| 1. Title: Vasectomy reversal: Is the microscope really essential? Author: Gopi SS; Townell NH Source: Scottish Medical Journal. 2007;52(2):18-20. Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the outcomes of bilateral vasectomy reversal procedure in relation to the macroscopic technique, surgical time and duration of obstructive interval. We performed a retrospective study over a twelve-year period using a macroscopic technique. All cases of vasectomy reversal were consecutive and performed by the same surgeon. The procedure was performed using a single layer, spatulate end to end anastomosis technique using 6 × 6-0 prolene. No loupe magnification was used. The median age of the men was 42 years (range 30-56). The median obstructive interval in years was 8.5 years (range 2-23). The procedure was a day case and the median surgical time under general anaesthetic was 75 minutes (range 45-90). None of the patients required hospital admission following discharge. 63 of the 70 patients had positive patency test postoperatively (90%). The sperm count was more than twenty million /ml. The pregnancy rate was 54 % and the miscarriage rate was 7.1%. The outcomes of macroscopic vasectomy reversal performed by an experienced surgeon can have a high success rate using the macroscopic single layer spatulate end to end anastomosis technique. This technique is easy to learn compared to the learning curve involved in microsurgery and is an effective means of "re-establishing" fertility in vasectomised men. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SCOTLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | PHYSICIANS | VASECTOMY | VAS REANASTOMOSIS | MICROSURGERY | UROGENITAL SURGERY | Developed Countries | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Male Sterilization | Sterilization Reversal | Reversible Sterilization | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 321087 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Success rate and patient satisfaction with the Essure sterilisation in an outpatient setting: A prospective study of 857 women. Author: Mino M; Arjona JE; Cordon J; Pelegrin B; Povedano B Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007 Jun;114(6):763-766. Abstract: After 857 women with Essure system inserted for tubal obstruction as a method of sterilization in an outpatient setting, insertion is achieved in close to 99% of the women. Physician described the procedure as very difficult in 15% of the cases, mainly due to anatomical tubal anomalis or tubal spasm, and women felt highly satisfied in all cases. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | HYSTEROSCOPY | SATISFACTION | CLINICS | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Facilities Document Number: 317094 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: The feasibility, success and patient satisfaction associated with outpatient hysteroscopic sterilisation. Author: Sinha D; Kalathy V; Gupta JK; Clark TJ Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007 Jun;114(6):676-683. Abstract: The objective was to determine the feasibility and patient satisfaction of female sterilisation using the Essure system in an outpatient hysteroscopy clinic without conscious sedation or general anaesthesia. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Outpatient hysteroscopy clinic in a large teaching hospital. Population Women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopic sterilisation using the Essure system for permanent fertility control. Demographic and procedural data were prospectively collected from 112 consecutive women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopic sterilisation without sedation or general anaesthesia. A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) was performed routinely in all women 3 months after the procedure to confirm bilateral tubal occlusion. Postal questionnaires were sent at this time enquiring about patient satisfaction and experience with the outpatient procedure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently predictive of successful completion of the procedure. Main outcome measures: Technical feasibility, predictive factors for technical success (operator, body mass index, uterine size, axis, menstrual phase and cervical stenosis), complications, tubal occlusion on HSG, patient satisfaction and procedure-related experience. Successful bilateral tubal placement of the Essure microinserts was achieved in 103/112 (92%, 95% CI 85-96%) women. Nonsecretory phase of the menstrual cycle (P = 0.04) and a clinically normal-sized uterus (P = 0.003) were independently predictive for successful completion of the outpatient procedure on multivariable modelling. There were no major procedurerelated complications recorded, but transient vasovagal reactions occurred in 5/112 (5%) women. Of the original cohort of 112 women with successful procedures, 84 women were 3 months postprocedure and had undergone a HSG. Bilateral tubal occlusion was confirmed in 83/84 (99%, 95% CI 94-100%) women at 3 months and in 100% at 6 months. Seventy-six of 84 (91%) had returned the questionnaires, and 70/73(96%, 95% CI 88-99%) were satisfied with their overall experience of the procedure including radiological follow up, with most reporting being 'very satisfied' (64/73, 88%, 95% CI 78-94%). Outpatient hysteroscopic sterilisation using the Essure system without sedation or general anaesthesia is a successful and safe procedure associated with high rates of patient satisfaction. If practical, women should be scheduled to have their procedures in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle to optimise successful placement of Essure devices, especially if the uterus is clinically enlarged. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | HYSTEROSCOPY | SATISFACTION | CLINICS | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Health Facilities Document Number: 317092 |
| 4. Title: Case report of failed tubal occlusion using Essure pbc (permanent birth control) hysteroscopic sterilisation procedure [letter] Author: Valle RF Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007;47(2):155-156. Abstract: I read with interest a case report by Karthigasu et al . titled 'Case report of failed tubal occlusion using Essure pbc (permanent birth control) hysteroscopic sterilisation procedure' published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 2006; 46 : 365-367. Although the authors attest that the Essure device failed to occlude the right fallopian tube when it was properly placed, their conclusion is based on the wrong premise. The authors interpreted the patient's post-sterilisation follow-up hysterosalpingogram incorrectly. The X-ray clearly shows that the tubal lumen is empty and patent with the device lodged above in the wall of the fallopian tube, most likely subserosal, as apparently laparoscopy did not reveal the device completely penetrating the fallopian tube. Two tracts are seen on the X-ray: the tubal lumen with no device, and above that, the Essure device. The authors describe these two tracts, but fail to recognise the partial tubal perforation by the Essure device with dissection of the tubal wall under the serosa. Complete tubal perforation was perhaps avoided because of the blunt end of the device and its malleability. Obviously, the Essure device cannot occlude the tubal lumen if it is not deployed and placed properly in that lumen. Furthermore, the hysteroscopic view of the implanted device, despite its low resolution, suggests that the tubal lumen is below and lateral to the device. While the fallopian tube was occluded at laparoscopy, it might have been useful to perform a right salpingectomy with cornual resection to evaluate the fallopian tube histologically, which would have determined the partial tubal perforation and its tract, as it was done in the 1970s to evaluate the formation of fistulous tracts after failed tubal sterilisation by coagulation of the tubes. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | PHYSICIANS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | TUBAL EFFECTS | COMPLICATIONS | POSTOPERATIVE PROCEDURES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Fallopian Tubes | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Surgery | Treatment Document Number: 313032 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: The effect of tubal ligation scoring and sterilization counseling on the request for tubal reanastomosis. Author: Demir SC; Cetin MT; Kadayifci O Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2006 Sep;11(3):215-219. Abstract: The aim of this study is to emphasize the role of counseling methods that are meant to decrease the request for tubal ligation reversal, such as tubal ligation scoring. This study covers 389 patients who were admitted for tubal sterilization to C¸ ukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1999. We have used the 'Tubal ligation score' on these 389 patients. Four hundred and seventeen patients who underwent bilateral Pomeroy type tubal ligation during cesarean section without having undergone tubal ligation scoring in the same time interval, were accepted as the control group. Laparoscopic tubal ligation (with a Yoon ring) was performed on 368 patients who had a score of 6 or higher. Twenty-one patients who got a score of 6 or lower were recounseled and another family planning method was prescribed to them. None of the 368 patients to whom tubal ligation scoring was done previous to laparoscopic tubal ligation returned to our clinic for tubal reanastomosis. Fifteen of the 417 patients (3.6%) in the control group returned to our clinic for tubal reanastomosis. Tubal ligation scoring may decrease the ratio of patients who request a tubal ligation reversal. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | TUBAL LIGATION | LAPAROSCOPY | TUBAL REANASTOMOSIS | FAMILY PLANNING | COUNSELING | AGE FACTORS | PARITY | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Female Sterilization | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sterilization Reversal | Reversible Sterilization | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 307169 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Hormonal and ovarian stromal blood supply changes after laparoscopic tubal sterilization: a prospective controlled study. Author: Kelekci S; Yilmaz B; Yakut Y; Yasar L; Savan K Source: Contraception. 2006 Mar;73(3):279-283. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine if the effects of tubal sterilization (TS) by laparoscopy have any risk of a subsequent significant decrease in ovarian reserve and vascular support within the ovary by means of stromal artery Doppler study, and to compare the results with matched paired controls. Between February 2002 and January 2005, 148 healthy volunteers were enrolled sequentially, 74 undergoing laparoscopic TS (study group) and 74 age-, parity-, body mass index-matched women were recruited as a control group. The main outcome measurements were blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone and E2, ovarian volume, number of antral follicles and Doppler study of ovarian stromal artery pulsatile index (PI) and maximum velocity (Vmax) on the third day of the cycle immediately before, and 1 and 12 months after the surgical intervention. There were significant elevations in both serum FSH levels and PI values observed 1 month after TS, compared to the preoperative levels (p < .05), and also when compared to controls. However, there were no significant elevations at 12 months postoperation in both study and control groups. The other outcome measurements did not show any significant differences between the two groups. Tubal sterilization by laparoscopic electrocoagulation does not cause any decrease in ovarian reserve or ovarian stromal blood supply, except an early postoperative increase in FSH and PI. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | TUBAL LIGATION | LAPAROSCOPY | FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE | BLOOD | OVARIAN EFFECTS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Female Sterilization | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Gonadotropins, Pituitary | Gonadotropins | Hormones | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Hemic System | Ovary | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System Document Number: 296222 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Female sterilisation: is it what women really want or are alternative contraceptive methods acceptable? Author: Mattinson A; Mansour D Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2006 Jul;32(3):181-183. Abstract: An initial audit was conducted in 2001 to monitor all women referred for female sterilisation. This re-audit in 2003 set out to investigate those women who initially chose alternative reversible contraception and ascertain whether they were still using that method or if they or their partner had requested sterilisation. A telephone survey of general practitioners was conducted, 2 years after an initial sterilisation counselling appointment, of those women who initially had chosen alternative, reversible forms of contraception. Information regarding current contraception was obtained for 44 (85%) of the cohort of 52 women. Three women and five of their partners (15.4%) had been sterilised in the intervening 2 years. Two women had undergone hysterectomy for gynaecological reasons. Thirty-four (65.4%) women were using reversible contraceptive methods and 31 (59.6%) were still using the same contraceptive method chosen at the sterilisation counselling appointment. Information was not available for eight (15.4%) women. Female sterilisation counselling within a contraception and sexual health service successfully offers a full range of contraceptive alternatives. This small audit indicates that at least two-thirds of women who choose one of these alternatives will still be using this method 2 years later. Although the number of women in this audit is small, we suggest that this change in service delivery has contributed to a decline in female sterilisation within the district and has led to an increased use of effective, reversible hormonal contraception within the community and hospital services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | COUNSELING | CONTRACEPTION CONTINUATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Sterilization, Sexual | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 305739 |
8.  Title: [Comparative study of female surgery contraception access: microlaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy] Estudo comparativo de vias de acesso cirurgico na contracepcao cirurgicafeminina: microlaparoscopia versus minilaparotomia. Author: Modotte WP; Dias R; Frei F; Dias DS; Fernandes FF Source: Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. 2006 Jul;28(7):403-409. Abstract: The purpose was to compare in a retrospective way, 51 women who underwent tubal ligation, 30 through microlaparoascopy (Gmicrol) and 21 through minilaparotomy (Gminil). The analyzed parameters were: total time for accomplishment of the procedure and the surgical technique, time of hospital stay and return to the habitual activities after the surgery, postoperative pain, morbidity, satisfaction degree and esthetic effect, considering values of p < 0.05 as significant, and also standard cost. Gmicrol took less time to accomplish the surgery than the Gminil (43 against 57 minutes respectively, p < 0.05), less time to accomplish the surgical technique (6.48 against 30.32 minutes respectively, p < 0.05), and lower hospital stay (9,90 hours as against 41,7 hours respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding time to return to the habitual activities after surgery. To evaluate postoperative pain, a scale of 0-10 it was applied. Gmicrol present a lower pain score on the 1st and 2nd postoperative days (1.13 and 0.26 to Gmicrol and 4.52 and 1.14 to Gminil, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between immediate postoperative the most common complaint being pain at the site of pain and that on the 3rd postoperative day. Gminil presented a higher morbidity rate incision. To evaluate the satisfaction degree and esthetic effect, numeric values were attributed to as good, regular, poor and very bad as answered by the patiets. Gmicrol presented a higher satisfaction degree (p < 0.05) and better esthetic effect as compared to Gminil (p < 0.05). The microlaparoscopy standard cost was R$ 109.30 being lower than that of minilaparotomy. Tubal ligation by microlaparoscopy, under local anesthesia and conscious sedation presented some advantages compared to minilaparotomy. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | TUBAL LIGATION | LAPAROTOMY | LAPAROSCOPY | PAIN | SATISFACTION | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Female Sterilization | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 315039 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Outcomes of women referred for sterilisation. Author: Smith RA; Martindale EA Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2006 Jul;32(3):184-185. Abstract: The objective was to evaluate whether women referred to a gynaecology clinic requesting sterilisation were receiving appropriate counselling about sterilisation and other forms of long-term contraception, and to determine the proportion of women who ultimately underwent sterilisation. A retrospective audit of 100 women referred requesting sterilisation. 15% of women referred did not attend the clinic, 54% had sterilisation and 29% ultimately chose an alternative method. Alternative forms of contraception discussed were levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (69%), vasectomy (34%) and subdermal progestogen implants (21%). At the clinic 70 (82%) women chose sterilisation; however, 15 (21%) of these women cancelled the operation. Almost half of the women referred for sterilisation did not proceed with it, suggesting that there was insufficient counselling about sterilisation and alternative long-term contraception before referral to the gynaecology clinic and also within the clinic itself. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | COUNSELING | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 305760 |
| 10. Title: Guidelines for sterilisation in India [letter] Author: Bansal RK Source: Lancet. 2005 Jun 18;365(9477):2090. Abstract: In a landmark judgment which strengthens the reproductive health services and aids the population policy of India, Justices Ruma Pal, Arijit Pasayat, and C K Thakker of the Supreme Court of India have ruled that, for the time being, only doctors with 5 years of gynaecological training will be permitted to carry out sterilisation programmes. Further, the Government of India will pay Rs100 000 (US $2300) in case of the death of the patient sterilised, Rs30 000 ($689) in case of incapacity, and in case of post-operative complications, the actual cost of treatment up to Rs20 000 ($459). This judgment was delivered in response to public-interest litigation filed by Ramakant Rai alleging widespread non-observance of the guidelines issued by the Central Government’s standard of female and male sterilisation. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | PHYSICIANS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | COURT DECISION | STANDARDS | SURGERY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning | Litigation | Research Methodology | Treatment Document Number: 289062 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Sterilisation of young, competent, and childless adults. Author: Benn P; Lupton M Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2005 Jun 4;330(7503):1323-1325. Abstract: A 26 year old woman presented to a general gynaecology clinic requesting sterilisation. She worked as the manager of a large legal practice in central London. She had never been pregnant. She was in a relationship that had lasted five years and was using condoms for contraception. At the age of 17 she had discovered that she had a serious congenital heart defect. Neither she nor her partner had any desire to have children, and they had spoken about this at some length. The reasons she gave for requesting sterilisation were that she did not have faith in other forms of contraception; had no desire to have children; did not wish to change her lifestyle or threaten her financial status (she saw children as a financial burden); felt that children would prohibit many important life choices, including the opportunity to travel; thought the world was already burdened with enough people; and had serious anxieties about the risk of medical complications during a pregnancy as her cardiologist had told her that pregnancy would be risky. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | CASE HISTORIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | DECISION MAKING | ETHICS | REGRET | AGE FACTORS | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | STERILIZATION REVERSAL | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Interpersonal Relations | Reversible Sterilization Document Number: 287838 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Sterilization: is your practice up to date? Source: Contraceptive Technology Update. 2004 Jul;25(7):[3] p.. Abstract: With the growing popularity of a new approach to sterilization in the form of the Essure device (Conceptus, San Carlos, CA), family planning providers need to update their counseling information in presenting the option to women considering permanent contraception. Three presentations at the recent annual meeting of the Washington, DC-based American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) focused on use of the device in current practice. Understanding how Essure fits into the contraceptive picture is important for providers and patients, says Amy Pollack, MD, MPH, president of EngenderHealth in New York City. According to Pollack, the Essure device represents a “completely new paradigm” since it is the first new sterilization method of its kind. “It is the first time since 1970 that we are introducing a completely different method,” says Pollack, who presented at the ACOG meeting. “We have introduced methods of occlusion, from Hulka, bipolar, unipolar, the ring, and then the Filshie clip; we are now looking at something completely different, so we have to step back and reevaluate.” (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | SAFETY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Public Health | Health Document Number: 281863 |
| 13. Title: Tubal sterilization for women: getting your tubes tied. Source: Contraception Report. 2004 Feb;14(4):[3] p.. Abstract: Sterilization, commonly referred to as "Getting your tubes tied," is a permanent method of contraception that requires an operation. Tubal sterilization procedures block the fallopian tubes (the tubes that carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus). The blockage in the tubes stops sperm from reaching the egg and prevents pregnancy. Female sterilization is performed under general (asleep) or regional anesthesia (awake but numb). The surgeon cuts or blocks the tubes with clips, rings, or electrical current. Most procedures are done using an instrument called a laparoscope. A laparoscope has a one half inch-wide telescope that allows your doctor to see your fallopian tubes. Your doctor inserts the laparoscope through a small incision usually made in your navel (belly button). Most sterilizations are performed as "same day" surgeries outside the hospital in a special clinic or center. Some women have the operation while still in the hospital after having a baby. Other women choose a time unrelated to childbirth. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEACHING MATERIALS | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | TUBAL LIGATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning Document Number: 312244 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of topical bupivacaine on postoperative pain after laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Filshie clips. Author: Brennan MC; Ogburn T; Hernandez CJ; Qualls C Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2004 May;190(5):1411-1413. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain after the administration of topical bupivacaine during laparoscopic sterilization with Filshie clips. Sixty-three women who underwent laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Filshie clips were assigned randomly to receive topical bupivacaine or placebo. Presence of pain, pain intensity, nausea, vomiting, timing of request for pain medication, and pain medication requirements were assessed postoperatively. Patient demographics were similar between the 2 groups. Topical bupivacaine decreased the incidence (P=.005) and intensity (P=.028) of postoperative pain at 30 minutes. No differences in incidence or severity of pain were seen at hospital discharge or on postoperative day 1. Topical bupivacaine that is applied to the fallopian tubes at the time of laparoscopic tubal sterilization with the Filshie clip decreases immediate postoperative pain. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | LAPAROSCOPY | CLIPS | PAIN | ANALGESIA | DRUGS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Equipment and Supplies | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Treatment Document Number: 192801 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Prospective randomized, controlled study of postoperative pain after titanium silicone rubber clip or Silastic ring tubal occlusion. Author: Pymar HC; Creinin MD; Vallejo MC Source: Contraception. 2004 Feb;69(2):145-150. Abstract: To determine if laparoscopic sterilization using the Filshie clip causes less postoperative pain as compared to the Falope ring during the first 24 h after surgery. Forty subjects were enrolled. Five milliliters of 0.5% bupivicaine was injected at each of the two incision sites and 5 mL was dripped onto each fallopian tube. Subjects then received one Filshie clip and Falope ring on opposite fallopian tubes; the side of occlusion was randomized. Subjects were questioned about pain prior to the first administration of analgesics postoperatively, 1 and 2 h after surgery, at discharge, and 24 h after surgery. Forty subjects completed the study; 32 without major deviations from protocol. There was no significant difference in pain between sides with the Filshie clip or Falope ring at any times evaluated. There was no significant reduction in the postoperative pain associated with the Filshie clip as compared to the Falope ring within 24 h after surgery. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | HUMAN VOLUNTEERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | LAPAROSCOPY | TUBAL OCCLUSION | PAIN | POSTOPERATIVE PROCEDURES | GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Clinical Research | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Surgery | Treatment | Urogenital Surgery Document Number: 190268 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Utero-ovarian morphology and blood flow tubal ligation by the Pomeroy technique. Author: Revel A; Abramov Y; Yagel S; Nadjari M Source: Contraception. 2004 Feb;69(2):151-156. Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate ovarian sonographic morphology and pelvic blood flow in patients who had undergone bilateral tubal ligation by the Pomeroy technique. Twenty women who had undergone bilateral tubal ligation during cesarean section by the Pomeroy techniques were compared to 20 matched controls who had undergone cesarean section alone. Ovarian morphology as well as ovarian and uterine pulsatility index (PI), resistance index and peak systolic velocity were evaluated using transvaginal sonography and Doppler velocimetry. Patients post tubal ligation by the Pomeroy technique were found to have a significantly higher rate of polycystic appearance of the ovaries (60% vs. 5%; p < 0.005). Six patients (30%) had post tubal ligation symptoms, as compared to none of the controls. Five of the six symptomatic tubal ligation patients (83%) had ovarian polycystic appearance, which was not significantly different than asymptomatic patients. Ovarian artery PI was significantly higher in symptomatic patients (2.7 ± 1.9) compared to asymptomatic patients (1.5 ± 0.9) (p < 0.05). We therefore conclude that patients post bilateral tubal ligation by the Pomeroy technique may acquire an ovarian polycystic appearance and increased ovarian PI, which may be associated with a tendency to develop post tubal ligation symptoms. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | TUBAL LIGATION | POMEROY METHOD | OVARIAN CYSTS | ULTRASONICS | UTERINE EFFECTS | OVARIAN EFFECTS | MENSTRUATION DISORDERS | TUBAL OCCLUSION | Middle East | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Female Sterilization | Diseases | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Ovary Document Number: 190269 |
| 17. Title: [Metaphors of desire: sterilization as a defense process] Metáforas do desejo: a esterilização como processo de defesa. Author: Costa AM Source: Revista de Ciências Médicas / Journal of Medical Sciences. 2003 Jan-Mar;12(1):3-13. Abstract: This article consists in a rereading of the research performed by Serruya, who investigated the determining causes and explanations about the decision of women from Belém, Pará state, Brazil, concerning surgical sterilization. The author explores, with competence and foundation, the aspects of medicalization as well as of social and economic restrictions as determinants in the decision about family size. She even identifies a paradoxical situation in which the small number of offspring is established as a condition for the woman to be qualified as a good mother. The large adherence of Brazilian women to sterilization has kindled the interest of the several research fields. The whole complex of female desires related to sexuality, maternity and contraception, either for achievement or negation, evidences the rebelliousness against continuing to follow the cultural destiny of women, i.e. the maternity. The choice for surgical sterilization is a result of technological availability on the varied menu of health promotions, but its subjective meanings may show other aspects of the phenomenon. Women opt for surgical sterilization because they attribute a commodity value to the medical intervention. On the other hand, the desire for tubal ligation and fertility interruption is a manifestation of their rebelliousness against maternity, rupturing cultural constructs that determine the female social roles. However, becoming sterilized, women also reveal the subjective castration desire, related to Freud's fetishism concept. The essence of women's desire, analyzed in the light of psychoanalysis, associates surgical sterilization with the fetish. Considered as deviation or substitution of desire, the fetishism may contribute to the understanding of the ambiguity or even regret feelings expressed by several sterilized women. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | DECISION MAKING | FAMILY SIZE | REGRET | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | ASPIRATIONS | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Psychological Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 181199 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: The use of video information in obtaining consent for female sterilisation: a randomised study. Author: Mason V; McEwan A; Walker D; Barrett S; James D Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 Dec;110(12):1062-1071. Abstract: Hypothesis: Providing additional information by video in addition to the standard consultation in women requesting sterilisation increases patients’ knowledge about the procedure with no change in anxiety levels. Design: Randomised control trial in 6 weeks. Population: Women requesting sterilisation (n = 31). Setting: Gynaecology clinics in two teaching hospitals. Methods: Comparison of providing additional information by video in addition to the standard consultation with the standard consultation. Main outcome measures Patients’ knowledge of sterilisation, anxiety levels and acceptance of the video approach. Results: Women receiving video information as well as the standard consultation had significantly higher knowledge scores compared with women only receiving the conventional consultation. Women undergoing a conventional consultation (no video) in a nurse-led dedicated sterilisation clinic had significantly higher knowledge scores than women having their consultation in a general gynaecological clinic. There were no differences in anxiety levels between the groups. Information giving by video was acceptable to the majority of women. Conclusion: Videos are a reliable and consistent method of delivering information to women requesting female sterilisation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | FILM AND VIDEO | INFORMED CONSENT | KNOWLEDGE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Mass Media | Communication Document Number: 189388 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Female sterilisation: is it what women really want? Author: Mattinson A; Mansour D Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2003 Jul;29(3):136-139. Abstract: Objective: To audit the effectiveness of a female sterilisation counselling clinic. Design: A prospective, observational study of a female sterilisation counselling clinic over a 6-month period to determine the proportions of attenders keeping their appointment, proceeding to sterilisation, and attending for surgery. Setting: A hospital-based, city centre family planning clinic run by permanent, family planning-trained staff. Results: A total of 226 women had appointments for female sterilisation counselling and most confirmed attendance. Only 153 (68%) women attended; of those 101 (66%) chose to be sterilised, the remainder choosing reversible contraception. Ninety-three (92%) women went ahead with the sterilisation procedure. Thus only 61% of the original attenders were sterilised; this was only 41% of those referred. Conclusions: The study suggests that many women referred for sterilisation counselling fail to attend. This finding needs to be further explored. For those women who do attend, accurate information and informed counselling is important. Many women are still unaware of highly effective long-term reversible contraception, and following discussion decide against female sterilisation. Services offering counselling for female sterilisation should also be able to provide easy access to a full range of contraceptive methods. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | LEVONORGESTREL | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | COUNSELING | STATISTICS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Contraceptive Methods | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | IUD | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 187513 |
| 20. Title: FDA may soon consider new female sterilization device. Source: Contraception Report. 2002 Mar;13(1):[4] p.. Abstract: A new female sterilization procedure that does not require surgical incision is nearing Phase III trial completion. Approximately 600 women are enrolled in the international trial, which is evaluating safety, efficacy, and patient comfort/satisfaction with a microcoil placed by hysteroscopy that occludes the fallopian tubes. Although data are preliminary, no pregnancies have been reported in more than 575 woman-years of use. Patients have reported high levels of satisfaction with the method. The manufacturer expects to submit a premarket approval application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by mid-2002. The device is currently available in Australia and Singapore and was recently approved in Canada. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | TUBAL OCCLUSION | HYSTEROSCOPY | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | PRODUCT APPROVAL | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Legislation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Technology | Economic Factors | Contraceptive Effectiveness Document Number: 312351 |
| 21. Title: Sterilization incidence and prevalence. Author: EngenderHealth Source: In: Contraceptive sterilization: global issues and trends, [compiled by] EngenderHealth. New York, New York, EngenderHealth, 2002 May. :17-64. Abstract: This chapter looks at global data on overall sterilization incidence and prevalence, as well as the number of users since the 1980s. It also includes information on sterilization as a percentage of total contraceptive prevalence to provide a context in which to consider sterilization's contribution to overall contraceptive use. The data presented are derived from the Demographic and Health Survey and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention series of family planning and reproductive health surveys. Overall, it is noted that demographic, policy, or program factors can cause changes in the incidence of sterilization. However, because of this chapter's population-level focus, the analysis will be limited primarily to the demographic factors affecting change. Information on the use of sterilization within a population is expressed in terms of incidence of male and female sterilization, prevalence of male and female sterilization, current numbers of users, number of female sterilization users, and number of male sterilization users. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | PREVALENCE | INCIDENCE | MALE STERILIZATION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Measurement | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Contraception Document Number: 169869 |
| 22. Title: Voluntary sterilization on the decline in Bangladesh. Author: International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF] Source: [London, England], IPPF, 2002 Oct 9. 2 p. Abstract: This news article reports the substantial decline in voluntary sterilization and low IUD performance in Bangladesh. Unless something is done about the problem, it is feared that the country's population size will be between 250 and 400 million by the year 2050. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | POPULATION | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception Document Number: 172263 |
| 23. Title: The safety and effectiveness of a new hysteroscopic method for permanent birth control: results of the first Essure pbc clinical study. Author: Kerin JF; Carignan CS; Cher D Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2001 Nov;41(4):364-370. Abstract: Background: Current methods of female surgical sterilisation require incisional surgery, general anaesthesia and a prolonged recovery time. We studied the safety and effectiveness of Essure™ pbc, a minimally invasive, transcervically placed micro-insert that occludes the Fallopian tubes, resulting in permanent female contraception. Device under study: The Essure™ pbc implant is a dynamically expanding micro-insert which is placed in the proximal section of the Fallopian tube using a modified minimal access technology for cannulating the tube. Study population: Women aged 21-43 seeking permanent birth control. Methodology: Essure™ pbc micro-inserts were inserted into the proximal portion of the Fallopian tubes under hysteroscopic visualisation with intra-venous sedation or paracervical block. Results: Bilateral device placement was achieved in 111 of 130 (85%) women who underwent device placement attempts. Women found the device placement procedure to be highly acceptable. Of women wearing the device for up to two years rate, 97% rated it to be very good to excellent. There have been no pregnancies reported in 1894 woman-months of effectiveness. Adverse events preventing women from relying on Essure™ pbc were < 5%. Discussion: This first clinical trial showed the Essure™ method of permanent contraception to be safe and highly acceptable to women. Experience and improvements to the delivery system should increase overall micro-insert placement rates. Conclusion: The Essure™ pbc method of permanent contraception is an exciting alternative to vasectomy or laparoscopic sterilisation that does not require general anaesthesia or incisions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | WOMEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | FALLOPIAN TUBES | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | Oceania | Developed Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Safety | Public Health | Health Document Number: 285228 |
| 24. Title: Family planning transition: retrospects and prospects (a state level study in Haryana). Author: Ashutosh Source: [Unpublished] 2000. [125] p. Abstract: 1. To study the trend in acceptance of various family planning methods and analysis of couple protection rate (CPR) and birth averted year wise and district wise. 2 To find out the correlations between acceptance of Sterilisation (one of the family planning method) and birth rate, female literacy rate and Total Fertility rate among the community. And also to find out the multiple correlation coefficient with the total correlation coefficients between pairs of variable. 3. To study the improvement in qualitative dimension of family planning programme under Target Free Approach (TFA). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS | FEMALE STERILIZATION | LITERACY | BIRTH RATE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sterilization, Sexual | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Rate Document Number: 194408 |
| 25. Title: Has Canadian contraceptive use really declined? The authors reply [letter] Author: Martin K; Wu Z Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Jul-Aug;32(4):192-4. Abstract: In his article, John Ross contends that the research findings of Zheng Wu and Kelly Martin indicating a decline in contraceptive use are improbable and misleading. It is noted that the research stresses that contraceptive use in Canada underwent a steep decline during the period 1984-95. Ross also raises three questions regarding the method used and the findings of the research. In response to the suggestion that individuals sterilized for medical reasons should not have been excluded from among contraceptive users, Wu and Martin reasoned that they wanted to present findings comparable to those from the first Canadian national fertility studies as well as to those of subsequent research in Canada and in other developed countries. A second concern is that the narrowing of the ratio between tubal ligation and sterilizations for medical reasons seems unlikely. In view of such, Wu and Martin stressed that the difference in the ratios may be due to a number of factors, such as the age distributions of the samples and the education levels of women during the period. Finally, the suggestion that a decline in the overall use of reversible contraception is a result of the decline in the proportion of the cohabiting population, the authors explained that overall union rate has not declined much in Canada. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CRITIQUE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | REVERSIBLE STERILIZATION | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Contraception | Family Planning | Sterilization, Sexual Document Number: 150658 |
| 26. Title: Has Canadian contraceptive use really declined? [letter] Author: Ross J Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 2000 Jul-Aug;32(4):192. Abstract: This paper focuses on the article of Kelly Martin and Zheng Wu, which indicates a decline in contraceptive use in Canada in an 11-year period (1984-95). However, it is noted that the reported decline exists only when noncontraceptive sterilizations are eliminated in both 1984 and 1995. Further explanation shows that since there were more numerous eliminations in 1995, there is an apparent decline; but when they are restored, the decline disappears. In addition, the paper cites that although the article is thoughtful and useful, inclusion of all sterilizations would have altered the claim that Canada has one of the lowest rates of contraceptive use in the developed world. Moreover, this paper questions the finding that there is a change of ratio for tubal ligation and sterilization for medical reasons. Furthermore, it suggests that changes in marriage patterns would have resulted to a real decline in contraceptive use among young single women, instead of only a small decline in reversible methods. In any case, use of the usual measures would have led to the conclusion that protection against pregnancy in Canada has remained steady, at one of the highest levels in the world. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | CRITIQUE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Contraception | Family Planning | Sterilization, Sexual | Marriage | Nuptiality Document Number: 150657 |
| 27. Title: Politics of sterilization. Author: AVSC International Source: New York, New York, AVSC International, 1999. 3 p. (Reproductive Health Facts) Abstract: This article presents views from different organizations, which will help define the appropriate role of sterilization in meeting individual needs and the conditions necessary to do so in accord with medical standards and human rights. Sterilization is a simple, safe, effective surgical procedure that meets the fundamental need for many individuals--the need to permanently prevent future fertility. This contraceptive method enables women and men to exercise their human right to decide their family size. Despite what it can do, there are still many policy questions, and personal beliefs that stir political controversy with the capacity to divide communities. From the different opinions presented here, it can be viewed that sterilization should be made available to any male or female who requests it after receiving appropriate counseling and reaching a decision, based on what is best for the individual aside from the criteria of age, parity or marital status. Furthermore, programs should avoid establishing arbitrary criteria and should interpret guidelines based on the needs of each individual client. However, the Church is opposed to the imposition of limits on family size and to the promotion of methods of limiting births, which separate the unitive and procreative dimensions of marital intercourse. Language: English Keywords: CRITIQUE | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | HUMAN RIGHTS | CONSERVATISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | Family Planning Document Number: 148813 |
| 28. Title: Putting the client first: access to sterilization as a reproductive choice. Author: AVSC International Source: New York, New York, AVSC International, 1999. [2] p. Abstract: AVSC International is the world's leading technical agency working with partners across the globe to improve and expand access to quality voluntary sterilization services as part of reproductive health care. The work of AVSC in the design of service delivery systems, quality assurance, technical advances, policy formulation, and research has provided several programs geared toward building sustainable and safe sterilization services responsive to the rights and health needs of individuals. AVSC has drawn from some of the lessons learned from the previous work in sterilization as efforts were focused on family planning and reproductive health. AVSC contributions in the area of sterilization that are applicable to other reproductive health services include quality and choice of sterilization from 1979 to 1995; safety and technical advances from 1969 to 1999; research from 1971 to 1998; and policy and standards from 1960 to 1999. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | POLICY | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Health Document Number: 148811 |
| 29. Title: Women, men, and contraceptive sterilization. Author: Bumpass L; Thomson E; Godecker AL Source: Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1999. [2], 43 p. (CDE Working Paper No. 99-05) Abstract: This paper reviews social and behavioral issues in the dramatic adoption of contraceptive sterilization as the primary means of contraception. The review focuses on the fertility control environment, in which sterilization is rapidly diffused, and on an array of processes and variables associated with sterilization choice in the literature. In addition, discussions focus on the factors that contribute to higher levels of sterilization among women than among men, difficulties in the conceptualization and measurement of the process of sterilization choice, and factors likely to affect couple certainty about whether to end childbearing and adopt sterilization. Moreover, the multinomial logistic regression analysis is updated with the 1995 National Survey on Family Growth, focusing on the proportions adopting tubal ligation or vasectomy within 5 years of their last wanted birth. Finally, a discussion of major intervening links, which need information for future studies, is given. Language: English Keywords: WISCONSIN | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Sterilization, Sexual Document Number: 146996 |
| 30. Title: Women who are sterilized at age 30 or younger have increased odds of regret. Author: Hollander D Source: Family Planning Perspectives. 1999 Nov-Dec;31(6):308-9. Abstract: This multicenter study conducted among women who underwent sterilization between 1978 and 1987 provides information on the risk of regret in women who were sterilized at age 30 or younger. Data for analysis came from 11,232 racially mixed American women, aged 18-30 at sterilization, who completed at least one follow-up interview and had answered the questions about regret. Overall findings showed that 10% of the women who underwent the procedure, at some time during the following 14 years, regretted having been sterilized; 18% of those whose surgery took place up to 1 year after their last delivery had the same regrets; only 5% among those whose surgery was 8 or more years later had regrets. In addition, levels of regret were also elevated among Black women, unmarried women at sterilization, and among those whose surgery had taken place postpartum (16-22%). Also, women aged 18-30 at sterilization, but not older women, had a steadily declining cumulative probability of regret as the interval between the last birth and the surgery increased. In conclusion, it was confirmed that age and timing of sterilization were important factors in the risk of regret. Thus, there was a need for preoperative counseling to discuss with women the risk factors associated with regret in sterilization surgery. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STERILIZATION SEEKERS | WOMEN | FEMALE STERILIZATION | REGRET | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 146541 |
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