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1.
Title: HIV Infection--Guangdong Province, China, 1997-2007.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009 Apr 24;58(15):396-400.
Abstract: In 2007, an estimated 700,000 persons in China were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An estimated 50,000 new HIV infections and 20,000 deaths related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurred in 2007, and an estimated 71% of persons with HIV infection were unaware of their HIV status. In 2007, 40.6% of those living with HIV had been infected through heterosexual transmission and 38.1% through injection-drug use. Guangdong Province in southeastern China is the country's most populous province, with an estimated 75.6 million permanent residents and 16.5 million migrants; the province has undergone rapid economic development. Since 1986, a case-based surveillance system (CBSS) in China has collected data on persons infected with HIV, including demographic characteristics and transmission categories. To assess recent trends in HIV infection in the province, the Guangdong Center for Disease Control, with technical assistance from CDC, analyzed CBSS data for the period 1997--2007. The results of that analysis indicated that the number of HIV cases increased from 102 in 1997 to 4,593 in 2007, although this increase resulted, in part, from expanded testing and surveillance. Among males classified by HIV transmission category, 82.1% of newly diagnosed infections were attributed to injection-drug use. Among females classified by HIV transmission category, 53.7% engaged in high-risk heterosexual conduct. Despite substantial methodologic limitations, these results can be useful to Guangdong public health agencies in targeting and evaluating HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IV DRUG USERS | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERNET | AGE FACTORS | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Information Networks | Communication | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331260

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual activity and contraceptive use among young female students of tertiary educational institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Author: Abiodun OM; Balogun OR
Source: Contraception. 2009 Feb;79(2):146-9.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A survey was conducted to evaluate the pattern of sexual behavior and contraceptive use among female students aged 15 to 24 years attending tertiary institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN: A valid and reliable semistructured questionnaire was self-administered to a sampled population of 600 students aged 15 to 24 years. RESULTS: Of the 600 students, 562 (93.7%) completed the questionnaire. Most (98.6%) of the respondents were unmarried, 77.6% have had sexual intercourse, 67.8% have had an unwanted pregnancy while 63.5% have had induced abortion. All the respondents were aware of contraceptives, but only 25.4% have ever used any contraceptive method. The most common sources of information about contraception among the respondents were friends/relatives (73.7%), while the fear of side effects of modern contraceptives was the most common reason (77.5%) for nonuse. CONCLUSION: The fear of side effects is the main reason for low contraceptive prevalence among young female students of tertiary institutions in Ilorin. Reproductive health services should focus more on delivery of adequate and accurate information about contraceptives to improve use among young women.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 329609

Peer Reviewed

Title: High-risk behaviours among juvenile prison inmates in Pakistan.
Author: Altaf A; Janjua NZ; Kristensen S; Zaidi NA; Memon A; Hook EW 3rd; Vermund SH; Shah SA
Source: Public Health. 2009 Jul 15;
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the sexual- and drug-use-related risk behaviours of male juvenile detainees in Karachi, Pakistan. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted of prison inmates aged 15-21 years in Karachi Juvenile Prison in 2002. In total, 321 inmates were interviewed about sexual orientation and behaviours, and knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Urine specimens were collected and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using ligase chain reaction. RESULTS: A substantial proportion (n=111, 34.6%) of the participants were sexually active. Sixty-two (19%) and 67 (21%) had had sex with a male or female before incarceration, respectively. Twenty-seven (8.4%) participants had an STI, and 50% of the 109 sexually active participants had had multiple sexual partners. Use of addictive substances was associated with sexual activity. The mean knowledge score computed from the sum of 16 items was 4.7, with a median of 2.9. A large proportion (40%) of participants knew about condoms, but very few (3.4%) had ever used one. The mean+/-standard deviation risk score from nine items was 2.4+/-1.7. On the basis of behavioural and biological markers, 117 (36.4%) participants had high-risk behaviour. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, knowledge, risk perception and age were predictive of higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: HIV risk behaviours are common among adolescent inmates. Although inmates do have knowledge about modes of transmission and condom use, the use of condoms is significantly low. Interventions are needed for behavioural change among this group.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | PRISONERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | KNOWLEDGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 342285

Peer Reviewed

Title: Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi.
Author: Anand A; Shiraishi RW; Bunnell RE; Jacobs K; Solehdin N; Abdul-Quader AS; Marum LH; Muttunga JN; Kamoto K; Aberle-Grasse JM; Diaz T
Source: AIDS. 2009 Jun 17;
Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Several studies support the need for effective interventions to reduce HIV transmission risk behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs). DESIGN:: Cross-sectional nationally representative demographic health survey of Kenya (2003) and Malawi (2004-2005) that included HIV testing for consenting adults. METHODS:: We analyzed demographic health survey data for awareness of HIV status and sexual behaviors of PLWHAs (Kenya: 412; Malawi: 664). The analysis was adjusted (weighted) for the design of the survey and the results are nationally representative. FINDINGS:: Eighty-four percent of PLWHAs in Kenya and 86% in Malawi had sex in the past 12 months and in each country, 10% reported using condoms at last intercourse. Among sexually active PLWHAs, 86% in Kenya and 96% in Malawi reported their spouse or cohabiting partner as their most recent partner. In multivariate logistic regression models, married or cohabiting PLWHAs were significantly more likely to be sexually active and less likely to use condoms. Over 80% of PLWHAs were unaware of their HIV status. Of HIV-infected women, nearly three-quarters did not want more children either within the next 2 years or ever, but 32% in Kenya and 20% in Malawi were using contraception. INTERPRETATION:: In 2003-2005, majority of PLWHAs in Kenya and Malawi were unaware of their HIV status and were sexually active, especially married or cohabiting PLWHAs. Of HIV-infected women not wanting more children, few used contraception. HIV testing should be expanded, prevention programs should target married or cohabiting couples and family planning services should be integrated with HIV services.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | AWARENESS | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTION | NEEDS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | HIV TESTING | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Fertility | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341748

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual risk behaviour of the first cohort undergoing screening for enrollment into Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in South Africa.
Author: Andersson KM; Van Niekerk RM; Niccolai LM; Mlungwana ON; Holdsworth IM; Bogoshi M; McIntyre JA; Gray GE; Vardas E
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Feb;20(2):95-101.
Abstract: We assessed risk behaviour in a heterosexual cohort undergoing prescreening for the first Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in Soweto. We developed a survey and collected self-reported data from HIV-negative potential volunteers. Of 488 participants, most were single and approximately half were from households with incomes below the poverty level. Males reported higher rates of heavy alcohol use (P < 0.001), marijuana use (P < 0.001) and other recreational drug use (P < 0.01). Males reported more sex partners than females in the previous six months (P < 0.001), as well as more casual/anonymous partners (P < 0.001) and one-night stands (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed substance use and male gender predicted higher risk behaviours, including <100% condom use with known/suspected HIV-positive partners, having casual/anonymous partners and having more than two partners. For this population, male volunteers may need increased risk-reduction counselling during Phase I/II trials and additional recruitment methods may be necessary to identify high-risk female volunteers for Phase III efficacy trials.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL TRIALS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | HETEROSEXUALS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | VACCINES | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SCREENING | POVERTY | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SEX FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Data Analysis | Behavior | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 331093

Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools. Mudancas no comportamento sexual de adolescentes de escolas publicas no Brasil apos um programa de educacao sexual.
Author: Andrade HH; de Mello MB; Sousa MH; Makuch MY; Bertoni N; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 May;25(5):1168-1176.
Abstract: This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program, given within the context of reproductive rights, dealt with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices, and focused on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests and a nonequivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX EDUCATION | PARTICIPATION | CHANGES | SEX BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SEXUALITY | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Schools | Education | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 340176

9.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools.
Author: Andrade HH; Mello MB; Sousa MH; Makuch MY; Bertoni N; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 May;25(5):1168-76.
Abstract: This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program is inserted within the context of reproductive rights, deals with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices and focuses on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre and post-tests and a non-equivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | SCHOOLS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | RISK BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Education | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342612

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Parent-adolescent communication about sex in Morelos, Mexico: does it impact sexual behaviour?
Author: Atienzo EE; Walker DM; Campero L; Lamadrid-Figueroa H; Gutierrez JP
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;14(2):111-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parent-adolescent communication about sexuality has been shown to influence adolescents' sexual behaviour. This study aims to describe communication about sex between Mexican parents and adolescents, and its relation to age at first intercourse and condom use. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires of first year students at 23 high schools. Communication was divided into three themes: biological aspects, risks associated with sexual behaviour, and prevention. For sexually active adolescents, discussion timing was determined to have occurred prior to, or after sexual initiation. Analysis included logistic regression models stratifying by discussion timing. RESULTS: Overall 5,461 questionnaires were analysed. Among male respondents 24.3% and among females 10.6% stated that they were sexually active. As many as 83.1% reported having spoken with parents about sexual relations. Communication was more common with mothers. Discussions about risk and prevention prior to sexual initiation was associated with condom use at first intercourse (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.05); late discussion was associated with younger age (<15) at first intercourse (OR = 3.51). CONCLUSIONS: Communication before onset of sexual activity about risk and prevention is associated with safe sex practices. Improving parent-adolescent communication is a poorly studied strategy to influence adolescents' behaviour. Interventions should promote early parent-adolescent communication.
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | COMMUNICATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341614

11.
Title: Circumcision's place in the vicious cycle involving herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV [editorial]
Author: Bailey RC; Mehta SD
Source: Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2009 Apr 1;199(7):923-5.
Abstract: HSV-2 as a biological cofactor in HIV acquisition and transmission has likely contributed substantially to the HIV epidemic. Although it remains possible that HSV-2 suppressive therapy will be efficacious in reducing HIV transmission, it is not clear how and whether a twice daily regimen of acyclovir will be manageable and effective at a population level. Research is needed to develop and test a prophylactic vaccine that, even if only partially protective against HSV-2 acquisition, is likely to be effective in both concentrated epidemics and in generalized epidemics in which a large proportion of HIV transmission occurs in stable partnerships. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | EUROPE | SUMMARY REPORT | INCIDENCE | HERPES GENITALIS | HIV INFECTIONS | MALE CIRCUMCISION | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TESTING | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 341208

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Quality of life and social support among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Western Uganda.
Author: Bajunirwe F; Tisch DJ; King CH; Arts EJ; Debanne SM; Sethi AK
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):271-9.
Abstract: Quality of life (QOL) among patients with HIV/AIDS has been shown to improve once treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been initiated. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Western Uganda to examine the factors associated with QOL among patients who had received ART for the duration of at least six months. We interviewed 330 patients attending the HIV/AIDS clinic at two government-supported hospitals in Western Uganda. We measured QOL using a culturally adapted version of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS-HIV) tool and calculated the physical health summary (PHS) and mental health summary (MHS) scores. In addition, data were collected on sociodemographic factors, three-day self-reported adherence, social support, sexual behavior, CD4 count and viral load. Informational social support was significantly positively correlated with PHS (p=0.001) and MHS (p=0.002). Affectionate support was also significantly positively correlated to PHS (p=0.05) and MHS (p=0.03) but tangible support was not (PHS p value=0.85 and MHS p value=0.31). In the univariate analysis, older age, rural dwelling, alcohol use, CD4 count less than 200, and ART duration of less than one year were significantly associated with lower PHS scores. Lower PHS scores were also associated with sexual inactivity. In multivariate analysis, higher scores on informational social support and CD4> or =200 were associated with higher PHS score and past or recent alcohol consumption was associated with lower scores on MHS. Optimizing ART to restore CD4 count and provision of informational and affectionate social support but not tangible support, to HIV/AIDS patients may improve their QOL.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CLIENTS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | HIV INFECTIONS | QUALITY OF LIFE | CARE AND SUPPORT | SEX BEHAVIOR | HEALTH | MENTAL HEALTH | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 341987

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Intentional condomless anal intercourse among Latino MSM who meet sexual partners on the Internet.
Author: Balan IC; Carballo-Dieguez A; Ventuneac A; Remien RH
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Feb;21(1):14-24.
Abstract: Data on intentional condomless anal intercourse in risky contexts, also known as "barebacking," among ethnic minority MSM, whose rates of HIV infection continue to rise, are extremely limited. In this study, 31 Latino MSM who seek barebacking partners via the Internet underwent in-depth interviews about bareback sex and its association to pleasure, substance use, HIV concerns, and cultural identity. Participants reported engaging in bareback sex owing to the physical and emotional pleasure they experience. They expressed concern about HIV infection and took steps to reduce risk of infection. Although a majority of participants reported using alcohol or drugs in the context of bareback sex, substance use did not appear to propel the behavior. Crystal methamphetamine use, prevalent only among our HIV-positive participants, was related to very high HIV risk behavior. In this sample, culture did not seem to play a large role in barebacking.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ETHNIC GROUPS | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | INTERNET | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV TRANSMISSION | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Information Networks | Communication | Interpersonal Relations | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 330344

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: HIV prevalence, risks for HIV infection, and human rights among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana.
Author: Baral S; Trapence G; Motimedi F; Umar E; Iipinge S; Dausab F; Beyrer C
Source: PloS One. 2009;4(3):e4997.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the generalized epidemics of HIV in southern Sub-Saharan Africa, men who have sex with men have been largely excluded from HIV surveillance and research. Epidemiologic data for MSM in southern Africa are among the sparsest globally, and HIV risk among these men has yet to be characterized in the majority of countries. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional anonymous probe of 537 men recruited with non-probability sampling among men who reported ever having had sex with another man in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana using a structured survey instrument and HIV screening with the OraQuick(c) rapid test kit. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The HIV prevalence among those between the ages of 18 and 23 was 8.3% (20/241); 20.0% (42/210) among those 24-29; and 35.7% (30/84) among those older than 30 for an overall prevalence of 17.4% (95% CI 14.4-20.8). In multivariate logistic regressions, being older than 25 (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0-8.0), and not always wearing condoms during sex (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-4.9) were significantly associated with being HIV-positive. Sexual concurrency was common with 16.6% having ongoing concurrent stable relationships with a man and a woman and 53.7% had both male and female sexual partners in proceeding 6 months. Unprotected anal intercourse was common and the use of petroleum-based lubricants was also common when using condoms. Human rights abuses, including blackmail and denial of housing and health care was prevalent with 42.1% (222/527) reporting at least one abuse. CONCLUSIONS: MSM are a high-risk group for HIV infection and human rights abuses in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana. Concurrency of sexual partnerships with partners of both genders may play important roles in HIV spread in these populations. Further epidemiologic and evaluative research is needed to assess the contribution of MSM to southern Africa's HIV epidemics and how best to mitigate this. These countries should initiate and adequately fund evidence-based and targeted HIV prevention programs for MSM.
Language: English
Keywords:
MALAWI | NAMIBIA | BOTSWANA | RESEARCH REPORT | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | HUMAN RIGHTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Health | Public Health | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 341820

15.
Title: Knowledge and practice of university students in Lebanon regarding contraception.
Author: Barbour B; Salameh P
Source: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):387-99.
Abstract: We evaluated knowledge and practice of Lebanese university students regarding contraception in a cross-sectional, comparative study on students in public and private universities using an Arabic language self-administered questionnaire. We found low levels of knowledge of contraception. The majority of males (73.3%) and a few females (21.8%) declared previous sexual relations: the majority of males had used a condom (86.1%), but females had generally not used contraceptives (75.6%).
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STUDENTS | MEN | UNIVERSITIES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTION | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Middle East | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Behavior
Document Number: 341713

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Questioning gender norms with men to improve health outcomes: Evidence of impact.
Author: Barker G; Ricardo C; Nascimento M; Olukoya A; Santos C
Source: Global Public Health. 2009;:1-15.
Abstract: This article describes a review of 58 evaluation studies of programmes with men and boys in sexual and reproductive health (including HIV prevention, treatment, care and support); father involvement; gender-based violence; maternal, newborn and child health; and gender socialisation more broadly. While few of the programmes go beyond the pilot stage, or a relatively short-term timeframe, they offer compelling evidence that well-designed programmes with men and boys can lead to positive changes in their behaviours and attitudes related to sexual and reproductive health; maternal, newborn and child health; their interaction with their children; their use of violence against women; their questioning of violence with other men; and their health-seeking behaviour. The evidence indicates that programmes that incorporate a gender-transformative approach and promote gender-equitable relationships between men and women are more effective in producing behaviour change than narrowly focused interventions, as are programmes which reach beyond the individual level to the social context. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | MALE ROLE | VIOLENCE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | Behavior | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 342230

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Effects of a rapid peer-based HIV/AIDS educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in a high-income Arab country.
Author: Barss P; Grivna M; Ganczak M; Bernsen R; Al-Maskari F
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Sep 1;52(1):86-98.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In response to low knowledge about HIV and intolerant attitudes toward persons living with HIV among Arab university students, a peer-based educational intervention was developed and impact evaluated on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in 2 of 4 main cities of United Arab Emirates. METHODS: Four small teams of final year medical students, 3 female and 1 male, were trained. Multistage random sampling selected 14 female and 5 male Arab schools, then 56 female and 14 male grade 12 classes in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. The 90-minute intervention included a factual presentation and 3 attitude workshops. Baseline and postintervention knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Significance was tested by McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and multilevel regression tests. RESULTS: Response was 99.6%, 1398 females and 505 males. Misconceptions about modes of transmission and intolerant attitudes were evident. Mean knowledge score improved from 65% to 82% and attitude 51% to 64%, that is, relative increase 26% (P < 0.0005). Females had slightly lower baseline knowledge than males but showed greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Grade 12 students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS was inadequate and attitudes stigmatizing. Peer-based knowledge workshops were effective, especially among females. Concise integrated teaching and workshops designed to address key knowledge and attitudinal deficiencies can be highly effective.
Language: English
Keywords:
MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVENTIONS | STIGMA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Education | Schools | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Health | Marketing | Public Health
Document Number: 342885

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Assessing motivations to engage in intentional condomless anal intercourse in HIV risk contexts ("Bareback Sex") among men who have sex with men.
Author: Bauermeister JA; Carballo-Dieguez A; Ventuneac A; Dolezal C
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Apr;21(2):156-68.
Abstract: Although condom use is an effective barrier against HIV transmission, some men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in bareback sex (unprotected anal sex in risky contexts) and increase their risk for HIV (re)infection. Understanding MSM's decision to bareback (vis-a-vis condom use) is essential to develop effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs for this population. An ethnically diverse sample of men who bareback (n = 120) was recruited exclusively on the Internet and stratified to include two thirds who reported both unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) and being HIV uninfected. We used exploratory factor analysis to explore the domains within the Decisional Balance to Bareback (DBB) scale, and test the association between DBB and risky sexual behaviors. HIV-positive MSM (n = 31) reported higher costs/losses associated with condom use than HIV-negative men (n = 89). We found two underlying factors in the DBB scale: a Coping with Social Vulnerabilities subscale (eight items; alpha = .89) and a Pleasure and Emotional Connection subscale (five items; alpha = .92). We found a positive association between DBB (i.e. greater gains associated with bareback sex) and URAI occasions, number of partners, and having one or more sero-discordant partners in the past 3 months. We conclude that because MSM may avoid using condoms in order to cope with psychosocial vulnerabilities and create intimacy with other MSM, this population could benefit from alternatives to condoms such as pre/post exposure prophylaxis and rectal microbicides.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | FACTOR ANALYSIS | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | HIV TRANSMISSION | DECISION MAKING | INTERNET | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EMOTIONS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Data Analysis | Risk Reduction Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information Networks | Communication | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 331286

19.

Title: Sexual behavior and perceived peer norms: comparing perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-affected youth.
Author: Bauermeister JA; Elkington K; Brackis-Cott E; Dolezal C; Mellins CA
Source: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2009 Sep;38(8):1110-22.
Abstract: A large proportion of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children are becoming adolescents and exploring their sexuality. This study explored the prevalence of sexual behaviors (kissing, touching, engaging in oral sex, or having vaginal/anal intercourse) in a sample of predominantly ethnic minority youths (N = 339; 54.1% Black and 30.4% Latino; 51% female; ages 9-16) perinatally exposed to HIV (61% HIV+). Using logistic regression, we tested the association between sexual behavior and HIV status, demographic characteristics, and peer influences regarding sexual behavior. PHIV youth were less likely to be sexually active. Among sexually active youth, PHIV youth were more likely to engage in touching behavior than HIV-negative youth and were less likely to engage in penetrative sex. Youths reporting that a greater number of their peers believed that sexually active boys were "cool" or "popular" were more likely to report sexual behavior. The association between sexual behavior and peers believing sexually active girls were "cool" or "popular" varied by age, gender, and HIV status. Furthermore, friends' sexual activity was associated with sexual intercourse. Prevention programs should strengthen messages addressing peer norms regarding sexuality, as well as address specific issues related to adolescent HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADOLESCENTS | PEER GROUPS | VALUE ORIENTATION | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Youth | Age Factors | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 342389

20.

Title: Sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalence of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and HTLV-1/2 in immigrant and non-immigrant female sex workers in Argentina.
Author: Bautista CT; Pando MA; Reynaga E; Marone R; Sateren WB; Montano SM; Sanchez JL; Avila MM
Source: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2009 Apr;11(2):99-104.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study socio-demographics, sexual practices, drug use behaviors, and prevalences of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in immigrant (foreigner) and non-immigrant (local/native) female sex workers (FSW). DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study in immigrant and non-immigrant FSW living in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 625 FSW were enrolled, of whom 169 (27%) were immigrant FSW from Paraguay, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. The prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis C was significantly higher among Argentinean FSW than among immigrant FSW. However, hepatitis B prevalence was higher among immigrant FSW. Adjusted risk factor analysis comparing immigrant FSW with Argentinean FSW indicated that marital status (single), occupation (none), fee per sex act (Language: English
Keywords:
ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | IMMIGRANTS | HEPATITIS | SYPHILIS | PREVALENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement
Document Number: 331118

21.

Title: Why embarrassment inhibits the acquisition and use of condoms: A qualitative approach to understanding risky sexual behaviour.
Author: Bell J
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2009 Apr;32(2):379-91.
Abstract: This article is based on research commissioned by the UK Government's Teenage Pregnancy Unit. The Living on the Edge (LOTE) study qualitatively explored factors that shape young people's experiences and attitudes towards sexual behaviour and young parenthood in three linked seaside and rural areas in England. It identifies embarrassment as a key risk factor in young people's sexual behaviour and demonstrates why engaging in protective behaviour and seeking information and advice, can be constrained by fear of embarrassment and concerns about how they are regarded by others. This paper also argues that embarrassment around condom use is not necessarily restricted to adolescence. Embarrassment is a deeply unpleasant experience for everyone and people (young and old) are motivated to avoid it. Implications and recommendations for future policy and service provision are highlighted.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS | EMOTIONS | SELF-PERCEPTION | FEAR | CONDOM USE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Perception | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 342414

22.
Title: [Particularities of epileptic women's care] Particularites de la prise en charge des femmes epileptiques.
Author: Ben Hamouda I; Mrabet A
Source: La Tunisie Medicale. 2009 Mar;87(3):169-72.
Abstract: AIM: Development on the epileptic women's care. METHOD: A research in the medical literature on PubMed and an exhaustive review of the published summaries and reports of Epileptology International Meetings, in the last five years. We included cohort studies, reviews and randomized double blinded therapeutic trials. Case reports and fundamental research studies have been excluded. RESULTS: sensitizing of the epileptic women starts with adolescence with an education and a preparation to sexual life and available contraceptive methods, in order to avoid undesired pregnancies and the serious consequences which they are likely to generate. Approximately 1/3 of the epileptic women have variations of their disease related to the menstrual cycle, probably because of a neurotoxic effect of estrogens (not counterbalanced by progestational hormones). Antiepileptic teratogenicity issue is not, yet, solved, in spite of new molecules commercialisation. The upkeep of a register concerning the use of AED during pregnancy makes it possible to better identify the problems and to establish an optimal therapeutic control for the mother and the child. CONCLUSION: Epilepsy impact on women's life is very different compared to men, because it interferes with the fields of sexuality, reproduction, menstrual cycle and contraception, in addition of AED teratogenicity. A close cooperation between obstetricians and neurologist and a sensitizing of health professionals are essential for the global care of the epileptic pregnant women or in age of procreation.
Language: French
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | COHORT ANALYSIS | WOMEN | NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS | CONTRACEPTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | IMPACT | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Physiology | Biology | Family Planning | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Communication
Document Number: 342404

23.

Title: Predictors of Condom Use Among Israeli Soldiers.
Author: Ben Natan M; Danilov S; Evdokimovitz Y
Source: American Journal of Men's Health. 2009 Jul 14;
Abstract: Only a small percentage of young people aged 18 to 20 years use condoms regularly. Thus, the younger population has an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the underlying determinants of condom use among soldiers based on the theory of planned behavior as well as the influence of soldiers' social circumstances and prior sexual experience. A correlational design using an exploratory survey method was used. Participants were sampled in a convenience sample of 113 male soldiers from the Israel defense forces. A total of 70.1% of soldiers use condoms in their first sexual experience, however, this percentage subsequently decreases. The study indicates that soldiers are not familiar with the risks of frequent oral and anal sex. Behavioral intentions and self-control are significant predictors of condom use. Condom use among soldiers from one-parent families was lower than among soldiers from two-parent families. The theory of planned behavior seems to be a helpful method of predicting condom use among soldiers. Accordingly, efforts should be channeled at attempts to generate changes in soldiers' views of condom use, intensifying normative pressures operated by their social milieu, and increasing their self-control in the use of condoms.
Language: English
Keywords:
ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | MILITARY PERSONNEL | MEN | CONDOM USE | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SAFER SEX | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Culture
Document Number: 342123

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Alcohol and illicit drug use and its influence on the sexual behavior of teenagers from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Uso de alcool e drogas e sua influencia sobre as praticas sexuais de adolescentes de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Author: Bertoni N; Bastos FI; de Mello MV; Makuch MY; de Sousa MH; Osis MJ; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1350-1360.
Abstract: This article summarizes the findings of a survey of 5,981 students from public schools in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analysis assessed the influence of drug use on sexual practices. Among the boys who stated having used illicit drugs and who were engaged in relationships with casual partners, 56% reported consistent condom use, as compared to 65% among those not reporting such habits. Among boys who reported illicit drug use and who were engaged in relationships with stable partners, consistent condom use was reported by 43%, versus 64% among those not reporting such habits. In the subgroup of boys engaged in stable relationships who did not report illicit drug use, consistent condom use was less frequent among those who used alcohol or cigarettes, compared to those who did not drink or smoke (61% versus 71%). Girls were less likely than boys to use condoms consistently, regardless of the nature of their relationships, without a noticeable influence of drug use. Policies to prevent drug abuse, sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned pregnancy should be fully integrated.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | RISK FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health
Document Number: 340175

25.

Title: Role of parents in adolescent sexual activity and contraceptive use in four african countries.
Author: Biddlecom A; Awusabo-Asare K; Bankole A
Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):72-81.
Abstract: Data were collected in 2004 in nationally representative surveys of 12- to 19-year-olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. Bivariate analysis was used to compare gender differences for two outcomes among unmarried 15- to 19-year-olds having had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months and, among those who had had sex in this period, having used contraception at last sex. Unmarried adolescents reported moderate to high levels of parental monitoring and low levels of parent-child communication about sexual matters. In all countries, adolescent males who reported low monitoring were at elevated risk of having had sex in the last year, as were their female counterparts in three of the countries. Communication with parents was positively associated with sexual activity among Malawian males and Ugandan females. Parental monitoring was not associated with contraceptive use at last sex, whereas parent-child communication was associated with such use among Ghanaian females and among Ugandan adolescents of both genders. The authors conclude that programs to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health should include dimensions of parental involvement.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | GHANA | MALAWI | UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Eastern | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Child Rearing | Health | Communication | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 342142

26.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual risk-taking among adult dating couples in the United States.
Author: Billy JO; Grady WR; Sill ME
Source: Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;41(2):74-83.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of sexual and contraceptive behaviors as risk factors for STDs is largely based on women's or men's separate reports of their attitudes and behaviors. Little research has been based on couples. METHODS: Data from the 2005-2006 National Couples Survey were used to examine the sexual risk-taking behavior of 335 dating couples. Associations between each partner's characteristics and the couple's probability of recently having had anal sex and of having done something to protect themselves from STDs were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Models included measures of power dynamics and partners' perceptions of who controls sexual and contraceptive decisions. RESULTS: Couples in which the female partner reported that her male partner made the decisions about sex and contraception had increased probability of having had anal sex during the four weeks prior to the interview. In addition, partners' relationship power and their perception of control over sex and contraception moderated associations between couples' behavior and partners' characteristics, experiences and beliefs. For example, although couples in which the male partners had known someone with AIDS were less likely than others to engage in anal sex, that association was much greater for males with high income-and thus greater power-than for those with low income. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors are not controlled by any one individual in a relationship; characteristics of each partner are important. Couples-based interventions that take into consideration relationship-especially power-dynamics may enable individuals to initiate and sustain safer-sex practices.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADULTS | COUPLES | SEX BEHAVIOR | POWER | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 342624

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Is sexual risk taking behaviour changing in rural south-west Uganda? Behaviour trends in a rural population cohort 1993 2006.
Author: Biraro S; Shafer LA; Kleinschmidt I; Wolff B; Karabalinda A; Nalwoga A; Musinguzi J; Kirungi W; Opio A; Whitworth J; Grosskurth H
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 1):i3-i11.
Abstract: Objective: To describe sexual behaviour trends in a rural Ugandan cohort in the context of an evolving HIV epidemic, 1993-2006. Methods: Sexual behaviour data were collected annually from a population cohort in which HIV serological surveys were also conducted. Behaviour trends were determined using survival analysis and logistic regression. Trends are reported based on the years in which the respective indicators were collected. Results: Between 1993 and 2006, median age at first sex increased from 16.7 years to 18.2 years among 17-20-year-old girls and from 18.5 years to 19.9 years among boys. Both sexes reported a dip in age at sexual debut between 1998 and 2001. One or more casual partners in the past 12 months among men rose from 11.6% in 1997 to 12.7% in 2004 and then declined to 10.2% in 2006. Among women it increased from 1.4% in 1997 to 3.7% in 2004 and then reduced to 1.4% in 2006. The rise in casual partners between 1997 and 2004 was driven mainly by older age groups. Trends in condom use with casual partners varied by age, increasing among those aged 35+ years, declining in the middle age groups and presenting a dip and then a rise in the youngest aged group (13-19 years). Conclusion: Among youth, risky behaviour declined but increased in the late 1990s/early 2000s. Among those aged 35+ years, condom use rose but casual partners also rose. Several indicators portrayed a temporary increase in risk taking behaviour from 1998 to 2002.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COHORT ANALYSIS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | RURAL POPULATION | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | CONDOM USE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 340101

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe?
Author: Birdthistle I; Floyd S; Nyagadza A; Mudziwapasi N; Gregson S; Glynn JR
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 May;68(10):1810-1818.
Abstract: This study explored the role of education in explaining the excess sexual risk previously documented among unmarried female orphans in urban Zimbabwe. School attendance and attainment were assessed by type of orphanhood, and for their association with markers of sexual risk (HIV and/or HSV-2 infection) among 743 participants drawn from a random sample of 15- to 19-year-old girls identified in a cross-sectional survey in Highfield, Harare in 2004. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the role of educational status in explaining the higher prevalence of adverse sexual outcomes among unmarried orphans compared to non-orphans, adjusting for possible confounders. Double orphans had significantly lower educational attendance and attainment than non-orphans. Maternal orphans had higher odds of school drop-out, although this association disappeared when adjusted for recent mobility. Educational status was strongly associated with HIV/HSV-2 risk, but explained only a small part of double orphans' sexual risk and did not explain the HIV/HSV-2 risk of maternal and paternal orphans. High overall levels of secondary school participation and school fee assistance provided to vulnerable families may have reduced the schooling disparities between orphans and non-orphans in Highfield. However, further efforts are needed to rectify the schooling inequities that persist, while additional research is needed to identify other socioeconomic and emotional factors driving orphans' sexual risk so that prevention and support programs can meet the needs of this growing population.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZIMBABWE | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | HERPES GENITALIS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Behavior | Health
Document Number: 341411

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Preventive service needs of young people perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda.
Author: Birungi H; Obare F; Mugisha JF; Evelia H; Nyombi J
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jun;21(6):725-731.
Abstract: This study examines the sexual expressions and experiences as well as the preventive practices of 732 adolescent boys and girls aged 15-19 years who were born with HIV. The data come from a project on the sexuality of young people perinatally infected with HIV conducted in 2007 in four districts of Uganda. The analysis involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach entails cross-tabulations with chi-square tests as well as significance tests of proportions. The qualitative approach involves an analysis of individual case stories, in-depth probes, and focus group discussions for content. The findings show disconnect between: (1) the information service providers give to young people and young people's actual needs and desires; (2) adolescents' fears and their actual preventive practices; and (3) the high level of reported condom use and the frequency of use. Programs need to recognize that young people perinatally infected with HIV are sexually active or anticipatebeing so in future.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | FEAR | CONDOM USE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339860

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behavior and desires among adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda: implications for programming.
Author: Birungi H; Mugisha JF; Obare F; Nyombi JK
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):184-187.
Abstract: Counseling programs for adolescents living with HIV encourage abstinence from sex and relationships. This Uganda study, however, found that many of these adolescents are sexually active or desire to be in relationships but engage in poor preventive practices. Programs for HIV and AIDS programs need to strengthen preventive services to this group.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | FETUS | NEEDS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Economic Factors
Document Number: 330162


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