1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Estimating the relative success of local authorities at labour-market integration of immigrants. Author: Andersen SH; Heinesen E Source: European Journal of Population. 2008 Mar;24(1):59-86. Abstract: We propose a method for estimating indicators of the success of local authorities at integrating immigrants in the labour-market. The proportion of time in employment of individuals is used to measure labour-market integration, and we correct for differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets using a two-limit Tobit model. This method is applied to a large administrative micro dataset which contains information on all immigrants in Denmark. We compare the estimated indicators of integration to corresponding uncorrected measures, and conclude that the corrections have a significant effect on the ranking of local authorities. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DENMARK | RESEARCH REPORT | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | IMMIGRANTS | GOVERNMENT | LABOR FORCE | EMPLOYMENT STATUS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | ACCULTURATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Change Document Number: 325285 |
| 2. Title: Population growth and its spatial distribution as factors in the deforestation of Nang Rong, Thailand. Author: Entwisle B; Rindfuss RR; Walsh SJ; Page PH Source: Geoforum. 2008 Mar;39(2):879-897. Abstract: Frontiers constitute a major source of global land cover change hot spots, with forests and grasslands being converted into agricultural uses. As such, frontiers provide an opportunity to see how people manipulate the land and their lives in the context of social, cultural and environmental constraints. This paper examines frontier settlement and land cover change in Nang Rong district, Northeast Thailand for the last half century. It uses a Cellular Automata (CA) model to explore the land cover consequences of alternative patterns of settlement in a setting where people establish dwelling units in nucleated villages and work agricultural plots that surround villages. Forested land around the center of a village is converted into agricultural uses in an inverse relationship to the distance from the village center, but frequently modified by biophysical conditions. Land at the center of the village may be reforested after the village is established as a source of shade as well as fruit and other products. Model variation in land cover change is more sensitive to the spatial reach of village households than their temporal reach, suggesting the important role that technology plays in how villagers travel to their Welds (walking versus motorized transit). (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | LAND SUPPLY | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION GROWTH | DEFORESTATION | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | FORESTS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Natural Resources | Environment | Rural Development | Economic Factors | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Environmental Degradation | Migration Document Number: 325391 |
3.  Title: Managing migration: The global challenge. Author: Martin P; Zurcher G Source: Population Bulletin. 2008 Mar;63(1):1-22. Abstract: The number of international migrants is at an all-time high. There were 191 million migrants in 2005, which means that 3 percent of the world's people left their country of birth or citizenship for a year or more. The number of international migrants in industrialized countries more than doubled between 1985 and 2005, from almost 55 million to 120 million. However, most of the world's 6.6 billion people never cross a national border; most live and die near their place of birth. Those who cross national borders usually move to nearby countries, for example, from Mexico to the United States, or from Turkey to Germany. The largest flow of migrants is from less developed to more developed countries. In 2005, 62 million migrants from developing countries moved to more developed countries, but almost as many migrants (61 million) moved from one developing country to another, such as from Indonesia to Malaysia. Large flows of people also move from one industrialized country to another, from Canada to theUnited States, for example, and much smaller flows move from more developed to less developed countries, such as people from Japan who work in or retire to Thailand. The international community believes that international migration should be voluntary, and has tried to minimize "forced migration," whether motivated by persecution or economic deprivation at home. The United Nation's 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that "everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country." However, the right to emigrate does not give migrants a right to immigrate, and most migrants are not welcomed unconditionally into the countries to which they move. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | REFUGEES | GOVERNMENT | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | REMITTANCES | BORDER CROSSING | ECONOMIC FACTORS | MIGRATION POLICY | Migration | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 325289 |
| 4. Title: Involuntary resettlement as an opportunity for development: The case of urban resettlers of the three Gorges Project, China. Author: McDonald B; Webber M; Yuefang D Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2008;21(1):82-102. Abstract: The restoration of livelihoods in the event of involuntary resettlement is commonly based on providing compensation to those who are displaced. This policy has led to a series of horror stories. For this reason, it is proposed that by conducting resettlement as a development project in its own right, the performance of resettlements can be improved and the benefits will accrue to the local population. The Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River is the first project in China in which the policy of resettlement with development was translated into practice. This paper uses the results of a survey of urban resettlers in two counties to demonstrate that development policies have been unevenly applied across the Three Gorges Region and that in some counties the policies have had some success in maintaining and raising the incomes of resettlers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN AREAS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POLICY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 324867 |
| 5. Title: Iraq's internally displaced persons: a hidden crisis [editorial] Author: Morton MJ; Burnham GM Source: JAMA. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2008 Aug 13;300(6):727-729. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION INDEXES | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | REFUGEES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WAR | REFUGEE CAMPS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | FOREIGN AID | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Middle East | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health | Financial Activities | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 308331 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Violence against refugees, non-refugees and host populations in southern Sudan and northern Uganda. Author: Nagai M; Karunakara U; Rowley E; Burnham G Source: Global Public Health. 2008 Jul;3(3):249-270. Abstract: We carried out a cross-sectional household survey among Sudanese refugees and Ugandan nationals in Arua district Uganda, and Sudanese non-refugees in Yei county Sudan. The objective was to document and compare, across population groups, violent events experienced or witnessed, both to document the frequency and nature of violent events and to assess the potential burden of psychological trauma. The extensive psychological trauma in this population has been reported elsewhere (Karaunakara et al. 2004). Half or more of all groups had experienced or witnessed injury by a weapon or gun, beating/torture, harassment by armed personnel, robbery/extortion or imprisonment. Having ever experienced or witnessed confiscation of property was more common among both Sudanese groups than among Ugandans. Exposure to sexual violence was common among both men and women, particularly during times of migration. Almost all violent events were witnessed or experienced more commonly by refugees. Violent events continued for refugees after settlement in Uganda. Many of the violent events reported by Ugandans had occurred earlier, during Uganda's civil conflict. The protection offered refugees in Uganda, by the host government and United Nations, seemed of limited benefit, both now and in the past. In spite of recent peace accords for southern Sudan, many refugees are likely to remain in Uganda for some time. The potential for refugees and those remaining in Sudan to develop longer term psychological disorders from the high level of exposure to violent events is substantial. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | REFUGEES | HOUSEHOLDS | VIOLENCE | WAR | RAPE | SEXUAL ABUSE | CRIME | MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | MENTAL DISORDERS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Social Problems | Diseases Document Number: 327757 |
| 7. Title: Multicultural meanings of social support among immigrants and refugees. Author: Stewart M; Anderson J; Beiser M; Mwakarimba E; Neufeld A Source: International Migration. 2008 Aug;46(3):123-159. Abstract: Canada continues to be a prominent immigrant and refugee-receiving country in worldwide migration, resettlement, and search for refuge, yet there is a gap in our understanding of these newcomers' views of the specific meanings of social support and their support needs and resources. The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings of social support for immigrants and refugees in Canada, and to explore the types and adequacy of formal supports. Individual interviews were conducted with 60 service providers and policymakers initially (Phase 1), and 120 immigrants and refugees (60 Chinese, 60 Somali) in the second phase. The implications of these findings were elicited in group interviews (Phase 3) of policy decision-makers, advocates, service providers, and managers. This investigation revealed many interrelated challenges facing refugees and immigrants such as language difficulties, inadequate information on services, poor health, racism, needs for retraining, rejection of foreign qualifications, unemployment, social isolation, social insecurity, dwindling social networks, and family conflicts. The study also illuminated culturally and socio-economically determined perceptions of social support and support-seeking strategies. Limited personal resources and dwindling social networks are an impediment to coping with integration and settlement challenges. In many cases, newcomers' efforts to seek help are thwarted by systemic obstacles. Newcomers experienced extensive unmet support needs, which service providers cannot adequately meet due to bureaucratic and resource constraints. Policies in various sectors that affect the lives of immigrants and refugees are inadequate for bridging their support deficiencies. These support gaps hinder the successful settlement and integration of newcomers. Policies and programs fostering culturally relevant support, and inter-sectoral collaboration among organizations addressing the support needs of immigrants and refugees are timely. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | IMMIGRANTS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | POLICY | NEEDS | SOCIAL NETWORKS | SOCIAL WELFARE | EDUCATION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Health Document Number: 329504 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Unsettling experiences: Internal resettlement and international aid agencies in Laos. Author: Baird IG; Shoemaker B Source: Development and Change. 2007 Sep;38(5):865-888. Abstract: A number of programmes and policies in Laos are promoting the internal resettlement of mostly indigenous ethnic minorities from remote highlands to lowland areas and along roads. Various justifications are given for this internal resettlement: eradication of opium cultivation, security concerns, access and service delivery, cultural integration and nation building, and the reduction of swidden agriculture. There is compelling evidence that it is having a devastating impact on local livelihoods and cultures, and that international aid agencies are playing important but varied and sometimes conflicting roles with regard to internal resettlement in Laos. While some international aid agencies claim that they are willing to support internal resettlement if it is 'voluntary', it is not easy to separate voluntary from involuntary resettlement in the Lao context. Both state and non-state players often find it convenient to discursively frame non-villager initiated resettlement as 'voluntary'. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LAOS | CRITIQUE | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | MOTIVATION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | RURAL DEVELOPMENT | AGRICULTURE | FORESTS | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Policy | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Data Collection | Research Methodology Document Number: 322621 |
| 9. Title: Are environmental refugees refused? Author: Boon EK; Le Tra T Source: Studies of Tribes and Tribals. 2007 Dec;5(2):85-95. Abstract: The term "environmental refugees" describes a new kind of mass human casualty caused by negative ecological impacts during the last decades. It has been estimated that 25 million environmental refugees are on the move worldwide due to environmental problems, 50 million are left homeless by cyclones, floods and earthquakes, 90 millions are displaced by infrastructural projects. These figures are expected to increase sharply in the next few decades due to the impacts of global warming and the consequence of sea level rise by 2050. Yet, the unfortunate environmental victims are refused refugee status and are not granted assistance and protection by the international community. Why is the number of environmental victims on the increase? Why are they left unassisted? Who should be responsible for what they have been suffered from? What should be done to limit the hardship being suffered by environmentally displaced people? This paper will attempt to answer these questions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | REFUGEES | MIGRATION | UNHCR | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | NATURAL DISASTERS | GLOBAL WARMING | CONSUMPTION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Environment | Climate | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 323512 |
| 10. Title: Development-induced displacement and children's human capital. Author: Buttenheim AM; Alderman H; Friedman J Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. [7] p. Abstract: Development projects are estimated to forcibly displace ten million people each year worldwide, and have done so for at least the past two decades. This population, termed "resettlers" by Cernea, occupies a particularly precarious position among the displaced. Like refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), their migration is involuntary. However, their displacement is caused not by conflict or natural disaster, but by development projects or policies initiated by their own governments and often underwritten by international financial institutions. Resettlers enjoy fewer legal protections by international conventions than do refugees, and tend to command less media (and scholarly) attention than those displaced by conflict or natural disaster. The consequences of forced resettlement can be dire. Cernea's risk and reconstruction model for displaced populations identifies eight "impoverishment risks," including landlessness, food insecurity, increased morbidity, and community disarticulation. In this study we examine how these impoverishment risks negatively impact children's human capital. Using a new dataset from the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), we ask whether children in resettled households achieve lower stature and lower educational attainment than children in non-resettled households. We also evaluate the probable mechanisms linking resettlement to compromised human capital investments in children, including household food security, children's diet diversity, and time spent on activities other than schooling. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: LAOS | RESEARCH REPORT | BASELINE SURVEYS | CHILDREN | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | HUMAN CAPITAL | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | POVERTY | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | BODY HEIGHT | FOOD SUPPLY | HOME ECONOMICS | CHILD NUTRITION | DIET | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Physiology | Biology | Natural Resources | Environment | Microeconomic Factors | Nutrition | Health Document Number: 317875 |
| 11. Title: Urban asylum seekers and refugees in Thailand. Author: den Otter V Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Jul;(28):49-50. Abstract: While Thailand provides a certain degree of protection for most refugees and asylum seekers, their lives are far from easy. Thailand is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention nor to the 1967 Protocol. Asylum seekers and urban refugees are under constant threat of arrest and detention. Urban refugees do not have the right to work; although some (mainly Asian) refugees manage to obtain jobs, those from Africa find it more or less impossible. Accommodation is usually overcrowded, increasing the risk of sexual and gender-based violence as many unrelated women and men often share one room. Refugees' diets consist mainly of rice, with little protein-rich nutrition. For the majority of urban refugees in Thailand, the only durable solution is resettlement to a third country. Thailand does not allow refugees to locally integrate and is not likely to change this policy. Resettlement, though, is often a long-term process, and many refugees in Thailand spend years in a legal limbo. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | URBAN AREAS | REFUGEE CAMPS | MIGRATION | SOCIAL PROTECTION | COUNSELING | CARE AND SUPPORT | POLITICAL FACTORS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 320163 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Meeting the health needs of Iraqi refugees in Jordan. Author: Devi S Source: Lancet. 2007 Dec 1;370(9602):1815-1816. Abstract: Over 2 million Iraqis have fled from violence in Iraq to neighbouring countries such as Jordan and Syria. But, unable to cope with the influx of refugees and their health and humanitarian needs, these countries are making entry more restrictive. 7-year-old Mohammad sat up in his hospital bed in Amman, Jordan, half his face concealed by thick, white bandages, as his father Salman recounted their tale. In October last year, the family was receiving condolences at a traditional mourning tent outside their Baghdad home for Salman's father, who was killed in sectarian violence because of his past job as an army officer under Saddam Hussein. As the mourners congregated, a car bomb exploded at the nearby market, prompting the panicked family to flee in all directions. Salman's experience as a policeman made him shout out warnings to people nearby but to no avail as a second bomb detonated soon afterwards. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: JORDAN | IRAQ | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | PHYSICIANS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | NEEDS | VIOLENCE | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | FUNDS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Personnel | Health | Economic Factors | Behavior | Financial Activities Document Number: 322951 |
| 13. Title: Iraq: Growing needs amid continuing displacement. Author: Harper A Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Dec;(29):51-53. Abstract: Seven months after over 100 country representatives gathered in Geneva to address the Iraq displacement crisis, the humanitarian situation has markedly deteriorated. Expectations that highlighting the burdens of Iraq's neighbours would result in financial and political support have been dashed. Support provided - relative to humanitarian needs - has been negligible. Every hour, around 50 to 100 Iraqis are being forced to leave their homes. UNHCR believes that some 4.5 million Iraqis - one in six of the population - have now left their homes, up to half a million of them since the Geneva meeting. Regional asylum states, particularly Syria which hosts some 1.6 million Iraqis, have become disenchanted with unfulfilled assurances. Following a number of threats, Syria introduced a visa regime for Iraqis in October. This decision, the first time that Syria has taken such an action against a fellow Arab state, has effectively closed the last remaining avenue of escape for desperate Iraqis. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | SYRIA | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | WAR | MIGRATION POLICY | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | UNHCR | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Middle East | Developing Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Social Behavior | Behavior | Religion | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 323544 |
| 14. Title: Self-settled refugees in Uganda. An alternative approach to displacement? Author: Hovil L Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2007 Dec;20(4):599-620. Abstract: This paper investigates the complex security and economic dynamics that influence the lives and opportunities of self-settled refugees living in Uganda. It focuses on the opportunities and problems faced by self-settled refugees, and questions the assumption that Uganda's current local settlement policy is best suited to the country's social, economic and political realities. It suggests that far from being passive victims, self-settled refugees are taking control of their lives without any additional external assistance and are planning for the day they can return to their homeland. Consequently, the paper argues that there is reason to believe that local integration is likely to succeed where other models have failed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | REFUGEES | REFUGEE CAMPS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | MIGRATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT | POLICY | HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 314014 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Anticipation of migration and psychological stress and the Three Gorges Dam project, China. Author: Hwang SS; Xi J; Cao Y; Feng X; Qiao X Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2007 Sep;65(5):1012-1024. Abstract: Findings from a prospective study of project-induced migration in China's Three Gorges Dam project are reported. The study tests the hypotheses that anticipation of involuntary migration is stressful and that the harmful effects are partially mediated and moderated by the resources migrants possess. Using data collected from a sample of designated migrants (n = 975) who will be forced to relocate because they live in an area, which will be flooded once the Three Gorges project is completed, and non-migrants (n = 555) in the same region, our analysis indicates that anticipation of involuntary migration is a robust predictor of mental distress. Anticipation of forced migration elevates depression (CES-D) not only directly, but also indirectly by weakening the social and the psychological resources (i.e., social support and mastery), which safeguard the mental well-being of migrants. However, our results show much less support for the hypothesis that resources moderate harmful effects of forced migration. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MIGRANTS | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | STRESS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | INTERNAL MIGRATION | DEPRESSION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | MENTAL HEALTH | RESOURCES | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Health | Organization and Administration Document Number: 319061 |
| 16. Title: Resettlement for Bhutanese refugees. Author: Laenkholm C Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Dec;(29):59-60. Abstract: The US offer to resettle 60,000 of the 106,000 Bhutanese refugees in Nepal might offer a solution to this protracted refugee situation. Resettlement may not be a perfect solution but after 16 years of exile refugees may well choose it as the best option available. Bhutanese Hindus of Nepalese origin - an estimated one sixth of the population of Bhutan - were arbitrarily stripped of their nationality in the early 1990s and either were forcibly expelled from the tiny Himalayan kingdom or fled in order to escape the enforcement of restrictive citizenship laws and other forms of institutionalised discrimination. The Bhutanese live in seven camps in the Jhapa and Morang districts in southeastern Nepal, close to the Indian border, frustrated by 15 fruitless rounds of bilateral negotiations between the governments of Nepal and Bhutan and the failure of the international community to secure durable solutions to their displacement. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BHUTAN | NEPAL | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | REFUGEE CAMPS | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | MIGRATION POLICY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 323548 |
| 17. Title: Choques of reproduction and transnationality in the Yakima Valley. Author: Maurer S Source: Journal of Developing Societies. 2007;23(1-2):71-88. Abstract: This article explores the relational production of gendered discourses of reproduction that have emerged in newspaper debates over Mexican immigration and in interviews with Mexican migrant women conducted in 2003-2004 in Washington State's Yakima Valley. It argues that gendered discourses of reproduction are being deployed in the governance of Mexican migration and settlement in the Yakima Valley. It also claims that Mexican migrant women are both recomposing and resisting racialized and gendered national borders through these discourses in their narratives of migration and settlement. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | WASHINGTON | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN | IMMIGRANTS | MIGRANT WORKERS | NEWSPAPERS | GENDER ISSUES | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | LABOR MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | WOMEN'S STATUS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | United States of America | Demographic Factors | Population | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 320683 |
| 18. Title: Place and Afghan refugees: A contribution to Turton. Author: Novak P Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2007;20(4):551-578. Abstract: This article contributes to the discussion on place/space/identity recently re-opened by David Turton, who introduces the notion of 'place-making project' to describe the relation between a group of Ethiopian agro-pastoralists and place. This article aims to expand Turton's framework to situations other than the one he depicts, as well as to develop some of the concepts presented therein. With reference to Afghans in Pakistan, the following arguments are made. First, a vast array of overlapping place-making projects simultaneously encompass territory and individuals, attributing a different significance to them on the basis of peculiar logics. Second, the interaction between such projects has material effects on spatial and institutional practices of migration and assistance. Third, these material effects have different significance for refugees, since each of them is differently encompassed by such projects. The article concludes by highlighting how such a framework can be used to assess power relations and challenge de-politicized narratives of refugee protection and assistance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFGHANISTAN | PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | REFUGEES | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | REFUGEE CAMPS | HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 322862 |
| 19. Title: Irregular workers or ethnic kin? Post-1990s labour migration from Bulgaria to Turkey. Author: Parla A Source: International Migration. 2007 Aug;45(3):157-181. Abstract: This paper addresses the invisibility of the post-1990s irregular migration flows from Bulgaria to Turkey in the literature despite the increasingly significant number of such migrants. I suggest that this invisibility stems partially from a problem of classification that has to do with implicit suppositions about ethnicity and migration. The post-1990s Turkish immigrants from Bulgaria are not specified in accounts of irregular migrant flows directed towards Turkey since they are assumed to belong to the category of ethnic "return" migrants: Because of their ethnic identity as Turkish, all Turkish migrants from Bulgaria tend to get considered as part of the intermittent "return" migration waves from Bulgaria, the most notable and well-known of these being the flight of more than 300,000 Turks in 1989. However, while the ethnic affiliation of the post-1990s migrants from Bulgaria renders them invisible as irregular migrants within scholarly migrant typologies, the same ethnic affiliation does not necessarily work to their advantage when it comes to their legal and social reception in Turkey. Based on ethnographic fieldwork that prioritizes micro-level analysis from below, the paper demonstrates that the self designated ethnic affiliation of these migrants, counterpoised against their social marginalization as "the Bulgarian" domestics, heightens the paradoxes of belonging and affects migration strategies. The paper thus underscores the significance of ethnic affiliation as a factor that needs to be adequately taken into account in describing the present and in assessing the future of this particular migratory pattern. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BULGARIA | TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MIGRANT WORKERS | ETHNIC GROUPS | DOMESTIC WORKERS | LABOR MIGRATION | RETURN MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Social Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 313719 |
| 20. Title: "Obvious gays" and the state gaze: Cuban gay visibility and U.S. immigration policy during the 1980 Mariel boatlift. Author: Pena S Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality. 2007 Sep;16(3):482-514. Abstract: During the cold war relations between the United States and Cuba were tense. Because of this political acrimony, Cubans as a group had been accorded preferential treatment for their symbolic value as people fleeing communism. However, in the same era homosexuals were formally and categorically excluded by U.S. immigration policy. Even as Armando and other gay-identified Mariel Cubans were traveling by boat to the United States, the country of their destination was recodifying a long-standing immigration policy that explicitly excluded homosexuals. Because of its massive scale, the Mariel migration also posed procedural challenges to any systematic identification of immigrant characteristics. Finally, given the national media attention focused on the boatlift, the identification of homosexuals posed a public relations dilemma for the U.S. government. These complications are clearly seen when focusing on the ways in which homosexual Cuban men entering the United States were seen and not seen by the U.S. state gaze. During the boatlift conflicting immigration policies and procedures clashed as men who were both Cuban and visibly gay entered the country under the glare of the media spotlight. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CUBA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | CASE STUDIES | HOMOSEXUALS | REFUGEES | MIGRATION POLICY | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | SEXUALITY | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | North America | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors Document Number: 323720 |
| 21. Title: Last hope. The need for durable solutions for Bhutanese refugees in Nepal and India. Author: Ridderbos K Source: New York, New York, Human Rights Watch, 2007 May. 86 p. (Human Rights Watch Vol 19, No. 7(C)) Abstract: In the early 1990s tens of thousands of ethnic Nepalis were arbitrarily deprived of their Bhutanese citizenship. Some were then expelled from Bhutan, while others fled the country to escape from a campaign of arbitrary arrest and detention directed against the ethnic Nepalis. For sixteen years these Bhutanese refugees have languished in seven refugee camps in Nepal with no resolution to their plight. In October 2006, however, the United States announced its willingness to resettle up to 60,000 of the refugees. While the U.S. resettlement offer has given hope to many of the Nepali-speaking refugees, now numbering some 106,000, the lack of clear information about the resettlement offer or about the prospects for other durable solutions, namely repatriation to Bhutan or local integration in Nepal, has resulted in increasing anxiety and tensions among the refugees. Some opponents of resettlement have threatened refugees who speak out in favor of resettlement, leaving many refugees fearful of expressing their thoughts on their future. Furthermore, the fate of the remaining 46,000 refugees and of an estimated 10,000-15,000 unregistered refugees in Nepal and 15,000-30,000 unregistered refugees in India remains unclear. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | INDIA | BHUTAN | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | KAP SURVEYS | REFUGEES | SLAVES | ETHNIC GROUPS | REFUGEE CAMPS | VIOLENCE | RAPE | LAND TENURE | NATIONALITY | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Cultural Background | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 320247 |
| 22. Title: Iraqi refugees in Lebanon: Continuous lack of protection. Author: Trad S; Frangieh G Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Jun;:35-36. Abstract: There are no official statistics but there may be more than 40,000 Iraqi refugees in Lebanon. Lebanon already hosts some 400,000 Palestinians for whom no durable solution is in sight. In the absence of a policy response, is there a danger of the Iraqi refugees becoming 'Palestinised' - left in limbo in the Levant? Most Iraqis have entered Lebanon via Syria. They include large numbers of Iraqi Christians who believe they will find safety among Lebanon's Christian communities. Iraqi refugees find it next to impossible to obtain an entry visa to Lebanon so have entered the country illegally, often assisted by smugglers. They are thus at threat of arrest and conviction for 'illegal entry', regardless of their status with UNHCR. Lebanon is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and lacks effective legislation regulating asylum. Lebanon has also repeatedly stated that it is not a country of asylum due to its demographic and social composition and to the fact that it already hosts more than 400,000 Palestinian refugees. To make matters worse, the Arab World - unlike Latin America and Africa - lacks regional instruments to provide protection for refugees fleeing from generalised violence and civil strife. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | LEBANON | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | REFUGEES | MIGRATION POLICY | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | UNHCR | WAR | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Developing Countries | Middle East | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 317675 |
| 23. Title: Iraqi refugees in Egypt. Author: Yoshikawa L Source: Forced Migration Review. 2007 Dec;(29):54. Abstract: Egypt is host to an estimated 150,000 Iraqi refugees. Initially arriving with high hopes of resettlement, their resources are now depleted, they are unable to work, their children are out of school and their community is fractured by divisions. Escaping death threats, torture, kidnappings and military attacks, thousands of Iraqis have settled in the Cairo suburbs, Alexandria and smaller governorates. The handful of Iraqi refugees that had been arriving in Egypt since 2001 quickly turned to a flood following the Samarra bombings in February 2006. Early arrivals immediately following Saddam's fall were mostly Sunni but now include significant numbers of Iraqi Shiites and Christians. Some transited via Jordan and Syria, moving on in the expectation that the cost of living in Egypt would be lower. All hoped that Egypt would simply be a transit stop. Human traffickers have begun exploiting their desperation, allegedly charging $14,000 per person to reach Europe. UNHCR and existing refugee NGOs in Egyptwere ill-prepared for the unexpected influx and Iraqi asylum seekers were initially turned away and asked to wait. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | EGYPT | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | WAR | MIGRATION POLICY | UNHCR | Middle East | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | UN | International Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 323545 |
| 24. Title: Cities: Magnets of hope. Source: Habitat Debate. 2006 Sep;12(3) Abstract: Just as migration is increasing, so the world's cities are growing at unprecedented rates. And although there is a rise in absolute numbers of people on the move, according to new UN research, the migration flows around the world today are much lower than in the period from 1860 to 1914, when the percentage of migrants in some developed countries was much higher than now. But the latest facts and figures show that migration and urban growth are strongly linked, mainly because the majority of people on the move go for the bright lights of the city. The flows of people affect the economies of both their home countries and those to which they travel, especially the cities. There is empirical evidence that, worldwide, cities are attracting more foreign people than in the past. And although the scale of migration varies among world regions, almost everywhere cities are the destinations for people escaping poverty, conflict, human rights violations, or simply those looking for a change, for something better. The leading experts at UN-HABITAT, and the authors of the 2006 International migration and development Report of the UN Secretary-General agree that migration, if well managed, can be good, both for the migrants themselves, and for the societies and cities they join. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | URBAN AREAS | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | URBANIZATION | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | Geographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Social Planning | Economic Factors Document Number: 315637 |
| 25. Title: Fengxian, Shanghai: Improved services for migrants. Source: China Popualtion Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):22. Abstract: Recent years have seen an increase in the migrant population in Fengxian, Shanghai by 50,000 a year as a result of rapid socioeconomic development. In 2005, the migrant population in this district reached 370,000, close to the total number of permanent residents. This group of people is critical, therefore, to the district government and even the Shanghai municipal government at large in its effort to control population growth, improve the health and education of the people and better the demographic distribution and structure of the district. In line with the spirit of fair treatment, reasonable guidance, improved management and better services , Fengxian has taken the following steps to improve management of and services for the migrants. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | GOVERNMENT | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | EMPLOYMENT | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Education | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Document Number: 308597 |
| 26. Title: Nanjing: Building a service platform for migrants. Source: China Population Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):24-25. Abstract: Nanjing, capital city of Jiangsu province in east China, has taken a series of steps in recent years to improve family planning services for migrant workers in the city. The municipal family planning commission targeted communities with a heavy concentration of commercial facilities, a mix of different organizations, or isolated residences for pilot sites for community-centered, localized management. By June 2005, more than 95% of the city s neighborhoods had set up a family planning and reproductive health center, and residential communities had universally established a family planning service outlet. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | MANAGEMENT | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | COUNSELING | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Clinic Activities | Program Activities Document Number: 308596 |
| 27. Title: Suzhou: Explore new approaches for management of and services for migrants. Source: China Population Today. 2006 Aug;23(3-4):15-16. Abstract: By the end of 2005, Suzhou had a migrant population of nearly four million, accounting for 62.7% of the permanent population, according to local statistics. This group of people has become critical to the local socioeconomic development, and family planning management and services among these people has also constituted an important component of the work of local family planning authorities. In line with the principles of equal treatment, reasonable guidance, improved management and quality services, the local family planning authorities have made great efforts to find new ways of management of and services for migrants. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | MANAGEMENT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Evaluation | Marriage | Nuptiality | Fertility Document Number: 308601 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Migration and violent conflicts in some southeast Asian regions. Author: Ananta A Source: Population Review. 2006;45(1):1-5. Abstract: As is well known in all demographic text books, population dynamics is attributed to changes in fertility, mortality, and migration. The change in fertility will immediately change the number of the young population, particularly those below five years old. Change in mortality can affect any age group of the population. In developing countries, change in mortality usually affects the young population more than the old population; while in developed countries change in mortality affects the number of old population more than the young one. In both fertility and mortality changes, there is almost no change in the "culture" of the population. However, it is very different with migration. As described by Tirtosudarmo in this volume, the impact of changes in fertility and mortality will be seen in the long run, but the impact of changes in migration can be seen in a relatively short time. Migrants are most likely to be young and productive. They may affect the working age group more than the non-working age group. Furthermore, migrants may come from very different cultures, and they are usually the winners in the economic and political fields. Social and economic jealousies appear and are often accompanied by a perception among the locals that the migrants will eventually wipe them out. Therefore, not only do migrants change the number and age-composition of the population, they may also alter the social, economic and political composition of the population. A society may not be necessarily prepared to face a fast change in population composition. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | THAILAND | INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | ETHNIC GROUPS | INTERNAL MIGRATION | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | VIOLENCE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 309948 |
| 29. Title: Using return migration as a development tool -- Are the right policies in place? Author: De Souza RM Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2006 Sep. 3 p. Abstract: The conventional wisdom about return migrants is that they are retirees who always intended to return to their country of origin. They are generally not expected to contribute significantly to their home countries' development, in part because they are older and are not working in the formal labor market. Today, however, returnees are increasingly characterized by transnational networks, reflecting new migration circumstances that are evolving at the beginning of the 21st century. The globalizing effect of easy travel, fluid citizenship status, and rapid communications are key factors driving this change. As a result, today's returning migrants are increasingly younger, more highly trained, and able to shuttle back and forth between their country of birth and their adopted country. Skilled return migrants are poised to become more important to local government policy. And they hold the potential to help build global networks, forge further links between sending and receiving countries, and directly contribute to development efforts. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | MIGRANTS | GOVERNMENT | RETURN MIGRATION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Economic Development | Economic Factors Document Number: 311468 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Review of the interplay between population dynamics and malaria transmission in Ethiopia. Author: Deressa W; Ali A; Berhane Y Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2006;20(3):137-144. Abstract: The rapid growth of human population in malaria endemic areas has become a threat leading to the resurgence of the disease. Population growth and ecological changes in malarious areas have important implications for malaria control due to the adverse effects of the disease on the population. The objective was to examine the relationship between different aspects of population dynamics and malaria transmission in Ethiopia. Published and unpublished reports on the subject were reviewed. Internet sources, books and other relevant documents pertaining to the role of population changes and the magnitude of malaria were systematically reviewed. Malaria is the number one public health problem in Ethiopia and a major cause of illness and death. Due to the high population pressure and depletion of agricultural land in highland areas, there has been a massive population movement to the lowlands, particularly in the last two decades. Most of the population movements are from malaria free or places of moderate endemicity to highly malarious areas. The number of people estimated to be residing in malarious areas of the country has shown a dramatic increase from 17.7 million in 1965 to more than 52.6 million in 2005, due to population growth and movement. High population movement and resettlement programs in malaria endemic areas have been identified as factors that exacerbate malaria transmission. As a result, more than half a million microscopically confirmed cases and 5-6 million clinical cases of malaria are reported annually from public health facilities in the country. Movements into malarious areas, without substantial intervention, expose people to the risk of malaria, and further exacerbate the problem. Effective treatment of the disease with the right antimalarial drug is crucial. Thus, appropriate measures should be taken to address the consequences of developmental activities leading to ecological changes and population movements into malarious areas. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | DATA ANALYSIS | MALARIA | TRANSMISSION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | MIGRATION | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Infections | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 324005 |
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