1.  Title: Creating healthy families in Nepal: sustaining family planning practices among marginalized groups. Author: CORE Group Source: CORE Group, Washington, D.C., 2009 Mar. Abstract: This case study documents the sustainable activities and interventions of a USAID Flexible Fund Program, Valued Behavior for Healthy Families-A Model for Social Inclusion, that was implemented by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communications Programs through Save the Children/US in Nepal. Sustainable activities are defined here as those activities or practices that have been continued or improved after the project ended. The Valued Behavior project aimed to help women and couples from disadvantaged groups in Nepal realize their reproductive intentions through: a) increased knowledge and interest in family planning services through NGO involvement; b) improved quality of family planning (FP) services delivered by providers in selected facilities and the community; c) increased community access to FP services; and d) improved social and policy environment for FP and reproductive health services and behavior. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | KNOWLEDGE | FAMILY PLANNING | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POLICY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 328782 |
2.  Title: Philani program: a case study of an integrative approach of empowerment and social and economic development. Author: Austin SA; Mbewu N Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):148-60. Abstract: This article reports a case study of a South African nongovernmental organization's role in implementing maternal and child health care services for families in Khayelitsha, an informal township in the Western Cape. The township is an extremely poor community with high unemployment and many other social indicators of high need. The case study explores how services were enhanced to respond to the service needs of children and families. The role of economic development as a means of empowering the mothers is examined within the context of nongovernmental organization services. The implications of developing services that integrate social and economic development are discussed as a model for social work practice in the United States. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | POVERTY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | SOCIAL POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Women's Status | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy Document Number: 341952 |
| 3. Title: Pediatric emergency and critical care in low-income countries. Author: Baker T Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2009 Jan;19(1):23-7. Abstract: The United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 4 is to reduce the global under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015. Achieving this goal requires substantial strengthening of health systems in low-income countries. Emergency and critical care services are often one of the weakest parts of the health system and improving such care has the potential to significantly reduce mortality. Introducing effective triage and emergency treatments, establishing hospital systems that prioritize the critically ill and ensuring a reliable oxygen delivery system need not be resource intensive. Improving intensive care units, training health staff in the fundamentals of critical care concentrating on ABC - airway, breathing, and circulation - and developing guidelines for the management of common medical emergencies could all improve the quality of inpatient pediatric care. Integration with obstetrics, adult medicine and surgery in a combined emergency and critical care service would concentrate resources and expertise. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | EMERGENCY SERVICES | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases Document Number: 330534 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals for South Africa: challenges and priorities. Author: Chopra M; Lawn JE; Sanders D; Barron P; Abdool Karim SS; Bradshaw D; Jewkes R; Abdool Karim Q; Flisher AJ; Mayosi BM; Tollman SM; Churchyard GJ; Coovadia H Author: Lancet South Africa team Source: Lancet. 2009 Sep 19;374(9694):1023-31. Abstract: 15 years after liberation from apartheid, South Africans are facing new challenges for which the highest calibre of leadership, vision, and commitment is needed. The effect of the unprecedented HIV/AIDS epidemic has been immense. Substantial increases in mortality and morbidity are threatening to overwhelm the health system and undermine the potential of South Africa to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However The Lancet's Series on South Africa has identified several examples of leadership and innovation that point towards a different future scenario. We discuss the type of vision, leadership, and priority actions needed to achieve such a change. We still have time to change the health trajectory of the country, and even meet the MDGs. The South African Government, installed in April, 2009, has the mandate and potential to address the public health emergencies facing the country--will they do so or will another opportunity and many more lives be lost? Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | POLITICAL FACTORS | LEADERSHIP | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HEALTH SERVICES | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sociocultural Factors | Organization and Administration | Planning | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs Document Number: 342958 |
| 5. Title: Measuring progress towards millennium development goals by province in populous countries [editorial] Author: Clements AJ; Clements CJ Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2009 Feb;27(1):1-3. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | AIDS PREVENTION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | FOOD SECURITY | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Women's Status | Food Supply | Natural Resources | Environment Document Number: 331130 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Migrant visions of development: a gendered approach. Author: Dannecker P Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15:119-132. Abstract: In this article the current debate on migration and development is critically discussed. It will be shown that development as a multidimensional process is hardly ever conceptualised. The diversity of migration flows and patterns and the gendered structure of these processes are leading to different development visions which are hardly ever addressed or related to development. The analysis of the development visions of temporary male and female labour migrants from Bangladesh will reveal that migration experiences and the new connections and networks give rise to new identifications and development visions. The negotiations of these visions locally may initiate cultural, social and political transformations in the countries of origin, which do not necessarily correspond with the development visions articulated by other national and international actors involved. Language: English Keywords: ASIA, SOUTHERN | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRATION | LABOR MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GENDER ISSUES | ISLAM | RELIGION | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328760 |
| 7. Title: The right to contraception and the wrongs of restrictive services. Author: Edouard L Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 1; Abstract: Rights come with responsibilities for individuals, service providers, and purveyors. The operationalization of the right to contraception, for universal access to a wide range of effective methods, necessitates very different but complementary interventions. A rights-based approach should aim to respect, protect, and fulfill rights. The wishes of individuals concerning childbearing necessitate informed choice, access to services, and lack of prejudice. Equity should be addressed through the strengthening of health systems, especially primary health care, with emphasis on the needs of underserved populations. Official pronouncements on population issues necessitate commitments. A philosophy of rights is particularly useful for service implementation, including the introduction of new contraceptive methods, by addressing the responsibilities of duty bearers and the claims of right holders. With the rights to and overwhelming health benefits of contraception, it is imperative to reverse the wrongs of limited reproductive health services. Language: English Keywords: ALGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GOALS | SEXUALITY | HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 341047 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Advances in development reverse fertility declines. Author: Myrskyla M; Kohler HP; Billari FC Source: Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):741-3. Abstract: During the twentieth century, the global population has gone through unprecedented increases in economic and social development that coincided with substantial declines in human fertility and population growth rates. The negative association of fertility with economic and social development has therefore become one of the most solidly established and generally accepted empirical regularities in the social sciences. As a result of this close connection between development and fertility decline, more than half of the global population now lives in regions with below-replacement fertility (less than 2.1 children per woman). In many highly developed countries, the trend towards low fertility has also been deemed irreversible. Rapid population ageing, and in some cases the prospect of significant population decline, have therefore become a central socioeconomic concern and policy challenge. Here we show, using new cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the total fertility rate and the human development index (HDI), a fundamental change in the well-established negative relationship between fertility and development as the global population entered the twenty-first century. Although development continues to promote fertility decline at low and medium HDI levels, our analyses show that at advanced HDI levels, further development can reverse the declining trend in fertility. The previously negative development-fertility relationship has become J-shaped, with the HDI being positively associated with fertility among highly developed countries. This reversal of fertility decline as a result of continued economic and social development has the potential to slow the rates of population ageing, thereby ameliorating the social and economic problems that have been associated with the emergence and persistence of very low fertility. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | FERTILITY DECLINE | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | POPULATION REPLACEMENT | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Decrease | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Migration Document Number: 342781 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Temporary migration and changing family dynamics: implications for social development. Author: Rahman M Source: Population, Space and Place. 2009;15(2):161-174. Abstract: Drawing upon longitudinal data, this research documents the relationship between migration and development by highlighting the conditions which promote changes in social and familial relations, social positioning, and intergenerational relationships within the families who experience temporary outmigration and the return of at least one male member. The fieldwork data (based on two surveys) derive from research conducted on Bangladeshi temporary migrants in Singapore and in an 'origin' village in Bangladesh in 2001 and 2006. The study reports that male labour migration has contributed to social changes in their own families and villages over time that are most likely to stimulate, in turn, macro-changes in Bangladeshi society in the long run. Language: English Keywords: SINGAPORE | BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | LABOR FORCE | MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY LIFE | SOCIAL MOBILITY | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Studies | Research Methodology | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Family Characteristics Document Number: 328737 |
| 10. Title: Sexual trafficking in Nepal: constructing citizenship and livelihoods. Author: Richardson D; Poudel M; Laurie N Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2009 Jun;16(3):259-278. Abstract: Sexual trafficking is a priority issue for many governments and has increasingly become a focus for debate within the academy. Despite this, many aspects of sexual trafficking remain poorly understood. In this article we focus on an area that has received scant attention in the literature: the situation of trafficked women when they return home and, specifically, the livelihood opportunities available to them as they experience differing notions of citizenship. In addition to the fact that there has been very little attempt to document poverty alleviation strategies post-trafficking, within the mainstream development literature little attention has also been given to questions of sexuality and how they relate to development and poverty reduction strategies. The aim of this article, therefore, is to seek to highlight a new research agenda and to develop an interdisciplinary framework to understand what we have termed 'the sexual politics of poverty'. Bringing together distinct literatures on sexual citizenship and sustainable livelihoods we develop our analysis of these themes through a focus on the livelihood opportunities and strategies of returnee trafficked women in South Asia, drawing on policy analysis at national and regional levels and qualitative research carried out in Nepal. In particular, the Nepal case study highlights problems with skills training for returnee women and examines the relationship between marriage and sustainable livelihood opportunities. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | CRITIQUE | WOMEN | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | LIVELIHOOD | NATIONALITY | POVERTY | RETURN MIGRATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | STIGMA | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Population Dynamics | Domestic Violence Document Number: 341981 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Unintended consequences: exploring the tensions between development programs and indigenous women in Mexico in the context of reproductive health. Author: Smith-Oka V Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009;68:2069-2077. Abstract: This article offers a case study of the politics of reproduction present between development programs, medical practitioners, and population policies in Mexico. It particularly explores how these policies have shaped indigenous women's family planning choices. It analyzes the unintended consequences that emerge from the interaction between indigenous women, medicine, and an economic development program-Oportunidades. The study was based on participant observation and in-depth interviews carried out between 2004 and 2007 with 53 women, as well as doctors and nurses, in northern Veracruz. Results show that the close association of government policies with medical practitioners serves to constrain women's reproductive decisions. Medical practitioners use this association to promote the state's concern for family planning, unintentionally disempowering their target population. This article uses a political economy of fertility framework to look at broader processes affecting women's choices beyond thepersonal or domestic level. Such a framework allows us to analyze these connections and place women's reproductive rights within a larger struggle for human rights and dignity. Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POLITICAL FACTORS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Human Rights | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 340202 |
| 12. Title: The art of coalition building: A population, health, and environment consortium in Ethiopia. Author: Zuehlke E; Bremner J Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Apr. [1] p. Abstract: For more than a decade, PRB has nurtured national and international coalitions that address population, maternal and child health, global health priorities, and the environment. Sharing the successes and challenges of coalitions in similar contexts can motivate and instigate new coalitions. This article captures the experiences from a newly formed but rapidly advancing coalition focused on population, health, and environment issues in Ethiopia, with the hope that their experience will be valuable to similar nascent groups in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. (Excerpt). Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | SUMMARY REPORT | POPULATION GROWTH | PUBLIC HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Natural Resources | Environment | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Communication Document Number: 331348 |
| 13. Title: Intimate relations: Sex, lives and poverty. A resource for policy makers and programmers working in population and development. Author: Asia-Pacific Alliance Source: [Bangkok, Thailand], Asia-Pacific Alliance, 2008. [47] p. Abstract: The New Zealand Coalition of the Asia Pacific Alliance, advancing the ICPD agenda proudly presents a new resource: Intimate Relations: Sex, Lives and Poverty. This resource has been created as a tool to highlight how sexual and reproductive health is crucial to achieve quality development (or more specifically, the MDGs). With a Pacific flavour, the resource highlights the issues and provides a set of questions to guide policy-makers and programmers in thinking about sexual and reproductive health in all that they do. Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | GOALS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | FOREIGN AID | EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING | ENVIRONMENT | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Planning | Programs | Financial Activities Document Number: 331849 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Assessment of the health system and policy environment as a critical complement to tracking intervention coverage for maternal, newborn, and child health. Author: Countdown Working Group on Health Policy and Health Systems Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr 12;371(9620):1284-1293. Abstract: In 2008, the Countdown to 2015 initiative identified 68 priority countries for action on maternal, newborn, and child health. Much attention was paid to monitoring country-level progress in achieving high and equitable coverage with interventions effective in reducing mortality of mothers, newborn infants, and children up to 5 years of age. To have a broader understanding of the environment in which health services are delivered and health outcomes are produced is essential to increase intervention coverage. Programmes to address MNCH rely on health systems to generate information needed for effective decisions and to achieve the expected outcomes. Governance and leadership are needed throughout the process not only to create policies and implement them but also to assure quality and efficiency of care, to finance health services sufficiently and in an equitable way, and to manage the health workforce. We present a systematic approach to assess the wider health system and policy environment neededto achieve positive outcomes for maternal, newborn, and child health. We report on results from 13 indicators and show gaps in policy adoption as well as weaknesses in other health system building blocks. We identify areas for future action in measurement of key indicators and their use to support decision making. We hope that this information will provide an additional dimension to the discussions on feasible and sustainable solutions to accelerate progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, both at the global level but most importantly in individual countries. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | EXPENDITURES | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs Document Number: 326155 |
| 15. Title: Reforming marriage practices in Bangladesh. Author: Amin S Source: New York, New York, Population Council, 2008 Jan. [4] p. (Promoting Healthy, Safe, and Productive Transitions to Adulthood Brief No. 31) Abstract: Marriage customs in Bangladesh vary by region, complicating national-level efforts to eliminate some of the more harmful practices, such as early marriage and dowry demands, that undermine the status of women. Efforts to reform such a complex and multidimensional institution as marriage must consider economic concerns, social traditions, and social activism. Dowry demands-in addition to exacting an intolerable financial toll on poor households-have in extreme cases led to gruesome crimes, such as murder or assaults on women whose families could not meet escalating dowry costs. Early marriage-often involving girls as young as 10-has been widely recognized in Bangladesh and elsewhere as a human rights offense. The Bangladesh penal code includes many sanctions against harmful marriage practices: The Child Marriage Restraint Act dates back to 1921; dowry payments were first banned in 1980, and sanctions were further strengthened in 1985. Men who ask for dowry at marriage can face fines and imprisonment. Yet because both age at marriage and dowry are related to competitive processes in the marriage market, the brute force approach of legal bans and sanctions has not proven sufficient to curtail these harmful practices. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | PROGRESS REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | CHILD MARRIAGE | DOWRY | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 326789 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: The linked survival prospects of siblings: Evidence for the Indian states. Author: Arulampalam W; Bhalotra S Source: Population Studies. 2008;62(2):171-190. Abstract: This paper reports an analysis of micro-data for India that shows a high correlation in infant mortality among siblings. In 13 of 15 states, we identify a causal effect of infant death on the risk of infant death of the subsequent sibling (a scarring effect), after controlling for mother-level heterogeneity. The scarring effects are large, the only other covariate with a similarly large effect being mother's (secondary or higher) education. The two states in which evidence of scarring is weak are Punjab, the richest, and Kerala, the socially most progressive. The size of the scarring effect depends upon the sex of the previous child in three states, in a direction consistent with son-preference. Evidence of scarring implies that policies targeted at reducing infant mortality will have social multiplier effects by helping avoid the death of subsequent siblings. Comparison of other covariate effects across the states offers some interesting new insights. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SIBLINGS | INFANT | SURVIVORSHIP | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD SURVIVAL | SEX FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX PREFERENCE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 327734 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual and reproductive health: Completing the continuum. Author: Bernstein S; Say L; Chowdhury S Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr 12;371(9620):1225-1226. Abstract: The addition of a new target (5.B) to have universal access to reproductive health by 2015 to Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 "Improve maternal health" has given renewed priority to addressing care related to the health outcomes of MDGs 4 and 5, and to redressing the large disparities in coverage of health services between and within countries. The analyses and country profiles of the Countdown to 2015 papers in today's Lancet properly address the full range of necessary interventions from before pregnancy to the start of the third year of life. The original neglect of reproductive health and family planning in MDGs contributed to decreased attention, reduced funding, and increased risks for women and children. The data presented in the Countdown to 2015 paper show the effect of this lost focus. Poor sexual and reproductive health contributes to poor survival of mothers and children and to ill health among survivors, and impedes gender equality and poverty reduction. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | CRITIQUE | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD MORTALITY | ANTENATAL CARE | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | MONITORING | RECOMMENDATIONS | Developing Countries | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Contraception | Family Planning | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Evaluation Document Number: 326148 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Parliamentarians: Leading the change for maternal, newborn, and child survival? Author: Bustreo F; Johnsson AB Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr 12;371(9620):1221-1222. Abstract: Political will, and the translation of that will into political and legislative action, is essential to ensuring maternal, newborn, and child survival. Recognising this necessity, the Countdown to 2015 initiative and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) are teaming up on the occasion of the IPU Assembly convening in Cape Town next week. The Countdown to 2015 initiative focuses on the 68 countries that account for 97% of maternal and child deaths worldwide. It aims to improve accountability at the global and country level by including stakeholders from the health sector, governments, and civil society organisations. A key finding of the Countdown to 2015 report is that, although 16 of 68 countries are on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, many more are not progressing fast enough. The interventions that are crucial to attaining these goals have not yet achieved a sustained and equitable coverage among the population. Additionally, the funding provided to maternal, newborn, and child health, although increasing in the past 4 years, is still insufficient. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | LEGISLATION | HEALTH POLICY | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD SURVIVAL | CHANGES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Survivorship | Length of Life | Social Change Document Number: 326146 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Using immunization delivery strategies to accelerate progress in Africa towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Author: Clements CJ; Nshimirimanda D; Gasasira A Source: Vaccine. 2008 Apr;26(16):1926-1933. Abstract: Integration of health services brings together common functions within and between organizations to solve common problems, developing a commitment to a shared vision and goals, and using common technologies and resources to achieve these goals. Integration has been the frustrated rally call of Primary Health Care for 30 years. This paper discusses the process of integrating child survival strategies and other heath services with immunization in Africa. Immunization is arguably the most successful health programme throughout the continent, making it the logical vehicle for add-on services. Strong health systems are the best way of delivering cost-effective child survival interventions in a most sustainable manner. But the reality in many African countries is that health systems have been weak for a number of reasons. Joining additional cost-effective child survival interventions on to immunization services may provide the needed boost. The unacceptably high childhood mortality in parts of Africa makes it the ideal location to undertake this exercise. The urgency to scale-up child survival interventions that have proven cost-effective is especially important if the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are to be met by 2015. Africa has more to loose than most in failing to scale up to meet these goals, bearing as it does the highest burden of childhood mortality in the world. But so far, prospects do not look good for achieving MDG-4 for the countries with the highest mortality rates. The timeliness of this initiative towards integration could not be better. In the last five years, countries in Africa have received massive injections of financial resources for polio eradication and measles control as well as additional funding for a range of immunization-strengthening activities and the introduction of new and under-utilized vaccines. While the data to support integration are limited, the information to hand suggests the effectiveness of the strategy. Where immunization performance is strong, immunizationcontacts may be excellent vehicles for additional interventions such as de-worming or Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). But where an immunization service is struggling, adding another child survival intervention on to immunization might be the straw that breaks its back. Health managers have a wide range of options for adding on to immunization services, but the best choice will depend very much on local situations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | CHILD SURVIVAL | HEALTH SERVICES | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | IMMUNIZATION | CAMPAIGNS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Communication Programs | Communication | Programs Document Number: 325531 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Are the goals set by the Millennium Declaration and the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development within reach by 2015? Author: Concepcion MB Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. Aug;23(2):3-9. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | WORLD POPULATION CONFERENCES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GOALS | FOOD SUPPLY | FOOD SECURITY | MALNUTRITION | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | POVERTY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Natural Resources | Environment | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 331304 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Albania: Trends and patterns, proximate determinants and policies of fertility change. Author: Gjonca A; Aassve A; Mencarini L Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(11):261-292. Special Collection 7: Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe. Abstract: For a very long time, Albania has had one of the highest levels of fertility in Europe: in 2002 the total fertility rate of 2.2 children per woman was the highest in Europe. Although this current level is high, the country has experienced a rapid fertility reduction during the last 50 years: a TFR decline from 7 to 2.2. This reduction has occurred in the absence of modern contraception and abortion, which indicates the significance of investments in the social agenda during the communist regime that produced policies with indirect effects on fertility. Most significant of these were policies focused on education, in particular on female education. Social and demographic settings for a further fertility reduction in Albania have been present since 1990. Contraception and abortion have been legalized and available since the early 1990s, but knowledge of their use is still not widespread in the country, largely due to the interplay between traditional and modern norms of Albanian society. This chapter points out that future fertility levels will be determined not only by new policies that might be introduced, but predominantly by the balance of this interplay. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ALBANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | INTERMEDIATE VARIABLES | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | POPULATION POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | CULTURE | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Migration | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327530 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Countdown to 2015: A report card on maternal, newborn, and child survival. Author: Horton R Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr;371(9620):1217-1219. Abstract: The four papers published this week-on coverage, equity, financing, and policy, informed by the two detailed country analyses from South Africa and Tanzania - provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive scientific assessment yet of progress towards international goals for reducing maternal, new born, and child mortality. They represent a substantial step forward in scope and outcomes from the first Countdown report, presented in London in 2005. Concerted global action on maternal, newborn, and child survival, together with a renewed commitment to reproductive health, all triggered by this unprecedented collaboration between scientists, agencies, and civil society, has mobilised a new era of inter nation al and country action to address these neglected aspects of human health. The key messages from these reports deserve emphasis. Only 16 of 68 priority countries are on track to reach Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 on child survival (to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015). Despite notable successes - eg, China's achievement of on-track status and increases in immunisation coverage-this incremental progress since 2005 is disappointing. Africa remains a particular focus of concern. At least half of maternal and child deaths take place in sub-Saharan Africa. There are critical gaps in contraceptive services, skilled birth attendance, and clinical management of newborn and child illnesses. Opportunities are being missed-for example, preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV during antenatal care. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | CHINA | SUMMARY REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD SURVIVAL | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Family Planning Document Number: 326144 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Feminism, conflict, and disasters in post-tsunami Sri Lanka. Author: Hyndman J Source: Gender Technology and Development. 2008;12(1):657-65. Abstract: Social relations, including gender, are destabilized by conflict and disaster. Approaches informed by feminist thought illustrate this by probing the ways in which different identities and locations produce inequality, violence and disparate power relations. In this article, a feminist approach to development and disasters is advocated. In Sri Lanka, a country at war on and off for more than two decades, the social impact of the 2004 tsunami cannot be divorced from the pre-existing landscape with its layers of conflict, nationalism and economic disparities. This article explores the ways in which the tsunami changed people's relations of home, family and security for those who lost a spouse. Interviews with 40 widows and widowers along the east coast of Sri Lanka in February 2006 suggest that the tsunami not only reorganized gender relations among specific ethno-national groups, but also changed the meaning of 'widow' with war widows and tsunami widows positioned differently within post-tsunami society and across ethnic groups. The study shows that men with surviving young children who lost their wives view remarriage as highly desirable. The Sri Lankan government's policy of no-build buffer zones along this coast has also increased insecurity with many people still living in temporary accommodation two years after the tsunami. The prospect of remarriage for widowed women is fraught, yet more appealing as a way to mitigate insecurity than it was pre-tsunami. The author argues that a 'feminism and disaster' lens should be coupled with a 'feminism and development' approach to understanding change in the wake of the tsunami. Focusing on gender alone is insufficient. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | WIDOWED | NATURAL DISASTERS | SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | CHANGES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Environment | Psychology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Economic Factors Document Number: 329284 |
| 24. Title: Multisectoral youth RH interventions: The scale-up process in Kenya and Senegal. Author: Joyce S; Askew I; Diagne AF; Diop N; Evelia H Source: Washington, D.C., Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program, 2008 Oct. 15 p. (FRONTIERS Program Brief No. 13USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00012-00) Abstract: Beginning in 1999, the Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS) conducted operations research (OR) studies that tested the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of a public-sector, multisectoral intervention to enhance young people's reproductive health knowledge and behavior. Study findings showed improvement in young people's reproductive health behavior and knowledge, successful engagement of government ministries, and increased understanding of the reproductive health needs among communities. Communities and the participating ministries in both Kenya and Senegal expressed interest in incorporating elements from these interventions into their routine operations. FRONTIERS and its local partners launched follow-on projects in both countries to adapt, expand, institutionalize, and scale up the activities. This Program Brief describes the processes involved in institutionalizing and scaling up the multisectoral interventions. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SENEGAL | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | RISK FACTORS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | YOUTH PROGRAMS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Education | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331365 |
| 25. Title: Catalysing Change: improving youth sexual and reproductive health through DISHA Programme in India. Author: Kanesathasan A; Cardinal LJ; Pearson E; Das Gupta S; Mukherjee S; Malhotra A Source: Washington, D.C., International Centre for Research on Women [ICRW], 2008. [40] p. Abstract: In addition to providing youth with sexual and reproductive health information and services, the Development Initiative Supporting Healthy Adolescents programme sought to tackle the social and economic constraints that often limit their choices and actions. Through implementation of DISHA, evidence suggests that such a large-scale, integrated programme holds potential and promise for improving young people's sexual and reproductive health. For example, married youth who were exposed to the DISHA programme were nearly 60% more likely to report current use of modern contraceptives than non-exposed youth. Moreover, the DISHA programme offers important insights on how to implement a large scale integrated programme in India and elsewhere. This report examines the accomplishments and limitations of implementing DISHA, summarizes the key findings from assessing DISHA's impact on youth and adults, and analyzes efforts to strengthen NGO capacity to carry out a multisectoral approach to youth sexual and reproductive health programming. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | EVALUATION REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | PEER EDUCATORS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Health | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Program Evaluation | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Behavior | Marriage | Nuptiality Document Number: 323164 |
| 26. Title: Social exclusion and the gender gap in education. Author: Lewis M; Lockheed M Source: Washington, D.C, World Bank, Human Development Network, Chief Economist's Office, 2008 Mar. 38 p. (Policy Research Working Paper No. 4562) Abstract: Despite a sharp increase in the share of girls who enroll in, attend, and complete various levels of schooling, an educational gender gap remains in some countries. This paper argues that one explanation for this gender gap is the degree of social exclusion within these countries, as indicated by ethno-linguistic heterogeneity, which triggers both economic and psycho-social mechanisms to limit girls' schooling. Ethno-linguistic heterogeneity initially was applied to explaining lagging economic growth, but has emerged in the literature more recently to explain both civil conflict and public goods. This paper is a first application of the concept to explain gender gaps in education. The paper discusses the importance of female education for economic and social development, reviews the evidence regarding gender and ethnic differences in schooling, reviews the theoretical perspectives of various social science disciplines that seek to explain such differences, and tests the relevance of ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity in explaining cross-country differences in school attainment and learning. The study indicates that within-country ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity partly explains both national female primary school completion rates and gender differences in these rates, but only explains average national learning outcomes when national income measures are excluded. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILD, FEMALE | GENDER ISSUES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | EDUCATION | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Behavior Document Number: 325679 |
| 27. Title: "Where can I be deported?" Thinking through the "foreigner fetish" in Namibia. Author: Lorway R Source: Medical Anthropology. 2008 Jan;27(1):70-97. Abstract: In "Thinking through the Foreigner Fetish," I examine the safer sex difficulties that form unevenly around class, gender, and ethnicity for a community of Namibian township youth involved in a transnationally-mediated queer rights movement. Post-structural notions of "desire" are employed in this article to re-orient political economic frameworks that consider "the body" in sex tourism in Marxists terms of "commodification" and "alienation." Through ethnographic account, I emphasize the practices through which local actors reflect on the value and authenticity of their "self" in relation to the "global gay Other." By examining the moral economies of selfhood generated within the relationships between local and foreign males, I attempt to move discussions of "sex tourism" and "HIV-vulnerability" beyond binary notions of "structure" and "agency." (author's) Language: English Keywords: NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | HOMOSEXUALS | STIGMA | PERSONALITY | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Economic Factors Document Number: 324469 |
| 28. Title: Involuntary resettlement as an opportunity for development: The case of urban resettlers of the three Gorges Project, China. Author: McDonald B; Webber M; Yuefang D Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2008;21(1):82-102. Abstract: The restoration of livelihoods in the event of involuntary resettlement is commonly based on providing compensation to those who are displaced. This policy has led to a series of horror stories. For this reason, it is proposed that by conducting resettlement as a development project in its own right, the performance of resettlements can be improved and the benefits will accrue to the local population. The Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River is the first project in China in which the policy of resettlement with development was translated into practice. This paper uses the results of a survey of urban resettlers in two counties to demonstrate that development policies have been unevenly applied across the Three Gorges Region and that in some counties the policies have had some success in maintaining and raising the incomes of resettlers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN AREAS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POLICY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 324867 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Maternal mortality decline in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana. Author: Mills S; Williams JE; Wak G; Hodgson A Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008 Sep;12(5):577-85. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the absence of an adequate vital registration system in Ghana, the Navrongo demographic surveillance system (NDSS) established in 1993 presents a viable alternative to monitor, in a poor rural district, the UN Millennium Development Goal on maternal health (MDG) of reducing maternal mortality by 75% between 1990 and 2015. METHODS: Of the 518 women aged 12-49 years identified in the NDSS database to have died in the Kassena-Nankana district in the period January 2002-December 2004, spouses or family members completed verbal autopsy interviews for 516 female deaths. RESULT: Of the 516 female deaths, 45 were identified as maternal deaths. 71% of the maternal deaths were attributed to direct maternal causes while 29% were due to indirect maternal causes. Abortion-related deaths were the most frequent cause of maternal deaths. The maternal mortality ratio for the period 2002-2004 was 373 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births indicating a 40% reduction of maternal mortality from the 1995-1996 level of 637 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. However, the health-facility based maternal mortality ratio in the district (which excludes maternal deaths outside health facilities) was 141 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for the period 2002-2004. CONCLUSION: This district may be on track to achieve the MDG on maternal health. Ultimately, strengthening vital registration systems to provide timely information to policymakers should supersede the other methods of measuring maternal mortality. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | WOMEN | MATERNAL MORTALITY | CAUSES OF DEATH | ABORTION | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs Document Number: 330571 Notification |
| 30. Title: Building partnerships to support community-led HIV / AIDS management: A case study from rural South Africa. Author: Nair Y; Campbell C Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 May;7(1):45-53. Abstract: The importance of partnerships between marginalised communities and support agencies (from the public sector, private sector and civil society) is a pillar of HIV/AIDS management policy. Such alliances are notoriously difficult to promote and sustain. We present a case study focusing on the first stage of a project seeking to build partnerships to facilitate local responses to HIV/AIDS in a remote rural community in South Africa. To date the Entabeni project has been successful in its goal of training volunteer health workers in home-based care, peer education, project management and procedures for accessing grants and services. The paper focuses on the project's other goal - to create external support structures for these volunteers (drawing on government departments, local NGOs and private-sector philanthropists). The partnership aims to empower volunteers to lead HIV-prevention and AIDS-care efforts, and to make public services more responsive to local needs. We illustrate how features of the local public-sector environment have actively worked against effective community empowerment. These include a rigid hierarchy, poor communication between senior and junior health professionals, lack of social development skills and the demoralisation and/or exhaustion of public servants dealing with multiple social problems in under-resourced settings. We outline the obstacles that have prevented private-sector involvement, suggesting a degree of scepticism about the potential for private-sector contributions to development in remote areas. We discuss how the project's most effective partners have been two small under-funded NGOs - run by highly committed individuals with a keen understanding of social-development principles, flexible working styles and a willingness to work hard for small gains. Despite many challenges, the partnership formation process has seen some positive achievements; we outline these and discuss the essential role played by an external change agent, and conclude with a discussion of thepossibility of building long-term structures to sustain the project. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOW INCOME POPULATION | RURAL AREAS | VOLUNTEERS AND VOLUNTARISM | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | OBSTACLES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | HIV | AIDS | MANAGEMENT | CAPACITY BUILDING | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Geographic Factors | Population | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Programs Document Number: 327159 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |