Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 6020 records

Your search found 6020 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Peer Reviewed

Title: The influence of changes in women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of Northern Ghana.
Author: Doctor HV; Phillips JF; Sakeah E
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):113-122.
Abstract: Religious affiliation is undergoing major changes in rural Sahelian Africa, with profound consequences for customs that are grounded in traditional belief systems. This study examines the influence of women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana. Analysis of longitudinal data for women in 1995 and 2003 shows that 61 percent of women changed their religion, with shifts from traditional beliefs to Christianity being dominant. Moreover, women were more likely than men to make such a change. Regression results show that, compared with those who did not change, switching from traditional religion to Christianity or Islam is associated with increased contraceptive use and decreased fertility. The more rapid change in religious affiliation among women than men may have social consequences for the status of women, signaling a trend toward greater autonomy in the family and new aspirations, values, and behavior as evidenced by the proportion of people adopting contraceptives.
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | BELIEFS | CHRISTIANITY | ISLAM | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Culture
Document Number: 341895

5.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Italy's path to very low fertility: the adequacy of economic and second demographic transition theories.
Author: Kertzer DI; White MJ; Bernardi L; Gabrielli G
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 Feb;25(1):89-115.
Abstract: The deep drop of the fertility rate in Italy to among the lowest in the world challenges contemporary theories of childbearing and family building. Among high-income countries, Italy was presumed to have characteristics of family values and female labor force participation that would favor higher fertility than its European neighbors to the north. We test competing economic and cultural explanations, drawing on new nationally representative, longitudinal data to examine first union, first birth, and second birth. Our event history analysis finds some support for economic determinants of family formation and fertility, but the clear importance of regional differences and of secularization suggests that such an explanation is at best incomplete and that cultural and ideational factors must be considered.
Language: English
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | FERTILITY | SOCIAL CHANGE | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331297

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reproductive health in Malta.
Author: Mifsud M; Buttigieg GG; Savona-Ventura C; Delicata S
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Aug;14(4):249-57.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Maltese population traditionally harbours Roman Catholic beliefs that have been gradually secularised. The present study sets out to quantify the consequences of more liberal sexual attitudes in this community. METHODS: We reviewed the reproductive and sexual health indicators reported from Malta and from other selected European countries. We then analysed the findings of a questionnaire study which was carried out among 200 Maltese and 2200 other European individuals to investigate various aspects of their sexual history. RESULTS: A greater proportion of Maltese births occur in teenagers but the out-of-wedlock maternity rate in Malta appears to be the third lowest in Europe. However, the rate appears to have nearly trebled over seven years. Sexually transmitted infections rates in Maltese are either similar to or lower than those reported from the other European countries. The Maltese reported a higher mean age at first intercourse and a lower mean number of sexual partners mainly in women aged over 35 years. They received an earlier sexual education but they still predominantly resorted to unreliable contraception methods at their first sexual encounter. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that sexual behaviour has changed. The educational support to deal with these altered practices is in place but still needs to be reinforced.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALTA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIAL CHANGE | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION | SEXUALITY | ATTITUDES | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX EDUCATION | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Education
Document Number: 342941 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sweeping changes in marriage, cohabitation and childbearing in Central and Eastern Europe: new insights from the developmental idealism framework Transformations radicales du mariage, de la cohabitation et de la cohabitation et de la procreation en Europe Centrale et Orientale: de nouvelles perspectives a partir de la conception ideationnelle du developpement.
Author: Thornton A; Philipov D
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 May;25(2):123-156.
Abstract: In Central and Eastern Europe following the political transformations of the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were dramatic declines in marriage and childbearing, significant increases in nonmarital cohabitation and childbearing, and a movement from reliance on abortion to a reliance on contraception for fertility limitation. Although many explanations have been offered for these trends, we offer new explanations based on ideational influences and the intersection of these ideational influences with structural factors. We focus on the political, economic, social, and cultural histories of the region, with particular emphasis on how countries in the region have interacted with and been influenced by Western European and North American countries. Our explanations emphasize the role of developmental models in guiding change in the region, suggesting that developmental idealism influenced family and demographic changes following the political transformations. Developmental idealism provides beliefs that modern family systems help to produce modern political and economic accomplishments, and it helps establish the importance of freedom and equality as human rights in both the public and private spheres. The disintegration of the governments and the fall of the iron curtain in the late 1980s and early 1990s brought new understanding about social, economic, and family circumstances in the West, increasing consumption aspirations and expectations which clashed with both old economic realities and the dramatic declines in economic circumstances. In addition, the dissolution of the former governments removed or weakened systems supporting the bearing and rearing of children; and the legitimacy of the former governments and their programs was largely destroyed, thereby removing government support for old norms and patterns of behavior. In addition, the attacks of previous decades on the religious institutions in the region had in many places left these institutions weak. During this period, many openly reached out to embrace the values, living standards, and economic, political, and familial systems of the West. And, the thirst for freedom-and its considerable expansion-operated in personal and familial as well as political and economic realms. These dramatic changes combined together to produce the many changes occurring in family and demographic behavior.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, CENTRAL | EUROPE, EASTERN | HISTORICAL REVIEW | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSENSUAL UNION | FERTILITY DECLINE | SOCIAL CHANGE | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC CONDITIONS | SOCIALISM | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Europe | Developed Countries | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Systems | Contraception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 340171

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adolescent reproductive health in Indonesia: contested values and policy inaction.
Author: Utomo ID; McDonald P
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):133-146.
Abstract: This study examines the changing social and political context of adolescent sexual and reproductive health policy in Indonesia. We describe how, in 2001, Indonesia was on the brink of implementing an adolescent reproductive health policy that was consistent with international agreements to which the Indonesian government was a party. Although the health of young Indonesians was known to be at risk, the opportunity for reform passed quickly with the emergence of a new competing force, Middle Eastern fundamentalist Islam. Faced with the risk of regional separatism and competing politico-religious influences, the Indonesian government retreated to the safety of inaction in this area of policy. In the absence of a supportive and committed political environment that reinforces policy specifically targeted to young people's reproductive health, extremist approaches that involve considerable health risk prevailed. The sexual and reproductive values and behaviors that are emerging among single young people in contemporary Indonesia are conditioned by a political context that allows the conflicting forces of traditional Indonesian values, Westernization, and the strong emerging force of fundamentalist Islam to compete for the allegiance of young people.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | ADOLESCENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | ISLAM | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL CHANGE | LEGISLATION | SEXUALITY | SEX EDUCATION | MASS MEDIA | VALUE ORIENTATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Communication
Document Number: 341897

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Levels of change in adolescent sexual behavior in three Asian cities.
Author: Zabin LS; Emerson MR; Nan L; Chaohua L; Ersheng G; Minh NH; Chuang YL; Hurng BS; Bishai D; Blum RW
Source: Studies In Family Planning. 2009 Mar;40(1):1-12.
Abstract: Considerable change in the romantic and sexual behaviors of Asian young people may be occurring as traditionally Confucian societies modernize and increase outside contacts. This study explores the dimensions and context of this change in three sites at different stages in the process of modernization: Hanoi (early), Shanghai (intermediate), and Taipei (later stage). A survey was conducted of 17,016 males and females aged 15-24 in urban and rural settings in three large metropolitan areas. Survival analysis and Cox regressions were performed to explore ages of respondents at key transitions and the significance of differences between two age cohorts: 15-19 and 20-24. Significant differences are found in levels of sexual and other transitions, even within the narrow time span reflected by the age cohorts. The findings highlight the differential impact of modernization on adolescent sexual behavior as traditional societies undergo social change, and they underline the importance of context in exploring youthful transitions.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CHANGES | SOCIAL CHANGE | MODERNIZATION | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341340

10.

11.

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Modernization or cultural maintenance: The practice of consanguineous marriage in Iran.
Author: Abbasi-Shavazi MJ; McDonald P; Hosseini-Chavoshi M
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Nov;40(6):911-933.
Abstract: Consanguineous marriage has been the culturally preferred form of marriage in Iran. This paper examines the extent to which education, urbanization and changes in modes of economic production have affected the incidence of consanguineous marriage and attitudes towards consanguineous marriages. The 2002 Iran Fertility Transition Survey conducted in the four provinces of Gilan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Yazd and West Azarbaijan provides information on the degree of relationship of marriage partners from around 6550 ever-married women aged 15-49. Attitudinal data were also obtained. Overall, the level of marriage to biological relatives ranged from 23% in Gilan to 78% in Sistan and Baluchistan. The paper finds that the practice of marriage to biological relatives has remained surprisingly resilient in the face of modernizing influences and that ethnicity, province and area of residence remain important determinants. On the other hand, attitudes have shifted towards marriage with a non-relative. Anthropological research would illuminate the processes of consanguineous marriage in Iran. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSANGUINITY | SOCIAL CHANGE | MODERNIZATION | ATTITUDES | ETHNIC GROUPS | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | Developing Countries | Middle East | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Genetics | Biology | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 325830

13.

Title: The psychosocial profile of Bedouin Arab women living in polygamous and monogamous marriages.
Author: Al-Krenawi A; Slonim-Nevo V
Source: Families in Society. 2008 Jan-Mar;89(1):139-149.
Abstract: This study examining the psychosocial profile of Bedouin Arab Women living in polygamous and monogamous marriages found that women in polygamous marriages reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, more problematic family functioning, less marital satisfaction, and more problematic mother-child relationships than women in monogamous marriages. The sample consisted of 315 women, 156 from polygamous and 159 from monogamous families. The respondents completed the Self-Esteem scale (SE), The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), The Enrich questionnaire and the Index of Parental Attitudes. The polygamous family structure and the economic difficulties widespread, apparently constitutes a substantial contribution to the polygamous household's impaired family functioning. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | ETHNIC GROUPS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | POLYGAMY | MONOGAMY | CULTURE | SOCIAL CHANGE | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | MENTAL HEALTH | QUALITY OF LIFE | Developed Countries | Middle East | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Health | Social Welfare | Economic Factors
Document Number: 325388

14.
Title: Migrants and changing urban periphery: social relations, cultural diversity and the public space in Istanbul�s new neighbourhoods.
Author: Ayata S
Source: International Migration. 2008 Oct;46(3):27-64.
Abstract: This study examines the dynamics of socio-cultural change in a peripheral neighbourhood in Istanbul, an "edge city" that is ethnically mixed, culturally heterogeneous, socially differentiated and spatially multi-functional. One major focus in the study is the changing nature of social relations in traditional groups. Though kinship, hems� eri (place of origin) and neighbourhood solidarity is still crucial in the lives of the migrants, participation in these groups becomes more voluntary and the ties among members less obligatory. Secondly, the ethnic and religious groupings in the neighbourhood are not always exclusive, authoritarian and patriarchal communities. What generally appears as rigid communitarian fragmentation is often one of cultural diversity for the residents of the locality. The associational pluralism that exists in the neighbourhood enables people to claim multiple ethnic, religious, political and cultural identities. Thirdly, though they compare unfavourably with their middle class counterparts in the city, the new neighbourhoods provide greater opportunities and more public space for interaction among the members of the locality than for instance, the rural communities. The study also questions the often taken-for-granted image of a rigidly polarized city in view of empirical evidence that indicates the multiple and complex economic and political links between the new neighbourhoods and the broader urban society. Finally, isolation from middle class areas in the city does not necessarily lead to the exclusion of the whole peripheral urban population from urban life, urban institutions and urban culture. These become increasingly present in the new neighbourhoods and available for the majority of the residents. The main conclusion is that Istanbul contains a number of such edge cities, which have powerful integrating and urbanizing influences on individuals.
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | ETHNIC GROUPS | YOUTH | MIGRANT WORKERS | SOCIAL CHANGE | CULTURE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | URBANIZATION | LIFE STYLE | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors
Document Number: 329498

15.

Title: Participatory change in a campaign led by sex workers: Connecting resistance to action-oriented agency.
Author: Basu A; Dutta MJ
Source: Qualitative Health Research. 2008 Jan;18(1):106-119.
Abstract: Studies predict that the number of HIV infections among commercial sex workers (CSWers) in India may rise to 3.93 million. Efforts have been made to stem the tide. But most campaigns have been designed to ensure condom compliance among CSWers by spreading awareness and increasing availability. Absent from the discursive space of such campaigns are the agency of CSWers and their ability to resist dominant social structures. The authors respond to this lacuna in health communication by foregrounding voices of CSWers participating in two HIV/AIDS interventions in India. Based on the culture-centered approach to health communication and subaltern studies theory, it examines data from two sites to analyze how communicative narratives of agency and resistance are enacted in the marginalized lives of sex workers. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | INTERVIEWS | GROUP INTERVIEWS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN | INTERVENTIONS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | ADVOCACY | HEALTH EDUCATION | PARTICIPATION | STIGMA | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Programs | Organization and Administration | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Education | Social Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 323454

16.

Title: [Infant mortality and socioeconomic inequality in Argentina: temporal trends] Mortalidad infantil y desigualdad socioeconomica en la Argentina: tendencia temporal.
Author: Buchbinder M
Source: Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria. 2008 Jun;106(3):212-8.
Abstract: This study analyzes temporal trends in infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Argentine in two periods (1995 to 1997, and 2003 to 2005) and the association with a poverty index. POPULATION, MATERIAL AND METHODS: A poverty index was associated with infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates of each department of the country. Birth and infant mortality data by department, published by Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, were used. As socioeconomic level of each area was used an index of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (NBI), according to 2001 National Census. Five clusters (quintiles) were organized according to socioeconomic level. We estimated the Relative Risk for infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality. RESULTS: Even if infant, neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates decreased between both periods of study (1995-1997, and 2003-2005), risk of infant death remained higher for clusters with higher NBI incidence. Neonatal mortality risk between both periods keeps in high level for clusters with greater incidence of poverty. Post neonatal mortality risk between both periods and for the same clusters had decreased, but his level was high. It must take into consideration that inside these variations the risk is high and evidences the persistence between both periods of inequality and higher risk for the clusters with higher incidence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: In the framework of infant mortality (and its components) decrease in Argentine, socioeconomic inequality in infant death persists between both study periods.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT MORTALITY | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INEQUALITIES | SOCIAL CHANGE | POVERTY | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 328999

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changing family formation in Nepal: Marriage, cohabitation and first sexual intercourse.
Author: Caltabiano M; Castiglioni M
Source: International Family Planning Perspectives. 2008 Mar;34(1):30-39.
Abstract: In Nepal, marriage occurs at a relatively young age and arranged weddings are widespread. However, recent changes in the family formation process and the timing of first sexual intercourse suggest that a transformation may be underway. Data on marriage, cohabitation and first sexual intercourse from the 2001 Nepalese Demographic and Health Survey were used to describe the family formation process. The sequence of these events and the intervals between them were explored for currently married men and women. Hazard models were used to identify factors associated with behavioral changes over time. The average age at marriage among women married before age 20 increased from 13.7 years for those born in 1952-1956 to 15.6 years for those born in 1977-1981,while remaining relatively stable for men married before age 25 (17.3 years for the 1942-1946 birth cohort to 17.7 for the 1972-1976 birth cohort). After individual and couple characteristics were controlled for, younger age at interview was associatedwith greater odds of simultaneous marriage and cohabitation for both genders (odds ratios,1.3-1.7).Younger age at interview was also associated with premarital sex among men-those aged 39 or younger had significantly higher risks than older men of having had premarital sex, with odds ratios rising from 1.6 among those aged 35-39 to 1.8 among those aged 15-24. It is important not only to promote education as a means of delaying marriage and childbearing, but also to implement programs and services that prevent reproductive health problems for young married couples. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | FIRST INTERCOURSE | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | SOCIAL CHANGE | MODERNIZATION | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 326105

18.

Title: The violence against women campaigns in Latin America: new feminist alliances.
Author: Cole S; Phillips L
Source: Feminist Criminology. 2008 Apr;3(2):145-168.
Abstract: This article urges caution in reading the backlash against gender-sensitive policies as a global phenomenon. Drawing inspiration from Latin America, the authors consider how international agreements for nation-states to adopt measures to prevent violence against women have been taken up in proactive ways through the collaboration of international organizations, national governments, and expanding and evolving women's movements. The push for the development of democratic citizenship in Latin America has opened up possibilities for bringing awareness of violence against women to a public that is in the process of engaging with a range of social justice issues and collaborating on multiple fronts. The authors argue that strategic coalitions across difference have been central to the success of the efforts to combat violence against women. They show how new feminist alliances have not only helped denormalize and deprivatize gender violence but revitalized feminist issues as part of a broad front to build progressive societies. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
LATIN AMERICA | BRAZIL | ECUADOR | CRITIQUE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S GROUPS | GENDER ISSUES | FEMINISM | SOCIAL CHANGE | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | Americas | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | South America, Western | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Programs | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Interest Groups
Document Number: 307972

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Towards smaller family size in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey: Overall change over time or socio-economic compositional effect?
Author: D'Addato AV; Vignoli D; Yavuz S
Source: Population Review. 2008;47(1):[14] p.
Abstract: The whole region of the South and East Mediterranean exhibits a profound fertility transition with marked differences in the pace of fertility declines among the countries. The authors choose three representative countries: Egypt, Morocco and Turkey. Determinants of the propensity towards smaller family size are investigated as scrutinizing the development in the pattern of third births, which represents the critical step in the transitional process for these countries. The authors are particularly interested in verifying whether the decline of higher-order births is significantly driven by an overall societal change over time or by compositional change over different socio-economic segments of the female population. Evidence is found that overall societal changes have mainly driven the decline in large family size, though, to a much lesser extent, compositional changes are important too. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EGYPT | MOROCCO | TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | FERTILITY CHANGES | FAMILY SIZE | SOCIAL CHANGE | BIRTH LIMITING | BIRTH SPACING | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning
Document Number: 327572

20.

Title: Whispers to voices: Gender and social transformation in Bangladesh.
Author: Das MB; Amin S; Das Gupta M; Johnson K; Hossain A
Source: Dhaka, Bangladesh, World Bank, South Asia Region, South Asia Sustainable Development Department, 2008 Mar. [162] p. (Bangladesh Development Series Paper No. 22)
Abstract: Bangladesh stands out as the shining new example in South Asia of a poor country achieving impressive gains in gender equality. After Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala, here is a country that had been famously written off by Henry Kissinger as a "basket case," which now dwarfs India and Pakistan in many areas. Between 1971 and 2004, Bangladesh halved its fertility rates. In much of the country today, girls' secondary school attendance exceeds that of boys. The gender gap in infant mortality has been closed. The micro-credit revolution continues to boost women's solidarity groups and earning potential, and vast numbers of young women are leaving their villages to work in garment factories where, in earlier generations, young women were rarely seen outside their homes. Bangladesh's success has been widely celebrated and analyzed - even posed as a puzzle. For how could a country with such low per capita income achieve such heights? All this achieved, moreover, in a cultural context widely believed to be repressive to women. While there remains more to be done in terms of increasing women's labor force participation, reducing and punishing violence, increasing political participation and visibility in leadership positions, we also need to understand how these gains came about. In particular, we need to appreciate how policies and opportunities can change behaviors and norms widely perceived to emphasize seclusion and to relegate women to the home. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | GENDER ISSUES | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | WOMEN'S STATUS | MATERNAL HEALTH | EDUCATION | EMPLOYMENT | DECISION MAKING | PARTICIPATION | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Macroeconomic Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 326309

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Spain: Short on children and short on family policies.
Author: Delgado M; Meil G; Zamora Lopez F
Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(27):1059-1104.
Abstract: Spain's total fertility rate has more than halved since 1975, when it was 2.8, to the present 1.3 (the lowest rate on record, 1.2, was reached in 1995). At the same time, the mean age at first childbirth has grown continually, seriously hindering any sustained recovery of fertility. Cohort fertility, in turn, has declined uninterruptedly since the 1941 cohort, and according to all estimates, this will drop to 1.6 for women born in the 1960s. A downturn in nuptiality, which has not been offset by a rise in consensual unions, along with the prevalence of contraceptives and abortion, have contributed substantially to falling fertility. Underlying this decrease is the profound cultural, social, and economic change that has raised the perceived costs of leaving the parental home and having children. The lack of any explicit family policy or transfers to compensate for such costs has reinforced that perception. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY DECLINE | CONTRACEPTION | ABORTION | PREVALENCE | SOCIAL CHANGE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | FAMILY POLICY | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Measurement | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors
Document Number: 327673 Notification

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reporting AIDS and the invisible victims in China: Official knowledge as news in the People�s Daily, 1986-2002.
Author: Dong D; Chang TK; Chen D
Source: Journal of Health Communication. 2008 Jun;13(4):357-374.
Abstract: Against the backdrop of the sociology of knowledge as a framework, the purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to examine the discourses surrounding the AIDS news in China; (2) to determine how Chinese people with AIDS and the identification of their social groups are covered at the national level; and (3) to discuss the implications of reporting AIDS as official knowledge for a better understanding of the interplay between the mass media and social structure in China today. Findings indicate that as an epidemic, AIDS in China has not only become invisible in the national news, but also constructed as a non-issue devoid of social consequences in public health communication. It is a disease mostly presented in an "us vs. them" news discourse that helps convey the official knowledge as to how AIDS is to be perceived and understood in the country. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SOCIOLOGY | KNOWLEDGE | HIV INFECTIONS | MASS MEDIA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | NEWSPAPERS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Social Problems | Health | Education | Printed Media
Document Number: 327381

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Overview Chapter 2: Parity distribution and completed family size in Europe: Incipient decline of the two-child family model?
Author: Frejka T
Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(4):47-72.
Abstract: By the end of the 20th century the two-child family became the norm throughout Europe. Between 40 and over 50 percent of women in the 1950s and 1960s cohorts had two children. There were some incipient signs that shares of two-child families were declining, especially in Central and Eastern and Southern Europe. An increase in childlessness among recent generations was an almost universal trend. The increase in proportions of one-child families was prominent in CEE and in SE. Wherever shares of childless women and of women with one child continue to grow, the obvious result will be entrenched below replacement fertility. Much depends on progression ratios to first and to second births. In CEE mainly the progression ratios to second births are declining. In the Nordic countries progression ratios to first and to second births were relatively stable and even more so in France. Altogether, most people opt for two children, very few for three or more, the frequency of the one-child family is increasingas are the proportions of people remaining childless. The latter trends were more pronounced in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe and not so much in Northern and Western countries. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | FAMILY SIZE, COMPLETED | SOCIAL CHANGE | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | PARITY PROGRESSION RATIO | NULLIPARITY | ONLY CHILD | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility
Document Number: 327714

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Overview Chapter 5: Determinants of family formation and childbearing during the societal transition in Central and Eastern Europe.
Author: Frejka T
Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(7):139-170.
Abstract: Societal conditions for early and high rates of childbearing were replaced by conditions generating late and low levels of fertility common in Western countries. Central among factors shaping the latter behaviour (job insecurity, unstable partnership relationships, expensive housing, and profound changes in norms, values and attitudes) were the following: increasing proportions of young people were acquiring advanced education, a majority of women were gainfully employed, yet women were performing most household maintenance and childrearing duties. Two theories prevailed to explain what caused changes in family formation and fertility trends. One argues that the economic and social crises were the principal causes. The other considered the diffusion of western norms, values and attitudes as the prime factors of change. Neither reveals the root cause: the replacement of state socialist regimes with economic and political institutions of contemporary capitalism. The extraordinarily low period TFRs around 2000 were the result of low fertility of older women born around 1960 overlapping with low fertility of young women born during the 1970s. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY SIZE | FERTILITY DECLINE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | SOCIAL CHANGE | FEMALE ROLE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Reproductive Behavior | Social Behavior | Behavior | Policy
Document Number: 327717

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Summary and general conclusions: Childbearing trends and policies in Europe.
Author: Frejka T; Sobotka T; Toulemon L; Hoem JM
Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(2):5-14.
Abstract: European fertility early in the 21st century was at its lowest level since the Second World War. This study explores contemporary childbearing trends and policies in Europe, and gives detailed attention to the past two or three decades. We felt motivated to undertake this project because in many European countries, as well as for the European Union as a whole, the overall fertility level and its consequences are of grave concern and draw attention on the political stage. Our account focuses somewhat more on the previously state socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, where available knowledge about the impact on childbearing of the momentous political and economic transition that started in 1989 remains relatively scarce. As family formation and childbearing behaviour are inherent components of societal life, they were influenced and modified by the various political, economic, and social changes that took place in Europe during the past 60 years. There were also profound changes in norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes regarding family and childbearing, and these exerted additional effects on fertility and family trends. To identify such effects, this study pays much attention to the influence of social and family policies on fertility, to the influence of political and economic changes on fertility and family trends, and to the diverse ways changes in values, norms, and attitudes relate to the transformation in family-related behaviour in Europe. In the present chapter, we outline main issues discussed in the subsequent overview chapters, and summarize the main findings of the entire study. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY CHANGES | SOCIAL CHANGE | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | FAMILY SIZE | SOCIAL POLICY | FAMILY POLICY | POLITICAL FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | MIGRATION | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Policy
Document Number: 327712

26.

Title: Sexuality in diasporic space: rural-to-urban migrant women negotiating gender and marriage in contemporary China.
Author: Gaetano A
Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2008 Dec;15(6):629-645.
Abstract: Feminist geographers use the term diasporic subjectivity to emphasize the relational quality of identity as it is constructed in the dynamic in-between space occupied by the migrant and traversed by norms and practices associated with the village community, migrant peers, and urban consumer society, as well as nation-states. Using ethnographic methods, I explore how young, single rural Chinese women who migrated to Beijing in the 1990s negotiate sexuality in diasporic space, within the discursive and institutional orders of state, market and family. Though migration does not fundamentally alter these structures that construct inequality around place-based identity, gender and class, it does enable rural women to shift position within them and, significantly, to imagine that further, future change is possible. Foregrounding migrant women's agency in remaking gender identity from so-called rustic peasants to modern girls as well as in choosing marital partners and conducting courtship provides an important counterweight to the primary emphasis on structure found in much of the migration literature.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRANTS | HETEROSEXUALS | WOMEN | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | GENDER RELATIONS | MARRIAGE | SEXUALITY | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | Nuptiality | Personality | Psychological Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems
Document Number: 341980

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Are Africans practicing safer sex? Evidence from demographic and health surveys for eight countries.
Author: Glick PJ; Sahn DE
Source: Economic Development and Cultural Change. 2008 Jan;56(2):397-439.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS prevalence is higher in Africa than in any other region. Yet despite increasing commitment on the part of the international community and many African governments, there remain few cases of documented success in turning back the epidemic. In recent years, attention and resources have increasingly been focused on providing antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapies to the millions of infected people in Africa. However, ARV provision is not an HIV-prevention policy, and while there may be positive externalities with respect to prevention, there may also be negative ones. Nor is an AIDS vaccine likely to appear for years to come. Therefore, HIV prevention through reductions in sexual risk behaviors remains the cornerstone of any strategy to combat HIV/AIDS in Africa. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | SAFER SEX | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | CONDOM USE | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 314017

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy in sub-Saharan Africa: sociolegal barriers [editorial]
Author: Gostin LO; Hankins CA
Source: JAMA. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008 Dec 3;300(21):2539-41.
Abstract: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend safe, voluntary male circumcision as an additional, important strategy for the prevention of heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men in areas with high HIV prevalence and low levels of male circumcision. Comprehensive male circumcision services should include HIV testing and counseling, partner reduction, and male and female condom use. However, male circumcision can have deep symbolic meaning that could pose barriers to implementation. In some parts of the world, male circumcision is a traditional practice with religious or cultural significance; in others, it is a common hygiene intervention; and in yet others, it is unfamiliar or foreign. Consequently, the proportion of men who are circumcised varies by country from less than 5% to more than 80%, with an estimated 30% to 40% of adult men circumcised worldwide. Confirming a number of observational studies, 3 randomized controlled trials in Africa have shown that circumcision reduces the likelihood of female-to-male HIV transmission by 50% to 60%, leading the WHO and UNAIDS to conclude that the evidence is "compelling." There is no comparable evidence demonstrating that male circumcision protects against male-to-female transmission or male-to-male HIV transmission. Male circumcision is a relatively simple, inexpensive 1-time surgical procedure that is cost-effective, but raises a host of ethical, legal, and human rights challenges. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | SUMMARY REPORT | MALE CIRCUMCISION | HIV PREVENTION | IMPLEMENTATION | CULTURE | RELIGION | HETEROSEXUALS | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | SEX EDUCATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | INFORMED CONSENT | SOCIAL CHANGE | Africa | Developing Countries | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Program Evaluation | Health Services Evaluation | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Education | Political Factors
Document Number: 329775

29.

Title: Economic, social and spatial dimensions of India's excess child masculinity.
Author: Guilmoto CZ
Source: Population-E. 2008;63(1):91-118.
Abstract: The Indian subcontinent is a region characterized by a large diversity of populations, languages, cultures and faiths. Based on structure of castes whose practices and attitudes are changing, the Indian population is adopting new demographic behaviours whose diffusion and extent can be analysed spatially. In this article, Christophe Z. Guilmoto proposes a spatialized analysis of the recent aggravation of the gender imbalance in the child population, using data from the 2001 census for the 591 districts in India. This approach takes account of the spatial diffusion of behaviour, identifies more clearly the specific effects of the social and economic factors at work and proposes possible interpretations of the phenomenon. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | AREA ANALYSIS | THEORETICAL MODELS | CHILDREN | SEX RATIO | SEX PREFERENCE | SEX DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIAL CLASS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Status
Document Number: 327937

30.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Historical keyword: Family planning.
Author: Hall LA
Source: Lancet. 2008 Mar 8;371:805.
Abstract: "Family planning" was a rather late coinage for the practice of using contraceptives. The deliberate control of conception within marriage by artificial means for reasons of economy and health had been advocated since the early 19th century. Neo-Malthusians accepted the Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus's doctrine that population unless controlled would outrun agricultural resources, but moved on from his remedies of late marriage and self-control to suggest that human ingenuity might enable sexual enjoyment without procreation. The titles of their works do not suggest wild carnality-Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population and The Law of Population-while terms such as "precautionary means" and "prudential limitation" struck a similarly dour note of gloomy forethought, possibly to counter the prevalent belief that contraception was all about self-indulgence. A radical shift came with the advent of the term "birth control", usually attributed to the pioneering US reformer Margaret Sanger (1883-1966), who also used the phrase "family limitation", which foregrounded the notion of contraception as being about "family values". This idea of control over reproduction as a positive act was further emphasised by British campaigner Marie Stopes (1880-1958), who set up her own Society for Constructive Birth Control as a rival to what she perceived as the fuddy-duddy economic arguments of the Malthusian League. The shift to family planning occurred in the late 1930s, when the British National Birth Control Association became the Family Planning Association, locating the movement firmly in concerns about family wellbeing. Contemporary progressive thinkers were also arguing for the social benefits of planning more generally. The think-tank Political and Economic Planning was established and key individuals were involved with both groups. Although rhetorically a useful term, family planning somewhat misrepresents the rather more contingent process by which individual families are created. Studies suggestthat forethought and long-term planning are not necessarily the most salient elements involved. The rise in sex outside of marriage and the extensive resort to postcoital contraceptives have perhaps transformed the term for the 21st century. However, its importance has not diminished, especially in those countries where contraceptive choices for women are curtailed. (full text)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | UNITED KINGDOM | CRITIQUE | HISTORICAL REVIEW | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTION | TERMINOLOGY | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 325232


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy