1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Building capacity and community resilience to HIV: A project designed, implemented, and evaluated by young Lao people. Author: Hoy D; Southavilay K; Chanlivong N; Phimphachanh C; Douangphachanh V Source: Global Public Health. 2008 Jan;3(1):47-61. Abstract: A partnership was formed between a mass youth organization, a national HIV coordinating committee, and an international agency, to implement an HIV capacity building project in the youth sector of Lao PDR. Involving the local community in situation analysis, planning and skills-building was a key focus of the project. District project working teams were trained in situation analysis, strategic planning, proposal development, and the implementation of HIV prevention activities. Young village volunteers were trained in participatory research, analysis, and behaviour change communication to promote HIV prevention. After 6 years, the partnership used qualitative methods to evaluate the local outcomes of the project. We found that district project working teams and young volunteers had improved skills in the areas in which they had been trained. Communities and local government workers had developed greater understanding of the HIV situation in their districts, and expressed a strong sense of ownershipover their activity plans. Young people more readily acknowledged personal risk of HIV infection and were more comfortable talking about sexually transmitted infections. Although there were challenges to sustaining project activities in some areas, we found that our approach helped to engage youth and build their resilience to HIV in this country of low prevalence. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LAOS | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | HIV PREVENTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | SOCIAL PLANNING | PROMOTION | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior Change | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Program Sustainability | Programs | Economic Factors | Marketing Document Number: 325322 |
2.  Title: Strategic mapping: a consensus-based approach to strengthening program implementation. Author: Diallo I; Tawfik L; Pruyn N Source: Arlington, Virginia, Management Sciences for Health [MSH], Advance Africa Project, 2005 May. [85] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-00-00002-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADE-470) Abstract: Implementing family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) programs in sub-Saharan Africa has become an increasingly complex challenge for program managers. The purpose of family planning has been expanded and refocused over the last few decades. Reproductive health is a new challenge in the context of HIV/AIDS. New approaches to managing programs in the short-term are increasingly useful. Planning for the short-term (a year or less) requires a flexible approach such as that provided by Strategic Mapping. Strategic Mapping gives FP/RH programs the tools that allow them, in a short period and at low cost, to assess the performance of, or specific aspect of, a project or program in order to identify gaps and opportunities for repositioning their programs. Managers today, in all fields including public health, are swamped with massive amounts of data and information. It is difficult to filter and select that which is necessary to make the right decisions at the right time. When we recognize that the ultimate goal of any decision is its effective application and successful outcome, we will understand that it is crucial to ensure the full involvement of the potential stakeholders in decision-making. The real challenge is finding the most effective ways and means to involve a maximum number of stakeholders in decisions and deliver expected results in a timely manner. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | IMPLEMENTATION | SOCIAL PLANNING | MONITORING | EVALUATION | DATA COLLECTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Developing Countries | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Research Methodology Document Number: 292769 |
| 3. Title: Gender and integrated area development projects: lessons from Cato Manor, Durban. Author: Beall J; Todes A Source: Cities. 2004;23(4):301-310. Abstract: The paper examines whether integrated area development projects are particularly well placed to recognize the complexity and diversity of gender relations and provide important space for gender sensitive planning and practice. It recounts the case of the Cato Manor project in Durban, South Africa, where despite no explicit focus on gender in design, practices were remarkably consistent with the prescriptions of the urban gender planning literature. It is argued that a multi-sectoral and integrated approach offers space for innovation and close attention to local dynamics. Hence, despite a disjuncture between planning and implementation, a nuanced gender-aware approached emerged. There were also limitations and these are highlighted, recognizing feminist critiques of area-based development that show gender-aware practice is not automatic. In the case of Cato Manor, it depended on facilitative political and policy conditions, politically empowered and organized women, and gender-aware professionals. Nevertheless, the area-based focus of the project was also helpful. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | URBAN AREAS | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | GENDER ISSUES | HOUSING | FEMINISM | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL PLANNING | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution Document Number: 283594 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Participation of African social scientists in malaria control: identifying enabling and constraining factors. Author: Ngalame PM; Williams HA; Jones C; Nyamongo I; Diop S Source: Malaria Journal. 2004;3:[9] p.. Abstract: The objective was to examine the enabling and constraining factors that influence African social scientists involvement in malaria control. Convenience and snowball sampling was used to identify participants. Data collection was conducted in two phases: a mailed survey was followed by in-depth phone interviews with selected individuals chosen from the survey. Most participants did not necessarily seek malaria as a career path. Having a mentor who provided research and training opportunities, and developing strong technical skills in malaria control and grant or proposal writing facilitated career opportunities in malaria. A paucity of jobs and funding and inadequate technical skills in malaria limited the type and number of opportunities available to social scientists in malaria control. Understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction, recruitment and retention in malaria control is necessary for better integration of social scientists into malaria control. However, given the wide array of skills that social scientists have and the variety of deadly diseases competing for attention in Sub Saharan Africa, it might be more cost effective to employ social scientists to work broadly on issues common to communicable diseases in general rather than solely on malaria. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SOCIAL WORKERS | POLICYMAKERS | SOCIOLOGY | MALARIA PREVENTION | SOCIAL POLICY | SOCIAL PLANNING | SATISFACTION | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Social Problems | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Social Sciences | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Policy | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Activities | Programs Document Number: 282010 |
| 5. Title: 1978: a good year, but a vintage past its best. Author: Rhodes G Source: Health Policy. 2004 Mar;67(3):241-244. Abstract: This article is intended to stimulate debate. Where does public health planning in developing countries need to go if it is to focus on the challenges of meeting the health needs of the poor and increasing the accountability and performance of health services? The article concludes that Alma Ata vintage public health planning has frozen many health ministries in a non-monetarised world. The effects, are systematic obstacles to using many technologies available in other sectors to improve accountability and performance through better business planning and control. High time for an Alma Ata II Conference. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EGYPT | RESEARCH REPORT | PUBLIC HEALTH | SOCIAL PLANNING | PROGRAMS | Africa, Northern | Africa | Developing Countries | Health | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration Document Number: 190865 |
| 6. Title: Advancing economic, social, and cultural rights: the way forward. Author: Robinson M Source: Human Rights Quarterly. 2004;26:866-872. Abstract: A timely and significant debate has begun on how nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other civil society actors can most effectively influence states and third party actors to progressively implement their economic, social, and cultural (ESC) rights obligations. The debate is timely because too little attention has been paid in the past to this important area of human rights work. It is significant because it can help energize a human rights community worldwide that has felt battered and bruised by the erosion of international standards protecting civil and political rights in our post–September 11 world. It is even more noteworthy because the debate has begun in the United States, where skepticism about the full international human rights agenda has been strongest. During my five-year term as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, I emphasized that we had entered a new era for human rights following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. We had an opportunity to move on from the sterile years when Western countries focused almost exclusively on the importance of civil and political rights and used these in their critique of Soviet bloc countries and many developing countries, while those countries in turn emphasized economic and social rights while rejecting criticism of their political structures and lack of civil rights protection. The time had finally come to take the two sets of rights equally seriously, as the drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights intended, and to find the most effective ways to promote and protect them. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | GOVERNMENT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | HUMAN RIGHTS | UNHCR | ADVOCACY | SOCIAL POLICY | SOCIAL PLANNING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Political Factors | Organizations | UN | International Agencies | Communication | Policy | Education | Economic Factors Document Number: 279952 |
| 7. Title: Universal human rights: the contribution of Muslim states. Author: Waltz S Source: Human Rights Quarterly. 2004;26:799-844. Abstract: It is often supposed that international human rights standards were negotiated without active participation by Middle Eastern and Muslim states. That was not the case. United Nations records document the contributions of Arab and Muslim diplomats from 1946–1966. Diplomats from the Islamic world did not always agree with each other, but their various contributions resulted in the assertion of a right to self-determination, the most comprehensive statement of universality, culturally sensitive language about religious beliefs, and a separate article promoting gender equality. Initially they proposed robust mechanisms for implementation, and they actively opposed the isolation of socioeconomic rights into a separate covenant. Not all of their efforts were successful, and not all of their positions were liberal. While their role as participants and promoters of human rights should not be exaggerated, neither should it be discounted. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CRITIQUE | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | HUMAN RIGHTS | UN | CULTURE | POLITICAL FACTORS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | ISLAM | INEQUALITIES | MARRIAGE | SOCIAL PLANNING | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Agencies | Organizations | Religion | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nuptiality Document Number: 279951 |
| 8. Title: Blueprint for refugee integration: a focus on women and youth. Author: International Rescue Committee. Community Collaboratives for Refugee Women and Youth Source: New York, New York, International Rescue Committee, Community Collaboratives for Refugee Women and Youth, [2003]. 16 p. Abstract: The Blueprint for Refugee Integration is a guide explaining what elements should be in place in a community for the successful integration of refugee women and youth. The Blueprint is one outcome of a series of needs assessments conducted by IRC Technical Advisors in six sites across the country: Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Phoenix, Raleigh and Salt Lake City. The needs assessments were conducted in an effort to ascertain the needs of refugee women and youth across five sectors: health, education, employment, community participation and site environment. All six needs assessment reports can be found at www.theirc.org/community. From the data collected in the needs assessments, the Technical Advisors distilled the aspects in the sites which contributed to high refugee integration as well as those aspects which would have encouraged integration had they been present, in order to develop the Blueprint. In each section of the Blueprint, examples from site visits are given. The Blueprint will be most useful to refugee service providers, community service providers and any other individuals and institutions working with refugees. It will assist program planners from various agencies in designing and implementing services for refugee women and youth. Finally, for policy-makers and funders, it offers a solution-oriented presentation of the needs of refugee women and youth. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MANUAL | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | REFUGEES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | YOUTH | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | CULTURE | EMPLOYMENT | EDUCATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Organization and Administration | Social Behavior | Behavior | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 191046 |
| 9. Title: Knowledge and learning in online communities in development: a social capital perspective. Author: Cummings S; Heeks R; Huysman M Source: Manchester, England, Institute for Development Policy and Management, 2003. 24 p. (Development Informatics Working Paper No. 16) Abstract: The paper examines whether the concept of social capital can be applied to facilitate our understanding of online networks in development. It first argues that knowledge and learning are important to development and development actors. Much of the knowledge generation and social learning in development takes place in networks. These networks, now increasingly going online, thus have an important role to play in facilitating social learning and the improvement of development practices. Although there seems to be a general feeling that these online networks are a positive force in development, there are many unknowns about these networks, partly because they are in their infancy. New ideas and tools are needed to facilitate our understanding. The concept of social capital has been applied to examine the functioning of groups and societies. More recently, it has also been applied to development and to online networks outside development. Given this background, it may offer a useful approach for increasing understanding of online networks in development. With this objective in mind, three nondevelopment approaches for examining social capital in online networks and communities are reviewed. Elements of these approaches, into which development-related aspects are incorporated, are combined to produce a framework which aims to facilitate the analysis of social capital in online networks in a development context. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | THEORETICAL STUDIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | INTERNET | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | INFORMATION NETWORKS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | HUMAN CAPITAL | SOCIAL NETWORKS | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Communication | Economic Factors | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Human Resources | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Policy Document Number: 191063 |
| 10. Title: Global leprosy elimination: time to change more than the elimination target date [editorial] Author: Durrheim DN; Speare R Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2003 May;57(5):316-317. Abstract: We cannot afford to further dilute the resources necessary for effective leprosy control. Available polymerase chain reaction technology should be more actively harnessed to assist our understanding of the epidemiology of this ancient disease, particularly the contributory role of subclinical infection to disease persistence in specific settings. A sustained effort is clearly merited in those countries that are still to achieve the dubious elimination level, but an energetic refocusing of efforts should occur in countries that have achieved “elimination” to identify endemic districts. Recent research in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa confirmed marked heterogeneity of leprosy occurrence “post-elimination” and suggested that within high risk districts all treated patients and their intimate contacts should be included in an active surveillance programme to ensure early diagnosis of subsequent cases and prevention of disability. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | LEPROSY | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Bacterial and Fungal Diseases | Infections | Diseases | Economic Factors Document Number: 179029 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: US given more time to consider cheap drugs deal for poor nations. Author: Fleck F Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2003 Feb 15;326(7385):353. Abstract: Trade negotiators said on Monday they needed more time to persuade the United States to agree to a revised deal that would give African and other poor nations access to cheap, lifesaving drugs. Negotiators for the 144 member countries of the World Trade Organization failed to meet their deadline of reaching agreement by the end of 2002 after the United States, under pressure from its powerful pharmaceutical lobby, blocked the deal. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | AFRICA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | AFRICA, NORTH | LOW INCOME POPULATION | DRUGS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | SOCIAL PLANNING | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Treatment | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 175703 |
| 12. Title: How to mobilize communities for health and social change. Author: Howard-Grabman L; Snetro G Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Health Communication Partnership [HCP], [2003]. xii, 264 p. (USAID Grant No. GPH-A-00-02-00008-00) Abstract: This field guide has been designed to be used by health program directions and mangers of community-based programs who are considering using community mobilization to improve health at the individual, family, and community level. It may also be useful for directors and technicians in governmental and nongovernmental organizations committed to community health, such as churches, universities, philanthropists, and donors. No prior community mobilization experience is require to use the field guide, but any experience that you have will enhance your understanding. The field guide contains illustrative examples and lessons learned in community mobilization experiences from around the world, focusing on working with disadvantaged or marginalized groups in developing countries. The characteristics of each country and each region are very different, so the field guide does not recommend a unique strategy for community mobilization but offers instead general principles and methods which will need to be adapted to local settings and conditions. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BOLIVIA | VIETNAM | PHILIPPINES | PERU | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL CHANGE | SOCIAL PLANNING | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | South America, Western | Social Development | Economic Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 191220 |
| 13. Title: Setting global health research priorities. Burden of disease and inherently global health issues should both be considered [editorial] Author: Labonte R; Spiegel J Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2003 Apr 5;326(7392):722-723. Abstract: Global health research outside a context in which policy makers, civil society, and the media are engaged risks generating more knowledge but little action. To minimise this, we suggest several principles by which global health research might be prioritised: Research on inherently global health issues that reduce the burden of disease, and vice versa. Research that represents concerns or questions defined by developing countries. Research that increases equity in health outcomes between groups within nations. Research that solidly engages civil society. Research that increases equity in knowledge capacities between developed and developing countries. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | PUBLIC HEALTH | SOCIAL PLANNING | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | Health | Economic Factors | Technology Document Number: 177485 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Gendered practices and landscapes in the Andes: the shape of asymmetrical exchanges. [Prácticas y paisajes discriminados por género en los Andes: perfil de los intercambios asimétricos] Author: Paulson S Source: Human Organization. 2003 Fall;62(3):242-254. Abstract: This article describes practices and relations of farming, herding, and cooking that produce and reproduce people and places in culture-specific ways in one region of the central Andes. It also explores how these practices have been changing in relation to regional and global processes surrounding agricultural modernization. The study begins with a look at the degradation of steep slopes and the reduced productivity and social value of women who manage these slopes for small livestock grazing and fuel wood collection. Starting with an ethnographic exploration of local practices and relations of difference, the scope widens to encompass asymmetrical relations of exchange at play in markets, migrations, and development projects, and to consider political decisions and policies that contribute to the uneven terrain on which these exchanges take place. Implications for environmental management and conservation include methodological options for approaching environmental problems as integrally social and ecological and for considering these problems in multiscale frames of reference that allow us to examine links among local phenomena and regional or global processes. (author's) Spanish Abstract: Este artículo describe las prácticas y las relaciones de agricultura, pastoreo y cocina que producen y reproducen pueblos y lugares de maneras específicas a su cultura en una región de los Andes centrales. Además explora el modo en que estas prácticas han variado en relación con los procesos regionales y globales que rodean la modernización agrícola. El estudio comienza con una mirada a la degradación de las pendientes pronunciadas y a la reducción de la productividad y delvalor social de las mujeres que manejan estas pendientes para el pastoreo de animales pequeños y recolección de madera combustible. A partir de la exploración etnográfica de las prácticas locales y las relaciones de diferencia, se amplía el campo de estudio para abarcar las relaciones asimétricas de intercambio en juego en los mercados, las migraciones y los proyectos de desarrollo, y para considerar las decisiones políticas y las políticas que contribuyen a la disparidad del terreno en el que se desarrollan estos intercambios. Las consecuencias para la gestión y conservación del medio ambiente incluyen opciones metodológicas para un enfoque conjunto de los problemas ambientales y sociales y para considerarlos en marcos de referencia de escalas múltiples que permitan la evaluación de vínculos entre los fenómenos locales y los procesos regionales o mundiales. (del autor) Language: English Keywords: BOLIVIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | AGRICULTURAL WORKERS | RURAL POPULATION | AGRICULTURE | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | ANIMALS | FORESTS | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | MIGRATION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | ECOLOGY | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | SOCIAL PLANNING | GENDER ISSUES | WOMEN'S STATUS | CULTURE | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | MODERNIZATION | Developing Countries | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Environment | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Population Dynamics | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change Document Number: 185556 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Generating political will for safe motherhood in Indonesia. Author: Shiffman J Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2003 Mar;56(6):1197-1207. Abstract: In 1987 an international conference brought global attention to an issue that previously had been ignored: the world’s alarmingly high number of maternal deaths in childbirth. The conference ended with a declaration calling for a reduction in maternal mortality by at least half by the year 2000. As the deadline approached, safe motherhood activists lamented the fact that the world was nowhere near to achieving this objective. They attributed this failure to a variety of causes, but were in agreement that the medical technology was available to prevent maternal deaths in childbirth, and the key was generating the political will to make such technology widely available to women in developing countries. What ‘political will’ means, however, has been left as an unopened black box. What causes governments to give priority to the issue of safe motherhood, given that national political systems are burdened with thousands of issues to sort through each year? In marked contrast to our extensive knowledge about the medical interventions necessary to prevent maternal death, we know little about the political interventions necessary to increase the likelihood that national leaders pay meaningful attention to the issue. Drawing from a scholarly literature on agenda setting, this paper identities four factors that heighten the likelihood that an issue will rise to national-level attention: the existence of clear indicators showing that a problem exists; the presence of effective political entrepreneurs to push the cause; the organization of attention-generating focusing events that promote widespread concern for the issue; and the availability of politically palatable policy alternatives that enable national leaders to understand that the problem is surmountable. The paper presents a case study of the emergence, waning and re-generation of political priority for safe motherhood in Indonesia over the decade 1987–1997, to highlight how these four factors interacted to raise safe motherhood from near obscurity in the country to national-level prominence. While there are contextual factors that make this case unique, some elements are applicable to all developing countries. The paper draws out these dimensions in the hope that greater knowledge surrounding how political will actually has been generated can help shape strategic action to address this much neglected global problem. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | MATERNAL MORTALITY | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL HEALTH | SOCIAL PLANNING | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 175711 |
| 16. Title: Politics of abortion delays $15 billion to fight global AIDS. Author: Stolberg SG Source: New York Times. 2003 Mar 6;:[3] p.. Abstract: There are two main problems. First, Democrats and Republicans are at odds over how much money should go to a global fund to fight AIDS. The White House wants $200 million this year, but some Democrats, notably Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts, a presidential hopeful, want more, as much as $1 billion. Perhaps more important, the initiative has gotten caught up in the complex politics of abortion in the wake of a recent decision by President Bush involving the so-called "global gag rule." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | AIDS PREVENTION | FUNDS | ABORTION | INTEREST GROUPS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL PLANNING | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning Document Number: 175982 Notification |
| 17. Title: Asian and Pacific population situation thoroughly examined by officials. Source: Population Headliners. 2002 Nov-Dec;(291):3, 4. Abstract: During the Senior Officials Segment of the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference from l I to 14 December, the status of the population of the region has been thoroughly examined from every possible angle. Over the course of three days, a wide range of eminent population and development experts, including the authors of the Conference papers, have been looking into the matter, giving a review of the situation, putting forward diagnoses and prescriptions, the later usually in the form of specific recommendations. Each of the 12 topics discussed over three days in the plenary session also gave rise to numerous questions and statements by delegates, usually reporting on the progress accomplished, since the Fourth APPC and the ICPD, by their own country in the area considered. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | POPULATION | POVERTY | POPULATION GROWTH | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developing Countries | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors Document Number: 177503 |
| 18. Title: Truck drivers help pregnant women. Source: BBC News. World Edition. 2002 Dec 9;:[3] p.. Abstract: Villagers in parts of Western Africa have come up with an ingenious way of helping pregnant women get to hospital. They place yellow flags on the side of major roads to literally flag down passing truck drivers. The drivers transport the women to hospital, which can sometimes be hundreds of miles away. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, WESTERN | PREGNANT WOMEN | MATERNAL MORTALITY | IPPF | TRANSPORTATION | COMMUNITY RELATIONS | SOCIAL PLANNING | COORDINATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | International Agencies | Organizations | Economic Factors | Group Processes | Social Behavior | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 174496 |
| 19. Title: U.S. loses vote at population conference. Bush administration's stance on abortion and condom use rejected at population conference. Author: Associated Press Source: New York, New York, ABC News, 2002 Dec 17. 2 p. Abstract: The United States lost a vote at an international conference Tuesday as Asia-Pacific countries rejected the Bush administration's stand against abortion and condom use among adolescents. The vote was held at the end of the U.N.-sponsored Asian and Pacific Population Conference, which adopted a plan of action on population policies in a bid to reduce poverty in the region. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WORLD POPULATION CONFERENCES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | ABORTION | SOCIAL PLANNING | VALUE ORIENTATION | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Fertility Control, Postconception | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 175161 Notification |
| 20. Title: Report on the implementation of Commission Resolution 54/4 on mobilization of human and financial resources for further implementation of actions to achieve the population and development goals of the ESCAP region. (Item 15 (c) of the provisional agenda, Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, Senior Officials Segment, 11-14 December 2002, Bangkok. Author: United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] Source: Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP, 2002 Nov 18. [11] p. (E/ESCAP/PRUD/SAPPC/16) Abstract: The Commission, at its fifty-fourth session, held at Bangkok in April 1998, adopted resolution 54/4 on mobilization of human and financial resources for further implementation of actions to achieve the population and development goals of the ESCAP region, and directed the secretariat to report on the implementation of this resolution at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference. The present document briefly describes the significant activities undertaken by the secretariat in implementing the resolution. The actions that have been taken by the countries of the region since the Fourth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, held in Bali, Indonesia, in 1992, as well as further action required, have been analysed and presented in the background document prepared for the present Conference assessing the progress and challenges in implementing the Bali Declaration on Population and Sustainable Development and the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. Progress in mobilizing domestic and external resources for population issues in the countries of the Asian and Pacific region has been reported in document E/ESCAP/PRUD/SAPPC/14, entitled "Resource mobilization in the ESCAP region". The present note should be read in conjunction with these two documents. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ASIA | OCEANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | POPULATION | HUMAN RESOURCES | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | Economic Factors | Communication | Economic Development | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 175896 |
| 21. Title: Infant and young child nutrition. Global strategy on infant and young child feeding. Author: World Health Organization [WHO] Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2002 Apr 16. Prepared for Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly. Provisional agenda item 13.10. 18 p. (A55/15) Abstract: The aim of this strategy is to improve – through optimal feeding – the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the survival of infants and young children. The strategy’s specific objectives are: to raise awareness of the main problems affecting infant and young child feeding, identify approaches to their solution, and provide a framework of essential interventions; to increase the commitment of governments, international organizations and other concerned parties1 for optimal feeding practices for infants and young children; to create an environment that will enable mothers, families and other caregivers in all circumstances to make – and implement – informed choices about optimal feeding practices for infants and young children. The strategy is intended as a guide for action; it is based on accumulated evidence of the significance of the early months and years of life for child growth and development and it identifies interventions with a proven positive impact during this period. Moreover to remain dynamic, successful strategy implementation will rely on keeping pace with developments, while new clinical and population-based research is stimulated and behavioural concerns are investigated. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | CHILD | INFANT | INFANT NUTRITION | CHILD NUTRITION | INTERVENTIONS | SOCIAL PLANNING | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors Document Number: 179964 |
| 22. Title: U.N.: Family planning spurs growth in poor nations. Author: Arieff I Source: London, England, Reuters, 2002 Dec 3. 2 p. Abstract: Developing countries can fuel economic expansion and boost productivity by investing in family planning and reproductive health services, the U.N. Population Fund said Tuesday. "Better health, including reproductive health, and education contribute to economic growth," the fund, known as UNFPA, said in the 2002 edition of its annual "State of World Population" report. "This year for the first time the report shows solid evidence that actions that reduce fertility also help produce economic growth and reduce poverty," said Thoraya Obaid, the UNFPA's executive director. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | POPULATION PROGRAMS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POVERTY | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | SOCIAL PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Population Control | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases Document Number: 175160 |
| 23. Title: Excerpts from speech by ex American President, William J. Clinton at the closing ceremony. Author: Clinton WJ Source: AIDS Asia. 2002 Jul-Aug;4(4):12-13. Abstract: We cannot lose the war on AIDS, and win our battles to enhance global health, reduce poverty, promote stability, advance democracy and increase the peace and prosperity of the world. We must make people understand their personal interest in ending AIDS. Because the future course of the AIDS epidemic will depend on whether people of privilege begin to look beyond our differences, come to see our common humanity and stop denying to others what we claim for ourselves. If the world comes to this understanding, it would bring a dramatic global increase in support for the very efforts you have discussed and outlined this week. But neither that understanding, nor any dramatic new initiatives will come without greater leadership. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | SOCIAL PLANNING | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | COMMUNICATION PROGRAMS | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors | Health | Communication Document Number: 176576 |
| 24. Title: Fostering compliance with reproductive rights. Author: Cook RJ Source: In: An agenda for people: the UNFPA through three decades, edited by Nafis Sadik. New York, New York, New York University Press, 2002. :47-80. Abstract: This chapter explains the various mechanisms for fostering compliance with different rights relating to reproductive and sexual health, and explores programming options for fostering such compliance. The chapter is not exhaustive, but exploratory; recognizing that much more discussion is needed to address this issue adequately. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | RECOMMENDATIONS | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | GOVERNMENT | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | UN | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTIVENESS | DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | DECISION MAKING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | CRIME | SOCIAL PLANNING | POPULATION POLICY | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Human Rights | International Agencies | Organizations | Financial Activities | Policy | Family Planning Program Evaluation | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Ethics | Health | Behavior | Education | Social Problems | Social Policy Document Number: 184558 |
| 25. Title: U.S. defends family planning policies at Bangkok conference. Author: Corben R Source: Washington, D.C., Voice of America, 2002 Dec 16. 2 p. Abstract: The United States has been defending its aid policy on family planning at an international conference in Bangkok. Delegates at the fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference say Washington's concerns about abortion are already being addressed. The American delegation faced criticism Monday over Washington's concerns about using abortion as a means of family planning. The U.S. team defended Washington's family planning aid, amid diplomatic skirmishes in Bangkok over whether abortion was a key element of an international family planning agreement reached in Cairo in 1994. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WORLD POPULATION CONFERENCES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | ABORTION | SOCIAL PLANNING | VALUE ORIENTATION | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Fertility Control, Postconception | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 175162 Notification |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Institutional determinants of the impact of community-based water services: evidence from Sri Lanka and India. Author: Isham J; Kahkonen S Source: Economic Development and Cultural Change. 2002 Apr;50(3):667-691. Abstract: The objective of this article is to start unravelling that question by analyzing selected institutional determinants of the impact and performance of community-based water services. Using quantitative and qualitative data from 1,088 rural households and 50 water committees, this study investigates how service rules and practices, social capital, and governmental and nongovernmental organization institutions affect the impact and performance of services supported by three projects in Sri Lanka and India that are financed by the World Bank. In this article, we focus on measuring and econometrically analyzing selected aspects of project design and implementation, such as the importance of community participation in service design and decision making. This article is also one of the first to measure and econometrically analyze the effect of social capital on the impact of community-based water services. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SRI LANKA | INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | WATER SUPPLY | IMPACT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | DECISION MAKING | SOCIAL PLANNING | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Natural Resources | Environment | Communication | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Economic Factors Document Number: 174079 |
| 27. Title: South Africa. State softens stance on anti-retroviral drugs. Author: Khumalo S Source: Mercury. 2002 Dec 12;:2. Abstract: The government's stance on the use of antiretroviral drugs is increasingly softening, with Deputy President Jacob Zuma saying their use could improve the condition of people living with Aids. This represents a major shift in the government's position, which had been that anti-retroviral drugs were toxic. The government had therefore questioned the efficacy of the drugs. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | TREATMENT | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL PLANNING | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Drugs | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors Document Number: 174391 |
| 28. Title: Precious resources: adolescents in the reconstruction of Sierra Leone. Participatory research study with adolescents and youth in Sierra Leone, April - July 2002. Author: Lowicki J; Pillsbury AA; Haxhikadrija A Source: New York, New York, Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, 2002. [140] p. Abstract: Young people call on the international community—especially the government of Sierra Leone and United Nations agencies—nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and their communities to place young people’s concerns and their capacities at the center of recovery efforts. Recognizing that they were at the center of the war, they believe they must be at the center of peacemaking and reconstruction. Without better support and respect for their rights, young people will become more angry and disaffected, and are likely to become a major source of new unrest. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SIERRA LEONE | SUMMARY REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | WAR | VIOLENCE | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | IMPACT | EDUCATION | HEALTH | ECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIAL PLANNING | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Behavior | Communication Document Number: 173485 |
| 29. Title: Promoting adherence to TB treatment [letter] Author: Maher D Source: Africa Health. 2002 Sep;24(6):2. Abstract: The results of Cochrane reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) need careful interpretation, regarding the methodology and relevance of the RCTs reviewed. The need to take patient's preferences for treatment supervision into account is a consideration in random allocation design. In supporting district health services, tuberculosis programmes have to make available options for treatment supervision from which patients can choose one which is convenient, accessible and acceptable. Random allocation of patients is incompatible with considering patients' preferences. Failure to take into account patients' preferences may have led to failure to achieve better than the fairly low cure or treatment-completed rates reported in the RCT of patient treatment supervision in Pakistan. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | TUBERCULOSIS | TREATMENT | SOCIAL PLANNING | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Infections | Diseases | Economic Factors Document Number: 176794 |
| 30. Title: Pakistan. Empowering women to alleviate poverty. Author: Mustafa W Source: Real Lives. 2002 Jul;(8):41. Abstract: The poverty alleviation programme was started in Pakistan in 1999 as a good entry point into the community. The focus areas were rural Lahore and the suburbs of Badin, Kohat and Peshawar. Several studies show that there is a linkage between women's economic empowerment and decision-making generally and particularly with regard to fertility control. Larger families and unemployment are the main reasons for poverty. By February 2002, the Family Planning Association of Pakistan (FPAP) had distributed Rs 1, 092, 500 (US$ 18,200) to 198 borrowers mostly women. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | PROGRESS REPORT | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | POVERTY | PROGRAMS | SOCIAL WELFARE | SOCIAL PLANNING | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Organization and Administration Document Number: 174272 |
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