are newfound commitments to partnership, positive trends and real results in various places, and programmes that can and must be replicated. There is creative thinking all around, in small villages and world capitals and many places in between. There are technological innovations at the ready. There are reforms at the United Nations, an increase in aid levels and momentum in the aid process, leading to more effective work towards common development goals. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | INDIA | ASIA, SOUTHERN | ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN | PAKISTAN | MIDDLE EAST | SUMMARY REPORT | RURAL POPULATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | STREET KIDS | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | VOLUNTEERS AND VOLUNTARISM | NATURAL DISASTERS | SOCIAL PROTECTION | FUNDS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | EXPENDITURES | Developing Countries | Asia | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Organization and Administration | Environment | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 311216

21.
Title: Meeting the sexual health needs of young people living on the street.
Author: Chase E; Aggleton P
Source: In: Promoting young people's sexual health: international perspectives, edited by Roger Ingham and Peter Aggleton. London, England, Routledge, 2006. :81-97. (Sexuality, Culture and Health)
Abstract: In this chapter, the situations faced by children and young people on the street are discussed alongside the risks to their sexual health. The available literature concerning the sexual health of street-living young people is described alongside findings from some recently conducted research among street-living young people in Zimbabwe. As such, the chapter explores how factors identified in the broader literature intersect and affect real lives. While recognising that living on the street presents profound and indisputable challenges to young people's sexual health and wider well-being, the chapter discusses the importance of approaches to sexual health promotion that are both meaningful and contextualised within young people's life circumstances. It discusses. the inadequacies of viewing street living young people solely through a lens that focuses on their passivity, victimisation and their need for protection. Such an approach risks both misrepresenting the challenges that these young people face and undermining their collective capacity to define their own responses. Rather, we argue that programme responses which strike a balance between acknowledging street-living young people's vulnerability and enabling them to take greater control over factors affecting their sexual health are more likely to have a positive impact on their well-being. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | NEEDS | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | PROMOTION | SAFER SEX | RISK FACTORS | QUALITY OF LIFE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | COUNSELING | PROGRAM DESIGN | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Adolescents | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health | Behavior | Marketing | Biology | Social Welfare | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 308864

22.

Title: Human trafficking in Lebanon.
Author: Huda S
Source: Forced Migration Review. 2006 May;(25):36.
Abstract: Lebanon has a significant problem of trafficking in persons that particularly affects foreign women recruited as domestic workers and foreign women in the sex industry. The trafficking of Lebanese and foreign children into street begging and sexual exploitation is a quantitatively smaller but no less serious problem. Large numbers of migrant women come to Lebanon to serve as domestic workers in private households. NGOs estimate that there are between 120,000 and 200,000 domestic migrant workers in a country of only four million people. Sri Lankan women are the largest group, followed by Filipinas and Ethiopians. The government fails to exercise due diligence in protecting them from exploitation and abuse: The authorities confiscate passports on arrival and hand them to employers who retain them to control their 'investment' of $1,000-2,000 for the agency charge and the airfare; Without passports, women are liable to arrest, criminal conviction as an undocumented migrant and deportation; Women generally sign a contract prior to departure for Lebanon but on arrival find themselves forced to sign another contract for a significantly lower salary; only this contract has legal validity in Lebanon even though it was concluded in a situation characterised by deception and duress; Domestic workers are not allowed to change employers during their stay. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RECOMMENDATIONS | WOMEN | DOMESTIC WORKERS | SEX WORKERS | STREET KIDS | HUMAN TRAFFICKING | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | UN | SOCIAL PROTECTION | LEGISLATION | Middle East | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | International Agencies | Organizations
Document Number: 314271

23.

Title: Trading sex: voluntary or coerced? The experiences of homeless youth.
Author: Tyler KA; Johnson KA
Source: Journal of Sex Research. 2006 Aug;43(3):208-216.
Abstract: This study examined the circumstances surrounding a homeless youth's "decision" to trade sex for food, money, shelter, or drugs. Forty homeless youth in 4 Midwestern states participated in individual, in-depth qualitative interviews. Interviewers recruited youth through both service agencies and street outreach. The findings revealed that approximately one third of the sample had some experience with trading sex, whether it was in the form of having traded sex, having been propositioned to trade sex but having refused, or having friends or acquaintances that had traded sex. Young people's reports indicated that they had traded sex for things they deemed necessary in order to survive (i.e., food, shelter, money, or drugs) and that they did not want to trade sex, but did so because they were desperate and lacked alternatives. Additionally, others were coerced, manipulated, or forced to do so, indicating that the decision to trade sex is not always voluntary. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of cumulative effects on youths' later development. Directions for future research among this population are also discussed. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEBRASKA | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | SEX WORKERS | DECISION MAKING | QUALITY OF LIFE | FOOD SUPPLY | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Behavior | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 314287

24.
Title: Food insecurity among homeless and runaway adolescents.
Author: Whitbeck LB; Chen X; Johnson KD
Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2006 Feb;9(1):47-52.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and factors related to it among homeless and runaway adolescents. Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with homeless and runaway adolescents directly on the streets and in shelters. Interviews were conducted in eight Midwest cities: Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, Iowa City, Kansas City, Lincoln, Omaha, St. Louis and Wichita. The subjects were 428 (187 males; 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16-19 years. Average age of the adolescents was 17.4 (standard deviation 1.05) years. About one-third of the adolescents had experienced food insecurity in the past 30 days. Factors associated with food insecurity were age of adolescent, a history of caretaker neglect and abuse, having ever spent time directly on the street, a small post-runaway social network, and engaging in deviant and non-deviant street food-acquisition strategies. Based on these findings, our conservative estimate is that nationally more than 165 000 homeless and runaway adolescents experienced food insecurity in the past 30 days. These adolescents are largely hidden from public notice and they are usually missed in studies that address national hunger. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | NUTRITION SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | HOMELESS PERSONS | STREET KIDS | FOOD SUPPLY | AGE FACTORS | CHILD ABUSE | SOCIAL NETWORKS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Nutrition | Health | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household
Document Number: 297447

25.
Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviors of street children in Takoradi, Ghana.
Author: Wutoh AK; Kumoji EK; Xue Z; Campusano G; Wutoh RD
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2006 Mar;10(2):209-215.
Abstract: A pilot survey was conducted among 100 street children aged 11-19 years and data collected regarding HIV knowledge, risk behaviors, home and sexual experiences, and factors that contributed to their relocation to the street environment. Data indicated that 80% of the street children had at least minimal knowledge of HIV and 54% perceived themselves to be at risk for contracting HIV. More than three-fourths of the females, and over half of the boys reported ever having sex. There were significant differences between males and females for sexual activity, physical and sexual abuse, and prostitution, as girls were more likely to be sexually active, physically abused, and involved in prostitution. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STREET KIDS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX FACTORS | PHYSICAL ABUSE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Violence
Document Number: 298475

26.

Title: Provision of youth friendly services to hard to reach young people: story of Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL).
Author: African Youth Alliance; Pathfinder International
Source: [Watertown, Massachusetts], Pathfinder International, [2005]. [28] p.
Abstract: UYDEL is a non-governmental organization whose mission is to empower disadvantaged youth with the skills needed to live happy and meaningful lives and to contribute to and become better citizens of Uganda. Under the 3-year Health Matters for Vulnerable Children project, UYDEL aimed to reduce HIV/STI transmission, sexual exploitation, and incidence of unwanted pregnancies among street children and Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) between the ages of 12 and 24 by increasing their access to high-quality youth friendly services. UYDEL provided services through five youth friendly drop-in centers, 17 mobile clinic outreach posts, and through Peer Service Providers (PSPs) in five divisions of Kampala District: Rubaga, Central, Makindye, Nakawa and Kawempe. Youth received family planning, Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) services, treatment of STIs, and counseling and guidance services. Because many of the target group are ineligible for health care benefits, unfamiliar with youth-friendly services and programmes and are unable to easily obtain information, UYDEL also established a strong referral system for legal aid, counseling, health care and other social support services in the five divisions of operation. In April-June 2004, Pathfinder undertook the initiative of documenting UYDEL's experiences to highlight best practices and lessons learned for stakeholders throughout Uganda and globally. This document summarizes interviews held with individuals and groups and highlights personal experiences and views of the target group from a human-interest angle. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | SEX WORKERS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | COUNSELING | HIV TESTING | YOUTH PROGRAMS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change
Document Number: 308257

27.

Title: Reaching vulnerable youth: providing SRH services to street kids in Guatemala and Bolivia.
Author: International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF]. Western Hemisphere Region [WHR]
Source: New York, New York, IPPF, WHR, 2005 Jan. [2] p. (IPPF / WHR Spotlight on Youth) Also available in Spanish.
Abstract: Extreme poverty, discrimination, and lack of familial support often force young people to spend their lives on the streets of urban centers in developing countries, working in the informal sector--begging, selling trinkets, shining shoes, or resorting to petty theft and prostitution--and struggling to survive. These vulnerable youth face high rates of police beatings, sexual assault, alcoholism, substance abuse (especially glue sniffing), and gang involvement, often resulting in a high number of unintended pregnancies, clandestine abortions, sexually transmitted infections, especially gonorrhea, herpes and HIV/AIDS. Traditionally, mainstream public health organizations and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service providers have not been successful in reaching the very poor and marginalized. Few materials have been developed that target street kids and little is known about their service needs, or even their numbers. Local organizations do not have the infrastructure to provide services and determine their costs, and most SRH service providers have not been sensitized to the needs of street youth. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GUATEMALA | BOLIVIA | SUMMARY REPORT | STREET KIDS | PEER EDUCATORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | YOUTH PROGRAMS | IPPF | GOALS | EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES | PROGRAM EVALUATION | CONDOM USE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | South America, Central | South America | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Education | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 304810

28.

Title: Interventions to modify sexual risk behaviors for preventing HIV infection in street children and young people in developed countries (Protocol).
Author: Dutt D; Pandey GK; Nair NS; Subramanyam M; Nagaraj K
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005;(4):[9] p.. ID: CD005484
Abstract: This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate and summarize the effectiveness of interventions for changing sexual risk behavior, and consequently prevent transmission of HIV/ AIDS, among street children and young people (less than 25 years) associated with the streets, in the developed countries. In the mid-1980s, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized as a global crisis. Currently, about 37.8 million people (range 34.6-42.3) are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2003, an estimated 4.8 million people (range: 4.2-6.3 million) became newly infected with HIV (UNAIDS 2004) As the HIV/AIDS pandemic enters its third decade, HIV continues to spread rapidly. Although the impact of AIDS has been most severe in sub-Saharan Africa, the disease has transformed the lives of children and youth all over the world. Every day an average of between 6,000 and 7,000 young people become infected with HIV, accounting for more than half of all new HIV infections. At present 11.8 million young people are living with HIV/AIDS, and teens and young adults between the ages of 15 and 24 represent almost a third of the 40 million people living with the infection (UNAIDS 2002). (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | STREET KIDS | INTERVENTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Behavior | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 307787

29.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Street youths are the only high-risk group for HIV in a low-prevalence South American country. [Los j�venes de la calle constituyen el �nico grupo de alto riesgo de VIH en un pa�s sudamericano de baja prevalencia]
Author: Lambert ML; Torrico F; Billot C; Mazina D; Marleen B
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2005 Apr;32(4):240-242.
Abstract: The objectives were to measure HIV prevalence in various subpopulations in Bolivia. In 2002 in Cochabamba, we offered voluntary counseling and testing to homeless street youths, registered and unregistered commercial sex workers, truck drivers, and prisoners. We examined surveillance data of pregnant women and blood donors. Among street youths over 15, overall HIV prevalence was 3.5% (11/313), higher among those recruited in the street, lower among those recruited in centers for homeless; prevalence was 0.6% (2/334) and 0.5% (1/189) in female registered and nonregistered sex workers, respectively, and below 0.3% in all other groups. All HIV cases were attributed to sexual transmission. In a low-prevalence setting where intravenous drug use is uncommon, street youths are a threat for the expansion of the HIV epidemic. We argue that HIV prevention in this population requires a comprehensive approach to their health and social problems. (author's)
Spanish Abstract: Los objetivos fueron medir la prevalencia del VIH en varias subpoblaciones de Bolivia. En 2002 en Cochabamba, se ofreci� asesoramiento y ex�menes voluntarios a los j�venes de la calle sin hogar, a las prostitutas inscriptas y no inscriptas, los camioneros y los prisioneros. Se analizaron los datos de vigilancia de embarazadas y donantes de sangre. Entre los j�venes de m�s de 15 a�os, la prevalencia general del VIH fue del 3,5% (11/313), mayor en los reclutados en la calle, menor en los reclutados en centros para los sin hogar; la prevalencia fue del 0,6% (2/334) y del 0,5% (1/189) en prostitutas inscriptas y no inscriptas, respectivamente, e inferior al 0,3% en los dem�s grupos. Todos los casos de VIH se atribuyeron a transmisi�n sexual. En un entorno de prevalencia baja donde no es frecuente el uso de drogas intravenosas, los j�venes de al calle constituyen una amenaza para la diseminaci�n de la epidemia de VIH. Se sostiene que la prevenci�n del VIH en esta poblaci�n requiere un enfoque integral a su salud y problemas sociales. (del autor)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POPULATION AT RISK | STREET KIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | COUNSELING | HIV TESTING | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | Developing Countries | Latin America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 286479