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2. Peer Reviewed Title: Hepatitis B vaccine freezing in the Indonesian cold chain: evidence and solutions. Author: Nelson CM; Wibisono H; Purwanto H; Mansyur I; Moniaga V Source: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2004 Feb;82(2):99-105. Abstract: To document and characterize freezing temperatures in the Indonesian vaccine cold chain and to evaluate the feasibility of changes designed to reduce the occurrence of freezing. Data loggers were used to measure temperatures of shipments of hepatitis B vaccine from manufacturer to point of use. Baseline conditions and three intervention phases were monitored. During each of the intervention phases, vaccines were removed progressively from the standard 2–8 °C cold chain. Freezing temperatures were recorded in 75% of baseline shipments. The highest rates of freezing occurred during transport from province to district, storage in district-level ice-lined refrigerators, and storage in refrigerators in health centres. Interventions reduced freezing, without excessive heat exposure. Inadvertent freezing of freeze-sensitive vaccines is widespread in Indonesia. Simple strategies exist to reduce freezing — for example, selective transport and storage of vaccines at ambient temperatures. The use of vaccine vial monitors reduces the risk associated with heat-damaged vaccines in these scenarios. Policy changes that allow limited storage of freezesensitive vaccines at temperatures >2–8 °C would enable flexible vaccine distribution strategies that could reduce vaccine freezing, reduce costs, and increase capacity. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA COLLECTION | HEPATITIS | VACCINES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TRANSPORTATION | WHO | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 190498

3.    Title: Yellow fever vaccine -- reply to S. Arya [letter] Author: Monath TP; Giesberg JA; Fierros EG Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1999 May-Jun;5(3):488-489. Abstract: Dr. Arya correctly points out that there have been problems with degradation of live viral vaccines, including yellow fever vaccines, that have not been properly handled and stored at the point of use. However, in the United States and western Europe, yellow fever vaccines are stabilized and require the same storage facilities at the point of use as other vaccines routinely distributed by family physicians and pediatricians. Varicella vaccine (and even measles vaccine) is less stable than yellow fever vaccine but is distributed to all registered physicians in the United States. Since vaccines and other perishable medicines are typically shipped by overnight courier services using qualified methods that ensure maintenance of low temperature, there is no barrier to use of a similar system for yellow fever vaccine. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | VACCINES | YELLOW FEVER | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration Document Number: 273304

4.    Title: Guidelines for the storage of essential medicines and other health commodities. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER; World Health Organization [WHO] Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2003. 112 p. Abstract: Maintaining proper storage conditions for health commodities is vital to ensuring their quality. Product expiration dates are based on ideal storage conditions and protecting product quality until their expiration date is important for serving customers and conserving resources. Guidelines for the Storage of Essential Medicines and Other Health Commodities is a practical reference for those managing or involved in setting up a storeroom or warehouse. The guide contains written directions and clear illustrations on receiving and arranging commodities; special storage conditions; tracking commodities; maintaining the quality of the products; constructing and designing a medical store; waste management; and resources. It was written to meet the needs of district-level facilities; however, the guidelines and information it contains apply to any storage facility, of any size, in any type of environment. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | MANUAL | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | QUALITY CONTROL | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | DRUGS | INVENTORIES | WASTE MANAGEMENT | Treatment | Environment Document Number: 273425

5. Title: Malawi: health commodities logistics management system procedures manual. Author: Malawi. Ministry of Health and Population; John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2003 Oct. v, 98 p. Abstract: All Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) staff who manage drugs, contraceptives, and other medical supplies will use this manual. It is their job to order, issue, distribute, and store these products. This manual provides standardised operating procedures (SOPs) and guidelines for the management of health commodities in the MOHP’s integrated supply chain. Although a few products require special handling (for example, vaccines) and are managed separately, most health commodities should follow the SOPs outlined in this document. The manual will guide the MOHP staff as they perform some or all of the following activities: Determine supply needs. Order, receive, and store supplies properly. Distribute and maintain adequate supplies. Record and report accurate information about supplies and their use. Monitor logistics activities and supervise the staff who carry them out. By using these procedures to manage their supplies, health staff can ensure quality products for clients throughout the country. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | MANUAL | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | QUALITY CONTROL | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | DRUGS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Management | Treatment | Communication Document Number: 273423

6. Title: The importance of logistics in HIV / AIDS programs. Warehousing and consolidated shipping. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2004]. 2 p. Also available in Spanish. Abstract: Central warehousing plays a significant role in efficiently managing the supply chain-from manufacturer to country or program recipient. Consolidation of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, HIV test kits, and other HIV/AIDS commodities into combined shipments to each customer presents unique challenges, especially when commodities arrive from various points of manufacture within a single firm or from several firms. Yet consolidation is essential: shipping costs and the complexity of country-level importation and receiving procedures make separate shipments of individual commodities infeasible. Central warehousing at the global level allows these challenges to be addressed in a single location rather than in multiple country settings. The four basic functions performed by a warehouse are (1) receiving goods, (2) storing goods until they are needed, (3) picking and packing, and (4) shipping goods to the appropriate destination. In addition to these basic functions, customized support-such as bundling consumable supplies with test kits or syringes with injections-is frequently needed for HIV/AIDS commodities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | DRUGS | NONCLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | SYRINGE | HIV PREVENTION | Organization and Administration | Treatment | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 195182

7. Title: The importance of logistics in HIV / AIDS programs. Warehousing and distribution. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2004]. 2 p. Also available in Spanish. Abstract: A minimal investment in warehousing and distribution are essential components of a secure, reliable supply chain for HIV/AIDS commodities-can significantly and quickly improve system performance and ensure the quality of the products that flow through it. To manage HIV/AIDS commodities, warehouses and storerooms at central, regional, district, and facility levels must have sufficient space, acceptable storage conditions, proper inventory control procedures, explicit quality assurance mechanisms, and assured physical security for controlled products. A well-established distribution system that links storage facilities at different levels will ensure that products flow smoothly through the pipeline. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | HIV PREVENTION | Organization and Administration | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Treatment | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 195183

8. Title: Protecting stored contraceptive commodities from pest damage. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2003]. [2] p. Abstract: Pests, such as rodents and insects, can damage contraceptive commodities stored in a warehouse. Often people try to solve pest problems by regularly spraying pesticides inside the warehouse. Such chemical solutions are not always the best approach, for several reasons: Chemical solutions alone do not solve the cause of the pest problem, which is key to preventing recurrences. Chemical pesticides can pose risks to human health and be harmful to the environment. Chemical overuse can, over time, cause insects and rodents to become resistant to pesticides. One important aspect of dealing with pests is preventing a pest problem before it starts. Ideally, local pest management specialists, entomologists, and government agencies should be consulted about pest management in warehouses-given the wide range of pests, stored products, warehouse structures, and environmental conditions that must be considered. Following are some suggestions for developing an integrated pest management strategy, and some general guidelines for pesticide use. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MANUAL | PESTICIDES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | MANAGEMENT | CONTRACEPTION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | Ingredients and Chemicals | Organization and Administration | Family Planning Document Number: 195184

9. Title: A groundbreaking approach: the Strategic Pathway to Reproductive Health Commodity Security (SPARHCS]. Author: Davis H Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2002 Apr 18. [2] p. Abstract: A shortfall of millions of dollars of contraceptives exists in many countries across the developing world, and forecasts suggest that this issue will become more severe in the coming years. How does a developing country assess and understand its current situation and thus begin to address constraints to a continuous, reliable supply of contraceptives for all segments of its population? Equally, how can countries ensure the availability of other key reproductive health commodities, such as condoms for the prevention of HIV/AIDS? In the near future, countries will be able to use a groundbreaking new approach to ensuring commodity availability called the Strategic Pathway to Reproductive Health Commodity Security (SPARHCS). SPARHCS (pronounced "sparks") will help countries assess the status of reproductive health commodity security: develop, implement, and monitor a security strategy for selected commodities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CONTRACEPTION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | DRUGS | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | SAFETY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Family Planning | Treatment | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Public Health | Health | Program Evaluation Document Number: 195185

10. Title: Guidelines for proper storage of health commodities. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2003]. [1] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: Clean and disinfect storeroom regularly, and take precautions to discourage harmful insects and rodents from entering the storage area. Store health commodities in a dry, well-it, well-ventilated storeroom-out of direct sunlight. Protect storeroom from water penetration. Keep fire safety equipment available, accessible, and functional, and train employees to use it. Store latex products away from electric motors and fluorescent lights. Maintain cold storage, including a cold chain, as required. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MANUAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | SAFETY | Organization and Administration | Public Health | Health Document Number: 195191

11.    Title: Kenya: assessment of the health commodity supply chains and the role of KEMSA. Author: Aronovich DG; Kinzett S Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2001. [149] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: The health sector in Kenya is a complicated web of vertical health programs with parallel logistics systems that manage health commodities. To improve efficiency within the health sector, the Government of Kenya decided to transform its central and regional medical supply stores into a parastatal organization that would apply private sector management techniques to supply the public health system with the health commodities it requires. Because of the complexity of the logistics systems that serve the health sector, and following the decision to privatize the medical supply stores to streamline these systems, a comprehensive assessment of the health commodity supply chains and the potential role of the new parastatal was conducted during February–March 2001. The assessment reviews all aspects of health commodity management at the time the assessment was carried out for essential drug kits, contraceptives (including condoms for STI/HIV prevention), STI drug kits, HIV test kits, tuberculosis and leprosy drugs, and malaria prophylaxis. This report offers recommendations for the next steps in this process of increasing efficiency, although the results and the recommendations presented here are relevant to the time period of the study. It is important to note that the situation in Kenya is continuously evolving. This report summarizes the results of this study, led by consultants from John Snow, Inc./DELIVER, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, and with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | EVALUATION REPORT | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL | VACCINES | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | TUBERCULOSIS | LEPROSY | VITAMIN A | DRUGS | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | HIV TESTING | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology | Contraception | Family Planning | Infections | Diseases | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Vitamins and Minerals | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 276585

12.    Title: Overview of contraceptive and condom shipments, FY 2001. Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Global Health Source: Washington, D.C., Jorge Scientific Corporation, Population, Health and Nutrition Information Project, 2002 Sep. [31] p. Abstract: The Commodities Security and Logistics Division of USAID provides a centralized system for contraceptive and condom procurement, maintains a database on commodity assistance, and supports a program for health commodity logistics management. This report details both the quantities and the values of USAID contraceptives and condoms shipped worldwide during FY 2001 as well as shipment trends over the past 10 years. It should be noted that significant changes in contraceptive and condom shipments from one year to the next do not always represent major programmatic shifts. Often a large change appears only because of production and shipment scheduling that leads to a change in the number of shipments within one year. Therefore, the average flow of contraceptives and condoms to a particular region over a number of years provides a better picture for trend comparisons. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TECHNICAL REPORT | USAID | CONDOMS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Government Agencies | Organizations | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 276655

13.    Title: Safe injection and waste management: a reference for logistics advisors. Author: Nersesian P; Cesarz V; Cochran A; Mboyane J; Schmidt K Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2004. [138] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: Safe Injection and Waste Management: A Reference for Logistics Advisors was developed as a reference for logistics advisors as they face the challenge of designing and supporting programs to improve injection safety and injection waste management. The reader will find useful information and tools, as well as discussions of important issues, including those related to commodity security for safe injection devices (i.e., injection device security) and the development of a safe injection and waste management policy. Available in this reference guide are assessment tools for safe injection and waste management, and references to more detailed articles about specific issues related to safe injection and waste management. The information in this reference was taken from a variety of reliable sources, including the World Health Organization, peer-reviewed journals, and USAID-supported projects. It includes a table of organizations involved in safe injection work and a list of journal articles on a variety of topics related to safe injection and waste management. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | STANDARDS | LOGISTICS | WASTE MANAGEMENT | SAFETY | NEEDLE CLEANING | TREATMENT | IMMUNIZATION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | BLOOD | Research Methodology | Management | Organization and Administration | Environment | Public Health | Health | Hygiene | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 280442

14. Title: Bangladesh CDF feasibility report. Author: Semco, Sweet and Mayers Source: Irvine, California, Semco, Sweet and Mayers, 1998 Mar 4. 68 p. Abstract: This report evaluates the central supply warehouses' ability to meet the current and projected storage and material movement requirements for health and family planning materials in Bangladesh. It assesses the impact on central storage of several possible modifications to the existing network. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | EVALUATION REPORT | HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration Document Number: 171872

15. Peer Reviewed Title: Bacteriological qualities of indoor and out-door drinking water in Kibera sub-location of Nairobi, Kenya. Author: Chemuliti JK; Gathura PB; Kyule MM; Njeruh FM Source: East African Medical Journal. 2002 May;79(5):271-273. Abstract: This cross-sectional study carried out in Kibera slums located 7 km southwest from the Nairobi City center was conducted to compare the bacteriological quality of out-house (tank or standpipe) water and in-house drinking water (storage containers) and determine the risk factors influencing it. Water samples from 20 outside tanks/standpipes and 60 from in-house water storage containers. Pour plate method was used to enumerate total bacterial counts in water, while the multiple tube technique was used to determine fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS) numbers. A questionnaire and environmental observation were used to determine the risk factors influencing bacteriological quality of water. The mean total bacterial counts (TBC) for out-house water was 46.6/100 ml while that for in-house was 818.2/100 ml. Fecal coliforms were isolated from 7 (35%) standpipes and 57 (95%) in-house storage containers. The mean fecal coliform count was 93 and 103.4/100 ml for out-house and in-house water, respectively. The counts were significantly higher in the latter. Fecal streptococci were isolated from 2 (10%) standpipes and 37 (61.7%) in-house storage containers. The mean fecal streptococci counts were 35 and 65/100 ml for out-house and in-house water sources, respectively. Escherichia coli was isolated in 2 (10%) of out-house water and 30 (50%) of in-house. Of these, four were enteropathogenic, serotype 011 from one out-house water source and serotypes 011, 011, 0112ac from in-house water sources. Bacteriogical contamination of water at the source with a further deterioration between the collection points and homes was observed. A defective water delivery system and inadequate environmental sanitation were a potential source of contamination for out-house water. Scoops were a major source of contamination for stored water. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | SLUMS | WATER SUPPLY | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Natural Resources | Environment | Organization and Administration | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 172850

16. Title: [Management and utilization of pesticides in the Municipal Hygiene Offices] Gestion et utilisation des pesticides au niveau des Bureaux Municipaux D'hygične. Author: El Afghani A; El Hasfaoui A; Ait Said F Source: Rabat, Morocco, Institut de Formation aux Carrieres de Sante, 2001. [11], 77, [35] p. Thesis, Institut de Formation aux Carrieres de Sante, 2001. Abstract: This thesis from the IFCS (Institute for Training in Healthcare Careers) discusses a study on the management and utilization of pesticides in three Moroccan Municipal Hygiene Offices (BMH). The problems at the origin of this study involves the lack of qualified personnel and the budget shortage, the inappropriate storage conditions, the poor application of pesticides and the risks they represent for humans and for the environment. The objectives defined to conduct this study consist of establishing a list of the products used at the BMHs, studying the design and structure of the store houses, describing the methods of use of the pesticides and the means of protection against their dangers, noting the critical points in the area of modes of management and utilization of the pesticides, and evaluating this management. This is a guide for analysis and operation based on observation, interviews, a questionnaire and the utilization of the documentation concerning the subject. The study presents the organization, structure, utilization and management of liquid and solid pesticides at each BMH studied. It demonstrates that the profitability of pesticide management within the BMHs is closely linked to the rational management of human resources in labor forecasting by estimating the need for workers in terms of number and qualification and by determining the protection of the health and physical condition of all the employees in the department. The study also noted that the departments responsible for storage do not have sufficient capacity for all of the pesticides, the evaluation of needs is inaccurate. Also described are the impact of the use of pesticides on the environment and the factors influencing the danger of exposure in man, as well as the rules and safety measures which must be observed before, during, and after application of pesticides. The study concludes with the remark that although the BMHs are always concerned about the toxicity connected to these products and the regulation of their use, control has proved difficult. Recommendations and suggestions were formulated for proper management and effective control of the appropriate use of pesticides in order to diminish the risks. French Abstract: Ce mémoire de l'IFCS (Institut de Formation aux Carričres de Santé) traite d'une étude sur la gestion et l'utilisation des pesticides au niveau de trois BMH (Bureau Municipal d'Hygične) marocains. La problématique qui est ŕ l'origine de cette étude porte sur le manque du personnel qualifié et l'insuffisance budgétaire, les conditions de stockage inappropriées, la mauvaise application des pesticides et les risques qu'ils représentent pour l'homme et l'environnement. Les objectifs définis pour mener cette étude consistent ŕ établir une liste des produits utilisés au niveau des BMH, étudier la conception et la structure des locaux de stockage, décrire les méthodes d'utilisation des pesticides et les moyens de protection contre leurs dangers., relever les points critiques au niveau des modes des gestion et d'utilisation des pesticides et évaluer cette gestion. Il s'agit d'une étude d'analyse et d'exploitation qui s'est basée sur l'observation, l'entretien, le questionnaire et sur l'exploitation de la documentation relative au sujet. L'étude présente l'organisation, la structure, l'utilisation et la gestion des pesticides, liquides et solides au niveau de chaque BMH étudié. Elle démontre que la rentabilité de la gestion des pesticides au niveau des BMH est étroitement liée ŕ la gestion rationnelle des ressources humaines au niveau des prévisions de la main d'śuvre en estimant les besoins en travailleurs de point de vue nombre et qualification et en déterminant la protection de la santé et de la condition physique de tous les employés du service. L'étude ŕ révélé aussi que les services responsables du stockage ne disposent pas d'une capacité suffisante pour l'ensemble de pesticides, l'évaluation des besoins est inexacte. L'impact de l'utilisation des pesticides sur l'environnement et les facteurs influençant le danger d'exposition chez l'homme ainsi que les rčgles et mesures de sécurité ŕ entreprendre et qui doivent ętre observées avant, pendant et aprčs l'application des pesticides sont décrites avant que l'étude s'achčve sur le constat que bien que les BMH sont toujours préoccupés de la toxicité relative ŕ ces produits et de la réglementation de leur emploi, le contrôle s'est révélé trčs difficile. Des recommandations et suggestions ont été formulées en vue d'une bonne gestion et d'une maîtrise efficace de l'emploi convenable des pesticides afin de diminuer les risques. Language: French Keywords: MOROCCO | RESEARCH REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | WORKERS | PESTICIDES | SAFETY | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | HUMAN RESOURCES | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | EXPOSURE | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | LOGISTICS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Northern | Africa | Labor Force | Economic Factors | Ingredients and Chemicals | Public Health | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Environment | Natural Resources | Risk Factors | Biology | Diseases Document Number: 178474

17. Title: [Descriptions of HIV test kits]: Capillus HIV-1 / HIV-2 Rapid Test Kit, Determine HIV-1/2 Rapid Test Kit, DoubleCheck HIV 1&2 Rapid Test Kit, Enzygnost Anti-HIV 1/2 Plus: ELISA test kit, Genie II HIV1 / HIV2, Hema-Strip HIV-1/2 Rapid Test Kit, MedMira MiraWell Rapid HIV Test Kit, Multispot HIV-1 / HIV-2 Rapid Test Kit, Ora-Quick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test, SeroCard HIV Rapid Test Kit, Uni-gold HIV Test, Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II Plus O: ELISA test kit. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2003. [12] p. Abstract: This document provides information on: brand and manufacturer; kit contents; percent accuracy; types of samples; run time of test; packaging information; test kit package; shipping carton; storage conditions; shelf life and disposal; quality control; indicators of potential quality problems; materials required but not provided; and estimated price for 12 HIV rapid test kits. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TABLES AND CHARTS | TECHNICAL REPORT | USAID | HIV TESTING | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | SAFETY | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Government Agencies | Organizations | Examinations and Diagnoses | Evaluation | Management | Organization and Administration | Public Health | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 182050

18. Title: HIV test kit selection: operational considerations for VCT and PMTCT services. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2003]. [4] p. Abstract: In general, when countries or programs have developed national guidelines and recommended standard kits, the criteria for product selection may be limited to sensitivity and specificity and some basic requirements. Nonetheless, to facilitate expansion of quality VCT and PMTCT services at lower-level health facilities in resource constrained settings, it may be necessary to consider additional criteria pertaining to feasibility and user-friendliness of the HIV test kits. This document provides a checklist of additional criteria that may enhance the quality of services and reduce program costs. It also presents an example from Uganda (where a phased approach was used) of how the product selection process might work. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VIRGINIA | UGANDA | TECHNICAL REPORT | CLIENTS | HIV TESTING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | TECHNOLOGY | LOGISTICS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TIME FACTORS | DECISION MAKING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Economic Factors | Management | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior Document Number: 182136

19. Title: Bangladesh: contraceptive logistics system. Review of accomplishments and lessons learned. Author: Kinzett S; Bates J Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], Family Planning Logistics Management [FPLM], 2000. x, 67 p. (USAID Contract No. CCP-C-00-95-00028-00) Abstract: This report documents the status of technical assistance provided by the USAID-funded Family Planning Logistics Management project to the Bangladesh Family Planning Program in developing a countrywide contraceptive logistics system. A study conducted in November 1999 to evaluate the impact of technical assistance on logistics management and contraceptive security is detailed. The report concludes with findings from the study, lessons learned, and recommendations to continue improvements in the system. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | EVALUATION REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION | SYSTEMS ANALYSIS | PUBLIC SECTOR | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | WORLD BANK | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | INVENTORIES | HEALTH POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | CHANGES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Survey Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organizations | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Equipment and Supplies | Policy | Family Planning | Social Change Document Number: 180915

20.    Title: Adverse reaction potential of three measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccines [letter] Author: Arya SC; Agarwal N Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2003;13(4):273-274. Abstract: In a recent issue of the Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health, Santos et al. reported meticulous data on adverse reactions attributable to three different measlesmumps- rubella (MMR) combination vaccines. Their findings would certainly guide public health administrators and clinicians all over the world to offer the least-toxic vaccine combinations. Nevertheless, before these data are extrapolated and applied in the field, it would be better if the potency of different combination vaccines in the field were also addressed. Lyophilized lots of measles vaccines have to be constantly maintained at a cold temperature. Reconstituted measles vaccine undergoes a 50% loss of potency after exposure to 22 °C–25 °C for only 1 hour. Furthermore, its exposure to a temperature above 37 °C leads to inactivation within 1 hour. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | DISEASE TRANSMISSION CONTROL | MEASLES | MUMPS | RUBELLA | VACCINES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | MONITORING | EVALUATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Organization and Administration Document Number: 189848

21. Title: Cold Chain System in Chandigarh during intensified pulse polio immunization 2001-2002 [letter] Author: Goel NK; Swami HM Source: Indian Pediatrics. 2004 Jul 17;41:750-751. Abstract: Since the inception of the Immunization Program there has been a great need of strict maintenance of Cold Chain System for all the vaccines from the site of production to the point of consumption. India has attained a immunization coverage of >85% and to sustain high level of immunization coverage, there is need for strict monitoring of the existing immunization program as especially improving cold chain system. The present study was aimed on evaluation of Cold Chain System in UT, Chandigarh during IPPI campaign in 2001-2002. This study was conducted one week prior to National Immunization Day (NID) and on NIDs. A Pre-tested questionnaire was used. We visited different vaccination storage centers and 20 vaccination (PPI) posts in Chandigarh. There was one trained refrigerator technician to attend the complaints relating to malfunctioning of Deep Freezer / Ice line Refrigerator. Cold chain sickness rate for January, 2002 was found to be 9.7%. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | COLD CHAIN | POLIO | IMMUNIZATION | VACCINES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | WASTE MANAGEMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Management | Environment Document Number: 195618

22.    Title: SPARHCS: Strategic Pathway to Reproductive Health Commodity Security. A tool for assessment, planning, and implementation. Author: Hare L; Hart C; Scribner S; Shepherd C; Pandit T Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health [INFO], 2004. [55] p. Abstract: Many countries face the challenge of meeting people’s rising demand for contraceptives, including condoms, and other essential reproductive health supplies. Attention was first drawn to the challenge by projections of shortfalls in the financing required to pay for these supplies. The problem, though, is often not only one of financing, but also of disruptions and vulnerabilities in the many systems that need to work well, work together, and have the resiliency to adapt to changes to ensure that reproductive health supplies are available to people. SPARHCS (pronounced “sparks”) – Strategic Pathway to Reproductive Health Commodity Security – is an approach to help countries address these concerns and develop and implement strategies for reproductive health commodity security (RHCS). During the 2001 conference Meeting the Reproductive Health Challenge: Securing Contraceptives and Condoms for HIV/AIDS Prevention, held in Istanbul, donors and countries called for a common approach and framework to operationalize RHCS. In response, under the leadership of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), a wide range of collaborating agencies provided technical inputs, participated in workshops, and assisted with field tests to develop SPARHCS. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TECHNICAL REPORT | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | LOGISTICS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONDOMS | PROCEDURES | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | PRICES | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Health | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 285461

23. Title: Procedures for the evaluation of field efficacy of slow-release formulations of larvicides against Aedes aegypti in water-storage containers. Author: Mulla MS; Thavara U; Tawatsin A; Chompoosri I Source: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 2004 Mar;20(1):64-73. Abstract: In Thailand, water-storage jars, barrels, drums, pails, and tanks constitute vast developmental sites for Aedes aegypti in urban, semiurban, and rural areas. Earthen water jars, cement jars, and concrete tanks constitute the greatest proportion of artificial containers where Ae. aegypti breed. This species is a major vector of the causal agents of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and vector control by larviciding is one of the main approaches to disease control. At present, temephos sand granules (SG) (1%) are used in large- scale community-based larviciding programs. Because of the use of this larvicide over the past 30 years, the likelihood exists that Ae. aegypti already has become resistant to this larvicide. To develop more options for control and make them available for use, we evaluated VectoBac tablets (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis [Bti] 5%) and a new formulation of zeolite granules (ZG) of temephos (1%) and compared these formulations for efficacy with temephos SG (1%) in water-storage jars. In these tests, we used 48 identical glazed earthen water-storage jars (200-liter capacity) and developed quantitative sampling procedures for larvae, pupae, and pupal skins. Pupal skins were the easiest to count and this technique was used for the 1st time for assessing emergence of adults in water-storage containers. Three water regimens were used: full jars, half-full jars, and full jars emptied half way and refilled weekly. The 3 formulations with 3 regimens of water were assessed over a period of 6 months. VectoBac tablets at the dosage of 1 tablet or 0.37 g per 50 liters of water provided excellent control for about 112 days in full water jars. In the other 2 water regimens, VectoBac gave excellent control for 90 days. The 2 temephos formulations at the operational rate of 5 g per 50 liters of water were equal in efficacy, yielding almost 100% control for more than 6 months. Unlike temephos SG, the temephos ZG had no objectionable odor. Both the temephos ZG and Bti tablets increased clarity of the water, a feature desired by the users. Lack of odor and depression of turbidity are important attributes of Bti tablets and temephos ZG. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | PARASITE CONTROL | PROCEDURES | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | WATER | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Organization and Administration | Natural Resources | Environment Document Number: 284210

24.    Title: The logistics handbook: a practical guide for supply chain managers in family planning and health programs. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2004. [192] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADE-317) Abstract: The Logistics Handbook: A Practical Guide for Supply Chain Managers in Family Planning and Health Programs was written for anyone involved in the day-to-day management of contraceptive supplies in developing countries. Many of the suggested techniques also apply to the management of essential drugs, including medications used for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) control programs, acute respiratory infection (ARI), tuberculosis control, and vaccination programs. A number of techniques described in this handbook will be helpful to readers who are responsible for improving, revising, or designing all or part of a logistics system—including the design of data collection forms and inventory control systems. Additional techniques are described—how to assess the functioning of an entire logistics system and how to monitor such a system continually. This book is modeled on the U.S.-based logistics management course originally provided by the Family Planning Logistics Management (FPLM) project, now the DELIVER project, of John Snow, Inc. Although the handbook does not contain everything participants learn in the course, we hope that, by capturing aspects of the key topics presented, the project will be able to reach thousands of people involved in supply management. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | LOGISTICS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | MONITORING | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | MANAGEMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | DECISION MAKING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | HIV PREVENTION | IMPLEMENTATION | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Programs | Evaluation | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 292763

25.    Title: The effect of storage on the nutrient composition of some Nigerian foodstuffs: banana and plantain. Author: Akaninwor JO; Sodje M Source: Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2005;9(3):9-11. Abstract: Changes in the nutrient composition during storage of plantain, banana, yam and cocoyam using different storage methods have been investigated. It has been shown that there was an increase in moisture content of banana and plantain during storage in open air, (28.2 ± 0.10 to 30.2 ± 0.03% for banana and 31.6 ± 0.18 to 34.1 ± 02% for plantain) after 9 days of storage. These were followed by a slight decrease in the deep refrigerator storage and then an over all increase in the deep freezer storage. .Small changes were observed in crude protein and ether extracts during open air storage of banana and plantain as well as yam and cocoyam. A general trend of lowest nutrient values during deep freezer storage has been observed. It thus seems that storage of banana, plantain is better in a refrigerator than open air probably due to the minimized nutrient loss caused by metabolic activities such as respiration and sprouting. It should however be noted that for these food items, open air storage was in fact better than deep-freezer storage provided consumption is hastened since the deep freezer subjected the food stuffs to chilling injury and nutrient loss. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOOD AND BEVERAGE | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | IMPACT | METABOLIC EFFECTS | NUTRITION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Health | Organization and Administration | Communication | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 295970

26. Title: USAID contraceptive procurement guide 2005. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2004. [32] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: The USAID Contraceptive Procurement Guide 2005 is an annual publication of current contraceptive ordering procedures for Missions. It includes (1) USAID contraceptive ordering procedures (2) guidance on how to use logistics data and forecasts to calculate contraceptive requirements and (3) a catalog of contraceptives provided by USAID. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | STANDARDS | HEALTH SERVICES | LOGISTICS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | FUNDS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | MANAGEMENT | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | USAID | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 292760

27.    Title: Guidelines for warehousing health commodities. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2005. [107] p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: The Guidelines for Warehousing Health Commodities was developed to help support anyone interested in finding solutions to today’s warehousing challenges. These guidelines are an informational reference tool for logistics advisors, as well as warehouse managers and staff who are considering the construction of a new warehouse, implementing a new warehouse system in an existing facility, or redesigning their current system. In this manual you will find information about how to implement a practical and efficient warehouse system. Although this warehouse guide provides extensive up-to-date information, it cannot relate to all aspects of warehousing. It does, however, provide detailed information in four primary warehouse areas: (1) human resource planning, (2) layout planning, (3) racking systems and material handling equipment, and (4) warehouse management systems. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | STANDARDS | HEALTH SERVICES | LOGISTICS | HUMAN RESOURCES | PLANNING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | MANAGEMENT | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | USAID | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 292761

28. Title: Logistics system assessment tool (LSAT). Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2004. 169 p. (USAID Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00010-00) Abstract: The Logistics System Assessment Tool (LSAT) is one of two data-gathering tools (with the Logistics Indicators Assessment Tool) developed by the DELIVER project to assess a logistics system and the system’s environment. The LSAT is a diagnostic and monitoring tool that can be used to complete an annual assessment or as an integral part of the work planning process. The information collected using the LSAT is analyzed to identify issues and opportunities and, from those, to outline further assessment and/or appropriate interventions. As assessments using the LSAT are conducted and analyzed in successive years, the results can contribute to the monitoring, improvement and sustainability of system performance; and to provide critical non-logistics data that can identify a country’s contraceptive security strengths and weaknesses. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | LOGISTICS | PLANNING | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | MANAGEMENT | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | USAID | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 292762

29.    Title: Evaluation of the potential of some local spices as stored grain protectants against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais mots (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Author: Udo IO Source: Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2005;9(1):165-168. Abstract: Five local spices (Piper guineense, Allium sativum, Afromomum melequata, Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera) were evaluated in the laboratory for their ability to protect stored maize against infestation by S. zeamais. Ground products of the spices were applied as direct admixtures at two concentration levels of 1% and 5% to assess for mortality, progeny emergence, damage and repellency. At 1% and 5% concentration, P. guineense caused significant (P < 0.05) mortality of weevils. A. melequata and P. guineense were strongly repellent to the weevils while the other three spices showed moderate repellent activity. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in damage caused by the weevils with less damage recorded on grains treated with P. guineense, A. sativum and T. tetrptera. Progeny production was also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by P. guineense than the other four spices and the control. The possible protectant potentials of the five spices are discussed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | PLANTS | PESTICIDES | MEDICINAL PLANTS | AGRICULTURE | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Natural Resources | Environment | Ingredients and Chemicals | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration Document Number: 296064

30.    Title: Underside corrosion of above ground storage tanks (ASTs). Author: Rim-Rukeh A; Okokoyo PA Source: Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2005;9(1):161-163. Abstract: Underside corrosion of a failed above ground storage tank (AST) was investigated by the physiochemical analysis of water sample that was ingress between the tank bottom plate and the concrete foundation. The results of the water sample analysis showed pH (5.8), temperature (30°C), Conductivity (4800 µs/cm), dissolved oxygen (3.5 mg/l), chloride (674 mg/l), carbonate (16.90mg/l) and nitrate (23.10 mg/l). The levels of the parameters studied were generally high and above statutory safe limits. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the water sample have diagnostic and predictive values to implicate and promote underside corrosion of the studied above ground storage tank. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | TOXICITY | WATER QUALITY | WATER SUPPLY | ANALYSIS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organization and Administration | Physiology | Biology | Environmental Pollution | Environment | Natural Resources | Research Methodology | Water Document Number: 296063

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