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1.
Title: HIV Infection--Guangdong Province, China, 1997-2007.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009 Apr 24;58(15):396-400.
Abstract: In 2007, an estimated 700,000 persons in China were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An estimated 50,000 new HIV infections and 20,000 deaths related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurred in 2007, and an estimated 71% of persons with HIV infection were unaware of their HIV status. In 2007, 40.6% of those living with HIV had been infected through heterosexual transmission and 38.1% through injection-drug use. Guangdong Province in southeastern China is the country's most populous province, with an estimated 75.6 million permanent residents and 16.5 million migrants; the province has undergone rapid economic development. Since 1986, a case-based surveillance system (CBSS) in China has collected data on persons infected with HIV, including demographic characteristics and transmission categories. To assess recent trends in HIV infection in the province, the Guangdong Center for Disease Control, with technical assistance from CDC, analyzed CBSS data for the period 1997--2007. The results of that analysis indicated that the number of HIV cases increased from 102 in 1997 to 4,593 in 2007, although this increase resulted, in part, from expanded testing and surveillance. Among males classified by HIV transmission category, 82.1% of newly diagnosed infections were attributed to injection-drug use. Among females classified by HIV transmission category, 53.7% engaged in high-risk heterosexual conduct. Despite substantial methodologic limitations, these results can be useful to Guangdong public health agencies in targeting and evaluating HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IV DRUG USERS | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERNET | AGE FACTORS | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Measurement | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Information Networks | Communication | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 331260

3.
Title: High prevalence of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Hyderabad and Sukkur, Pakistan.
Author: Altaf A; Saleem N; Abbas S; Muzaffar R
Source: JPMA. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2009 Mar;59(3):136-40.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate size of injection drug users (IDU), determine their high risk behaviours and assess the prevalence of HIV. METHOD: As part of second generation surveillance (SGS), we investigated specific demographic and behavioural characteristics of IDUs in Hyderabad and Sukkur in 2005. It was a cross sectional study. The survey was preceded by geographic mapping to determine size estimation and to define sampling procedures prior to integrated behavioural and biological survey (IBBS). A sample size of at least 400 was calculated for each city. Besides calculating frequencies, chi square was used for comparing variables among HIV positive and negative IDUs like time elapsed as IDU, number of injections, sharing needles and self perception of acquiring HIV infection. RESULTS: A total of 800 (Hyderabad 398; Sukkur 402) questionnaires and DBS samples were collected. The estimated number of IDUs in both cities was 3,225 (Hyderabad 975 and Sukkur 2250 respectively). Average age of IDUs in Hyderabad was 36.5 years and 34.6 years in Sukkur. Sharing of injection equipment for last injection was reported by 34 (8.5%) in Hyderabad and 135 (33.6%) in Sukkur. In both cities behaviours such as injecting drugs for more than 10 years (p = 0.00) and injecting four or more times in a day (p = 0.11) were significantly associated with seropositivity of HIV infection. In Hyderabad the seroprevalence of HIV was 25.4% (101/398) and in Sukkur it was 19.2% (77/402). CONCLUSION: The burden of HIV among IDUs in Hyderabad and Sukkur is extremely high and can play a significant role in transmitting the infection to other vulnerable groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | IV DRUG USERS | URBAN POPULATION | PREVALENCE | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK BEHAVIOR | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | NEEDLE SHARING | SELF-PERCEPTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Population | Measurement | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Perception | Psychological Factors | Evaluation
Document Number: 330915

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual risk behaviour of the first cohort undergoing screening for enrollment into Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in South Africa.
Author: Andersson KM; Van Niekerk RM; Niccolai LM; Mlungwana ON; Holdsworth IM; Bogoshi M; McIntyre JA; Gray GE; Vardas E
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Feb;20(2):95-101.
Abstract: We assessed risk behaviour in a heterosexual cohort undergoing prescreening for the first Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in Soweto. We developed a survey and collected self-reported data from HIV-negative potential volunteers. Of 488 participants, most were single and approximately half were from households with incomes below the poverty level. Males reported higher rates of heavy alcohol use (P < 0.001), marijuana use (P < 0.001) and other recreational drug use (P < 0.01). Males reported more sex partners than females in the previous six months (P < 0.001), as well as more casual/anonymous partners (P < 0.001) and one-night stands (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed substance use and male gender predicted higher risk behaviours, including <100% condom use with known/suspected HIV-positive partners, having casual/anonymous partners and having more than two partners. For this population, male volunteers may need increased risk-reduction counselling during Phase I/II trials and additional recruitment methods may be necessary to identify high-risk female volunteers for Phase III efficacy trials.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CLINICAL TRIALS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | HETEROSEXUALS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | VACCINES | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SCREENING | POVERTY | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | SEX FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Data Analysis | Behavior | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Examinations and Diagnoses | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 331093

5.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Changes in sexual behavior following a sex education program in Brazilian public schools.
Author: Andrade HH; Mello MB; Sousa MH; Makuch MY; Bertoni N; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2009 May;25(5):1168-76.
Abstract: This paper describes an evaluation of possible changes in sexual behavior in adolescents who participated in a school-based sex education program in selected public schools in four municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The program is inserted within the context of reproductive rights, deals with risks involved in unsafe sexual practices and focuses on the positive aspects of sexuality. A quasi-experimental design with pre and post-tests and a non-equivalent control group was used to evaluate the intervention. A total of 4,795 questionnaires were included in this analysis. The program succeeded in more than doubling consistent condom use with casual partners and in increasing the use of modern contraceptives during last intercourse by 68%. The intervention had no effect on age at first intercourse or on adolescents' engagement in sexual activities. The sex education program was effective in generating positive changes in the sexual behavior of adolescents, while not stimulating participation in sexual activities.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | SCHOOLS | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | RISK BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Education | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342612

Peer Reviewed

Title: Parent-adolescent communication about sex in Morelos, Mexico: does it impact sexual behaviour?
Author: Atienzo EE; Walker DM; Campero L; Lamadrid-Figueroa H; Gutierrez JP
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;14(2):111-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parent-adolescent communication about sexuality has been shown to influence adolescents' sexual behaviour. This study aims to describe communication about sex between Mexican parents and adolescents, and its relation to age at first intercourse and condom use. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires of first year students at 23 high schools. Communication was divided into three themes: biological aspects, risks associated with sexual behaviour, and prevention. For sexually active adolescents, discussion timing was determined to have occurred prior to, or after sexual initiation. Analysis included logistic regression models stratifying by discussion timing. RESULTS: Overall 5,461 questionnaires were analysed. Among male respondents 24.3% and among females 10.6% stated that they were sexually active. As many as 83.1% reported having spoken with parents about sexual relations. Communication was more common with mothers. Discussions about risk and prevention prior to sexual initiation was associated with condom use at first intercourse (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.05); late discussion was associated with younger age (<15) at first intercourse (OR = 3.51). CONCLUSIONS: Communication before onset of sexual activity about risk and prevention is associated with safe sex practices. Improving parent-adolescent communication is a poorly studied strategy to influence adolescents' behaviour. Interventions should promote early parent-adolescent communication.
Language: English
Keywords:
MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | COMMUNICATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341614

Peer Reviewed

Title: Intentional condomless anal intercourse among Latino MSM who meet sexual partners on the Internet.
Author: Balan IC; Carballo-Dieguez A; Ventuneac A; Remien RH
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Feb;21(1):14-24.
Abstract: Data on intentional condomless anal intercourse in risky contexts, also known as "barebacking," among ethnic minority MSM, whose rates of HIV infection continue to rise, are extremely limited. In this study, 31 Latino MSM who seek barebacking partners via the Internet underwent in-depth interviews about bareback sex and its association to pleasure, substance use, HIV concerns, and cultural identity. Participants reported engaging in bareback sex owing to the physical and emotional pleasure they experience. They expressed concern about HIV infection and took steps to reduce risk of infection. Although a majority of participants reported using alcohol or drugs in the context of bareback sex, substance use did not appear to propel the behavior. Crystal methamphetamine use, prevalent only among our HIV-positive participants, was related to very high HIV risk behavior. In this sample, culture did not seem to play a large role in barebacking.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ETHNIC GROUPS | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | INTERNET | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV TRANSMISSION | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Information Networks | Communication | Interpersonal Relations | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 330344

Peer Reviewed

Title: Assessing motivations to engage in intentional condomless anal intercourse in HIV risk contexts ("Bareback Sex") among men who have sex with men.
Author: Bauermeister JA; Carballo-Dieguez A; Ventuneac A; Dolezal C
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009 Apr;21(2):156-68.
Abstract: Although condom use is an effective barrier against HIV transmission, some men who have sex with men (MSM) engage in bareback sex (unprotected anal sex in risky contexts) and increase their risk for HIV (re)infection. Understanding MSM's decision to bareback (vis-a-vis condom use) is essential to develop effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs for this population. An ethnically diverse sample of men who bareback (n = 120) was recruited exclusively on the Internet and stratified to include two thirds who reported both unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) and being HIV uninfected. We used exploratory factor analysis to explore the domains within the Decisional Balance to Bareback (DBB) scale, and test the association between DBB and risky sexual behaviors. HIV-positive MSM (n = 31) reported higher costs/losses associated with condom use than HIV-negative men (n = 89). We found two underlying factors in the DBB scale: a Coping with Social Vulnerabilities subscale (eight items; alpha = .89) and a Pleasure and Emotional Connection subscale (five items; alpha = .92). We found a positive association between DBB (i.e. greater gains associated with bareback sex) and URAI occasions, number of partners, and having one or more sero-discordant partners in the past 3 months. We conclude that because MSM may avoid using condoms in order to cope with psychosocial vulnerabilities and create intimacy with other MSM, this population could benefit from alternatives to condoms such as pre/post exposure prophylaxis and rectal microbicides.
Language: English
Keywords:
NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | FACTOR ANALYSIS | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | HIV TRANSMISSION | DECISION MAKING | INTERNET | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EMOTIONS | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Data Analysis | Risk Reduction Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Information Networks | Communication | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 331286

Title: Why embarrassment inhibits the acquisition and use of condoms: A qualitative approach to understanding risky sexual behaviour.
Author: Bell J
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2009 Apr;32(2):379-91.
Abstract: This article is based on research commissioned by the UK Government's Teenage Pregnancy Unit. The Living on the Edge (LOTE) study qualitatively explored factors that shape young people's experiences and attitudes towards sexual behaviour and young parenthood in three linked seaside and rural areas in England. It identifies embarrassment as a key risk factor in young people's sexual behaviour and demonstrates why engaging in protective behaviour and seeking information and advice, can be constrained by fear of embarrassment and concerns about how they are regarded by others. This paper also argues that embarrassment around condom use is not necessarily restricted to adolescence. Embarrassment is a deeply unpleasant experience for everyone and people (young and old) are motivated to avoid it. Implications and recommendations for future policy and service provision are highlighted.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS | EMOTIONS | SELF-PERCEPTION | FEAR | CONDOM USE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Perception | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 342414

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Alcohol and illicit drug use and its influence on the sexual behavior of teenagers from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Uso de alcool e drogas e sua influencia sobre as praticas sexuais de adolescentes de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Author: Bertoni N; Bastos FI; de Mello MV; Makuch MY; de Sousa MH; Osis MJ; Faundes A
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1350-1360.
Abstract: This article summarizes the findings of a survey of 5,981 students from public schools in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The analysis assessed the influence of drug use on sexual practices. Among the boys who stated having used illicit drugs and who were engaged in relationships with casual partners, 56% reported consistent condom use, as compared to 65% among those not reporting such habits. Among boys who reported illicit drug use and who were engaged in relationships with stable partners, consistent condom use was reported by 43%, versus 64% among those not reporting such habits. In the subgroup of boys engaged in stable relationships who did not report illicit drug use, consistent condom use was less frequent among those who used alcohol or cigarettes, compared to those who did not drink or smoke (61% versus 71%). Girls were less likely than boys to use condoms consistently, regardless of the nature of their relationships, without a noticeable influence of drug use. Policies to prevent drug abuse, sexually transmitted infections, and unplanned pregnancy should be fully integrated.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | RISK FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health
Document Number: 340175

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Is sexual risk taking behaviour changing in rural south-west Uganda? Behaviour trends in a rural population cohort 1993 2006.
Author: Biraro S; Shafer LA; Kleinschmidt I; Wolff B; Karabalinda A; Nalwoga A; Musinguzi J; Kirungi W; Opio A; Whitworth J; Grosskurth H
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(Suppl 1):i3-i11.
Abstract: Objective: To describe sexual behaviour trends in a rural Ugandan cohort in the context of an evolving HIV epidemic, 1993-2006. Methods: Sexual behaviour data were collected annually from a population cohort in which HIV serological surveys were also conducted. Behaviour trends were determined using survival analysis and logistic regression. Trends are reported based on the years in which the respective indicators were collected. Results: Between 1993 and 2006, median age at first sex increased from 16.7 years to 18.2 years among 17-20-year-old girls and from 18.5 years to 19.9 years among boys. Both sexes reported a dip in age at sexual debut between 1998 and 2001. One or more casual partners in the past 12 months among men rose from 11.6% in 1997 to 12.7% in 2004 and then declined to 10.2% in 2006. Among women it increased from 1.4% in 1997 to 3.7% in 2004 and then reduced to 1.4% in 2006. The rise in casual partners between 1997 and 2004 was driven mainly by older age groups. Trends in condom use with casual partners varied by age, increasing among those aged 35+ years, declining in the middle age groups and presenting a dip and then a rise in the youngest aged group (13-19 years). Conclusion: Among youth, risky behaviour declined but increased in the late 1990s/early 2000s. Among those aged 35+ years, condom use rose but casual partners also rose. Several indicators portrayed a temporary increase in risk taking behaviour from 1998 to 2002.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COHORT ANALYSIS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | RURAL POPULATION | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | CONDOM USE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 340101

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Zagreb, Croatia.
Author: Bozicevic I; Rode OD; Lepej SZ; Johnston LG; Stulhofer A; Dominkovic Z; Vacak V; Lukas D; Begovac J
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Apr;13(2):303-309.
Abstract: We used respondent-driven sampling among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zagreb, Croatia in 2006 to investigate the prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviours. We recruited 360 MSM. HIV infection was diagnosed in 4.5%. The seroprevalence of antibodies to viral pathogens was: herpes simplex virus type-2, 9.4%; hepatitis A, 14.2%; hepatitis C, 3.0%. Eighty percent of participants were susceptible to HBV infection (HBs antigen negative, and no antibodies to HBs and HBc antigen). Syphilis seroprevalence was 10.6%. Prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea was 9.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. Results indicate the need for interventions to diagnose, treat and prevent sexually transmitted infections among this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
CROATIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | URBAN POPULATION | PREVALENCE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 340131

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Infidelity, Trust, and Condom Use Among Latino Youth in Dating Relationships.
Author: Brady SS; Tschann JM; Ellen JM; Flores E
Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Apr;36(4):227-231.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Latino youth in the United States are at greater risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in comparison with non-Hispanic white youth. METHODS:: Sexually active heterosexual Latino youth aged 16 to 22 years (N = 647) were recruited for interviews through a large health maintenance organization or community clinics. RESULTS:: Adjusting for gender, age, ethnic heritage, and recruitment method, woman's consistent use of hormonal contraceptives, ambivalence about avoiding pregnancy, longer length of sexual relationship, and greater overall trust in main partner were independently associated with inconsistent condom use and engagement in a greater number of sexual intercourse acts that were unprotected by condom use. Perception that one's main partner had potentially been unfaithful, but not one's own sexual concurrency, was associated with consistent condom use and fewer acts of unprotected sexual intercourse. Sexually concurrent youth who engaged in inconsistent condomuse with other partners were more likely to engage in inconsistent condom use and a greater number of unprotected sexual intercourse acts with main partners. CONCLUSIONS:: Increasing attachment between youth may be a risk factor for the transmission of STIs via normative declines in condom use. Perception that one's partner has potentially been unfaithful may result in greater condom use. However, many Latino adolescents and young adults who engage in sexual concurrency may not take adequate steps to protect their partners from contracting STIs. Some youth may be more focused on the emotional and social repercussions of potentially revealing infidelity by advocating condom use than the physical repercussions of unsafe sex.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | WHITES | YOUTH | HETEROSEXUALS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 330495

14.

Title: Supportive friendships moderate the association between stressful life events and sexual risk taking among African American adolescents.
Author: Brady SS; Dolcini MM; Harper GW; Pollack LM
Source: Health Psychology. 2009 Mar;28(2):238-48.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether uncontrollable stressful life events were associated with sexual risk taking among adolescents across a 1-year period, and whether supportive friendships modified associations. DESIGN: Participants were 159 sexually active African American adolescents (57% male; mean age [SD] = 17.0 [1.5] years at baseline). Participants were recruited for in-person interviews through random digit dialing in one inner-city neighborhood characterized by high rates of poverty and crime relative to the surrounding city. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dependent variables included substance use before sexual activity and inconsistent condom use. RESULTS: Among adolescents who reported low levels of supportive friendships, uncontrollable stressors were associated with greater levels of sexual risk taking over time. In contrast, uncontrollable stressors were not associated with sexual risk taking among adolescents who reported high social support from friends; risk taking was typically moderate to high among these adolescents. CONCLUSION: Different processes may explain sexual risk taking among adolescents with varying levels of social support from friends. Adolescents with low support may be prone to engagement in health risk behavior as a stress response, while adolescents with high support may engage in risk behavior primarily due to peer socialization of risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | BLACKS | ADOLESCENTS | PEER GROUPS | URBAN POPULATION | STRESS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341117

15.

Title: What do sexually active adolescent females say about relationship issues?
Author: Bralock A; Koniak-Griffin D
Source: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2009 Apr;24(2):131-40.
Abstract: Many sexually active teenagers face risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. The purpose of our study was to gain an understanding about influences on condom use among sexually active adolescents in relationships. Data were collected through semi-structured openended interviews. The findings of this study suggest that many adolescents desired the love of a male partner, and were willing to concede to his request of practicing unprotected sex. Findings support the urgent need for interventions that will promote skill-building techniques to negotiate safer sex behaviors among youth who are most likely to be exposed to STIs through risky behaviors.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS | COUPLES | BLACKS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | NEEDS | CONDOM USE | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342095

16.

17.
Title: Parental communication as a protective factor in increasing condom use among minority adolescents.
Author: Buzi RS; Smith PB; Weinman ML
Source: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2009 Jan-Mar;21(1):51-9.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine ethnic differences in risk behaviors among adolescents who attended family planning clinics and to evaluate the impact of parental communication regarding sexual topics on adolescent condom use. The sample for this study included 697 black and Hispanic female adolescents ranging in age from 13-22 years. Ethnic differences were found in sexually transmitted infection rates, number of sexual partners, and condom use. Although black adolescents were more likely than Hispanic adolescents to report recent condom use, Black adolescents reported higher rates of sexually transmitted infections and more sexual partners. Black adolescents reported more parental communication about sexual topics than Hispanic adolescents. Parental communication was associated with increased condom use. The results of this study emphasize the importance of parental communication in risk reduction among adolescents. As ethnicity emerged in the study as a significant factor, interventions aimed at increasing parent-adolescent communication will have to be tailored to address the needs of specific ethnic groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ETHNIC GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | PARENTS | CONDOM USE | COMMUNICATION | RISK BEHAVIOR | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Child Rearing
Document Number: 341666

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: AIDS and the stigma of sexual promiscuity: Thai nurses' risk perceptions ofoccupational exposure to HIV.
Author: Chan KY; Rungpueng A; Reidpath DD
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2009 May;11(4):353-368.
Abstract: This paper examines the culturally shaped meanings of AIDS and perceptions of accidental occupational exposure to HIV among a group of twenty nurses in Bangkok, Thailand. The findings are based on data collected as a part of a larger mixed-methods study that examined how perceptions of risk behaviours (including sexual promiscuity) shape health workers' perceptions of patients living with HIV/AIDS. Nurses' narratives revealed that despite acknowledgement of the low probability of occupational exposure to HIV, the fear of HIV infection remained and was largely driven by the enormity of the anticipated social (rather than the health) consequences of being HIV-positive. The perceived certainty of social ostracism was reinforced by participants' observations of the social rejection experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS both within and outside clinical settings. For female nurses, the dominant social perception that women living with HIV/AIDS were violators of gender norms, and thus 'guilty' victims, was an issue central to their self-identities. Ways of improving care for people living with HIV in the light of the nurses concerns and future research are discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | NURSES AND NURSING | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | STIGMA | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | PERCEPTION | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Sexual Partners | Behavior | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Economic Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 341088

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Evaluation of uptake and attitude to voluntary counseling and testing among health care professional students in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.
Author: Charles MP; Kweka EJ; Mahande AM; Barongo LR; Shekalaghe S; Nkya HM; Lowassa A; Mahande MJ
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 May;9(128):1-9.
Abstract: A structured questionnaire was used among health care professional students aged 18-25 years who were enrolled in degree, diploma, and certificate courses at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College and all other allied health schools. A total of 309 students were recruited; among these 197 (63.8%) were females. All respondents were aware of the benefits of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). Only 107 (34.6%) of students had previously gone to VCT. Risk perception among the students was low (37.2%) even though they were found to have higher risk behaviors that predisposed them to becoming infected with HIV.
Language: English
Keywords:
TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | AWARENESS | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341407

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A cluster randomized controlled trial of an adolescent HIV prevention program among Bahamian youth: effect at 12 months post-intervention.
Author: Chen X; Lunn S; Deveaux L; Li X; Brathwaite N; Cottrell L; Stanton B
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(3):499-508.
Abstract: Behavioral interventions based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) have been demonstrated to reduce HIV risk behavior among mid- and older adolescents in different settings across the globe but have not been evaluated among Caribbean nations and have received limited evaluation among pre-adolescents. To determine (1) the effectiveness among pre-adolescents in The Bahamas of a PMT-based HIV prevention program "Focus on Youth in the Caribbean" (FOYC) and (2) the role of the targeted PMT constructs in intervention effect. 1,360 sixth grade youth (10-11 years of age) from 15 urban schools in New Providence, The Bahamas were randomized by school to receive either FOYC or a control condition. Data collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months post intervention were analyzed. A five-step scheme was used to assess sexual behavior progression, ranging from "1" = "a virgin without intention to have sex" to "5" = "having sex without a condom". Group-based trajectory analysis was utilized in assessing the program effect. Two sexual behavior progression patterns were detected: slow progressors and quick progressors. Receiving FOYC reduced the likelihood for adolescents to become quick progressors (adjusted OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-1.00). The observed effectiveness was especially impacted by a subset of the targeted PMT constructs. FOYC effectively delays sexual risk among Bahamian pre-adolescents. The group-based trajectory analysis provides an analytical approach for assessing interventions among adolescents with low rates and diverse progression patterns of sexual activity.
Language: English
Keywords:
CARIBBEAN | RESEARCH REPORT | PRE-POST TESTS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Americas | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Behavior
Document Number: 342104

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among high-risk heterosexual men with multiple sex partners: use of respondent-driven sampling.
Author: Chopra M; Townsend L; Johnston L; Mathews C; Tomlinson M; O'bra H; Kendall C
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51(1):72-7.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To collect HIV data from high-risk men who have multiple, younger, female sex partners in a periurban township in South Africa. DESIGN: Unlinked anonymous cross-sectional survey using respondent-driven sampling. METHODS: Survey conducted among men aged 18 years or older who reported having had sex with more than 1 female partner in the previous 3 months (one of whom was either 3 or more years younger than the participant or below the age of 24) and lived in the area of recruitment. RESULTS: The median age of the 421 recruited men was 28 years (range: 18-62 years). They reported a median of 6 sexual partners (range: 2-39) during the past 3 months, and 51% (confidence interval: 45.0 to 59.6) reported inconsistent condom use with their casual partners. During the 3 months before the survey, 98% of men reported having concurrent sexual relationships. HIV prevalence was 12.3% (confidence interval: 8.3% to 16.9%). Being older than 24 years and not using a condom during the last sexual intercourse with a 1-time sexual partner were significantly associated with HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This group of heterosexual urban men practice high levels of risky sexual behavior and are an important group that require more targeted HIV surveillance and prevention interventions.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | HETEROSEXUALS | MEN | URBAN POPULATION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | CONDOM USE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Sexual Partners | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 342370

22.

Title: Combating cross-generational sex in Uganda.
Author: Clifton D
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Feb. [3] p.
Abstract: Cross-generational sex -- or Sugar Daddy syndrome -- is a pattern of sexual behavior between young women and much older men that brings increased health risks and consequences for young women. In most cases of cross-generational sex, the women are ages 15 to 19 and unmarried; their male partners are at least 10 years older. Although most cross-generational sex is based on the exchange of favors or material goods, it is different from commercial sex or prostitution. Sadly, few large-scale interventions have been undertaken to combat this risky behavior and even fewer have been evaluated to show how well they actually work. However, in Uganda, an important collaboration between the government, local organizations, and USAID may be leading the way. The association of cross-generational sex with unsafe behaviors and HIV risk makes the practice a priority for attention in Africa. While there is much work to be done, this program has successfully involved the community in its efforts. In one year, audiences sent in more than 900 letters with questions and comments about the radio dramas and related materials. Y.E.A.H. has obviously struck a resonant chord in Uganda -- one that could possibly be replicated in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | WOMEN | SUGAR DADDIES | TRANSACTIONAL SEX | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331482

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Association of attitudes and beliefs towards antiretroviral therapy with HIV-seroprevalence in the general population of Kisumu, Kenya.
Author: Cohen CR; Montandon M; Carrico AW; Shiboski S; Bostrom A; Obure A; Kwena Z; Bailey RC; Nguti R; Bukusi EA
Source: PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4573.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since antiretroviral therapy (ART) became available in the developed world, the prevalence of unprotected sex and the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV have increased. We hypothesized that a similar phenomenon may be occurring in sub-Saharan Africa concomitant with the scale-up of HIV treatment. METHODS: We conducted a general population-based survey in Kisumu, Kenya. Participants completed an interview that included demographics as well as ART-related attitudes and beliefs (AB) and then underwent HIV serological testing. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of AB about ART indicated two factors: 1) ART-related risk compensation (increased sexual risk taking now that ART is available); and 2) a perception that HIV is more controllable now that ART is available. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of these factors with HIV-seroprevalence after controlling for age. FINDINGS: 1,655 (90%) of 1,844 people aged 15-49 contacted, including 749 men and 906 women, consented to participate in the study. Most participants (n = 1164; 71%) had heard of ART. Of those who had heard of ART, 23% believed ART was a cure for HIV. ART-related risk compensation (Adjusted (A)OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.81), and a belief that ART cures HIV (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.22-3.76) were associated with an increased HIV seroprevalence in men but not women after controlling for age. In particular, ART-related risk compensation was associated with an increased HIV-seroprevalence in young (aged 15-24 years) men (OR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.12-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: ART-related risk compensation and a belief that ART cures HIV were associated with an increased HIV seroprevalence among men but not women. HIV prevention programs in sub-Saharan Africa that target the general population should include educational messages about ART and address the changing beliefs about HIV in the era of greater ART availability.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX FACTORS | KNOWLEDGE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Population | HIV | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 331237

24.

Title: Sexual behavior and contraceptive use among youth in West Africa.
Author: Dann G
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2009 Feb. [3] p.
Abstract: This article examines data from the Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal, and it explores the variation in sexual knowledge and practices among youth ages 15 to 24. With this information, policy-makers and program managers can develop programs that more effectively respond to the sexual and reproductive health needs of youth.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, WESTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | PROGRAM DESIGN | Developing Countries | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339990

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Standard and Gendered STI/HIV Risk Behavior, and STI/HIV Diagnosis Among A Clinic-Based Sample of Men.
Author: Decker M; Seage G 3rd; Hemenway D; Gupta J; Raj A; Silverman JG
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Jul 21;
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The estimated one in three women worldwide victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV) consistently demonstrate elevated STI/HIV prevalence; abusive male partners' risky sexual behaviors and subsequent infection are implicated. Little empirical data exist to characterize men's sexual risk as it relates to violence perpetration and STI/HIV. METHODS: Data from a survey of men ages 18-35 recruited from three community-based health clinics in an urban area (n=1585) were analyzed to assess the prevalence of IPV perpetration and relations of such violent behavior with both standard (e.g., anal sex, injection drug use) and gendered (e.g., coercive condom practices, sexual infidelity) forms of sexual risk, and STI/HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: Approximately one third of participants (32.7%) reported perpetrating violence against an intimate partner in their lifetime; 1 in 8 (12.4%) participants reported history of STI/HIV diagnosis. Men's IPV perpetration related to both standard and gendered STI/HIV risk behaviors (AORS 1.72 to 6.22) and to STI/HIV diagnosis (OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.54, 6.66). In a multivariate model, the association of men's IPV perpetration with STI/HIV diagnosis was partially attenuated (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.77, 3.67), and a subset of gendered sexual risk behaviors were found to be independently related to STI/HIV diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Men's perpetration of violence against intimate partners is common among this population. Abusive men are at increased risk for STI/HIV, with gendered forms of sexual risk behavior partially responsible. Findings indicate the need for interwoven sexual health promotion and violence prevention efforts targeted to men that include addressing gendered sexual risk.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREVALENCE | WOMEN | MEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | RISK FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | NEEDS | Research Methodology | Measurement | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342227

26.

Title: Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among a sample of HIV-positive and HIV-negative females visiting an urban VCT center in Haiti.
Author: Devieux JG; Deschamps MM; Malow RM; Jean-Gilles M; Saint-Jean G; Saint-Jean G; Marcelin A; Pape JW
Source: Journal of Health Care For the Poor and Underserved. 2009 May;20(2):554-68.
Abstract: The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of over 43,000 women attending the Groupe Hatien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) Centers in Haiti between 1999-2004 were examined. Comparative analyses were conducted for several sub-samples. Analyses revealed that across the entire sample, HIV-positive women appeared to engage in more risky behaviors than HIV-negative women (p< .01); however, as a group, pregnant HIV-positive women reported safer behaviors than non-pregnant HIV-positive women (p<.01). Women from all groups were generally knowledgeable about the risk of HIV transmission through dirty needles and mother to child. However, inaccurate information about transmission through supernatural means and mosquitoes was very common. These results suggest that knowledge and education are negatively associated with HIV status in this sample. Addressing gaps in knowledge and behavior and reducing the risky behaviors of HIV-positive individuals are important directions for future programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN | RISK BEHAVIOR | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | HIV INFECTIONS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341812

27.

Title: [Health risk behaviors among adolescents in the south of Brazil: prevalence and associated factors] Comportamentos de risco a saude em adolescentes no Sul de Brasil: prevalencia e fatores associados.
Author: Farias Junior JC; Nahas MV; Barros MV; Loch MR; Oliveira ES; De Bem MF; Lopes AS
Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud P�blica / Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Apr;25(4):344-352.
Abstract: The authors sought to determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors and to analyze factors associated with exposure to such behaviors among adolescents in the state of Santa Catarina in the south of Brazil. Adolescents attending 240 high school classes at the state's public schools answered a questionnaire that collected demographics (sex, age, area of residence, and day versus night classes); social and economic data (working status and monthly family income); and information on health risk behaviors. The completed questionnaires of 5,028 adolescents (2,984 females and 2,044 males) 15-19 years of age were considered valid. The most prevalent health risk behaviors were insufficient levels of physical activity (36.5%), low intake of fruits and vegetables (46.5%), and irregular use of condoms (38.3%). Approximately 7 of 10 adolescents (64.7%) were exposed to two or more risk behaviors simultaneously. The following risk subgroups were identified: male adolescents, adolescents 18-19 years of age, living in urban areas, studying at night, and having a higher family income. The percentage of adolescents exposed to health risk behaviors was high, especially when simultaneous exposure to different behaviors was considered.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | ADOLESCENTS | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | EXPOSURE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | DIET | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Schools | Risk Factors | Health | Behavior | Nutrition
Document Number: 340178

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Adapting a multifaceted U.S. HIV prevention education program for girls in Ghana.
Author: Fiscian VS; Obeng EK; Goldstein K; Shea JA; Turner BJ
Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2009;21(1):67-79.
Abstract: A U.S. HIV prevention program was adapted to address knowledge gaps and cultural pressures that increase the risk of infection in adolescent Ghanaian girls. The theory-based nine-module HIV prevention program combines didactics and games, an interactive computer program about sugar daddies, and tie-and-dye training to demonstrate an economic alternative to transactional sex. The abstinence-based study was conducted in a church-affiliated junior secondary school in Nsawam, Ghana. Of 61 subjects aged 10-14 in the prevention program, over two thirds were very worried about becoming HIV infected. A pre-post evaluation of the intervention showed significant gains in three domains: HIV knowledge (p = .001) and self efficacy to discuss HIV and sex with men (p < .001) and with boys (p < .001). Responses to items about social norms of HIV risk behavior were also somewhat improved (p = .09). Subjects rated most program features highly. Although short-term knowledge and self-efficacy to address HIV improved significantly, longer term research is needed to address cultural and economic factors placing young women at risk of HIV infection. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | EVALUATION REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | SELF ESTEEM | RISK BEHAVIOR | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Psychological Factors | Interpersonal Relations
Document Number: 325287

29.

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behavior and drug consumption among young adults in a shantytown in Lima, Peru.
Author: Galvez-Buccollini JA; DeLea S; Herrera PM; Gilman RH; Paz-Soldan V
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 19;9(23):[27] p.
Abstract: Risky sexual behaviors of young adults have received increasing attention during the last decades. However, few studies have focused on the sexual behavior of young adults in shantytowns of Latin America. Specifically, studies on the association between sexual behaviors and other risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV/AIDS transmission, such as the consumption of illicit drugs or alcohol are scarce in this specific context. The study participants were 393 men and 400 women between 18 and 30 years of age, from a shantytown in Lima, Peru. Data were obtained via survey: one section applied by a trained research assistant, and a self-reporting section. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between use of any illicit drug, high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms, adjusting for alcohol consumption level and various socio-demographic characteristics. Among men, age of sexual debut was lower, number of lifetime sexual partners was higher, and there were higher risk types of sexual partners, compared to women. Though consistent condom use with casual partners was low in both groups, reported condom use at last intercourse was higher among men than women. Also, a lifetime history of illicit drug consumption decreased the probability of condom use at last sexual intercourse by half. Among men, the use of illicit drugs doubled the probability of intercourse with a casual partner during the last year and tripled the probability of reported STI symptoms. Drug consumption is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and reported STI symptoms in a Lima shantytown after controlling for alcohol consumption level. Development of prevention programs for risky sexual behaviors, considering gender differences, is discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | OLDER ADULTS | RISK FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | CONDOM USE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Risk Reduction Behavior
Document Number: 329532


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