| 1. Title: Attitudes of healthcare providers towards patients with HIV/AIDS in Bandar Abbas. Author: Aghamolaei T; Tavafian SS; Hasani L; Zare S Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2009 May;12(3):298-301. Abstract: We aimed to investigate the attitudes of healthcare providers towards patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Bandar Abbas, south of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 250 healthcare providers completed a 20-item questionnaire from January first through February 30th, 2007. There were five domains of attitudes towards patients with HIV. The items measured as a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The mean age of the healthcare providers was 31.3 (SD=7.3) years. Of them 24.4% were males, 42.4% had received Bachelor of Science degree, 19.2% were physicians, 63.2% were nurses, and 17.6% were laboratory technicians. The respondents had fairly positive attitudes towards patients with HIV. Men, older age, more educated participants, and laboratory technicians had more favorable attitude towards HIV (P<0.05). Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STAFF ATTITUDE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 342660 |
| 2. Title: HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of rural nurses in South Africa. Author: Delobelle P; Rawlinson JL; Ntuli S; Malatsi I; Decock R; Depoorter AM Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2009 May;65(5):1061-73. Abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of nurses in the largely black and rural Limpopo Province of South Africa. BACKGROUND: Studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in developing countries have shown gaps in knowledge and fear of contagion, coupled with ambivalent attitudes in caring for patients with HIV/AIDS and inconsistent universal precautions adherence. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of primary health care (PHC) (n = 71) and hospital nurses (n = 69) was carried out in 2005, using a questionnaire, focus groups and in-depth interviews. FINDINGS: Hospital nurses reported a higher frequency of care for patients with HIV/AIDS (P < 0.05), but less HIV/AIDS training when compared to PHC nurses (P < 0.001). HIV/AIDS knowledge was moderately adequate and associated with professional rank, frequency of care and training (P < 0.001). Attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS were mainly positive and were statistically significantly correlated with HIV/AIDS knowledge (P < 0.01) and training (P < 0.05). Three out of four nurses reported that they practised universal precautions (76.1%), but fear of occupational HIV transmission and lack of injection safety was found. Seven in 10 nurses reported previous needlestick injuries, but postexposure prophylaxis was not available in all healthcare facilities. Participants reported a higher workload because of HIV/AIDS, lack of training impacting negatively on their work, and stigma and shared confidentiality affecting them emotionally.CONCLUSION: There is a need for accelerated HIV/AIDS training of rural nurses and for wider implementation of universal precautions and postexposure prophylaxis availability in public health facilities in southern Africa. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | NURSES AND NURSING | STAFF ATTITUDE | KNOWLEDGE | BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PERCEPTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 342073 |
3.  Title: Concerns, attitudes, and practices of orthopaedic surgeons towards management of patients with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Author: Obalum DC; Eyesan SU; Ogo CN; Enweani UN; Ajoku JO Source: International Orthopaedics. 2009 Jun;33(3):851-4. Abstract: The increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS is causing concern among surgeons over risk of occupationally acquired HIV infection. This may influence their attitude to such patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a cross-sectional survey of orthopaedic surgeons to assess their concerns, attitudes, and practices towards management of HIV-positive patients in Nigeria. All respondents were males, 55 (73.3%) of them indicated concern over the risk of occupational acquisition of HIV infection and 37 (49.3%) had examined or operated on at least one HIV/AIDS patient. Sixty (79.9%) were willing to be tested for HIV and 51 (67.9%) were previously tested. Fifty-seven (75.9%) would order preoperative HIV screening of high risk patients, and 67 (89.3%) would operate on HIV-positive patients. Most orthopaedic surgeons in Nigeria would operate on HIV-positive patients. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CLIENTS | PHYSICIANS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STAFF ATTITUDE | SURGERY | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | MANAGEMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 342674 |
| 4. Title: Attitude of health care workers to patients and colleagues infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Author: Sadoh AE; Sadoh WE; Fawole AO; Oladimeji A; Sotiloye O Source: SAHARA J. 2009 Mar;6(1):17-23. Abstract: Discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS in hospital settings has been documented. This study examined the attitude of health care workers (HCWs) to nurses, doctors and patients infected with HIV. A total of 345 respondents selected by multistage sampling techniques were surveyed, using a semi-structured questionnaire, which explored respondents' attitude to HIV-infected patients and colleagues with HIV/AIDS. HCWs were unwilling to accept that medical procedures be carried out on them by HIV-infected doctors and nurses, with almost 80% refusing surgery or assistance at surgery on them by an HIV-infected doctor or nurse. They were also significantly more unwilling to accept that medical procedures be carried out on them by an infected colleague, compared with their carrying out the same procedure on an HIV-infected patient. Thus, HCWs seemed to believe that the risk of contracting HIV was higher if an infected HCW were to perform medical procedures on them, and fear of contracting HIV seemed to be the driving force for their negative attitudes. Education on occupational risks of HIV, provision of a safe working environment with enforcement of universal precautions, as well as provision of post-exposure prophylaxis are suggested as ways to enable HCWs to change their attitudes. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STAFF ATTITUDE | HIV INFECTIONS | STIGMA | FEAR | HIV TESTING | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Emotions | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 341416 |
| 5. Title: Dental school deans' and dentists' perceptions of infection control and HIV/AIDS patient care: a challenge for dental education in Mexico. Author: Vazquez-Mayoral EE; Sanchez-Perez L; Olguin-Barreto Y; Acosta-Gio AE Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2009 Jul;23(7):557-62. Abstract: HIV/AIDS patients face unique oral diagnostic and treatment challenges. The aim of this investigation among dental school deans (DSD) and graduate school applicants (GSA) who had qualified from 30 different dental schools was to assess their perceptions on dental education relevant to infection control (IC) and HIV/AIDS patient care. The questionnaire included Likert-type scale evaluations of agreement with statements. Of 158 questionnaires, 23 DSD (68% response rate), and 123 GSA (100% response rate) returned valid questionnaires. Fifteen (65%) DSD and 89 (72%) GSA ranked as "very strong" their perception that infection control prevents the transmission of blood borne viruses. However, the perception prevailed, among DSD and GSA, that HIV infection was a "very strong" to "strong" occupational hazard. Special reprocessing of instruments used on HIV patients was frequently reported. Many considered "very strong" to "strong" that HIV/AIDS patients must be treated in specialized clinics, and nearly half (48%) of the DSD and one third (35%) of the GSA stated that their school does refer HIV/AIDS patients to dental treatment in specialized clinics. These results indicate that many dental schools in Mexico must provide better education on IC and HIV/AIDS patient care to enhance attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients. Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | DENTISTS | PERCEPTION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STAFF ATTITUDE | IEC | NEEDS | RISK FACTORS | FEAR | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Attitudes | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Emotions Document Number: 342982 |
| 6. Title: Attitudes to HIV testing among carers of children admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea. Author: Allison WE; Iobuna V; Kalebe V; Kiromat M; Vince J; Schaefer M; Kaldor J Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2008 Nov;44(11):618-21. Abstract: AIM: To assess the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing among the carers of children admitted to hospital in Papua New Guinea. METHODS: Forty semistructured interviews were carried out between February and April 2007. RESULTS: All the carers interviewed were women, mostly from Port Moresby. Virtually all of them attended primary school. About half of them attended secondary school but none completed it. Half of them knew an adult or child with HIV. Three quarters of the women interviewed would consent to having a child in their care tested for HIV, and over half of those who had never been tested would agree to be tested themselves. Correct answers to more than half the HIV knowledge questions posed were significantly related to agreement to an HIV test. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the need for further evaluation of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and opportunities for health promotion in this group of women, particularly in view of the implication for voluntary counselling and testing and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programmes in Papua New Guinea. Language: English Keywords: PAPUA NEW GUINEA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | CHILDREN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HOSPITALS | STAFF ATTITUDE | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | Developing Countries | Oceania | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Facilities | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care Document Number: 330405 |
7.  Title: HIV: death sentence or chronic and manageable disease? Changing attitudes of health providers and politicians towards women living with HIV in India. Author: Anand S Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2008;(2):5-6. Abstract: The Right to Health is universally acknowledged as a human right and Article 21 of the Constitution of India considers it as inherent to the Right to Life. State health-care providers are obliged by law to provide medical treatment to all persons without discrimination of HIV status in emergency and nonemergency situations. A recent assessment by the Positive Women Network (PWN+) on the availability and accessibility of HIV/AIDS care and treatment in India found that health care is greatly influenced by gender and that women and children living with HIV face huge hurdles in accessing treatment and care because of discrimination by government health-care providers. Through focus groups discussions, PWN+ found a discrepancy between the government stance and realities on the ground. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | STAFF ATTITUDE | CHANGES | SOCIAL NETWORKS | INFORMATION NETWORKS | HIV | COUNSELING | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Communication | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Program Evaluation Document Number: 308006 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: The medical profession and the defense and promotion of sexual and reproductive rights. Author: Briozzo L; Faúndes A Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Mar;100(3):291-294. Abstract: The values of the medical profession and other healthcare providers allow assessment of the relationship between physicians, healthcare teams, patients, and healthcare networks regarding the defense and promotion of sexual and reproductive health and rights. This paper questions the traditional model of the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients, based on the classic paternalistic role of the physician. It describes the tools available to the medical profession and healthcare teams for the promotion of sexual and reproductive rights, and proposes specific actions that would lead to improvements for women and communities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | PHYSICIANS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | VALUE ORIENTATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | STAFF ATTITUDE | Americas | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Attitudes Document Number: 324882 |
| 9. Title: Discriminatory attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS by dental professionals in Nigeria. Author: Bukar A; Gofwen R; Adeleke OA; Taiwo OO; Danfillo IS Source: Odonto - Stomatologie Tropicale. 2008 Jun;31(122):34-40. Abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study sought to investigate whether there are discriminatory practices towards HIV/AIDS patients among dental professionals in Nigeria, how receptive are dental professionals and institutions to treating People Living With Aids (PLWA), and what underlying factors if any that may contribute to any discriminatory practices. METHODS AND MATERIALS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in one randomly selected State in each of the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Data collection was by self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about demographic information, general knowledge of HIV/AIDS, adequacy of infection control, fear of occupational exposure, attitudes towards HIV positive patients and areas of need for further training. A total of 75 dental professionals participated in the study. RESULTS: The results of the study suggest that significant number of dental professionals in Nigeria reported attitudes and behaviour towards HIV patients which are discriminatory. CONCLUSION: Further efforts should be made to promote accessibility of discrimination-free quality oral and dental care to this population. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | RESPONDENTS | DENTISTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | FEAR | EXPOSURE | STAFF ATTITUDE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Risk Factors | Attitudes | Social Problems | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329845 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: "We grandmothers know plenty": Breastfeeding, complementary feeding and the multifaceted role of grandmothers in Malawi. Author: Kerr RB; Dakishoni L; Shumba L; Msachi R; Chirwa M Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2008 Mar;66(5):1095-1105. Abstract: This paper has two purposes: first of all, we examine grandmothers' role and views of child feeding practices in northern Malawi, and their influence on younger women's practices. Secondly, we consider the implications of these findings for health promotion activities and models of health education. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a participatory workshop. Findings demonstrate that, to address child feeding practices which have an effect on nutrition, attention must be paid to the broader context that influences child nutrition, including extended family relations. Paternal grandmothers have a powerful and multifaceted role within the extended family in northern Malawi, both in terms of childcare and in other arenas such as agricultural practices and marital relations. Grandmothers often differ in their ideas about early child feeding from conventional Western medicine. Some practices have existed in the area at least since colonial times, and have strong cultural significance. Despite the important integrated role, older women have within households and communities in this part of Malawi, hospital personnel often have disparaging and paternalistic attitudes towards 'grannies' and their knowledge. Health education rarely involves grandmothers, and even if they are involved, their perspectives are not taken into consideration. Hospital staff often reject grandmother knowledge as part of a broader modernization paradigm which views 'traditional knowledge' as backward. Grandmothers view current child health conditions within a broader context of changing livelihood conditions and a high prevalence of HIV/ AIDS. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges of involving grandmothers in health education, and the difficulties of incorporating local knowledge into a medical system that largely rejects it. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | GRANDPARENTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING | BREASTFEEDING | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | INFANT NUTRITION | WORKSHOPS | CHILD CARE | STAFF ATTITUDE | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Nutrition | Education | Child Rearing | Behavior | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Culture Document Number: 324417 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Access to and utilisation of health services for the poor in Uganda: a systematic review of available evidence. Author: Kiwanuka SN; Ekirapa EK; Peterson S; Okui O; Rahman MH; Peters D; Pariyo GW Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008 Nov;102(11):1067-74. Abstract: Inequalities in the burden of disease and access to health care is a prominent concern in Uganda and other sub-Saharan African countries. This is a systematic review of socio-economic differences in morbidity and access to health care in Uganda. It includes published studies from electronic databases and official reports from surveys done by government, bilateral and multilateral agencies and universities. The outcome measures studied were: the distribution of HIV/AIDS; maternal and child morbidity; and access to and utilisation of health services for people belonging to different socio-economic and vulnerability groups. Forty-eight of 678 identified studies met our inclusion criteria. Results indicate that the poor and vulnerable experience a greater burden of disease but have lower access to health services than the less poor. Barriers to access arise from both the service providers and the consumers. Distance to service points, perceived quality of care and availability of drugs are key determinants of utilisation. Other barriers are perceived lack of skilled staff in public facilities, late referrals, health worker attitude, costs of care and lack of knowledge. Longitudinal and controlled studies are needed to see if strategies to improve access to services reach the poor. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | LITERATURE REVIEW | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | DISTANCE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PERCEPTION | STAFF ATTITUDE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Social Class | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Geographic Factors | Population | Health Services Evaluation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Attitudes Document Number: 330409 |
| 12. Title: A retrospective content analysis of studies on factors constraining the implementation of health sector reform in Ghana. Author: Sakyi EK Source: International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2008 Jul-Sep;23(3):259-285. Abstract: Ghana has undertaken many public service management reforms in the past two decades. But the implementation of the reforms has been constrained by many factors. This paper undertakes a retrospective study of research works on the challenges to the implementation of reforms in the public health sector. It points out that most of the studies identified: (1) centralised, weak and fragmented management system; (2) poor implementation strategy; (3) lack of motivation; (4) weak institutional framework; (5) lack of financial and human resources and (6) staff attitude and behaviour as the major causes of ineffective reform implementation. The analysis further revealed that quite a number of crucial factors obstructing reform implementation which are particularly internal to the health system have either not been thoroughly studied or overlooked. The analysis identified lack of leadership; weak communication and consultation; lack of stakeholder participation, corruption and unethical professional behaviour as some of the missing variables in the literature. The study, therefore, indicated that there are gaps in the literature that needed to be filled through rigorous reform evaluation based on empirical research particularly at district, sub-district and community levels. It further suggested that future research should be concerned with the effects of both systems and structures and behavioural factors on reform implementation. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | PUBLIC SECTOR | PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT | STAFF ATTITUDE | HUMAN RESOURCES | POLICY | LEADERSHIP | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Programs | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 307991 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Implementing an advance emergency contraception policy: what happens in the real world? Author: Whittaker PG; Armstrong KA; Adams J Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008 Sep;40(3):162-70. Abstract: CONTEXT: Advance provision of emergency contraception increases the likelihood of its use, yet little is known about the factors that influence successful implementation of an advance provision policy in publicly funded family planning clinics. METHODS: Data on knowledge of, attitudes toward and use of emergency contraception were collected from 211 patients attending four Title X-funded clinics in Pennsylvania in 2001-2002. In addition, 22 staff from the four clinics were interviewed regarding barriers to and facilitators of advance provision in 2004-2005, and 111 staff from 46 clinics completed related surveys in 2005. Qualitative data underwent content analysis, and frequencies and bivariate associations between variables were calculated for the survey data. RESULTS: Most patients said they would use emergency contraception (80%) and believed it should be easy to obtain (93%), although 46% thought it is a form of abortion. Patients' familiarity with the method, attitudes toward it and self-efficacy regarding its use were not associated with most demographic or reproductive health characteristics. While nearly all interviewed staff endorsed routine advance provision, only about half of survey respondents offered it "very often" at patients' initial or annual visits. Barriers to advance provision included staff prejudgment of patients' needs and ability to use the method, time constraints and inefficiencies in clinic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies that may facilitate advance provision of emergency contraception include emphasizing the need for staff to offer it during all patient visits, providing patient-friendly information and streamlining clinic procedures. Language: English Keywords: PENNSYLVANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | PERCEPTION | ABORTION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 329167 Notification |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Knowledge and attitudes of nursing students toward patients living with HIV / AIDS (PLHIV): A Turkish perspective. Author: Bektas HA; Kulakac O Source: AIDS Care. 2007 Aug;19(7):888-894. Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS of nursing students in Turkey. HIV/ AIDS has become one of the most serious health problems in the world. It is important to understand nursing students' knowledge and attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) because the educational preparation of nurses has been known to affect the attitudes of the nurse and the effectiveness of the care provided to PLHIV. The study was conducted with 227 nursing students from the School of Health in Antalya, Turkey during the calendar year 2005/2006. Qualitative and quantitative methods were both used to collect data for the study. Analysis of variance, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis and inductive methods were used in data analysis. The majority of nursing students in this study had a moderate level of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Students correctly answered 64.4% of HIV/AIDS-related questions in the questionnaire (Mean 28.99; SD 7.03 out of 45 points). Scores increased parallel with student grade (F = 26.925; p = 0.000) and age (x/2 (K-W) = 35.117; p = 0.000). Fear of being infected and feelings of pity and empathy were the feelings most commonly indicated by the students. Students who had previous experience in caring for an AIDS patient and had known someone with HIV/AIDS were willing to care for PLHIV. Results underline the need to strengthen education on all aspects of HIV/AIDS. To improve nursing students willingness to care for PLHIV, particular emphasis should be placed on the training of nursing students as skilled nursing staff with humane attitudes towards PLHIV. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NURSES AND NURSING | STUDENTS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | STAFF ATTITUDE | FEAR | EMOTIONS | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 319465 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of people living with HIV: Challenges for health care providers. Author: Bharat S; Mahendra VS Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2007 May;15(29 Suppl 1):93-112. Abstract: A trained health service workforce is critical to ensuring good quality service delivery to people with HIV. There is only limited documented information on the challenges and constraints facing health care providers in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV positive women and men. This paper reviews information on providers' attitudes, motivation and level of preparedness in addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of people living with HIV in the context of the human resources crisis and emerging treatment and prevention strategies. There is a need for significant investment in improving the health infrastructure and providers' ability to take universal precautions against infection in health care settings. Additionally, there is need for comprehensive and appropriate training for health care providers to build their capacity to meet the requirements and expectations of different sub-populations of HIV positive people. This includes not only physicians but also nursesand midwives, who are the primary caregivers for most of the population in many resource-poor settings. Supportive and knowledgeable providers are crucial for helping HIV positive people seek and adhere to treatment, prevent sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies and vertical transmission of HIV and support positive living free from stigma and discrimination. Providers, some of whom may themselves be HIV positive, can make an important difference, especially if they are supported in their working conditions, are knowledgeable about HIV and sexual and reproductive health and have the skills to provide good quality care. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | STAFF ATTITUDE | TRAINING PROGRAMS | HUMAN RESOURCES | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Safety | Public Health Document Number: 317217 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Access to sexual and reproductive health care: Adolescents and young people. Author: Braeken D; Otoo-Oyortey N; Serour G Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007 Aug;98(2):172-174. Abstract: Obstetricians and gynecologists at the FIGO pre-congress workshop on adolescents deliberated on their role as clinicians, educators and advocates in upholding young peoples' sexual and reproductive health rights. Comprehensive services to adolescents should include emergency contraception, safe abortion and also provide care for survivors of sexual violence. Key to successful access to youth friendly services consist of providers' attitudes and addressing consent, confidentiality, evolving capacities of young people and youth participation. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | WORKSHOPS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION LAW | RAPE | STAFF ATTITUDE | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | INFORMED CONSENT | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Education | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Crime | Social Problems | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Ethics | Health Services Document Number: 318816 Notification |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Irreconcilable differences: Health professionals' constructions of adolescence and motherhood. Author: Breheny M; Stephens C Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2007 Jan;64(1):112-124. Abstract: Adolescent motherhood has been associated with negative health outcomes for both adolescent mothers and their children in many studies. Although the link between early motherhood and disadvantage has more recently been questioned, professional understandings continue to focus on hardship and social exclusion. Social constructionism provides a critical approach to the professional constructions of adolescent motherhood. Using discourse analysis, transcripts of individual interviews with 17 New Zealand health professionals working in a variety of settings were analysed to examine the discourses used to construct adolescent motherhood. During the interviews, doctors, midwives, and nurses drew upon 'Developmental' and 'Motherhood' discourses to position adolescent mothers as problematic. The 'Developmental' discourse positions young mothers as 'adolescents' who are naive, distracted, and self-centred, and hence unable to mother correctly. The health professionals also employed a 'Motherhood' discourse that attributes certain behaviours to 'good' mothers. These discourses were drawn upon to illustrate how the characteristics of an 'adolescent' cannot be reconciled with the attributes of a 'good' mother. These constructions have implications for health care provision for adolescent mothers in New Zealand. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEW ZEALAND | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | HEALTH PERSONNEL | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PREGNANT WOMEN | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PERCEPTION | STAFF ATTITUDE | Developed Countries | Oceania | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Attitudes Document Number: 309260 |
| 18. Title: Verbal and physical abuse and neglect as a manifestations of HIV / AIDS stigma in five African countries. Author: Dlamini PS; Kohi TW; Uys LR; Phetlhu RD; Chirwa ML Source: Public Health Nursing. 2007 Sep-Oct;24(5):389-399. Abstract: The objective was to explore the experience of HIV/AIDS-related stigma for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWA) in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, and Tanzania. Descriptive study using 43 focus groups (n = 251 participants), which included male and female PLWA from both rural and urban areas and nurses working with PLWA. Participants were asked to relate incidents of HIV/AIDS-related stigma that they had experienced or observed. Focus group discussions were taped, and data were content analyzed to identify examples of abuse (verbal and physical abuse and neglect) related to HIV/AIDS stigma. Data analysis also explored targets of abuse, abusers, and consequences of abuse. Participant reports documented extensive verbal and physical abuse and neglect or negating (disallowing of access to services and opportunities) experienced by PLWA and observed by nurses caring for them, and identified negative consequences experienced by PLWA whose HIV-positive status was disclosed to family, friends, orcommunity members. Health care workers who encourage PLWA to disclose their HIV status must carefully consider the implications of encouraging disclosure in an environment with high levels of stigma, and must recognize the real possibility that PLWA may experience serious verbal and physical abuse as a consequence of disclosure. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NURSES AND NURSING | STIGMA | PERCEPTION | PHYSICAL ABUSE | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Violence | Aggression | Attitudes | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 319489 |
| 19. Title: Meeting adolescent reproductive health needs in Egypt: Quantitative assessment of youth-friendly clinics. Author: Hilal T; Soliman C; Oraby D Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], Family Health International [FHI], 2007 Dec. 33 p. Abstract: The overall goal of the study is to provide an assessment of the eight UNFPA - supported clinics in order to develop a strategy for enhancing their performance, target RH needs of adolescents and encourage young people to benefit from the services provided in the clinics. The objectives were to: explore the current situation in the selected YFCs particularly the work environment, facilities, supplies, staffing, organization of work, provision of integrated services and quality of basic services; assess the clients' and staff perspectives towards the quality of health services delivered in the clinics and their suggestions for improving it. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | PEER EDUCATORS | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING CENTERS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | TIME FACTORS | STAFF ATTITUDE | PERCEPTION | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Health Services | Population Dynamics | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 326771 |
| 20. Title: Factors impacting on contraceptive use among youth in northern Tshwane: Part 2. Author: Maja TM Source: Health SA Gesondheid. 2007;12(1):39-47. Abstract: Young people are vulnerable to risky behaviors that cause major health problems such as sexual behaviour resulting in early, unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).This study intends to identify and describe factors impacting on the utilisation of contraceptives and contraceptive services among youth in Northern Tshwane. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants who met the set criteria. Two focus group interviews were held with youth who visited the selected health care centres for contraceptives and those who had terminated a pregnancy. The interviews were tape recorded, field notes were made during interviews and these were transcribed verbatim. The findings revealed that a number of factors play a major role in non-utilisation of contraceptives and contraceptive services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | YOUTH | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS | KNOWLEDGE | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | STAFF ATTITUDE | SEX DISCRIMINATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Family Planning Acceptors | Family Planning Programs | Sociocultural Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems Document Number: 318184 Notification |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections and HIV testing among female sex workers in Vietnam. Author: Ngo AD; Ratliff EA; McCurdy SA; Ross MW; Markham C Source: AIDS Care. 2007 Aug;19(7):878-887. Abstract: This qualitative study was conducted to explore health-seeking behaviour for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV testing among female sex workers (FSWs) in the cities of Hanoi and Da Nang, Vietnam. Data were gathered from indepth interviews, focus groups and participant observation. Results suggest that women's decision to seek STI treatment and HIV testing is influenced by the complex interplay of personal risk perceptions, social relationships and community discourse. The women exhibited adequate knowledge of HIV while their knowledge of STIs was limited. They demonstrated high-risk perceptions of HIV, but they showed little concern for STIs. Most women sought treatment at pharmacies when they noticed symptoms of the genital tract. Their decision to seek care in health facilities and HIV testing was hampered by the high costs of treatment, judgmental attitudes of service providers, and a lack of information on testing services. Future interventions need to focus on strengthening knowledge of STIs and the STI-HIV association, and increasing awareness of HIV counselling and testing services. Training for STI service providers including pharmacies and private practitioners on sex-worker friendly and non-judgmental services and counselling skills should be emphasized to provide timely diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and to refer women to HIV testing. (author's) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HIV TESTING | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | KNOWLEDGE | RISK ASSESSMENT | PRICES | STAFF ATTITUDE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Attitudes | Psychological Factors Document Number: 319464 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Barriers to care seeking in directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) clinics and tuberculosis control in southern Nigeria: A qualitative analysis. Author: Okeibunor JC; Onyeneho NG; Chukwu JN; Post E Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2007;27(1):23-37. Abstract: An understanding of the socioeconomic and cultural realities of persons infected with tuberculosis (TB) in communities is important to re-strategizing control programs because these realities often come as constraints to the use of the directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) in Nigeria. In-depth interviews and focus group discussion were used to study barriers to attendance at DOTS clinics for both prompt diagnosis and treatment of smear positive cases in Nigerian communities. A number of common and interrelated factors form barriers to use of DOTS clinics. These include perceived causes of the infection, for example witchcraft, that mitigate against an orthodox solution to TB and thereby affect perceived efficacy of DOTS. Another factor is perceived high cost in resource poor settings. Facility staff were noted to have demanded money from patients in spite of the fact that DOTS is advertised as free treatment. Furthermore, community members complain of the hostile attitude of health staff toward poor people as a barrier to community use of the facilities. It follows, therefore, that the attitude of health workers must be addressed if community members will use the DOTS clinics. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | CLIENTS | TUBERCULOSIS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY SHORT-COURSE (DOTS) | HEALTH | BEHAVIOR | STAFF ATTITUDE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Infections | Diseases | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Attitudes | Psychological Factors Document Number: 322632 |
| 23. Title: Nurses’ approaches towards sexuality of adolescent patients in Turkey. Author: Rana Y; Kanik A; Ozcan A; Yuzer S Source: Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2007 Apr;16(4):638-645. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the approaches regarding sexuality of nurses caring for adolescent patients in Turkey. The sample includes nurses caring for adolescent patients in hospitals located in major cities of Turkey. There were 571 responses from the 783 nurses who were given the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of three sections. The instrument used in this study was developed by Wall-Haas. Multiple analyses of variance in SPSS version 11.5 was used in the comparison of the scores obtained from the instrument. Approximately 69% of nurses stated that concerns about sexuality should be a routine component of nursing care; 70.5% of nurses stated that nursing interventions dealing with concerns about sexuality increases the patient's well being. About 70% stated that discussing sexual issues with children is the responsibility of their parents. Half of the nurses had difficulty in initiating a discussion about sexuality with their patients. The findings in this study point out that the nurses' approaches towards adolescent sexuality are rather conservative. They were not comfortable talking about issues of sexuality with adolescent patients. The nurses were aware of the importance of sexuality for an adolescent patient; however, they were not able to reflect this awareness in their practice. The aim of this study is to draw the nurses' attention to adolescent sexuality and to review their attitudes towards sexuality. Hence, the nurses will be able to notice their difficulties related to sexual issues and cope with them. As a result, they will be able to give holistic care to their patients. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | NURSES AND NURSING | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUALITY | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | PERCEPTION | BELIEFS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | ATTITUDES | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Data Analysis | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Communication Document Number: 317682 |
| 24. Title: Observations as a doctor in a TB hospital [letter] Author: Schulz S Source: South African Family Practice. 2007 Jun;49(5):4. Abstract: Something that struck me when working in a TB hospital was the marked difference between the enthusiasm of patients to get their ARV treatment compared with that for TB. I was intrigued by the fact that some patients queued to get one set of pills and defaulted on the other. TB has been around for a long time and is so to speak passé. It was not always so. Literature and Art glamourised the consumptive. As improved living conditions led to the virtual disappearance of the disease, so TB became forgotten in Europe. This is still largely so, despite the massive resurgence that we see now. HIV on the other hand is a relatively new disease with much attention from the media. Indeed, there are parallels with TB, where TV stars, sportsmen and pop singers with HIV/AIDS are now the ones being glamourised. The successes of ARV treatment have been widely publicised, despite the fact that they have been available to but a few. Many people in poorer circumstances still die from the disease. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | NURSES AND NURSING | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | TUBERCULOSIS | HOSPITALS | HIV INFECTIONS | COMPLICATIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | USER COMPLIANCE | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Health Facilities | HIV | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 319505 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Identifying barriers to emergency contraception use among young women from various sociocultural groups in British Columbia, Canada. Author: Shoveller J; Chabot C; Soon JA; Levine M Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2007 Mar;39(1):13-20. Abstract: Despite advances related to the provision of emergency contraception in Canada, particularly the granting of independent prescriptive authority to pharmacists in 2000, little is known about the ways in which women perceive potential barriers to using it. In 2004, an ethnically diverse sample of 52 women living in Greater Vancouver participated in interviews that were analyzed for an assessment of women's knowledge, attitudes and experiences related to emergency contraception, with particular attention to the ways in which ethnicity affected their stories. Participants generally misperceived emergency contraception as an abortifacient, and often mistakenly thought that it has long-term effects on health and fertility. Knowledge gaps regarding reproductive physiology impeded clear understanding of when it is most effective. Participants also reported receiving subtle and sometimes overtly stigmatizing messages from providers when they sought emergency contraception. Asian and South Asian women were particularly concerned about negative interactions with providers; for example, they feared that female providers from their sociocultural community might recognize, chastise or gossip about them. Institutional policies (e.g., a Catholic hospital's refusal to provide the method), coupled with low awareness of pharmacists' prescriptive authority, also created barriers to use. Women's ability to benefit from emergency contraception is hampered by lack of knowledge and conservative cultural or social mores. Serious contextual and structural shifts are required before woman-centered approaches to provision of the method become the norm. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | YOUTH | ETHNIC GROUPS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | OBSTACLES | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | STIGMA | STAFF ATTITUDE | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Cultural Background | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 314232 |
| 26. Title: Maternal perception of premature birth and the experience of pre-eclampsia pregnancy. Author: Souza NL; Araujo AC; de Azevedo GD; Jeronimo SM; Barbosa Lde M; de Sousa NM Source: Revista de Saúde Pública. 2007 Oct;41(5):704-710. Abstract: The objective was to analyze maternal experiences of preeclampsia pregnancy with premature birth at a neonatal intensive care unit. A qualitative study using the focus group technique was conducted with 28 women in a facility specialized in high-risk pregnancies in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in 2004. Mothers included had had preeclampsia during pregnancy and a preterm delivery with consequent hospitalization of their baby at a neonatal intensive care unit. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis of three thematic nuclei subjects: information about preeclampsia during prenatal care; experiences with the preterm newborn, and their perception of neonatal intensive care unit professionals' attitudes. Maternal reports showed subjects' lack of knowledge with regard to preeclampsia and its association with prematurity. Difficulties inherent to the maternal role of caring for the child in the neonatal intensive care unit were identified, accentuated by communication flaws between health professionals and users. Some difficulties experienced by the mothers, in the context of preeclampsia and prematurity, were aggravated by lack or inadequacy of information provided to the users. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | PERCEPTION | PREECLAMPSIA | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREGNANCY, HIGH RISK | ANTENATAL CARE | HEALTH EDUCATION | ATTITUDES | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Education | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 324118 |
| 27. Title: Cultural competence: an international perspective [editorial] Author: Tombros A; Jordan B; Monterroso ME Source: Contraception. 2007 May;75(5):325-327. Abstract: Cultural competence has become a ubiquitous catchphrase as health care providers confront inequalities in care, particularly those prompted by differences in race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. It can affect everything from institutional policies and procedures to personal interactions between patients and providers. Cultural competence is not simply a matter of social pleasantries; rather, it has real-life consequences for health outcomes. Studies show that integrating ethnic and socioeconomic considerations into a practical care plan improves patient compliance. Providers everywhere have an obligation to integrate cultural competence into practice to improve, if not save, their patient's lives. Providers must examine their own practices, looking inward to understand how their biases and perceptions affect care, and looking outward to identify how they can improve their patient's experience and outcomes. Many hospitalized indigenous Guatemalan women suffering from maternal complications endure terrifying experiences due to inadequacies in culturally competent care. Native communities such as Mayans, K'iche and Kaqchikel account for approximately 40% of Guatemala's 13 million people, but the country's difficult history of inequality and racism has created significant barriers for these populations. Historically, Guatemala's stratified society with a Ladino (citizens of European descent) majority in social and economic control has left the indigenous populations marginalized. Native Guatemalan women visiting hospitals fear being sterilized without consent, a method of maintaining authority sometimes utilized by powerful majorities in socially unbalanced cultures. Guatemala recognizes 23 distinct Amerindian languages, most of which are markedly different from the Spanish spoken by Ladinos, making communication impossible at times. These collective barriers, in the absence of culturally competent care, make receiving medical attention an alienating and frightening, if not impossible, experience forcountless women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GUATEMALA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | CULTURE | BELIEFS | STAFF ATTITUDE | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 315381 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Attitude towards MRI safety during pregnancy. Author: Alorainy IA; Albadr FB; Abujamea AH Source: Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4):306-309. Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been in clinical use for more than two decades. At the time of introduction of this important diagnostic tool, there were many concerns about its safety and the effects of the different types of magnetic fields utilized in MRI on the body tissues. Safety of MRI in pregnancy, however, was and still is one of the important concerns. There is an extensive body of literature on the issue of safety of MRI during pregnancy and overall the results indicate that there is no significant evidence of harm or injury to the fetus from exposure to a magnetic field during MRI. However, there is at the same time no proof of safety and further research in this area is still needed to reach a solid conclusion. It is not easy to ascertain safety of MRI during pregnancy or otherwise with retrospective or prospective data because there are a near infinite number of possible combinations of factors that influence the risk, such as static magnetic field strength, gradient magnetic field and radiofrequency energy variability, and scan time. Furthermore, confounding factors responsible for the high rate of spontaneous abortion in humans are not possible to control throughout pregnancy when studying exposure to magnetic field in early pregnancy. With the growing indications for MRI during pregnancy, there is a real necessity for an established institutional policy controlling exposure of pregnant patients to a magnetic field. Such a policy should provide appropriate medical care to the mother and fetus and avoid exposure of the unborn fetus to undue risk. We studied the attitude of radiology staff in Saudi Arabia towards safety issues concerning MRI during pregnancy. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SAUDI ARABIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | INFANT | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | STAFF ATTITUDE | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | SAFETY | PREGNANCY | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | PROCEDURES | SCREENING | INFORMED CONSENT | Developing Countries | Middle East | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Public Health | Reproduction | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Organization and Administration Document Number: 324448 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: [Kangaroo Mother Care in public hospitals in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil: an analysis of the implementation process] O Metodo Mae Canguru em hospitais publicos do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil: uma analise do processo de implantacao. Author: Colameo AJ; Rea MF Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2006 Mar;22(3):597-607. Abstract: This study analyzed the implementation of the Kangaroo Mother method in 28 different São Paulo State public hospitals. Teaching hospitals, Baby-Friendly Hospitals, hospitals with human milk banks, and those with more than 12 trained health professionals showed higher implementation scores. Because of staff resistance to family participation in neonatal care, the Kangaroo Mother method is basically applied in-hospital. Changes in the initial training, including manager awareness-raising and proper financial resource allocation, are necessary for implementation, follow-up, assessment, and feedback. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | PROGRESS REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MOTHERS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | BONDING | HUMAN MILK | PROGRAM EVALUATION | CLIENT-STAFF RATIO | HOSPITALS | CLIENT-STAFF RELATIONS | STAFF ATTITUDE | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Interpersonal Relations | |