1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of sexual intercourse on the absorption of levonorgestrel after vaginal administration of 0.75 mg in Carraguard gel: a randomized, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study. Author: Brache V; Croxatto H; Kumar N; Sitruk-Ware R; Cochon L; Schiappacasse V; Sivin I; Munoz C; Maguire R; Faundes A Source: Contraception. 2009 Feb;79(2):150-4. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Population Council studied a pre-coital contraceptive microbicide vaginal product containing levonorgestrel (LNG) as active component and Carraguard gel as a vehicle (Carra/LNG gel) for couples who engage in occasional unplanned intercourse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sexual intercourse after vaginal application of Carra/LNG gel on serum levels of LNG in women and to assess LNG absorption by the male partner. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, cross-over, pharmacokinetic study including an abstinence arm and an arm in which couples engaged in sexual intercourse between 2 and 4 h after gel application. In each study arm, each woman received a single application of Carra/LNG gel (0.75 mg in 4 mL gel) followed by serial blood samples taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after gel application for LNG measurements. In the intercourse arm, LNG was measured in blood samples taken from the male partner before intercourse and at 4, 8 and 24 h after gel application in the female partner. RESULTS: Time concentration curves for serum LNG levels showed a mean C(max) of 7.8+/-5.5 and 8.3+/-5.7 nmol/L, a mean T(max) of 6.2+/-5.9 and 7.5+/-5.7, and comparable area under the curve for the intercourse and abstinence arm, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters presented large variability between subjects, but excellent reproducibility within each subject. LNG was undetectable in 10 out of 12 male partners. CONCLUSION: Sexual intercourse does not appear to interfere with vaginal absorption of LNG after application of a Carra/LNG gel. A vaginal pre-coital contraceptive gel is feasible. Language: English Keywords: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PHYSIOLOGY | LEVONORGESTREL | VAGINAL GEL | MICROBICIDES | TIME FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Biology | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Vaginal Spermicides | Contraceptive Methods | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 331015 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual activity and contraceptive use among secondary-school students in Slovenia. Author: Pinter B; Verdenik I; Grebenc M; Ceh F Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;14(2):127-33. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sexual activity and contraceptive use among secondary-school students in Slovenia. METHODS: A representative sample of 1095 third grade secondary-school students in Slovenia in 2004 was assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The average age of the students was 17.4 +/- 0.7 years. Most students had experienced being in love (92%), dating (82%), kissing (87%), caressing (78%) and petting (61%). One half (53%) of them had already had coitus. Homosexual contacts had occurred among 2% of the boys and 11% of the girls. The main reason for the first sexual intercourse was love (44%) but it occurred by chance in 27% of the cases. Contraceptive methods used foremost at first intercourse were the condom (75%) and the pill (7%). Contraceptive methods resorted to on the occasion of the last intercourse were the condom (50%), the pill (32%), a double method whereby a condom is used in addition to the pill (4%), withdrawal (4%), periodic abstinence (1%), emergency contraception (1%), and other methods (1%); no contraceptive measures at all were applied in 7% of the encounters. CONCLUSIONS: At the age of 17 about one half of secondary-school students in Slovenia have already had sexual intercourse. Most students resort to effective contraception, but the double method is underused. Language: English Keywords: SLOVENIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STUDENTS | HOMOSEXUALS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | LOVE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEX FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | CONDOM USE | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Behavior | Schools | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 330934 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: In search of sexual pleasure and fidelity: vaginal practices in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Author: Scorgie F; Kunene B; Smit JA; Manzini N; Chersich MF; Preston-Whyte EM Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 Apr;11(3):267-83. Abstract: Vaginal practices, such as intra-vaginal cleansing, drying and tightening, are suspected of placing women at higher risk of acquiring HIV and STIs. Yet, there is limited understanding of what these practices entail, what motivates women to undertake them and what their socio-cultural and historical meanings are. This paper explores the range of vaginal practices used by women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and locates these within the context of local patterns of migration and understandings of sexual health and pleasure. Study activities took place at an urban and rural site employing qualitative research techniques: semi-structured interviewing and an additional ethnographic component in the rural site. Vaginal practices were believed to be ubiquitous and a wide range of substances and procedures were described. Strong motivations for vaginal practices included women's desire to enhance men's sexual pleasure, ensure men's fidelity and exercise agency and control in their relationships. The common use of traditional medicines in this quest to maintain stable relationships and affect the course of love, suggests a complexity that cannot be captured by simple terms like 'dry sex'. We argue instead that any interventions to change women's reliance on vaginal practices must recognise and attend to the broader social contexts in which they are embedded. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADULTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | VAGINA | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | FIDELITY | SEXUALITY | MOTIVATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Culture | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors Document Number: 341437 |
| 4. Title: Association of sexual intercourse with psychological suppression and copying modes for vocational school students. Author: Wang L; Wang XJ; Tu XW; Lou CH; Gao E Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2009 Jun;20(2):101-112. Abstract: Objective To evaluate the association of sex behavior with sexual related psychological suppression and coping modes among students in three vocational schools in Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 368 grade one students from three vocational schools in a district of Shanghai, with Computer Assisted Self-Interview (CASI). The field work began in the April, 2003 for a baseline survey, and completed in the December, 2003. Data on students’ sexual intercourse, sexual related psychological suppression and psychological coping modes, and communication with parents were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to adjust the potential confounding factors. Results After controlling for demographic factors, adolescents with middle or high scores of active psychological coping strategies on sexual related events were less likely to have sexual intercourse (OR adj=0.48. 95%CI=0.30-0.77 and ORadj=0.49, 95%CI=0.30-0.83, respectively), while association between psychological suppression on sex related events and sexual intercourse was not statistically significant (ORadj=0.93, 95%CI=0.63-1.37); sexual related psychological suppression and active coping modes were positively associated with adolescents’ communicating with parents for 2-7h/week about school things, but negatively associated with parents’ open attitudes towards heterosexual contacts and talking sex related things with others. Conclusion Vocational school students with active psychological coping strategies on sexual related events were less likely to engage in sexual intercourse, so interventions focus on reducing unprotected sexual behaviors should target on psychological coping modes skills training. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | ANXIETY DISORDERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Behavior | Personality | Reproduction | Child Rearing Document Number: 339902 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in an Asian country: multilevel ecological factors. Author: Wong ML; Chan RK; Koh D; Tan HH; Lim FS; Emmanuel S; Bishop G Source: Pediatrics. 2009 Jul;124(1):e44-52. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal was to assess personal and environmental factors associated with premarital sex among adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study. Between 2006 and 2008, we recruited 500 adolescents who reported having engaged in voluntary sex for most recent sex. Five hundred control subjects were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS: Independently significant factors for premarital sex among boys were pornography viewing (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.82 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-14.43]), lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 3.84 [95% CI: 2.27-6.50]), perception that more than one half of their friends had engaged in sex (OR: 3.37 [95% CI: 1.92-5.92]), permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 3.41 [95% CI: 2.10-5.55]), involvement in gang activities (OR: 3.45 [95% CI: 1.66-7.15]), drinking (OR: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.07-2.94]), smoking (OR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.14-3.20]), and living in low-cost housing (OR: 3.25 [95% CI: 1.64-6.43]). For girls, additional factors were previous sexual abuse (OR: 7.81 [95% CI: 2.50-24.41]) and dropping out of school (OR: 2.72 [95% CI: 1.32-5.61]), and stronger associations were found for lack of confidence to resist peer pressure (OR: 5.56 [95% CI: 2.94-10.53]) and permissiveness regarding premarital sex (OR: 6.25 [95% CI: 3.30-11.83]). Exposure to persons with HIV/AIDS or sexually transmitted infections in the media was negatively associated with sex for boys (OR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.16-0.45]) and girls (OR: 0.24 [95% CI: 0.13-0.47]). CONCLUSION: Sex education programs for adolescents must address social, media, and pornographic influences and incorporate skills to negotiate sexual abstinence. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | FILM AND VIDEO | PEER GROUPS | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mass Media | Communication | Knowledge Sources Document Number: 342886 |
| 6. Title: Trends in sexual risk behavior and unprotected sex among high school students, 1991-2005: the role of substance use. Author: Anderson JE; Mueller TE Source: Journal of School Health. 2008 Nov;78(11):575-80. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the trends in sexual activity and unprotected sex among substance-using youth, we examined data from the 1991-2005 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys on drug and alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. METHOD: We examined the association of alcohol and illicit drug use with recent sexual activity and unprotected sex. We assessed linear trends in behaviors and assessed logistic regression models to examine the relationship of alcohol and illicit drug use on trends in the behavioral outcomes. RESULTS: Strong associations exist between recent sexual activity and alcohol and illicit drug use from 1991 to 2005. In the multivariate model, the odds ratio of having sex in the past 3 months for lifetime illicit drug users compared with nonusers was 3.84 (CI = 3.48-4.23). Among past-month alcohol users compared to nonusers, the odds ratio was 3.23 (CI = 2.93-3.58). Overall, the trend in sexual activity was downward but not for users of alcohol and illicit drugs. Among the sexually active, unprotected sex was not associated with alcohol use over this time period but was associated with illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Illicit drug and alcohol use have a strong association with being recently sexually active. Trends in reported sexual activity declined during 1991-2005, but the trends among alcohol and drug users have not. Many youth remain at dual risk from both substance use and sexual behaviors. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | SURVEYS | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | CHANGES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Reproduction | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 329617 |
| 7. Title: Changes in genital injury patterns over time in women after consensual intercourse. Author: Anderson SL; Parker BJ; Bourguignon CM Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2008 Jul;15(5):306-11. Abstract: To date, there are no studies in the literature addressing whether or not microscopic genital injuries change over time or change in appearance during the 72 h time period following intercourse. In this study, women (n=35) had two evidentiary type pelvic examinations to document injuries after consensual intercourse. At Time 1 (within 48 h of consensual intercourse) a: larger total surface area of injury (p=0.02); larger surface area of injury to the posterior fourchette (p=0.02); larger surface area of abrasions (p=0.04); and larger surface area of redness (p=0.04) were found compared to Time 2 (24 h after Time 1). Since this research is exploratory, larger studies are needed to explore the differences in genital injuries based on the time of examination and in women after non-consensual intercourse. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | PREVALENCE | GENITALIA, FEMALE | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES | TIME FACTORS | COLPOSCOPY | SEXUAL ABUSE | RAPE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Measurement | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Reproduction | Health | Population Dynamics | Endoscopy | Physical Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 328833 |
8.  Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence of major HIV- risk related behaviour among SSS3 students in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Author: Aomreore AA; Alikor EA Source: African Journal of Health Sciences. 2008 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):42-49. Abstract: The paper intended to find the prevalence of HIV infection risk-related behaviours among third year senior secondary school students in Port Harcourt metropolis. A cross-sectional survey among 1800 third year senior secondary school students randomly selected from thirteen secondary schools in Port Harcourt metropolis was done using two-stage sampling technique. Demographic data and information on the sexual behaviour of each student in the study group was obtained from self-administered structured questionnaire. The prevalence of sexual intercourse was 61.1%. Males were more sexually active than females. Age of first sexual intercourse was 13.2 +or- 5.6 years for males and 13.9 +or- 4.1 years for females. Of the sexually active students, 32.6% had multiple sexual partners. Sexual activity of the students did not increase with age. The prevalence of Intravenous drug use (IVDU) was found to be 1.4%. The use of intravenous drugs was more among the males (80.8%) than among the females. The prevalence of blood transfusion is 10.3%. Among the sexually active students only 437 (36.9%) used condom. Sex of student, social class and school gender were significant predictors of ever-had sexual activity. The paper concludes that the prevalence of sexual behaviour related to the development of HIV/AIDS amongst the students is high. The need to highlight HIV/AIDS education programmes in the school curriculum of adolescents is discussed. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | URBAN POPULATION | STUDENTS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | IV DRUG USERS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | PREVALENCE | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEX FACTORS | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Drug Use and Abuse | Schools | Measurement | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproduction Document Number: 323097 |
| 9. Title: The association of childhood personality on sexual risk taking during adolescence. Author: Atkins R Source: Journal of School Health. 2008 Nov;78(11):594-600. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexual risk taking during adolescence such as failure to use contraception or condoms is associated with premature parenthood and high rates of sexually transmitted infection. The relation of childhood personality to sexual risk taking during adolescence has been largely unexplored. METHODS: Using data collected from participants in the Child Sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (CS-NLSY) when they were 5 or 6 years of age (time 1) and 17 or 18 years of age (time 2), the relation of childhood personality to sexual risk taking during adolescence was investigated. Maternal ratings of childhood personality were used to derive resiliency, undercontrol, and overcontrol prototypical profile scores for a diverse sample of 1219 child participants from the CS-NLSY. At time 2, participants reported whether they failed to use oral contraception or condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of personality to sexual risk taking. RESULTS: Proximity to the overcontrolled personality prototype at time 1 was associated with a decreased likelihood of sexual risk taking. Age, male gender, and childhood cognitive achievement were also significant predictors of sexual risk taking. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that children with personality profiles in which internalizing traits are more prominent are less likely than their peers to engage in sexual risk taking during late adolescence. The findings of this study augment previous studies that indicate that personality is an important predictor of development and underscore the importance of conducting research into the processes by which personality influences health behavior. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | PERSONALITY | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction Document Number: 329616 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Socio-demographic factors influence contraception use among female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). Author: Bjelica A Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Dec;13(4):422-30. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify some of the socio-demographic factors that influence the use of contraception among female university students and to gain a deeper insight into their contraceptive behaviour. METHODS: The study encompassed 597 randomly chosen, sexually active, second- and third-year female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). The questionnaire, specially designed for the purpose of this investigation, covered a number of socio-demographic factors that could presumably influence the contraceptive behaviour of the polled students. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences among the respondents with respect to contraception use appeared to be: mother's education, presence of an elder sibling in the family, motivation for engaging in sexual intercourse, talking with friends, as well as self-assessment of the knowledge about contraception. CONCLUSION: The identified socio-demographic factors that influence the contraceptive behaviour of female students should allow to devise appropriate strategies for the promotion of the use of contraception by this young population. Language: English Keywords: SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | STUDENTS | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS | MOTIVATION | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PEER PRESSURE | SELF-PERCEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Education | Population | Schools | Contraception | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction | Psychosocial Factors | Perception Document Number: 331097 |
| 11. Title: Prevalence and social correlates of sexual intercourse among school-going adolescents in Namibia. Author: Chinsembu KC; Siziya S; Muula AS; Rudatsikira E Source: SAHARA J. 2008 Sep;5(3):129-35. Abstract: Adolescent sexuality is an important public health issue, as it affects risk to contract HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The assessment of prevalence of sexual intercourse among adolescents is of public health significance, as it may guide policies and programmes aimed at reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections among this age group. This cross-sectional study using standardised methodology was conducted to assess the prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among Namibian school-going adolescents in 2004. Overall the prevalence of sexual intercourse was 33.2% (44.0% males and 24.8% females). Variables positively associated with the outcome in multivariate analysis were male gender (OR=2.39; 95% CI (1.81, 3.17)), cigarette smoking (OR=1.67; 95% CI (1.07, 2.63)), alcohol drinking (OR=1.63; 95% CI (1.18, 2.26)), and drug use (OR=9.82; 95% CI (6.28, 15.36). Parental supervision was negatively associated with sexual intercourse in the last 12 months (OR=0.73; 95% CI (0.56, 0.94)). Efforts to control unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use) may impact on adolescents' sexual activity. Language: English Keywords: NAMIBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | PEER GROUPS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | RISK FACTORS | PREVALENCE | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Reproduction | Biology | Measurement | Behavior Document Number: 330339 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Clinic-based intervention reduces unprotected sexual behavior among HIV-infected patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: results of a pilot study. Author: Cornman DH; Kiene SM; Christie S; Fisher WA; Shuper PA; Pillay S; Friedland GH; Thomas CM; Lodge L; Fisher JD Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008 Aug 15;48(5):553-60. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, fidelity, and effectiveness of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention delivered to HIV-infected patients by counselors during routine clinical care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: A total of 152 HIV-infected patients, aged 18 years and older, receiving clinical care at an urban hospital in South Africa, were randomly assigned to intervention or standard-of-care control counselors. Intervention counselors implemented a brief risk reduction intervention at each clinical encounter to help patients reduce their unprotected sexual behavior. Self-report questionnaires were administered at baseline and 6 months to assess number of unprotected sex events in previous 3 months. RESULTS: Intervention was delivered in 99% of routine patient visits and included a modal 8 of 8 intervention steps. Although HIV-infected patients in both conditions reported more vaginal and anal sex events at 6-month follow-up than at baseline, patients whoreceived the counselor-delivered intervention reported a significant decrease over time in number of unprotected sexual events. There was a marginally significant increase in these events among patients in the standard-of-care control condition. CONCLUSIONS: A counselor-delivered HIV prevention intervention targeting HIV-infected patients seems to be feasible to implement with fidelity in the South African clinical care setting and effective at reducing unprotected sexual behavior. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | KAP SURVEYS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | HIV PREVENTION | COUNSELING | SAFER SEX | ANAL SEX | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | MOTIVATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproduction | Psychological Factors Document Number: 328288 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Prevalence, correlates, and efficacy of selective avoidance as a sexually transmitted disease prevention strategy among African American adolescent females. Author: DiClemente RJ; Wingood GM; Crosby RA; Salazar LF; Rose E Source: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 2008 Jan;162(1):60-65. Abstract: The objectives were to identify the prevalence and correlates of selective avoidance (SA) of sexual intercourse among African American adolescent females at risk for sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition and transmission. The design used was a cross-sectional study. The setting for the study was health clinics. The participants were African American females (N=715) between the ages of 15 and 21 years. The main outcome measures were self-reported sexual behaviors and laboratory-confirmed STDs. Among the participants, 35.4% used SA as a strategy to prevent STD acquisition; 25.7% used SA to prevent STD transmission. Use of SA was not associated with current STD status. In multivariable analyses, adolescents who had sexual intercourse with 2 or more partners in the past 60 days, those who had high fear related to condom use negotiation, and those who discussed STD prevention with their sexual partners were 2.05 times more likely (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-3.20), 1.55 times more likely (95% CI, 1.09-2.19), and 2.00 times more likely (95% CI, 1.38-2.90), respectively, to use SA to prevent STD acquisition, and the same groups were 2.62 times more likely (95% CI, 1.62-4.24), 1.60 times more likely (95% CI, 1.10-2.32), and 2.13 times more likely (95% CI, 1.39-3.26), respectively, to use SA to prevent STD transmission. This study provides initial evidence suggesting that SA as a risk-reduction strategy specifically used to prevent STD acquisition and/or transmission may be common among African American adolescent females. Based on a lack of differences in STD prevalence, we recommend that clinicians and prevention programs discourage the use of SA as an STD prevention strategy and encourage adolescent females to use condoms consistently and correctly with all male sexual partners. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | BLACKS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | RECOMMENDATIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Behavior | Reproduction Document Number: 323371 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: How young is "too young"? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions. Author: Dixon-Mueller R Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Dec;39(4):247-262. Abstract: This study puts forth three criteria for assessing the extent to which the timing of sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions among male and female adolescents could be considered "too young": (1) the physiological maturation of the body; (2) the cognitive capacity for making safe, informed, and voluntary decisions; and (3) institutionalized concepts of "old enough" for consent to sexual intercourse and marriage as reflected in legal frameworks and international standards. Expansion of the age grouping of adolescence is proposed, from the customary 15-19 into three age categories-early adolescence (ages 10-14, or 10-11 and 12-14), middle adolescence (15-17), and late adolescence (18-19)-to better capture the age-specific variations in the trajectories of male and female sexual, marital, and reproductive events. An application of the three adolescent development criteria to the timing of transitions observed in Demographic and Health Surveys in 64 developing countries leads to the conclusion that boys and girls aged 14 and younger are universally "too young" to make safe and consensual transitions; that 15-17-year-olds may or may not be too young, depending on their circumstances; and that 18-year-olds are generally "old enough." Policies and programs should focus on capacity building and the creation of an enabling environment for making safe and voluntary transitions among all age groups, but particularly among 10-14-year-olds, whose sexual and reproductive health and rights are so clearly at stake. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | MINORS | PHYSIOLOGY | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | INTELLIGENCE | DECISION MAKING | AGE FACTORS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | MARRIAGE AGE | CHILD MARRIAGE | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Population Characteristics | Biology | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality Document Number: 328189 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Risk of HIV transmission in discordant couples. Author: Garnett GP; Gazzard B Source: Lancet. 2008 Jul 26;372(9635):270-1. Abstract: In view of the fact that successful antiretroviral treatment of HIV dramatically reduces viraemia and that the risk of HIV transmission in discordant heterosexual couples depends on viral load, it seems remarkable how muted discussion has been of the potential role of treatment in reducing risks of infection. However, a consensus statement by the Swiss National AIDS Commission advised that after 6 months' treatment, if the virus is undetectable in the plasma and in the absence of another sexually transmitted infection, the risk of transmitting HIV is negligible. There has been subsequent debate on the validity and wisdom of the statement, including in today's Lancet in which David Wilson and colleagues illustrate the implications of over-optimism about reduced transmission in discordant couples. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK ASSESSMENT | CONDOM USE | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Evaluation | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | HIV Document Number: 328273 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Young women's perceived ability to refuse sex in urban Cameroon. Author: Hattori MK; DeRose L Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Dec;39(4):309-320. Abstract: In many sub-Saharan African countries, young women face decreasing educational opportunities, age asymmetries between sexual partners, and high prevalence of HIV infection. This study draws upon data from the 2002 Cameroon Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey to analyze the determinants of young women's perceived ability to refuse sex in urban Cameroon. Our findings are consistent with predictions of social exchange theory: young women's status characteristics predict their vulnerability differently under different circumstances, and, overall, young women report having a lower ability to refuse sex in their relationships with men who offer to pay their school fees than in their relationships with men in positions of power over them. The costs and benefits of sexual exchanges made in order to continue one's education increase simultaneously in a context of declining enrollments and spreading HIV infection. When educational aspirations exceed opportunities, policy supporting access to education could reduce young women's need to employ their sexual resources in order to invest in their future. Language: English Keywords: CAMEROON | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | HEALTH SURVEYS | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | URBAN POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | PERCEPTION | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | DECISION MAKING | WOMEN'S STATUS | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | HIV TRANSMISSION | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Reproduction | Socioeconomic Factors | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 328193 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: The relationship between HAART use and sexual activity among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Brazil, South Africa, and Uganda. Author: Kaida A; Gray G; Bastos FI; Andia I; Maier M Source: AIDS Care. 2008 Jan;20(1):21-25. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether current HAART use is associated with recent sexual intercourse among HIV-infected women (18_49 years) from Brazil, South Africa and Uganda. We conducted an analysis of survey data from a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 179 HIV-infected women receiving regular care from the Mbarara Hospital HIV Clinic in Uganda (n = 85); the Perinatal HIV Research Unit in Soweto, South Africa (n = 50); and the IPEC-Fiocruz cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 44). The primary outcome was sexual intercourse in the previous month. Secondary outcomes were protected sex and contraceptive use. We found that overall, 46% reported recent sexual intercourse. After adjusting for covariates, recent sexual intercourse was not associated with HAART use (AOR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.34-1.72); however, it was significantly associated with being currently married, wanting to have more children and having higher HAART optimism. Among women reporting recent sexual intercourse (n = 83), HAART users were significantly more likely to practice protected sex (crude OR: 3.64; 95%CI: 1.41-9.38) and non-significantly more likely to use contraceptive methods (crude OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 0.77-5.99). In summary, self-reported recent sexual intercourse is not more likely among women on HAART. Moreover, sexually active HAART users may be more likely to practice protected sex and use contraceptives. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | PREVALENCE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sampling Studies | Studies | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV | Health | Reproduction | Contraception | Family Planning | Measurement Document Number: 324648 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Assessing female condom acceptability among heterosexual Spanish couples. Author: Lameiras Fernandez M; Failde Garrido JM; Castro YR; Nunez Mangana AM; Carrera Fernandez MV; Foltz ML Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2008 Sep;13(3):255-63. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptability of the female condom in a sample of young heterosexual Spanish couples. METHODS: The sample was made up of 45 couples (90 participants) from Spain. The age range was from 19 to 42 years. The study was carried out in three stages: pre-trial, post-trial, and follow-up (one year later). RESULTS: Before the intervention, 88 participants (97.8%) had heard about the female condom, although 73 participants (81.2%) claimed to know very little about the method, and barely one-third had seen one. The appraisals after the trial period reveal differing levels of satisfaction with the method, with no significant differences found by gender. Those participants who used a greater number of condoms during the trial period pointed out more positive points about the method, but also more negative points. Of the 17 couples who continued to participate in the follow-up stage (one year after the trial stage), only one (5.9%) still used the female condom. However, 10 men (58.8%) and 8 women (47.1%) expressed a willingness to use it in the future, and 12 women (70.6%) and 11 men (64.7%) had told friends and acquaintances about it. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that although the female condom is considered to be a useful method, it is still largely unknown and requires further promotion if it is to be used by young couples. Language: English Keywords: SPAIN | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | FEMALE CONDOMS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CONTRACEPTION | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | Europe, Southwestern | Europe | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Usage | Family Planning | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Reproduction Document Number: 329684 |
| 19. Title: A model of the differentiation and relative incidence of glandular versus squamous cell neoplasia of the uterine cervix: connection between incidence and etiology. Author: Leppaluoto PA Source: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2008;87(8):800-3. Abstract: It has remained unclear why cervical adenocarcinoma, as observed in consecutive screening, has rapidly increased during the past decades, while at the same time both that of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the combined toll of adeno- and SCC have consistently decreased. Here it is argued that this might be ascribed to coitus-related changes in the cervicovaginal milieu, where the target cells become infected through a coital act. Frequent alterations in vaginal acidity and changing sexual habits in the era after the oral contraceptive pills and even after the introduction of erectile dysfunction medication, contribute to the pathogenetic scene. Language: English Keywords: FINLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | INCIDENCE | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | GENITAL EFFECTS, MALE | NEOPLASMS | CERVICAL EFFECTS | HPV | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | VAGINOSIS | Europe, Northern | Europe | Developed Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Reproduction | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Cervix | Uterus | Genitalia, Female | Viral Diseases | Contraception | Family Planning | Vaginal Abnormalities Document Number: 328662 |
| 20. Title: Efficacy and safety of alprostadil cream for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Chinese population. Author: Liao Q; Zhang M; Geng L; Wang X; Song X Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 Aug;5(8):1923-1931. Abstract: Introduction. To date, no approved medication is available for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD). Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a novel alprostadil topical cream for the treatment of FSAD. Methods. This was a multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design dose-ranging study. Four hundred female patients with FSAD (22-62 years of age), after a 4-week nontreatment baseline period, were provided with 10 blinded doses of 500, 700, or 900 mcg alprostadil or a placebo cream to be applied to the clitoris and the G-spot in the vagina prior to vaginal intercourse. Main Outcome Measures. The primary efficacy end point was the arousal success rate (equal number of the Yes responses to Question 3 of the Female Sexual Encounter Profile [FSEP] or number of the sexual encounters). Secondary endpoints included the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Global Assessment Questionnaire, other FSEP question responses, and post-treatment changes in Female Sexual Distress Scale. Results. A total of 374 FSAD patients completed the study. Primary efficacy analysis of the intent-to-treat (ITT) population showed a significant increase in arousal success rates with dose. Arousal success rates at the end of the total evaluation period were 33.1%, 46.3% (P = 0.0161), 43.5% (P = 0.0400), and 53.9% (P = 0.0002) in the placebo, 500, 700, and 900 mcg alprostadil groups, respectively. The changes of the FSFI score, relative to baseline were 14.7%, 20.7% (P = 0.067), 21.7% (P = 0.035), and 22.9% (P = 0.002) for the placebo, 500, 700, and 900 mcg treatment groups, respectively. The other secondary efficacy end point values showed a consistent trend in support of the primary efficacy results. Conclusion. These results demonstrated that the application of topical alprostadil prior to vaginal intercourse significantly improved the sexual arousal rate of the subjects with FSAD. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES | EVALUATION INDEXES | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | LUBRICANTS | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | SATISFACTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Studies | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Reproduction | Ingredients and Chemicals | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 328069 |
| 21. Title: Is condom use the answer to preventing HIV transmission through sexual intercourse? [letter] Author: Lofor PV Source: Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2008 Dec;11(4):400. Abstract: The strong advocacy of the use of the condom during sexual intercourse for the prevention of the spread of HIV transmission may no longer hold water. HIV is known to be transmitted through body fluids like breast milk, vaginal and cervical secretions, to which the supposed man wearing a condom over his phallus may be coming directly in contact with through sucking the female breast milk into his mouth or rubbing and/or putting his bare fingers into the wet vagina. This act is usually part of the normal sexual activity in order to achieving sexual gratification by both partners. From this, follows that during sexual intercourse if the female is HIV positive she can easily transmit the HIV to her partner who is obviously not wearing a condom over his mouth nor fingers. Also this applies to lesbianism, and oral sex. The normal acidic PH of the stomach may not be enough to kill the virus (C.F. HIV transmission to breastfed infants with gastric PH<5). This transmission may even be made easier in men with gastric PH like those on antacids. A sexually active woman can be lactating for a long period during her reproductive life, especially when she is "Baby friendly" in which she is encouraged to breastfeed her baby for up to two years or more during which period she is sexually active. Moreover, contact of the bare fingers whose skin normally undergo the usual wear and tear as the days activities are carried out with them through handling of objects with eventual abrasions which may even be microscopic with vaginal secretions teaming with HIV from the HIV positive female during sexual intercourse can lead to an increase ease of spread of this viral pandemic rather than halt it; since the protective condom is only over the phallus and not the fingers. In conclusion, I suggest that the use of the condom as a means of preventing the spread of HIV should be reconsidered and revisited, if HIV spread is to be brought under control like the smallpox virus of 1973. (full-text) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CONDOM USE | HIV PREVENTION | HIV TRANSMISSION | RISK FACTORS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Health | Reproduction Document Number: 330919 |
| 22. Title: Assessing unwanted early sexual experiences in a South-African sample. Author: Nicholas LJ Source: Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 2008 Jan;34(1):45-49. Abstract: This study assessed the prevalence of unwanted early sexual experiences of 1434 first-year university students, of whom 409 (28.5%) reported exposure to early unwanted sexual experiences. Most respondents reported knowing the perpetrator (80.2%) and being exposed to the unwanted behavior once (175; 45.7%). The most common coercive practice was "talk" (109; 38%) followed by being scared because they were bigger and stronger (61; 21.3%). (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | SEXUAL ABUSE | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | SEX FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Reproduction | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 325983 |
| 23. Title: Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life in women with coital incontinence: A prospective, multicenter study. Author: Oh SJ; Choo MS; Kim HS; Kim JC; Lee JG Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2008 Jan;65(1):62-67. Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of coital incontinence on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. A total of 180 women with sexual activity were evaluated. To obtain HRQOL assessments, patients were asked to fill out the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) questionnaires. The coital incontinence group had more frequently symptoms including urgency, urge incontinence, bladder pain, stress incontinence, unpredictable incontinence, nocturnal incontinence, reduced stream, and stopping flow than the no coital incontinence group. The frequency of incontinence and volume of leakage were also higher in the coital incontinence group than the no coital incontinence group. All symptom questions regarding sexual matters and quality of life except cutting down on fluid were more frequent in patients with coital incontinence than those without coital incontinence. Of the eight domains in the SF-36 questionnaire, five domains, namely, Physical functioning, Role-physical functioning, Social functioning, Role-emotional functioning, and Mental health were significantly different between the two groups. When comparing the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms scores in the two groups, the scores in all domains except Voiding symptoms in the coital incontinence group were significantly higher than those in the no coital incontinence group. Patients with coital incontinence had more HRQOL impairment than those without coital incontinence. Our study reveals that more emphasis should be placed on coital incontinence in the terminology of urinary incontinence. (author's) Language: English Keywords: REPUBLIC OF KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | EVALUATION | UROGENITAL EFFECTS | COMPLICATIONS | IMPACT | QUALITY OF LIFE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Communication | Social Welfare | Economic Factors Document Number: 323127 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse among South African high school students. Author: Palen LA; Smith EA; Caldwell LL; Flisher AJ; Wegner L Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008 Mar;42(3):221-227. Abstract: This study aims to describe patterns of inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse among a sample of South African adolescents. Consistency of reported lifetime sexual intercourse was assessed using five semiannual waves of data. Odds ratios related inconsistent reporting to demographic variables and potential indicators of general and risk-behavior-specific reliability problems. Of the sexually active participants in the sample, nearly 40% reported being virgins after sexual activity had been reported at an earlier assessment. Inconsistent reporting could not be predicted by gender or race or by general indicators of poor reliability (inconsistent reporting of gender and birth year). However individuals with inconsistent reports of sexual intercourse were more likely to be inconsistent reporters of substance use. These results suggest that researchers need to undertake efforts to deal specifically with inconsistent risk behavior data. These may include modification of data collection procedures and use of statistical methodologies that can account for response inconsistencies. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DATA COLLECTION | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | RELIABILITY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Measurement Document Number: 324200 |
| 25. Title: Trends in teen sexual behaviour and condom use. Author: Rotermann M Source: Health Reports / Statistics Canada. 2008 Sep;19(3):53-7. Abstract: Results from the 1996/1997 National Population Health Survey and the 2003 and 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey suggest that the proportion of teens who have had sexual intercourse has declined. In 2005, 43% of 15- to 19-year-olds reported that they had had sexual intercourse at least once, down from 47% in 1996/1997. As well, the proportion of teens reporting that they had become sexually active before age 15 declined. About one-third of those who had had intercourse in the previous year did so with more than one partner. Condom use was reported by around three-quarters of sexually active 15- to 19-year-olds who had had multiple partners or who were not married or in a common-law relationship. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SEXUALITY | SEXUAL PARTNERS | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | AGE FACTORS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Planning Document Number: 329828 |
| 26. Title: Evaluation of quality of life and sexual functioning of women using levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive system--Mirena. Author: Skrzypulec V; Drosdzol A Source: Collegium Antropologicum. 2008 Dec;32(4):1059-68. Abstract: The advantages ensuing from the high contraceptive efficacy, positive effect on the parameters of the menstrual cycle as well as other values of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system may play an important role in women's sexual life. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on the quality of life and sexual functioning of women. The research encompassed 200 women aged between 30 and 45. 52 women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system were qualified to the study as the research group (Mirena Group). The control groups consisted of 48 women using a different type of intrauterine device (Control Group I--Other IUD) and 50 women using no contraception (Control Group II). A specific questionnaire with a general part concerning socio-demographic conditions, a part dealing with contraception and Polish version of self-evaluation inventories: Short Form-36 Health Survey, Female Sexual Function Index and Mell-Krat Scale was used as a research tool. Quality of life parameters for women using the Mirena system were higher than for the control groups, especially in the aspect of general health, energy/fatigue and emotional well-being. A significant beneficial effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on sexual functioning (sexual desire and arousal) was also revealed in the study. Sexual dysfunctions were diagnosed in 20.8% of Other IUD, 34.7% of Control Group II and 9.6% of Mirena Group. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system increases female quality of life and sexual functioning parameters. Language: English Keywords: POLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | QUALITY OF LIFE | IUD, HORMONE RELEASING | LEVONORGESTREL | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | SATISFACTION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | IUD | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Reproduction | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 329795 |
| 27. Title: The prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunction in young Korean women: An internet-based survey. Author: Song SH; Jeon H; Kim SW; Paick JS; Son H Source: Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008;:[8] p. Abstract: In Korea, although male sexual problems have been relatively well addressed, few surveys have been conducted on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in the general population. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and identified the risk factors of sexual dysfunction in young Korean women. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of FSD in young Korean women. A total of 47,000 women were initially approached. All received an e-mail requesting that they participate in a Web-based survey. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire requesting detailed medical and sexual histories, which included the questions contained in the Korean version of the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire. The prevalence of FSD in young Korean women in the different age groups and risk factors for developing FSD. A total of 504 women of average age 28.5 years (18-52 years) were evaluated during this survey. Setting the cutoff score for FSD using a receiver operating characteristic curve of our data as 25.0 points, 43.1% of women under 40 years old reported FSD. FSD was detected as a desire problem in 44.0% of women, an arousal problem in 49.0%, a lubrication problem in 37.0%, an orgasm problem in 32.0%, a satisfaction problem in 37.0%, and a pain problem in 34.6%. Risk factors for FSD as determined by logistic regression analysis were increasing age, a low frequency of sex, depression, a sexually abused history, and voiding dysfunction. The prevalence of FSD in Korean young women was common and comparable to those reported worldwide. (author's) Language: English Keywords: KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | INTERNET | WOMEN | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALITY | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | DECREASED LIBIDO | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Information Networks | Communication | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Reproduction | Measurement | Biology | Population Characteristics Document Number: 326081 |
| 28. Title: Key components in planning, implementing and monitoring a behavior change communication campaign that increased condom use among male clients of sex workers in Southern India. Author: Ward D; Hess R; Lefebvre RC Source: Cases in Public Health Communication and Marketing. 2008 Aug;2:105-125. Abstract: India is home to nearly 10% of all people living with HIV worldwide or approximately 2.5 million people. The primary mode of HIV transmission in India is heterosexual commercial sex. In conjunction with the Avahan India AIDS Initiative, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Population Services International (PSI) developed and implemented an intervention to reduce HIV incidence, in part by increasing consistent condom use among heterosexual male commercial sex clients in southern India. The project focused on 100 "high priority" towns in the provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The intervention targeted heterosexual male commercial sex clients of low socio-economic status in the high priority towns. Communication activities focused on interpersonal methods, such as street plays, contests, and group discussions. The project was largely successful in meeting its objective. Clients of commercial sex workers increased their reported consistent condom use during commercial sex from a baseline of 63% in May 2006 to 81% in May 2007 following the intervention. This 18% increase is strongly correlated with exposure to PSI's communication activities (p<0.01), and indicates a high level of achievement as compared to other voluntary behavior change communications campaigns. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | EVALUATION REPORT | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | SEX WORKERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | MEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CAMPAIGNS | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | CONDOM USE | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | HIV PREVENTION | GROUP MEETING | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproduction | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Risk Reduction Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 323153 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Male condoms that break in use do so mostly by a "blunt puncture" mechanism. Author: White ND; Hill DM; Bodemeier S Source: Contraception. 2008 May;77(5):360-365. Abstract: Published condom breakage studies typically report the percentage of failures but rarely provide any evidence on the mechanism of failure. Over a period of 7 years, broken condoms returned to a supplier (SSL, Durex) via consumer complaints were examined to determine the cause of failure. Also, some consumers who reported breakage but did not return condoms were sent a questionnaire on the causes of breakage. Finally, theories proposed for the mechanism of breakage were investigated on a laboratory coital model. Nearly 1000 (n=972) returned condoms made from natural rubber and polyurethane were examined. Visible features on those that were broken, were classified. Evidence combined from examining returns, questionnaire responses and the coital model strongly suggests a single predominant mechanism of failure we named "blunt puncture," where the tip of the thrusting male penis progressively stretches one part of the intact condom wall until it ultimately breaks. Blunt puncture appears to be the mechanism of breakage responsible for more than 90% of condom breakage not attributable to misuse. Knowledge of the main mechanism of breakage should help develop better user instructions, better test methods and, ultimately, better condoms. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH | CONDOM FAILURE | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | LUBRICANTS | TESTING | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | Contraception | Family Planning | Condoms | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproduction | Ingredients and Chemicals | Measurement | Research Methodology Document Number: 325974 |
| 30. Title: Condom use at last sex as a proxy for other measures of condom use: is it good enough? Author: Younge SN; Salazar LF; Crosby RF; DiClemente RJ; Wingood GM; Rose E Source: Adolescence. 2008 Winter;43(172):927-931. Abstract: Condom use at last sex is a widely used indicator in sexual behavior research; however, there is little empirical research validating this indicator. This study examined whether a single-event recall period (the last time coitus occurred) was consistent with longer recall periods (14 days and 60 days) for a sample of 566 African American adolescent females. The findings from this study demonstrate that condom use at last coitus is a valid proxy for condom use behaviors spanning longer time periods. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION RESEARCH | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | KAP SURVEYS | BLACKS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CONDOM USE | VALIDITY | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | RELIABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation Methodology | Evaluation | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Measurement | Reproduction | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception Document Number: 328028 |
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