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Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual activity and contraceptive use among young female students of tertiary educational institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Author: Abiodun OM; Balogun OR
Source: Contraception. 2009 Feb;79(2):146-9.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A survey was conducted to evaluate the pattern of sexual behavior and contraceptive use among female students aged 15 to 24 years attending tertiary institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN: A valid and reliable semistructured questionnaire was self-administered to a sampled population of 600 students aged 15 to 24 years. RESULTS: Of the 600 students, 562 (93.7%) completed the questionnaire. Most (98.6%) of the respondents were unmarried, 77.6% have had sexual intercourse, 67.8% have had an unwanted pregnancy while 63.5% have had induced abortion. All the respondents were aware of contraceptives, but only 25.4% have ever used any contraceptive method. The most common sources of information about contraception among the respondents were friends/relatives (73.7%), while the fear of side effects of modern contraceptives was the most common reason (77.5%) for nonuse. CONCLUSION: The fear of side effects is the main reason for low contraceptive prevalence among young female students of tertiary institutions in Ilorin. Reproductive health services should focus more on delivery of adequate and accurate information about contraceptives to improve use among young women.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 329609

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools. Mudancas no comportamento sexual de adolescentes de escolas publicas no Brasil apos um programa de educacao sexual.
Author: Andrade HH; de Mello MB; Sousa MH; Makuch MY; Bertoni N; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 May;25(5):1168-1176.
Abstract: This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program, given within the context of reproductive rights, dealt with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices, and focused on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests and a nonequivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX EDUCATION | PARTICIPATION | CHANGES | SEX BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALITY | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Schools | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 340176

Title: [Challenges of youth contraception: intersections between gender, sexuality and health] Desafios da contracepcao juvenil: intersecoes entre genero, sexualidade e saude.
Author: Brandao ER
Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Jul-Aug;14(4):1063-71.
Abstract: This qualitative paper discusses some of the difficulties young people have when dealing with contraception and also identifies circumstances in which they tend not to use contraceptive methods. The authors conducted 73 in-depth interviews with young men and women, ages 18 to 24, living in three state capitals in Brazil (Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre), who went through at least one experience of teenage pregnancy. Data were analyzed by theme in order to assemble similar and repeated elements in the testimonies. The reasons young people have difficulty adopting continued use of contraceptive methods were listed according to the following themes: relationship context; relationship with the family regarding sexuality; side effects of hormonal contraceptive methods; negligence with contraception; problems with health services; failure of contraceptive methods; a strong sense of fatherhood; use of condoms with unknown female partners; and use of withdrawal with no knowledge of the partner�s menstrual cycle.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | YOUTH | SEXUALITY | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health
Document Number: 342619

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behaviour among Italian adolescents: Knowledge and use of contraceptives.
Author: Capuano S; Simeone S; Scaravilli G; Raimondo D; Balbi C
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr 18;:1-5.
Abstract: Background Comprehensive data concerning the sexual behaviour of Italian adolescents are lacking; the planning of prevention programmes is therefore difficult. Methods The current study evaluates the knowledge of Italian adolescents about sexuality and their use of methods to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The age at first intercourse in the current sample was compared to that found in past samples to ascertain whether sex education was needed at an earlier age. The efficacy of one school-based sex education programme was analysed. Results Overall 630 students in three Italian cities were surveyed. Just over half the students were sexually active. Among these, the mean age at first intercourse was 15.6 years (SD +/- 1.3). The contraception most widely used was the condom although 'coitus interruptus', 'natural family planning' and 'no method' were also mentioned. The knowledge among students from Latina, after they had received sex education, was significantly better. Conclusion Our data show a lower mean age at first intercourse than has been reported for earlier periods by other authors. School-based sexual education is effective in improving knowledge. Sexual health services for young people must be available and counselling services improved.
Language: English
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTION | SEXUALITY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Education | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331123

Peer Reviewed

Title: Towards a sexual ethics of rights and responsibilities.
Author: Dixon-Mueller R; Germain A; Fredrick B; Bourne K
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):111-119.
Abstract: Sexual rights as human rights encompass individual freedoms and social entitlements. Both depend for their realisation on equally important social responsibilities on the part of individuals, couples, families, other social institutions, and the State. The principle that all persons must understand their own sexual rights and responsibilities and respect the equal rights of others - particularly those of their sexual partners - informs our interpretation of the ethical basis of sexual behaviours. We propose a conceptual framework for defining a sexual ethics of equal rights and responsibilities pertaining to five dimensions of sexual behaviour: 1) sexual relationships and the right to choose one�s partner; 2) sexual expression and the right to seek pleasure; 3) sexual consequences and the right to cooperation from one�s partner; 4) sexual harm and the right to protection; and 5) sexual health and the right to information, education and health services. We suggest that the ethical principles presented here pertaining to sexual partnerships should be incorporated into sexuality education, sexual and reproductive health services, and social policies aimed at promoting the health and rights of all persons regardless of gender, marital status, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity and other personal or group identities.
Spanish Abstract: Los derechos sexuales como derechos humanos abarcan libertades individuales y derechos sociales. La realizaci�n de ambos depende de responsabilidades sociales de igual importancia por parte de particulares, parejas, familias, otras instituciones sociales y el Estado. El principio de que todas las personas deben comprender sus propios derechos y responsabilidades sexuales y respetar la igualdad de derechos de los dem�s, particularmente de las parejas sexuales, influye en nuestra interpretaci�n de la base �tica de los comportamientos sexuales. Proponemos un marco conceptual para definir la �tica sexual de la igualdad de derechos y responsabilidades concernientes a cinco dimensiones del comportamiento sexual: 1) relaciones sexuales y el derecho de escoger su pareja; 2) expresi�n sexual y el derecho de buscar placer; 3) consecuencias sexuales y el derecho a la cooperaci�n de la pareja; 4) da�o sexual y el derecho a la protecci�n; y 5) salud sexual y el derecho a la informaci�n, educaci�n y servicios de salud. Sugerimos que los principios �ticos aqu� presentados concernientes a las parejas sexuales se incorporen en la educaci�n sexual, los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva y las pol�ticas sociales destinadas a promover la salud y los derechos de cada persona independientemente de su sexo, estado civil, orientaci�n sexual, religi�n, etnia y otras identidades personales o de grupo.
French Abstract: Les droits sexuels en tant que droits de l�homme englobent les libert�s individuelles et les prestations sociales. La r�alisation de ces deux types de droits d�pend de responsabilit�s sociales aussi importantes de la part des individus, des couples, des familles, d�autres institutions sociales et de l��tat. Notre interpr�tation du fondement �thique des comportements sexuels est bas�e sur le principe selon lequel tous les individus doivent comprendre leurs responsabilit�s et leurs droits sexuels, et respecter l��galit� des droits de l�autre, en particulier leurs partenaires sexuels. Nous proposons un cadre conceptuel pour d�finir une �thique sexuelle d��galit� des droits et des responsabilit�s touchant cinq dimensions du comportement sexuel : 1) les relations sexuelles et le droit de choisir son partenaire ; 2) l�expression sexuelle et le droit de rechercher le plaisir ; 3) les cons�quences sexuelles et le droit � la coop�ration du partenaire ; 4) les atteintes sexuelles et le droit � la protection ; et 5) la sant� sexuelle et le droit � des services d�information, d��ducation et de sant�. Nous recommandons que les principes �thiques pr�sent�s ici sur les partenariats sexuels soient int�gr�s dans l��ducation sexuelle, les services de sant� g�n�sique et les politiques sociales de promotion de la sant� et des droits de toutes les personnes, quels que soient leur sexe, leur �tat civil, leur orientation sexuelle, leur religion, leur origine ethnique et autres identit�s personnelles ou collectives.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | SEXUAL PARTNERS | HUMAN RIGHTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY | ETHICS | SEXUALITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Health | Education | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342020

Title: The right to contraception and the wrongs of restrictive services.
Author: Edouard L
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 May 1;
Abstract: Rights come with responsibilities for individuals, service providers, and purveyors. The operationalization of the right to contraception, for universal access to a wide range of effective methods, necessitates very different but complementary interventions. A rights-based approach should aim to respect, protect, and fulfill rights. The wishes of individuals concerning childbearing necessitate informed choice, access to services, and lack of prejudice. Equity should be addressed through the strengthening of health systems, especially primary health care, with emphasis on the needs of underserved populations. Official pronouncements on population issues necessitate commitments. A philosophy of rights is particularly useful for service implementation, including the introduction of new contraceptive methods, by addressing the responsibilities of duty bearers and the claims of right holders. With the rights to and overwhelming health benefits of contraception, it is imperative to reverse the wrongs of limited reproductive health services.
Language: English
Keywords:
ALGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | GOALS | SEXUALITY | HEALTH | GENDER ISSUES | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341047

Peer Reviewed

Title: [Sexuality, bodily experiences, and gender: an ethnographic study of persons living with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina] Sexualidad, experiencias corporales y g�nero: un estudio etnogr�fi co entre personas viviendo con VIH en el �rea Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Author: Grimberg M
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):133-141.
Abstract: Based on the results of an ethnographic study on daily experience with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina, the article discusses behavioral approaches that reduce the sexuality of persons living with HIV to an issue of safety and protection. By articulating a social construction perspective and the notion of hegemony, the author proposes that sexuality can be understood as a process of individual and social construction shaped by power relations and social regulations. The analysis of the experiences of living with HIV in marginalized populations shows how chronic social inequality, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization generate particular characteristics of sexual issues. These social processes become driving forces that shape sexual experience as a field of danger, repression, and restriction rather than pleasure and exploration. Finally, daily confrontation with social metaphors places strain on gender relations, practices, and identities.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ETHNIC GROUPS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | SAFETY | INEQUALITIES | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341871

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: [Sexuality, bodily experiences, and gender: an ethnographic study of persons living with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina] Sexualidad, experiencias corporales y genero: un estudio etnografico entre
Author: Grimberg M
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):133-41.
Abstract: Based on the results of an ethnographic study on daily experience with HIV in Greater Metropolitan Buenos Aires, Argentina, the article discusses behavioral approaches that reduce the sexuality of persons living with HIV to an issue of safety and protection. By articulating a social construction perspective and the notion of hegemony, the author proposes that sexuality can be understood as a process of individual and social construction shaped by power relations and social regulations. The analysis of the experiences of living with HIV in marginalized populations shows how chronic social inequality, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization generate particular characteristics of sexual issues. These social processes become driving forces that shape sexual experience as a field of danger, repression, and restriction rather than pleasure and exploration. Finally, daily confrontation with social metaphors places strain on gender relations, practices, and identities.
Language: Spanish
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEXUALITY | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | SAFETY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | STIGMA | INEQUALITIES | VIOLENCE | PROGRAM APPROPRIATENESS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Public Health | Health | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342671

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Health discourse, sexual slang and ideological contradictions among Mozambican youth: implications for method.
Author: Groes-Green C
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Aug;11(6):655-668.
Abstract: Findings from fieldwork on condom use among young people in Mozambique confirm the need to remain alert to the ideological and linguistic bias of applied research methods. Using conventional health discourse to interview young people about their sexuality resulted in incorrect or socially acceptable answers rather than accurate information about their sexual behavior. In order to gain a deeper understanding of sexual cultures and to make HIV prevention efforts relevant to young people, the author suggests that researchers and policy-makers approach respondents with a language that is sensitive to the local ideological and linguistic context.
Language: English
Keywords:
MOZAMBIQUE | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | FOCUS GROUPS | STUDENTS | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALITY | LANGUAGE | INTERVIEWS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | VALIDITY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Education | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Communication | Measurement
Document Number: 339891

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12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: South African teachers' reflections on the impact of culture on their teaching of sexuality and HIV/AIDS.
Author: Helleve A; Flisher AJ; Onya H; Mukoma W; Klepp KI
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Feb;11(2):189-204.
Abstract: The authors investigated how teachers respond to perceived cultural differences between the local community and the content of their teaching. Data were collected through interviews with teachers who taught students in grades 8 or 9 in public high schools. The teachers expressed differing viewpoints on the rationale for teaching about HIV/AIDS and sexuality. Many teachers saw teaching these topics as a response to declining moral standards, while others suggested that they were teaching issues that parents failed to address. The teachers were more concerned about young people's sexual behavior than about preventing HIV/AIDS. They perceived that cultural contradictions between what was taught and local cultural values were an issue to which they needed to respond, although they differed in terms of how to respond. Some took an adaptive approach to try to avoid conflicts, while others claimed the moral neutrality of their teaching. Teaching about sexuality was perceived to be challenging in terms of language and communication norms. Teaching about HIV/AIDS was perceived as challenging because teachers often needed to convince students about the reality of AIDS.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | TEACHERS | COMMUNITY | CULTURE | SEX EDUCATION | SEXUALITY | HIV TRANSMISSION | HIV PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | MOTIVATION | VALUE ORIENTATION | LANGUAGE | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication
Document Number: 341086

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy: lessons from South Africa.
Author: Jewkes R; Morrell R; Christofides N
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Oct;11(7):675-688.
Abstract: In South Africa, the rate of teenage pregnancy is high but has declined substantially over the last 20 years. In this paper, the authors argue that the key to the country�s success has been an empowering social policy agenda that has sought to make young people aware of their rights and the risks of sexual intercourse. Furthermore, family responses and education policy have greatly reduced the potential negative impact of teenage pregnancy on the lives of teenage girls. However, more attention should be paid to issues of gender and sexuality, including the terms and conditions under which teenagers have sex. There needs to be critical reflection and engagement with men and boys on issues of masculinity, including their role in child rearing, as well as examination within families of their support for pregnancy prevention and their responses to pregnancies.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | SOCIAL POLICY | SEX EDUCATION | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341492

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Title: Being a woman: perspectives of low-german-speaking mennonite women.
Author: Kulig JC; Babcock R; Wall M; Hill S
Source: Health Care For Women International. 2009 Apr;30(4):324-38.
Abstract: Understanding the beliefs and knowledge related to women's sexuality is important when working with unique religious groups in order to provide culturally appropriate care. An exploratory, descriptive qualitative study generated knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to menstruation, ovulation, and family planning among Low German-speaking (LGS) Mennonite women (n = 38). There is a pervasive silence that surrounds sexuality among this group, who have a limited understanding of the physiological changes they experience. Honoring religious principles and family and community expectations through acceptable female behavior is essential. Adherence to religious principles varies by family but is not shared with the group to avoid disfavor.
Language: English
Keywords:
CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | BELIEFS | KNOWLEDGE | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Data Collection
Document Number: 341659

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Cultural scripts for multiple and concurrent partnerships in southern Africa: Why HIV prevention needs anthropology.
Author: Leclerc-Madlala S
Source: Sexual Health. 2009;6(2):103-110.
Abstract: Background: Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships have been identified as southern Africa's key behavioural driver of HIV, resulting in calls to make partner reduction programming central to an intensified HIV prevention focus. Various efforts are currently being made in the region in response to this call. Such efforts will likely have as limited success as past prevention efforts if the cultural milieu in which sexual partnering practices are located and reproduced remains poorly understood, unaccounted for, and unaddressed in prevention programming. Methods: Focussed ethnographic discussions were held between October 2007 and November 2008 with 228 members of southern African non-government organisations representing seven countries. Discussions formed part of follow-up activities to a high level regional meeting and were aimed at exploring contextual factors in HIV transmission, most especially the role of culture in relation to multiple and concurrent partnerships. Results: Common patterns in cultural scripts for the performance of sexuality were discernable. Several predominant scripts that tend to affirm and lend cultural legitimacy to multiple and concurrent partnering were identified, discussed and analysed. Conclusion: Effectuating change at the level of cultural scripting to discourage multiple and concurrent partnerships is required for sustainable long-term protection of people and communities against HIV. The success of partner reduction programs will be largely determined by the extent to which they are informed by anthropological knowledge and work with cultural logics to allow people to envision how they can transform obstacles into support for risk reduction. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SOUTHERN | CRITIQUE | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CULTURE | HIV PREVENTION | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | SEXUALITY | INFIDELITY | SEXUAL ABUSE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | WORKSHOPS | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sexual Partners | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Personality | Psychological Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Education
Document Number: 342231

19.
Title: Military men and sexual practices: discourses of 'othering' in safer sex in the light of HIV/AIDS.
Author: Mankayi N
Source: SAHARA J. 2009 Mar;6(1):33-41.
Abstract: Despite recent reports that there is increasing condom use, generally resistance to condom use is still high. This paper focuses on factors inhibiting condom use and explores issues of responsibility for safe sex practices to prevent infection among a group of 14 South African male soldiers. Military men are particularly vulnerable to HIV because of their working conditions; for example, working far from home and being among communities where they have greater economic and political power, as well as in relation to their identities and sexualities as men, and how that is exaggerated by the institutional framework of the military. The data in this paper were drawn from a larger qualitative study exploring a group of military men's narratives on their masculinity, sexuality, sexual relationships and HIV/AIDS. Semi-structured interviews were the main data collection method, and the interview transcripts were analysed primarily through interpretive discourse analysis. Findings of this study show that most participants used the socially desirable discourse that safe sex practices (specifically condom use) should be everybody's responsibility. However, there was also the discourse of the 'other' responsible person, which was linked to gender, race, ethnicity, education and rank. The paper concludes with a recommendation that tackling HIV in the military needs to involve the rigorous examination of social factors such as gender, race and ethnicity.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MILITARY PERSONNEL | AIDS | CONDOM USE | PERCEPTION | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERVIEWS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Personality | Data Collection
Document Number: 341414

20.
Title: Setting up a nurse-led contraceptive clinic for young parents.
Author: Mansey J
Source: Nursing Times. 2009 Mar 24-30;105(11):12-4.
Abstract: This article describes the development of a nurse-led contraceptive and sexual health drop-in clinic, which runs alongside an existing young parents' drop-in service provided by a charity called Key to the Door. The clinic provides young parents, whose average age is 16-25, with access to a variety of first-issue contraceptive methods and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The article explains how the service was developed and provides information from an audit, which shows the clinic's effectiveness and positive outcomes for service users.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | CONTRACEPTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Planning | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331148

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Impact of bariatric surgery on female reproduction.
Author: Merhi ZO
Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Aug 7;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current literature on the impact and potential mechanisms of surgical weight loss on female reproduction, with a focus on changes in reproductive hormone profile, fertility status, measures of ovarian reserve, efficacy of oral contraception, sexuality, and pregnancy. DESIGN: Appraisal of articles relevant to surgical weight loss and female reproduction. RESULT(S): The altered reproductive hormone profile associated with morbid obesity seems to reverse, either partially or totally, after surgical weight loss. Although bariatric surgery seems to improve fertility status and many of the complications associated with obesity in pregnancy, it may be linked to oral contraceptive failure. Although mullerian-inhibiting substance is a direct measure of ovarian reserve, its level changes with obesity and after surgical weight loss. There is a decrease or no change in the risk of miscarriage after bariatric surgery. An improvement in sexual function may follow dramatic surgical weight reduction; however, the possibility of a detrimental influence afterward can occur. CONCLUSION(S): The increasing popularity of bariatric surgery in reproductive-age women calls for greater clinician awareness of its impact on female reproduction.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE AGE | BODY WEIGHT | SURGERY | FERTILITY | OBESITY | CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY | SEXUALITY | RISK FACTORS | IMPACT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Physiology | Biology | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication
Document Number: 342537

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reproductive health in Malta.
Author: Mifsud M; Buttigieg GG; Savona-Ventura C; Delicata S
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Aug;14(4):249-57.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Maltese population traditionally harbours Roman Catholic beliefs that have been gradually secularised. The present study sets out to quantify the consequences of more liberal sexual attitudes in this community. METHODS: We reviewed the reproductive and sexual health indicators reported from Malta and from other selected European countries. We then analysed the findings of a questionnaire study which was carried out among 200 Maltese and 2200 other European individuals to investigate various aspects of their sexual history. RESULTS: A greater proportion of Maltese births occur in teenagers but the out-of-wedlock maternity rate in Malta appears to be the third lowest in Europe. However, the rate appears to have nearly trebled over seven years. Sexually transmitted infections rates in Maltese are either similar to or lower than those reported from the other European countries. The Maltese reported a higher mean age at first intercourse and a lower mean number of sexual partners mainly in women aged over 35 years. They received an earlier sexual education but they still predominantly resorted to unreliable contraception methods at their first sexual encounter. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that sexual behaviour has changed. The educational support to deal with these altered practices is in place but still needs to be reinforced.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALTA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SOCIAL CHANGE | CATHOLICISM | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION | SEXUALITY | ATTITUDES | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX EDUCATION | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Education
Document Number: 342941 Notification

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Barriers and facilitators to maternal communication with preadolescents about age-relevant sexual topics.
Author: Miller KS; Fasula AM; Dittus P; Wiegand RE; Wyckoff SC; McNair L
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):365-74.
Abstract: The present study examined factors that promote parent-child discussions about sex topics. A sample of 1,066 dyads of African American mothers and their 9-12-year-old children participated completing computer-administered surveys. After controlling for all other covariates, mother's sexual communication responsiveness (i.e., knowledge, comfort, skills, and confidence) was the most consistent predictor of discussions. Mothers with higher responsiveness had significantly increased odds of discussions about abstinence, puberty, and reproduction, based on both mother and child reports. In addition, child's age, pubertal development, readiness to learn about sex, and being female were positively associated with an increase in the odds of discussions in most models. Findings indicate that encouraging parents to talk with their children early may not be sufficient to promote parent-child sex discussions. Parents also need the knowledge, comfort, skills, and confidence to communicate effectively and keep them from avoiding these often difficult and emotional conversations with their children.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | BLACKS | MOTHERS | CHILDREN | SEXUALITY | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | OBSTACLES | SEX EDUCATION | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | ATTITUDES | SEX FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication | Organization and Administration | Education | Child Rearing
Document Number: 342862

24.
Peer Reviewed

Title: STD/AIDS prevention in Portuguese-speaking Africa: a review of the recent literature in the social sciences and health.
Author: Monteiro S
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 Mar;25(3):680-6.
Abstract: The article reviews academic literature in the social sciences and health on the problems and challenges of STD/AIDS prevention in Portuguese-speaking African countries. Based on a bibliographic survey of the SciELO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts databases between 1997 and 2007, the research under review was organized into two groups, according to content. The first group of studies sought to understand STD/AIDS vulnerability among social groups by examining local cultural and socioeconomic factors as related to gender dynamics, sexuality, color/race, religion and health care. The second group encompassed critical assessments of shortcomings in the STD/AIDS educational messages delivered by governments and international agencies. Attention is called to the way in which the presence of traditional medicine systems and the occurrence of civil wars in the post-colonial period impact the STD/AIDS epidemic in the African countries under study.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | MOZAMBIQUE | ANGOLA | GUINEA-BISSAU | CAPE VERDE | SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | SEXUALITY | ETHNIC GROUPS | RELIGION | HEALTH SERVICES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | GENDER RELATIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa, Western | Economic Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Gender Issues
Document Number: 342665

25.
Title: [Knowledge of contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality in ninth grade pupils in the municipality of Viborg during a 21-year-period] Viden om praevention, graviditet og seksualitet gennem 21 ar hos 9. klasser i
Author: Nielsen JL; Boelskifte J; Falk J; Lauszus FF; Rasmussen KL
Source: Ugeskrift For Laeger. 2009 Mar 30;171(14):1163-7.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: A study of the sources of and the changes in the knowledge about contraception, pregnancy, and sexuality during a 21-year-period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was handed out on the same day in all ninth grade classes in the Municipality of Viborg without prior notice to teachers or pupils. The results were compared with similar studies performed in 1986, 1993, and 2000. RESULTS: In all 394 of 398 questionnaires were answered. The answers revealed that forty-three percent knew at which time in the cycle pregnancy can occur; boys with sexual debut scored lowest. The time limits for legal abortion were known by 64%, the girls had a higher level of knowledge on this item than the boys. The abortion limits for 16-year-old girls were known by 58%, but here the boys, who had made sexual debut, scored highest and the girls with no prior sexual experience scored lowest. The sources of knowledge changed over the years; screen-based media (TV, internet) now cover more than 30% of both gender's sources, and magazines/pornography comprise more than 50% of girls' and 30% of boys' sources of knowledge. The school's and friends' share in sexual education remained constant, while books and parents as knowledge sources show a downward trend. CONCLUSION: School and friends still play a substantial role in the sexual education of ninth grade pupils, but screen-based media and magazines are now the third-most important source of information and their importance have increased considerably over the past seven years. Knowledge of time limits for abortion, early pregnancy signs and cycle has not changed except for slight gender differences.
Language: Danish
Keywords:
RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY | SEXUALITY | CHANGES | KNOWLEDGE SOURCES | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | SEX EDUCATION | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Reproduction | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Change | Communication | Family and Household | Education
Document Number: 330931

26.

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The language of "sexual minorities" and the politics of identity: a position paper.
Author: Petchesky RP
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):105-110.
Abstract: In any highly contested political domain, language can be a potent force for change or an obstacle to understanding and coalition building across difference. This is surely the case in the global debates over sexuality and gender, where even those terms themselves have aroused heated conflicts. In this spirit, we want to challenge the uncritical use of the term �sexual minorities�, based on a number of historical and conceptual problems with which that term � like the larger thicket of identities and identity politics it signifies � is encumbered. These include: ignoring history, legitimating dubious normativity, fixing biological categories, and recreating exclusions. With this struggle, we seem caught in a modernist dilemma between two desires: to name and honour difference by signifying identities and to avoid exclusivity and hierarchy by reclaiming universals. The insistence of diverse groups on naming themselves and achieving recognition of their distinctness and variety will go on as long as aspirations for democracy exist, because that is the nature and necessity of emancipatory politics. At the same time, our language needs to reflect the fluidity and complexity of sexuality and gender expressions in everyday life and their intricate interweaving with other conditions such as class, race, ethnicity, time and place.
Spanish Abstract: En toda esfera pol�tica muy refutada, el idioma puede ser una fuerza potente para lograr cambios o un obst�culo a la comprensi�n y al desarrollo de coalici�n para saldar diferencias. Indudablemente, ese es el caso en los debates mundiales sobre la sexualidad y el g�nero, donde incluso esos mismos t�rminos han suscitado conflictos acalorados. En ese esp�ritu, queremos cuestionar el uso ciego del t�rmino �minor�as sexuales�, bas�ndonos en varios problemas hist�ricos y conceptuales de los cuales est� cargado ese t�rmino, como el matorral m�s amplio de identidades y pol�tica de identidades que significa. Algunos ejemplos son: hacer caso omiso de la historia, legitimar normatividad dudosa, arreglar categor�as biol�gicas y recrear exclusiones. Con esta lucha, parecemos estar atrapados en un dilema modernista entre dos deseos: nombrar y honrar diferencias expresando identidades y evitar la exclusividad y jerarqu�a reclamando universales. La insistencia de diversos grupos en autonombrarse y lograr el reconocimiento de su particularidad y variedad perdurar� siempre que existan aspiraciones de democracia, porque esa es la naturaleza y necesidad de la pol�tica emancipadora. A la vez, nuestro idioma debe reflejar la fluidez y complejidad de las expresiones de sexualidad y g�nero en la vida cotidiana, as� como su intrincado entrelazado con otras condiciones como clase, raza, etnia, tiempo y lugar.
French Abstract: Dans tout domaine politique tr�s contest�, le langage peut �tre une force puissante de changement ou un obstacle � la compr�hension et � la cr�ation de coalitions d�passant les diff�rences. C'est s�rement le cas dans les d�bats mondiaux sur la sexualit� et le genre, o� m�me ces termes ont suscit� des conflits houleux. Dans cet esprit, nous souhaitons remettre en question l'utilisation non critique de l'expression � minorit�s sexuelles �, en nous basant sur les probl�mes historiques et conceptuels avec lesquels ce terme, comme l'enchev�trement d'identit�s et de politiques identitaires qu'il signifie, est associ�. Ignorer l'histoire, l�gitimer une normativit� douteuse, fixer des cat�gories biologiques et recr�er des exclusions figurent au nombre de ces probl�mes. Avec cette lutte, nous semblons nous trouver dans un dilemme moderniste pris entre deux d�sirs : d�signer et honorer la diff�rence en signifiant des identit�s, et �viter l'exclusivit� et la hi�rarchie en r�cup�rant des normes universelles. L'insistance de divers groupes pour se nommer eux-m�mes et faire reconna�tre leur diff�rence se poursuivra aussi longtemps que les aspirations � la d�mocratie existeront, car telle est la nature et la n�cessit� des politiques �mancipatoires. En m�me temps, notre langage doit refl�ter la fluidit� et la complexit� des expressions de la sexualit� et du genre dans la vie quotidienne et leurs liens complexes avec d'autres conditions comme la classe, la race, l'origine ethnique, le temps et le lieu.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | MINORITY GROUPS | GENDER ISSUES | SEXUALITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | LANGUAGE | ADVOCACY | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | SOCIAL CLASS | HUMAN RIGHTS | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Communication | Social Problems | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342019

28.

Title: Providing sex education to persons with learning disabilities in the era of HIV/AIDS: tensions between discourses of human rights and restriction.
Author: Rohleder P; Swartz L
Source: Journal of Health Psychology. 2009 May;14(4):601-10.
Abstract: Research suggests that disabled people may be at increased risk for HIV infection, yet are excluded from HIV prevention campaigns. Historically people with learning disabilities have been constructed as either being asexual or sexually uninhibited, and sex education considered to be unnecessary or potentially harmful. This article reports on findings of a qualitative study exploring the challenges expressed by participants who provide sex education for persons with learning disabilities, revealing a tension between a human rights discourse and a discourse of restriction of sexual behaviours. Sex education, in the context of HIV/AIDS, may potentially construct sex as dangerous, echoing past constructions of disabled people's sexuality as problematic.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | TEACHERS | DISABLED PERSONS AND DISABILITIES | SEX EDUCATION | CURRICULUM | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HUMAN RIGHTS | SEXUALITY | INTERVIEWS | SEXUAL ABUSE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Education | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 342176

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: In search of sexual pleasure and fidelity: vaginal practices in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Author: Scorgie F; Kunene B; Smit JA; Manzini N; Chersich MF; Preston-Whyte EM
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Apr;11(3):267-83.
Abstract: Vaginal practices, such as intra-vaginal cleansing, drying and tightening, are suspected of placing women at higher risk of acquiring HIV and STIs. Yet, there is limited understanding of what these practices entail, what motivates women to undertake them and what their socio-cultural and historical meanings are. This paper explores the range of vaginal practices used by women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and locates these within the context of local patterns of migration and understandings of sexual health and pleasure. Study activities took place at an urban and rural site employing qualitative research techniques: semi-structured interviewing and an additional ethnographic component in the rural site. Vaginal practices were believed to be ubiquitous and a wide range of substances and procedures were described. Strong motivations for vaginal practices included women's desire to enhance men's sexual pleasure, ensure men's fidelity and exercise agency and control in their relationships. The common use of traditional medicines in this quest to maintain stable relationships and affect the course of love, suggests a complexity that cannot be captured by simple terms like 'dry sex'. We argue instead that any interventions to change women's reliance on vaginal practices must recognise and attend to the broader social contexts in which they are embedded.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADULTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | VAGINA | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | FIDELITY | SEXUALITY | MOTIVATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Culture | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341437

30.

Title: Access to sexual and reproductive health for young people: bridging the disconnect between rights and reality.
Author: Shaw D
Source: International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009;106(2):132-136.
Abstract: Of the 1.5 billion young people globally, 78% live in Asia and Africa, the poorest regions of the world. The majority of young people infected with HIV are female, and adolescent girls have a significant increased risk for maternal mortality and morbidity, such as fistula. Denial of young people's sexuality and rights by conservative and traditional forces has lethal consequences, especially for women and girls. Countries have committed to these rights through numerous international instruments and many are making progress, but challenges at the community level are significant.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | YOUTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | SEX EDUCATION | PROGRAM APPROPRIATENESS | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HUMAN RIGHTS | INEQUALITIES | NEEDS | CONSERVATISM | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339884


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