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Title: Laboratory logistics handbook: A guide to designing and managing laboratory logistics systems.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jun. 83 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00)
Abstract: The importance of quality laboratory services is indisputable. The expansion of programs for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, and malaria requires strong and supportive laboratory services. For antiretroviral therapy (ART) in particular, there has been a growing recognition of this importance, given the number of laboratory tests required to effectively diagnose and monitor AIDS treatment. The need to improve laboratory services for all of these disease programs provides an opportunity to strengthen laboratories in health systems overall so they can accommodate the needs of the communities they serve. This document describes the function and organization of laboratory services and the commodities needed for laboratory services, and it discusses supply chain considerations for management of laboratory commodities.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | MANUAL | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INGREDIENTS AND CHEMICALS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | HEALTH POLICY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Research Methodology | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331659

Title: The logistics handbook: A practical guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health programs.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2009 Jul. 182 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Oringinally published in 2004.
Abstract: The Logistics Handbook includes the major aspects of logistics management with an emphasis on contraceptive supplies. The text should be helpful to managers who work with supplies every day as well as managers who assess and design logistics systems for entire programs. Policymakers may find the text useful in exploring the inputs needed to create an effective logistics system. Key terms and concepts are clearly defined and explained, and the design and implementation of management information systems and inventory control are discussed in detail. Storage and quality control practices are also discussed, and overviews of forecasting and procurement processes are included.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | DRUGS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | RECORDS | QUALITY CONTROL | MONITORING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | IMPLEMENTATION | PLANNING | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Contraception | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 331681

Title: Malawi. Laboratory services and supply chain assessment.
Author: Butao D; Felling B; Msipa P
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Feb. [95] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00)
Abstract: In January and February 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1, conducted an assessment of laboratory services and the management of the supply chain for laboratory commodities and equipment in government and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) health facilities in Malawi. The assessment�s overall objective was to provide the MOH with information on the current status of laboratory services and the supporting supply chain that could be used to develop the Five-Year Strategic Laboratory Plan. During the assessment, a quantitative baseline was established on which to measure future improvements to laboratory services and the supporting supply chain. This report presents the methodology and findings of the assessment, as well as recommendations to improve the supply chain to support laboratory services in Malawi.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAWI | EVALUATION REPORT | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | USAID | LABORATORY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUALITY CONTROL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331662

Title: Transporting, storing, and handling malaria rapid diagnostic tests in health clinics.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for the Western Pacific; John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics [FIND]; Roll Back Malaria Partnership; United States. President's Malaria Initiative
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2009 Jul. [35] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-03-06-00007-00)
Abstract: The publication is intended for staff at health clinics that use malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). It describes the basic principles for management and storage of RDT stock, and it outlines practical solutions for protecting RDTs against high temperatures during storage and transport. It also describes how to manage waste generated from RDT use.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HEALTH FACILITIES | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | TESTING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | WASTE MANAGEMENT | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | TRANSPORTATION | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Management | Environment | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331477

Title: A strong supply chain responds to increased demand for contraceptives in Rwanda.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. 4 p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1)
Abstract: Contraceptive security is achieved when individuals have the ability to choose, obtain, and use quality contraceptives whenever they need them. The success story, "A Strong Supply Chain Responds to Increased Demand for Contraceptives in Rwanda," highlights how, during the last 10 years, the many changes made by the Rwandan Ministry of Health and its partners (including the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT) led to an increased demand for family planning at the local level. As a result, Rwanda made impressive gains in its contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR)-a sevenfold increase in the use of modern methods-from 4 percent in 2000, post-conflict, to 27 percent in 2008.
Language: English
Keywords:
RWANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs
Document Number: 329564

Title: Measuring family planning logistics system performance in developing countries: Working paper.
Author: Karim AM; Bieze B; Chimnani J
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2008 May. 21 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00)
Abstract: Availability of commodities at service delivery points (SDPs) is essential for successful public health programs. The purpose of the family planning logistics system is to maintain availability of contraceptives at the SDPs. DELIVER, a worldwide public health supply chain improvement initiative, uses the logistics system assessment tool (LSAT) to measure and monitor the performance of contraceptive supply chains in developing countries. This study describes the LSAT and assesses its reliability and validity. The LSAT uses a battery of items to score the performance of 11 aspects of logistics systems through in-depth interviews with program managers and policymakers. The weighted sum of the items is used to construct performance indices for each of the 11 aspects of the supply chain. Reliability and validity analyses of the LSAT scores from 12 countries indicate that 7 of the 11 aspects of the logistics systems are efficiently measuring the family planning supply chain performance. The LSAT Index, constructed from the scores of the seven aspects of the supply chain, predicts contraceptive availability at the SDPs very well, indicating that the higher score of the index is associated with a better-performing family planning supply chain. Therefore, the LSAT is a reliable and valid tool for monitoring and evaluating family planning supply chain performance.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | MEASUREMENT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | LOGISTICS | USAID | MONITORING | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | RELIABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Contraception | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Program Activities | Programs | Contraceptive Usage
Document Number: 331674

10.

Title: Water stories: Expanding opportunities in small-scale water and sanitation projects. Report from the Navigating Peace Initiative of the Environmental Change and Security Program.
Author: Parker M; Williams A; Youngblood C; Weisshaar R
Source: Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Environmental Change and Security Program, [2008]. [94] p.
Abstract: The link between clean water and proper sanitation has been widely acknowledged at both the national and international level. The provision of fresh water is vital to meeting basic human needs and should be at the heart of any sustainable development initiative. Unfortunately, efforts to provide these basic services in the developing world are blocked by large funding gaps and often mired in debates over governance, privatization, and large infrastructure projects. However, small-scale and community-based solutions-the focus of this publication-can help bridge these gaps and move beyond the debates. The Woodrow Wilson Center's Navigating Peace Initiative, funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, brings together experts and practitioners to reframe stale debates and generate fresh thinking on critical water problems. The papers collected here seek to shed light on the challenges of improving access to safe water and sanitation, as well as the possibilities afforded by innovation and cooperation. The initiative thus hopes to contribute to the ongoing discussion by examining alternatives to large-scale infrastructure projects in the water and sanitation sectors, including NGO and community-based water and sanitation efforts, and exploring how lessons learned from small-scale projects can be effectively communicated worldwide. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | WATER SUPPLY | SANITATION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | COST EFFECTIVENESS | ADVOCACY | HEALTH POLICY | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Natural Resources | Environment | Public Health | Health | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Communication | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 325693

11.

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Targeting appropriate interventions to minimize deterioration of drinking-water quality in developing countries.
Author: Trevett AF; Carter RC
Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2008 Jun;26(2):125-138.
Abstract: In developing countries, it has been observed that drinking-water frequently becomes recontaminated following its collection and during storage in the home. This paper proposes a semi-quantified 'disease risk index' (DRI) designed to identify communities or households that are 'most at risk' from consuming recontaminated drinking-water. A brief review of appropriate physical and educational intervention measures is presented, and their effective use is discussed. It is concluded that incorporating a simple appraisal tool, such as the proposed DRI, into a community water-supply programme would be useful in shaping the overall strategy requiring only a minimum of organizational learning. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | EVALUATION INDEXES | HOUSEHOLDS | WATER SUPPLY | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | WATER | RISK ASSESSMENT | INFECTION TRANSMISSION | HEALTH EDUCATION | INTERVENTIONS | DIARRHEA | HYGIENE | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Health | Organization and Administration | Infections | Diseases | Education | Programs | Public Health
Document Number: 327780

13.

14.

Title: Integrating community-based distribution of DMPA into existing health systems.
Author: Uganda. Ministry of Health; Family Health International [FHI]
Source: Kampala, Uganda, Ministry of Health, 2007 Jan. [2] p. (Brief No. 4)
Abstract: A review of family planning programs and their service delivery methods in 14 developing countries reported that, overall, social marketing programs cost the least per client per year, followed by clinic services, CBD services alone, and clinic services combined with CBD services. The ranking was different for some countries. Costs per client depend on local conditions, the maturity of programs, and volume of sales. Overall, CBD programs can be more expensive than clinic-based programs; however, CBD programs can serve the contraceptive needs of many underserved women, especially rural women who find it difficult to access clinic-based services. Introducing DMPA to a new or existing CBD program may raise program costs for several reasons. CBD workers and their supervisors will need training. CBD workers will require technical and practical training on counseling, injection techniques, and keeping records. Supervisors will need to know how to manage the logistics of ensuring DMPA supplies and how tomaximize the quality of DMPA provision. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | MANUAL | DEPO-PROVERA | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | EXPENDITURES | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | LOGISTICS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Training Programs | Education | Management | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 316340

15.

Title: Two-year operational plan for procurement, storage and distribution of antimalarial medicines (January 2007 - December 2008).
Author: Uganda. Ministry of Health
Source: Kampala, Uganda, National Malaria Control Programme, 2007 Mar. 42 p. (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADJ514.pdf)
Abstract: Uganda's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) is currently working to implement a new treatment policy for malaria as part of its strategy to roll back malaria. This change involves the use of an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, in line with World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations. The recommendation to change the treatment policy was made on May 17, 2004, by the Malaria Case Management Technical Working Group (MCMTWG) of the Inter-Agency Coordination Committee for Malaria (ICCM). Subsequently, the Ministry of Health (MoH) accepted the recommendations of the MCMTWG and initiated the process of implementing the policy change. To facilitate this implementation, the NMCP has developed detailed malaria standard treatment guidelines. The current recommended ACT is artemether-lumefantrine, or artesunate plus amodiaquine as an alternative first-line treatment, which replaces the combination therapy of SP plus chloroquine (SP+CQ). (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | PARASITE CONTROL | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | MONITORING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | MANAGEMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Public Health | Health | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Programs | Social Planning | Economic Factors | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 324251

16.

Title: Sierra Leone: Supply chain assessment for ARV drugs and HIV test kits. National HIV / AIDS Secretariat / Ministry of Health and Sanitation.
Author: Allers C; O'Hearn T; Kagone M
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER Project, 2007 Apr. [185] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-00-06-00007-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADJ-841)
Abstract: In April 2007, the National HIV/AIDS Secretariat (NAS) with technical assistance from the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT funded by USAID | West Africa, conducted an assessment of the supply chains for managing ARV drugs and HIV test kits in support of the national response to HIV/AIDS in Sierra Leone. This report presents the assessment findings and the short- and medium-term recommendations for addressing the supply chain issues and challenges identified and for improving overall supply chain management of ARV drugs and HIV test kits for the national HIV/AIDS program. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SIERRA LEONE | TECHNICAL REPORT | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | EVALUATION | DATA COLLECTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HIV TESTING | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | QUALITY CONTROL | POLICY | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 321114

17.

Title: Technical assistance to strengthen the medical supply system for HAART and DOTS-Plus programs in Peru: final consultancy report.
Author: Cruzado R; Falistocco C; Mizuaray A; Quesada C; Schneider R
Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus, 2007 Mar. [24] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00016-00USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-1-00-05-00032-00)
Abstract: In April 2006, a mission from the Global Fund, as a condition for the disbursement of funds for the purchase of health products (for both HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant TB [MDR-TB]), imposed the requirement that programming and management of stocks of the products financed by the Global Fund be substantially improved no later than October 2006, for purposes of dealing with deficiencies that had been identified by the mission. To comply with this requirement, an ad hoc committee-composed of representatives of the Multisectoral National Health Coordinator (CONAMUSA, the country's coordinating mechanism); the two National Health Strategies (for HIV/AIDS and TB); the General Directorate for Medicines, Supplies and Drugs (DIGEMID); and CARE Peru (Principal Recipient)-identified as the principal bottlenecks the existence of an excessive number of ARV treatment schemes and the serious difficulties in the acquisition process for medicines for both HIV/AIDS and MDR-TB. CONAMUSA requested technical assistance from the U.S. Agency for International Development to be able to confront the problems mentioned with the support of experts and to secure proposals for optimizing the purchases of ARV and anti-tuberculosis medicines, selecting ARVs and, in general, strengthening the supply system as a whole. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
PERU | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | AIDS PREVENTION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | TUBERCULOSIS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | ANTIBIOTICS | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Organization and Administration | HIV | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Programs | Infections | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Program Activities | Drugs | Treatment
Document Number: 324253

18.

Title: Surveillance of cold chain system during intensified pulse polio programme - 2006 in Chandigarh.
Author: Galhotra A; Goel NK; Pathak R; Kumar R
Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;74(8):751-753.
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the maintenance of cold chain system in the Intensive Pulse Polio Immunization (IPPI) campaign in the Union Territory, Chandigarh. A cross sectional study was conducted in 18 designated vaccine sub-depots, where OPV vials were stored prior to IPPI and 25 IPPI booths out of the designated 406 IPPI booths in U.T, Chandigarh. The booths were selected by stratified random sampling technique. 25 Vaccine vials, one from each booth were selected and sent for potency testing at Central Research Institute (CRI) - Kasauli. All the randomly selected vaccine samples were reported portent, as per the reports provided by CRI - Kasauli .Cold chain maintenance and temperature charting was found satisfactory. There are some avoidable errors which leaves room for improvement, which can be in the form of provision of adequate number of exhaust fan, voltage stabilizers, etc. Uninterrupted power supply should be ensured. Lastly, more emphasis is to be given on maintenance of cold chain system in reorientation training program of all health functionaries. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | POLIO | IMMUNIZATION | VACCINES | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | MONITORING | EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 320128

19.

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Acceptability of PRO2000 Vaginal Gel among HIV un-infected Women in Pune, India.
Author: Joglekar N; Joshi S; Kakde M; Fang G; Cianciola M
Source: AIDS Care. 2007 Jul;19(6):817-821.
Abstract: Acceptability of PRO2000 Gel, a candidate vaginal microbicide, among participants of its Phase I safety study in Pune, India is reported here. Forty-two eligible women were enrolled in a study requiring twice daily intra-vaginal product use for 14 consecutive days between menses. Acceptability was assessed at study exit through structured questionnaires among 41 participants who completed the product use, and five focus group discussions involving 31 study participants. The participants generally liked the product (40/41, 97.2%), especially its colour (40, 97.2%) and consistency (35, 85.3%). Thirty-four participants reported sexual intercourse within one hour of product use, at least once during the study period and sexual pleasure was reported to be better or unaffected among (30, 88.2%) participants. Nearly 70% did not like its smell and mentioned preference for a product that would be unnoticeable to the male partner. Participating women were concerned about privacy in usage and storage of the product. Acceptability of PRO2000 vaginal gel was good, but its smell will have to be improved. Counselling to address women's concerns about privacy and storage will be crucial. Women's preference for unnoticeable product indicates their empowerment and willingness to accept female-controlled options for HIV prevention. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL TRIALS | FOCUS GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | VAGINAL GEL | MICROBICIDES | HIV PREVENTION | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SATISFACTION | PRIVACY | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Data Collection | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Behavior | Vaginal Spermicides | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Decision Making | Psychological Factors | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 317617

20.
Title: Assessment of quality assurance in HIV testing in health facilities in Lake Victoria zone, Tanzania.
Author: Mashauri FM; Siza JE; Temu MM; Mngara JT; Kishamawe C
Source: Tanzania Health Research Bulletin. 2007 May;9(2):110-114.
Abstract: Tanzania is currently implementing the antiretroviral treatment programme, and has a target of putting about 400,000 eligible HIV infected individuals on treatment by 2008. This will involve screening a large number of people, which will require non-laboratory personnel to be involved in doing HIV testing. In order to guarantee reliable and quality HIV test results, there is a need to ensure that quality assurance (QA) procedures are followed from specimen collection, testing and reporting of results. In light of the above a survey was conducted to assess QA in HIV testing in health facilities in Lake Victoria zone, Tanzania. A total of 89 health facilities (29 hospitals, 34 health centres, 9 dispensaries and 17 voluntary and counselling testing centres) were surveyed. Only three (10.3%) health facilities reported performing Uniform II ELISA for HIV diagnosis. All other health facilities reported to be using HIV rapid tests Capillus and Determine. Five (5.6%) of health facility laboratories performed CD4 counts. Internal quality control (IQC) were performed in 21 (63.6%) of the hospitals. Kits for HIV testing were reported to be readily available by 54 (60.7%) of the facilities. Only 16 (18%) of the health facilities had standard operating procedures in place. Systems of equipment calibration were reported by 13 (14.6%) of the health facilities. Counselling services were available in all health facilities and all counsellors had received the 6-week mandatory training course. These findings show that most of health facilities in the Lake Victoria zone do not adhere to QA procedures in HIV testing. There is therefore, a need to establish a monitoring system to laboratories performing HIV testing for the purpose of ensuring QA procedures are done. Personnel doing HIV testing should be re-trained at a regular basis to cope with new techniques and ensure QA procedures are followed. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | EVALUATION REPORT | HIV TESTING | HEALTH FACILITIES | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | QUALITY CONTROL | PROCEDURES | STANDARDS | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUNSELING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Training Programs | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs
Document Number: 320314

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Decreased condom breakage and slippage rates after counseling men at a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Jamaica.
Author: Steiner MJ; Taylor D; Hylton-Kong T; Mehta N; Figueroa JP; Bourne D; Hobbs M; Behets F
Source: Contraception. 2007 Apr;75(4):289-293.
Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate condom failure (breakage and slippage) rates before and those during a trial that provided instructions on correct condom use. Our analysis was based on 314 men who presented with urethral discharge at Jamaica's largest sexually transmitted infection clinic and were enrolled into our 6-month trial. Participants reported breaking 18.5% (95% confidence interval = 12.8-24.1%) of their condoms during the 7 days prior to the screening visit and having 3.5% (95% confidence interval = 1.2-5.7%) of their condoms slip off completely. After the condom counseling provided during the screening visit, breakage rates decreased (p < .05) and remained below 10% throughout the trial. During in-depth interviews, the men who reported frequent condom failures cited (1) improper storage/exposure to heat, (2) improper handling while putting on condoms and (3) use of lubricants/improper lubricants as the possible reasons for their high failure rates. Although the rates of reported condom breakage and slippage decreased significantly after counseling, we need to improve the quality of condom counseling to further reduce failure rates. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
JAMAICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN | COUNSELORS | CONDOM FAILURE | COUNSELING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | LUBRICANTS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Condoms | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Ingredients and Chemicals
Document Number: 308435

22.

Title: RPM Plus support to the President�s Malaria Initiative assessment in Ghana, January 28 � February 11, 2007: Trip report.
Author: Tetteh G
Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus, 2007. 14 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00016-00)
Abstract: Ghana is one of the high malaria burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa that has been selected in the third round of beneficiary countries by the United States Government President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) which seeks to "dramatically reduce malaria as a major killer of children in sub-Saharan Africa". The overall five-year $1.2 billion initiative is targeted towards the rapid scale up in 16 African countries of malaria prevention and treatment interventions such as promotion of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), prompt and effective case management of malaria and intermittent preventive treatment. The goal is to reduce malaria-related mortality by 50% after three years of program implementation in targeted countries. It is expected that this malaria mortality reduction will be achieved if each selected country can reach 85% coverage of the most vulnerable groups with proven and effective interventions. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | PROGRESS REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | MALARIA PREVENTION | USAID | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | PARASITE CONTROL | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Social Planning | Economic Factors | Public Health | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Program Activities
Document Number: 324252

23.

Title: Contraceptive fact sheets.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow, Inc. [JSI], DELIVER, 2006 Feb. 20 p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Also available in French and Spanish.
Abstract: Recommended Storage Conditions: Store away from extreme heat (over 40�C, 104�F); protect from moisture and direct sunlight/fluorescent (tube) light. Do not expose to direct sunlight or fluorescent (tube) light. Do not store for prolonged periods at high temperatures or close to a hot radiator, motor, or other source of heat or ozone; follow manufacturer's recommendations. Products may be marked with either date of manufacture or date of expiration. Expiration date is not a reliable indication of quality as it is based on ideal storage conditions. Expiration date on spermicidally lubricated condoms refers to the spermicide, not the latex condom. Condoms supplied by USAID and UNFPA are not spermicidally lubricated spermicidally lubricated condoms are available from IPPF, upon request. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | USAID | CONDOM USE | QUALITY CONTROL | CONDOM FAILURE | PRIVATE SECTOR | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Condoms | Barrier Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Management | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 306089

24.

Title: Contraceptive security index 2006: a tool for priority setting and planning.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER; Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2006 Dec. 13 p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00)
Abstract: Safeguarding contraceptive security requires cooperation between the public and private sectors to ensure a supportive policy environment, appropriate forecasting and procurement of commodities, efficient supply chains, well-trained providers, effective service delivery systems, an accepting social environment, and adequate financing. To plan effective interventions to reach this goal, policymakers, program managers, and international donor agencies need to know if and how their programs are progressing toward contraceptive security. This wall chart presents a set of indicators that can be used to measure a country's level of contraceptive security and to monitor global progress toward reaching this goal, over time. The indicators are aggregated to establish a composite index. The index was first calculated and presented in 2003; this edition presents an update of those findings.
Language: English
Keywords:
EGYPT | SUMMARY REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Availability | Management | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs
Document Number: 331537

25.

Title: Oral rehydration salts. Production of the new ORS.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development; UNICEF. Supply Division
Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2006. [122] p. (WHO/FCH/CAH/06.1)
Abstract: This document is updating an earlier document (WHO/CDD/SER/85.8), and provides information on the manufacture of the new ORS that, since 2003, is recommended by WHO and UNICEF. It has been prepared to assist national authorities in establishing the local manufacture of a product of pharmaceutical quality, in order that they may become self-reliant in meeting the needs of their national diarrhoeal diseases control activities. It is emphasized that the methods recommended in the document are meant to serve as guidelines, and that they need to be adapted to meet local requirements and conditions, provided they follow the principles of Good Manufacturing Practices for pharmaceutical products (WHO Technical Report Series, No 908, 2003) that can be found in the annexes of this document. Specific information on "Quality Management", "Personnel", "Validation" and "Qualification" can be found in this annex. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | CHILDREN | ORAL REHYDRATION | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | PRODUCTION | PRICING | LOGISTICS | QUALITY CONTROL | PACKAGING | SODIUM | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Drugs | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing | Management | Organization and Administration | Metals | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology
Document Number: 312462

26.

Title: Malawi DELIVER: end of project evaluation.
Author: Berger R; Teoh N; Mungai T
Source: [Washington, D.C.], Chemonics International, 2006 Sep. [40] p. (USAID Contract No. GHS-I-00-03-00025-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PD-ACI-458)
Abstract: USAID/Malawi has supported health commodity logistics for more than 20 years. From 2000 to 2006, health commodity logistical support has been conducted under the global DELIVER project, implemented by John Snow Incorporated. The DELIVER contract is coming to an end, and USAID/Malawi is assessing the project's contributions to commodity security over the past six years, the remaining gaps in support for logistics and contraceptive security, and the best way for USAID to continue its support into the future. A three-person evaluation team -- consisting of one Chemonics International full-time staff person with experience in Malawi, and two Chemonics consultants with experience in pharmacy and commodity logistics -- was dispatched to Malawi for three weeks (August 19th to September 9th). The team met with stakeholders in the capital Lilongwe, as well as in central and district hospitals (Mzuzu, Rumphi, Mzimba, Salima, Lilongwe, Mchinji, Balaka, Blantyre, Mulanje) health centers, and Christian Health Association of Malawi (CHAM) facilities in each region of the country. In each region and district, the team met with personnel from the regional medical stores, district health management team, pharmacy staff, medical assistants and nurses, and drug committee members. At the national level, the evaluation team met with stakeholders within the Ministry of Health, and with development partners. The team also met with private sector personnel from Population Services International and Banja La Matsogolo. During the period of the evaluation, there was significant upheaval within the medical stores system, with allegations of corruption among key staff and continued shortages of medical supplies across the system. As a result, many of the pharmacies visited were experiencing significant shortages of key commodities, particularly antibiotics. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAWI | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | PHARMACISTS | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | HOSPITALS | QUESTIONNAIRES | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | INFORMATION NETWORKS | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | DRUGS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Facilities | Management | Communication | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services
Document Number: 312564

27.
Title: Stability of ritonavir soft capsule formulation in patients with and without a refrigerator at home in Cote d'Ivoire [letter]
Author: Danel C; Peytavin G; Moh R; Konan R; Gabillard D
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2006 Nov;17(11):784-785.
Abstract: The World Health Organization currently recommends that first-line regimens for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in sub-Saharan Africa should combine two nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one nonnucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) whenever possible NNRTIs have been preferred to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r) for various reasons. Among them is the concern about special precautions for storage of ritonavir soft capsules at temperatures below 25�C. We followed 70 HIV-infected adults receiving a PI/r-containing HAART in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, where the annual median temperature is 29�C. We report here the data on ritonavir quantity in unused capsules that patients returned to the study centre pharmacy one month after they started HAART. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
COTE D'IVOIRE | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | AIDS PREVENTION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | USER COMPLIANCE | APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | AIDS | Organization and Administration | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Technology | Economic Factors
Document Number: 309328

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Point-of-use water treatment and diarrhoea reduction in the emergency context: an effectiveness trial in Liberia.
Author: Doocy S; Burnham G
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006 Oct;11(10):1542-1552.
Abstract: Communicable diseases are of particular concern in conflict and disaster-affected populations that reside in camp settings. In the acute emergency phase, diarrhoeal diseases have accounted for more than 40% of deaths among camp residents. Clear limitations exist in current water treatment technologies, and few products are capable of treating turbid water. We describe the findings of a 12-week effectiveness study of point-of-use water treatment with a flocculant--disinfectant among 400 households in camps for displaced populations in Monrovia, Liberia. In intervention households, point-of-use water treatment with the flocculant--disinfectant plus improved storage reduced diarrhoea incidence by 90% and prevalence by 83%, when compared with control households with improved water storage alone. Among the intervention group, residual chlorine levels met or exceeded Sphere standards in 85% (95% CI: 83.1--86.8) of observations with a 95% compliance rate. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
LIBERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | REFUGEES | HOUSEHOLDS | REFUGEE CAMPS | WATER SUPPLY | WATER QUALITY | SANITATION | DIARRHEA | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PREVALENCE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Environmental Pollution | Public Health | Health | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Water
Document Number: 307366

29.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in tropical climates: The need for a cool chain.
Author: Jorgensen P; Chanthap L; Rebueno A; Tsuyuoka R; Bell D
Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2006 May;74(5):750-754.
Abstract: Malaria control programs in endemic countries increasingly rely on early case detection and treatment at village level. The rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and accompanying drugs on which the success of these programs depends deteriorate to varying degrees at high temperatures. To assess the ability of health systems to maintain RDTs within manufacturers� specifications, we monitored temperatures in the delivery chain from manufacturer through to the village health worker in Cambodia and the Philippines. In both countries, storage temperatures regularly exceeded those recommended for most RDTs intended for field use, whereas temperatures during transport greatly exceeded the lower and upper limits. These results emphasize the need for good logistical planning during the introduction of point-of-care tests in tropical countries and the importance of considering the stability of diagnostic tests during procurement. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMBODIA | PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | CLIENTS | MALARIA | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TESTING | CLIMATE | TRANSPORTATION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | MONITORING | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology | Environment | Economic Factors | Evaluation
Document Number: 300984

30.

Title: Rwanda: Assessing the logistics management system for contraceptives. Executive summary.
Author: Ouedraogo Y; Utshudi A; Pehe N; Ndahinyuka J; Roche G
Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2006 Mar. 15 p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00)
Abstract: In 2002, Rwanda's Ministry of Health carried out a survey on the performance of the logistics system for contraceptives, with technical support from DELIVER. In 2003 and 2004, routine surveys were undertaken as a follow-up to the program to ensure the availability of contraceptives and to strengthen the contraceptive logistics management system. This 2006 assessment report identifies areas where improvements have since been achieved and suggests remedial recommendations as well as actions to improve the logistics system. Information on the performance of the logistics system, the availability of products, and the availability and quality of logistics data is also presented. The report notes that Rwanda's logistics management system for contraceptives is in place, and that it correctly fulfills expected tasks. Products are available and the system runs smoothly. Critical logistics data are sent to the central level on a regular basis, and the reporting rate has reached 100 percent. Stockouts are marginal. This report illustrates the conditions that contributed to the satisfactory results achieved by the existing contraceptive management system. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
RWANDA | CRITIQUE | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | LOGISTICS | COORDINATION | FUNDS | UNFPA | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Family Planning | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information
Document Number: 324547


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