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Peer Reviewed

Title: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 427: Misoprostol for postabortion care.
Author: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 1):465-8.
Abstract: The World Health Organization estimates that 67,000 women, mostly in developing countries, die each year from untreated or inadequately treated abortion complications. Postabortion care, a term commonly used by the international reproductive health community, refers to a specific set of services for women experiencing problems from all types of spontaneous or induced abortion. There is increasing evidence that misoprostol is a safe, effective, and acceptable method to achieve uterine evacuation for women needing postabortion care. To reduce maternal mortality, availability of postabortion care services must be increased. Misoprostol must be readily available especially for women who do not otherwise have access to postabortion care. Nurses and midwives can safely provide first-line postabortion care services, including in outpatient settings,provided they receive appropriate training and support. Access to contraception and safe abortion services prevents complications from unsafe abortion and decreases the need for postabortion care. It is much less expensive and far better for women's health to prevent the problem of unsafe abortion rather than to treat resulting complications.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | ABORTION | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | POSTABORTION CARE | MISOPROSTOL | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341050

Title: Constructive men's engagement in reproductive health: a training-of-trainers' manual. Couple communication and shared decisionmaking related to reproductive health.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative; Care International. Keneya Ciwara; Mali. Ministere de la Sante. Division de la Sante Reproductive
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2009 May. 26 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00)
Abstract: This curriculum was developed as part of a USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1 project focused on building an enabling policy and institutional environment for constructive men's engagement (CME) in reproductive health in Mali. The project worked with the Ministry of Health and other partners in facilitating the process of creating national guidelines to integrate CME in family planning and reproductive health (FP / RH) and to improve women's and men's uptake of FP / RH services. The project brought together the assembly of a large, multisectoral group of stakeholders to develop, refine, and validate Mali's national guidelines in support of the national Reproductive Health Strategic Plan. The Minister of Health quickly approved the guidelines and signed them into effect on May 20, 2008. This document contains the manual used in the pilot workshops with relais communautaires. It is designed to enable community health educators to incorporate activities related to constructive men's engagement in reproductive health (CME-RH) in their daily work. This includes promoting dialogue among men and women to increase couple communication and shared decisionmaking related to FP / RH. As such, it can be adapted in other settings, based on local needs.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | MANUAL | TRAINING ACTIVITIES | COUPLES | DECISION MAKING | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | WORKSHOPS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Training Programs | Education | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication
Document Number: 331535

Title: Human resources for health: Tools and publications.
Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative
Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2009 Mar. [2] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00)
Abstract: The USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, fosters an enabling policy environment for improved health, especially HIV, family planning / reproductive health, and maternal health programs. Having adequate human resources is essential for scaling up and sustaining effective, accessible, high-quality health programs. To help ensure human resources, the project assists program planners to estimate human resource and training needs; identifies policy reforms to enable task-shifting and better workforce recruitment, training, and distribution; and mobilizes a multisectoral response by strengthening HIV-related human resources in workplaces, NGOs, and networks of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The project has also designed a Stigma Index that measures stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and behaviors among healthcare providers, highlighting an area that must be addressed by provider training initiatives. This flyer lists the project's computer models and publications on strengthening HIV-related human resource capacity.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | WORKERS | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | POLICY | COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND PROGRAMMING | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Information Processing | Information | Social Problems
Document Number: 331545

Title: The long wait: reproductive health care in Haiti.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. Research and Training Institute, Inc.
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, Research and Training Institute, Inc., 2009. 22 p.
Abstract: The reproductive health status of Haiti's communities contributes to a life expectancy of 62.8 years for women in comparison to 75.5 years in neighboring Dominican Republic or 80.8 years for women in the U.S. According to Haiti's 2005-2006 Demography Health Survey, 37.5% of women have unmet family planning needs. Additionally, youth and rural area residents report greater unmet needs for family planning than the national average. Unmet family planning contributes to a high total fertility rate of 4.79 (5 in rural versus 2.8 in urban areas), a high infant morality (57 deaths per 1000 live births) and the highest maternal mortality rate in the western world-630 deaths per 100,000 live births. These alarming RH indicators prompted a team from JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. (JSI) to visit Haiti in January 2009. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify gaps in the availability and accessibility of comprehensive RH services including: Safer motherhood and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Family planning, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention, care and support, Gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, care and support, and Adolescent-focused RH programming for each of the above RH components. 2) to identify community-level responses and opportunities for strengthening the quality and availability of comprehensive RH services. This report presents the findings of this assessment.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341307

10.

11.

Title: Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the Implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty Adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference, 3-5 February 2009, Bangkok. Report.
Author: United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]; United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: Bangkok, Thailand, ESCAP, 2009. 38 p.
Abstract: The Expert Group Meeting to Assess the Progress in the implementation of the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty adopted at the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference was held at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok from 3 to 5 February 2009. The Expert Group Meeting was organized by the Social Policy and Population Section, Social Development Division, ESCAP in collaboration with the UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office. The meeting benefited from background papers and country reports prepared by resource persons and representatives of governments.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | OCEANIA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | ESCAP | POPULATION | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | GENDER ISSUES | MIGRATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331854

12.

Title: Reaching youth through community strategies.
Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Community Based Family Planning
Source: [Washington, D.C.], USAID, 2009 Jul. 5 p. (Community Based Family Planning Technical Update No. 7)
Abstract: This brief discusses the role that communities play in supporting and improving youth sexual and reproductive health. It includes steps for designing programs for youth in a community setting; strategies to reach youth through community members; links with larger community mobilization efforts; and additional technical resources.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | PROGRAM DESIGN | IMPLEMENTATION | FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Health
Document Number: 341211

13.

Title: Wealth Index association with gender issues and the reproductive health of Egyptian women.
Author: Afifi M
Source: Nursing and Health Sciences. 2009 Mar;11(1):29-36.
Abstract: This study investigated the association of the Wealth Index of married women in Egypt with a number of gender and reproductive health issues found in the 2005 Egypt Demographic Health Survey. The data from a subsample of 5249 currently married women from a total of 19,474 was examined using logistic regression analysis. The women's lowest wealth quintile predicted the intention to continue female genital cutting for their daughters, exposure to physical and sexual marital violence, not being empowered in household decisions, having a higher number of children, having an unintended last child, mothers' maltreatment of their children, the perception of a lack of health-care providers or drugs as an obstacle to receiving care, and not being covered by health insurance. The association of poverty with the aforementioned adverse health outcomes are discussed. Physicians should understand the effect of poverty on health and endeavour to influence policy-makers to reduce the poverty burden on health.
Language: English
Keywords:
EGYPT | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | GENDER ISSUES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | POVERTY | ANTENATAL CARE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa, North | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Economic Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Policy | Political Factors
Document Number: 342089

14.

Title: The quality of family planning services and client satisfaction in the public and private sectors in Kenya.
Author: Agha S; Do M
Source: International Journal For Quality In Health Care. 2009 Apr;21(2):87-96.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of family planning services delivered at public and private facilities in Kenya. METHODS: Data from the 2004 Kenya Service Provision Assessment were analysed. The Kenya Service Provision Assessment is a representative sample of health facilities in the public and private sectors, and comprises data obtained from a facility inventory, service provider interviews, observations of client-provider interactions and exit interviews. Quality-of-care indicators are compared between the public and private sectors along three dimensions: structure, process and outcome. RESULTS: Private facilities were superior to public sector facilities in terms of physical infrastructure and the availability of services. Public sector facilities were more likely to have management systems in place. There was no difference between public and private providers in the technical quality of care provided. Private providers were better at managing interpersonal aspects of care. The higher level of client satisfaction at private facilities could not be explained by differences between public and private facilities in structural and process aspects of care. CONCLUSIONS: Formal private sector facilities providing family planning services exhibit greater readiness to provide services and greater attention to client needs than public sector facilities in Kenya. Consistent with this, client satisfaction is much higher at private facilities. Technical quality of care provided is similar in public and private facilities.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | CLIENTS | FAMILY PLANNING | SATISFACTION | PUBLIC SECTOR | PRIVATE SECTOR | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342098

15.

Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Ghana.
Author: Akitobi E; Leahy E; Nerquaye-Tetteh J
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 30 p.
Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Ghana. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331428

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased use of contraceptives among HIV-positive women during expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda.
Author: Andia I; Kaida A; Maier M; Guzman D; Emenyonu N; Pepper L; Bangsberg DR; Hogg RS
Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Feb;99(2):340-7.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the prevalence of contraceptive use among women who are HIV positive varied according to use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Mbarara, Uganda. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 484 women who were HIV positive (18-50 years) and were attending Mbarara University's HIV clinic, 45% of whom were receiving HAART. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between HAART use and contraceptive use. Data were collected between November 2005 and June 2006. RESULTS: Overall, 45% of the women were sexually active in the previous 3 months. Of these, 85% reported using contraceptive methods, with 84% reporting use of barrier contraceptive methods. Women receiving HAART were more than twice as likely to use contraceptive methods (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 6.49) and more than 3 times as likely to use barrier contraceptive methods (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI = 1.54, 8.55) than were women not receiving HAART. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the need for increased attention to better integration of reproductive health and HIV and AIDS services for women who are HIV positive.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | HIV | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 329768

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Questioning gender norms with men to improve health outcomes: Evidence of impact.
Author: Barker G; Ricardo C; Nascimento M; Olukoya A; Santos C
Source: Global Public Health. 2009;:1-15.
Abstract: This article describes a review of 58 evaluation studies of programmes with men and boys in sexual and reproductive health (including HIV prevention, treatment, care and support); father involvement; gender-based violence; maternal, newborn and child health; and gender socialisation more broadly. While few of the programmes go beyond the pilot stage, or a relatively short-term timeframe, they offer compelling evidence that well-designed programmes with men and boys can lead to positive changes in their behaviours and attitudes related to sexual and reproductive health; maternal, newborn and child health; their interaction with their children; their use of violence against women; their questioning of violence with other men; and their health-seeking behaviour. The evidence indicates that programmes that incorporate a gender-transformative approach and promote gender-equitable relationships between men and women are more effective in producing behaviour change than narrowly focused interventions, as are programmes which reach beyond the individual level to the social context. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | MALE ROLE | VIOLENCE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | Behavior | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Psychological Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 342230

18.

Title: Role of parents in adolescent sexual activity and contraceptive use in four african countries.
Author: Biddlecom A; Awusabo-Asare K; Bankole A
Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):72-81.
Abstract: Data were collected in 2004 in nationally representative surveys of 12- to 19-year-olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. Bivariate analysis was used to compare gender differences for two outcomes among unmarried 15- to 19-year-olds having had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months and, among those who had had sex in this period, having used contraception at last sex. Unmarried adolescents reported moderate to high levels of parental monitoring and low levels of parent-child communication about sexual matters. In all countries, adolescent males who reported low monitoring were at elevated risk of having had sex in the last year, as were their female counterparts in three of the countries. Communication with parents was positively associated with sexual activity among Malawian males and Ugandan females. Parental monitoring was not associated with contraceptive use at last sex, whereas parent-child communication was associated with such use among Ghanaian females and among Ugandan adolescents of both genders. The authors conclude that programs to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health should include dimensions of parental involvement.
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | GHANA | MALAWI | UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Eastern | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Child Rearing | Health | Communication | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 342142

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Preventive service needs of young people perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda.
Author: Birungi H; Obare F; Mugisha JF; Evelia H; Nyombi J
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jun;21(6):725-731.
Abstract: This study examines the sexual expressions and experiences as well as the preventive practices of 732 adolescent boys and girls aged 15-19 years who were born with HIV. The data come from a project on the sexuality of young people perinatally infected with HIV conducted in 2007 in four districts of Uganda. The analysis involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach entails cross-tabulations with chi-square tests as well as significance tests of proportions. The qualitative approach involves an analysis of individual case stories, in-depth probes, and focus group discussions for content. The findings show disconnect between: (1) the information service providers give to young people and young people's actual needs and desires; (2) adolescents' fears and their actual preventive practices; and (3) the high level of reported condom use and the frequency of use. Programs need to recognize that young people perinatally infected with HIV are sexually active or anticipatebeing so in future.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | YOUTH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | FEAR | CONDOM USE | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors
Document Number: 339860

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A life course approach to patterns and trends in modern Latin American sexual behavior.
Author: Bozon M; Gayet C; Barrientos J
Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51 Suppl 1:S4-S12.
Abstract: This article explores trends in sexual behavior in Latin America, envisaged from a life-course perspective, taking into account social differences. It is focused on three main issues: the timing of early sexual and reproductive events, sexual activity during adulthood, and measurement of homosexuality-bisexuality. It draws on general population data from nonspecific surveys, as surveys dealing specifically with sexual behavior are scarce in Latin American countries. A traditional feature in these societies is the huge amount of social inequality, which translates directly into social differences in sexual experience, especially among women. Despite the decline in fertility, an early start of unions and of reproductive experience remains typical of groups with lower education. Another aspect is the diversity of national patterns and gender systems, very far from the image of cultural homogeneity generally associated with this region. Data show a low prevalence of homosexuality/bisexuality, which can be a result of underreporting. The paper eventually stresses the necessity of carrying out more sexual behavior surveys of the general population in the region.
Language: English
Keywords:
LATIN AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | HOMOSEXUALS | CHANGES | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | Americas | Developing Countries | Health | Behavior | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 341323

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Physical and sexual violence and subsequent contraception use among reproductive aged women.
Author: Chan RL; Martin SL
Source: Contraception. 2009 Sep;80(3):276-81.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Population-based data were used to examine the association between reproductive aged women's physical and sexual violence experiences in the previous 12 months and subsequent contraception use. STUDY DESIGN: This study used a representative sample of adults (2002 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the associations of interest. RESULTS: Approximately 1 in 20 North Carolina reproductive aged women experienced physical and/or sexual violence in the previous 12 months, with physical violence as the most common. Compared to women who experienced no violence in the previous 12 months, experiences with physical violence by itself increased subsequent contraception use, while experience with sexual violence by itself decreased subsequent contraception use. Women with both experiences in the previous 12 months were less likely to be subsequently using contraception (OR=0.1; 95% CI=0.1-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study provide further evidence that different experiences with violence may dictate women's subsequent contraception use.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NORTH CAROLINA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | WOMEN'S HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUAL ABUSE | CONTRACEPTION | PHYSICAL ABUSE | REPRODUCTIVE AGE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Violence | Behavior | Reproduction
Document Number: 342573

22.

Title: Male perceptions on female sterilization: a community-based study in rural central India.
Author: Char A; Saavala M; Kulmala T
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):131-138.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Use of modern contraceptive methods has increased fourfold in India since the 1970s, characterized by a predominance of female sterilization. There has been considerable investigation about women's choice of female sterilization, but little from the male perspective. METHODS: Seven focus group discussions were conducted among 58 men currently married to women aged 15-45, followed by a cross-sectional survey among 793 men currently married to same-aged women. Bivariate analysis was used for the survey data, and content analysis was used for the qualitative data. RESULTS: Men's primary source of reproductive health information was mass media, although they expressed interest in getting information through discussion with knowledgeable sources. Men understood family planning and contraception to be two separate issues: Men viewed "family planning" as synonymous with female sterilization, whereas they saw "contraception" as referring to spacing methods, knowledge of which was limited. Thirty-four percent of men reported that their wives had been sterilized; 79% of men who did not rely on any permanent method said they wanted their wives to be sterilized. In focus group discussions, most men reported themselves as their family's sole decision maker about reproductive health; however, only one-third of survey respondents did so. CONCLUSION: Men are interested in acquiring family planning information, but lack knowledge about available information sources, which hampers their ability to make informed family planning choices. Family planning service providers and program planners need to be aware of males' knowledge and perceptions pertaining to family planning, and make appropriate modifications to communication strategies.
Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El uso de m�todos anticonceptivos modernos se ha cuadruplicado en India desde los a�os setenta y se ha caracterizado por el predominio de la esterilizaci�n femenina. Ha habido considerables esfuerzos de investigaci�n sobre la elecci�n de la esterilizaci�n femenina que hacen las mujeres, pero existen pocos estudios desde la perspectiva masculina. M�todos: Siete sesiones de grupos focales se condujeron con 58 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres en edades de 15-45 a�os, seguidas por una encuesta transversal aplicada a 793 hombres actualmente casados con mujeres del mismo grupo de edad. Se us� an�lisis bivariado para los datos de la encuesta y an�lisis de contenido para los datos cualitativos. Resultados: Para los hombres, la fuente primaria de informaci�n sobre salud reproductiva fue los medios masivos, aunque ellos expresaron inter�s en obtener informaci�n a trav�s de charlas con gente informada en el tema. Los hombres encuestados entendieron la planificaci�n familiar y la anticoncepci�n como dos temas separados: los hombres percibieron la "planificaci�n familiar" como sin�nimo de esterilizaci�n femenina, mientras que se refirieron a la "anticoncepci�n" como m�todos de espaciamiento, cuyo conocimiento fue limitado. Treinta y cuatro por ciento de los hombres reportaron que sus esposas hab�an sido esterilizadas; 79% de los hombres que no depend�an de alg�n m�todo permanente dijeron que quer�an que sus esposas fueran esterilizadas. En las sesiones de grupo, la mayor�a de los hombres se identific� como el �nico tomador de decisiones en su familia respecto a la salud reproductiva; sin embargo, solamente un tercio de los hombres encuestados se identific� de esa forma. Conclusi�n: Los hombres est�n interesados en obtener informaci�n sobre planificaci�n familiar, pero desconocen las fuentes disponibles que pueden consultar, lo cual limita su capacidad para tomar decisiones informadas sobre planificaci�n familiar. Los prestadores de servicios y planificadores de programas de planificaci�n familiar deben estar conscientes del conocimiento y percepciones de los hombres en relaci�n con la planificaci�n familiar, y realizar las modificaciones apropiadas a sus estrategias de comunicaci�n.
French Abstract: Contexte: La pratique de la contraception moderne a quadrupl� en Inde depuis les ann�es 1970. Elle se caract�rise par une pr�dominance de la st�rilisation f�minine. De nombreuses �tudes ont �t� men�es sur le choix f�minin de la st�rilisation. La perspective masculine n'est en revanche gu�re connue. M�thodes: Sept r�unions de groupe ont �t� organis�es avec 58 hommes mari�s � des femmes de 15 � 45 ans. Une enqu�te transversale a ensuite �t� men�e aupr�s de 793 hommes mari�s � des femmes de la m�me tranche d'�ge. L'analyse bivari�e a �t� utilis�e pour les donn�es d'enqu�te, et l'analyse de contenu pour les donn�es qualitatives. R�sultats: Pour les hommes, les m�dias repr�sentent la principale source d'information sur la sant� g�n�sique. Ils expriment cependant un certain int�r�t � s'informer par discussion aupr�s de sources comp�tentes. Les hommes voient dans la planification familiale et la contraception deux questions distinctes: la �planification familiale� est pour eux synonyme de st�rilisation f�minine, tandis que la �contraception� d�signe les m�thodes d'espacement, au sujet desquelles ils ne sont gu�re inform�s. Trente-quatre pour cent des hommes ont d�clar� que leur femme �tait st�rilis�e; 79% de ceux qui n'avaient pas eu recours � une m�thode permanente ont indiqu� d�sirer que leur femme se fasse st�riliser. Lors des discussions de groupe, la plupart des hommes se sont d�clar�s les seuls d�cideurs de leur famille en mati�re de sant� g�n�sique, par rapport � un tiers seulement des r�pondants � l'enqu�te. Conclusion: Les hommes d�sirent s'informer sur la planification familiale mais ils ignorent les sources d'information disponibles, ce qui entrave leur aptitude � op�rer des choix �clair�s en la mati�re. Les prestataires de services et les planifi- cateurs de programmes de planification familiale doivent �tre sensibles aux connaissances et aux perceptions masculines et ajuster en cons�quence leurs strat�gies de communication.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | MEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PERCEPTION | FEMALE STERILIZATION | INFORMATION SOURCES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Information
Document Number: 343003

23.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Fertility intentions and reproductive health care needs of people living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: implications for integrating reproductive health and HIV care services.
Author: Cooper D; Moodley J; Zweigenthal V; Bekker LG; Shah I; Myer L
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S38-S46.
Abstract: Tailoring sexual and reproductive health services to meet the needs of people living with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is a growing concern but there are few insights into these issues where HIV is most prevalent. This cross-sectional study investigated the fertility intentions and associated health care needs of 459 women and men, not sampled as intimate partners of each other, living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa. An almost equal proportion of women (55%) and men (43%) living with HIV, reported not intending to have children as were open to the possibility of having children (45 and 57%, respectively). Overall, greater intentions to have children were associated with being male, having fewer children, living in an informal settlement and use of antiretroviral therapy. There were important gender differences in the determinants of future childbearing intentions, with being on HAART strongly associated with women's fertility intentions. Gender differences were also apparent in participants' key reasons for wanting children. A minority of participants had discussed their reproductive intentions and related issues with HIV health care providers. There is an urgent need for intervention models to integrate HIV care with sexual and reproduction health counseling and services that account for the diverse reproductive needs of these populations.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | COUNSELING | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | SEX FACTORS | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Economic Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control
Document Number: 341901

24.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Towards a sexual ethics of rights and responsibilities.
Author: Dixon-Mueller R; Germain A; Fredrick B; Bourne K
Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):111-119.
Abstract: Sexual rights as human rights encompass individual freedoms and social entitlements. Both depend for their realisation on equally important social responsibilities on the part of individuals, couples, families, other social institutions, and the State. The principle that all persons must understand their own sexual rights and responsibilities and respect the equal rights of others - particularly those of their sexual partners - informs our interpretation of the ethical basis of sexual behaviours. We propose a conceptual framework for defining a sexual ethics of equal rights and responsibilities pertaining to five dimensions of sexual behaviour: 1) sexual relationships and the right to choose one�s partner; 2) sexual expression and the right to seek pleasure; 3) sexual consequences and the right to cooperation from one�s partner; 4) sexual harm and the right to protection; and 5) sexual health and the right to information, education and health services. We suggest that the ethical principles presented here pertaining to sexual partnerships should be incorporated into sexuality education, sexual and reproductive health services, and social policies aimed at promoting the health and rights of all persons regardless of gender, marital status, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity and other personal or group identities.
Spanish Abstract: Los derechos sexuales como derechos humanos abarcan libertades individuales y derechos sociales. La realizaci�n de ambos depende de responsabilidades sociales de igual importancia por parte de particulares, parejas, familias, otras instituciones sociales y el Estado. El principio de que todas las personas deben comprender sus propios derechos y responsabilidades sexuales y respetar la igualdad de derechos de los dem�s, particularmente de las parejas sexuales, influye en nuestra interpretaci�n de la base �tica de los comportamientos sexuales. Proponemos un marco conceptual para definir la �tica sexual de la igualdad de derechos y responsabilidades concernientes a cinco dimensiones del comportamiento sexual: 1) relaciones sexuales y el derecho de escoger su pareja; 2) expresi�n sexual y el derecho de buscar placer; 3) consecuencias sexuales y el derecho a la cooperaci�n de la pareja; 4) da�o sexual y el derecho a la protecci�n; y 5) salud sexual y el derecho a la informaci�n, educaci�n y servicios de salud. Sugerimos que los principios �ticos aqu� presentados concernientes a las parejas sexuales se incorporen en la educaci�n sexual, los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva y las pol�ticas sociales destinadas a promover la salud y los derechos de cada persona independientemente de su sexo, estado civil, orientaci�n sexual, religi�n, etnia y otras identidades personales o de grupo.
French Abstract: Les droits sexuels en tant que droits de l�homme englobent les libert�s individuelles et les prestations sociales. La r�alisation de ces deux types de droits d�pend de responsabilit�s sociales aussi importantes de la part des individus, des couples, des familles, d�autres institutions sociales et de l��tat. Notre interpr�tation du fondement �thique des comportements sexuels est bas�e sur le principe selon lequel tous les individus doivent comprendre leurs responsabilit�s et leurs droits sexuels, et respecter l��galit� des droits de l�autre, en particulier leurs partenaires sexuels. Nous proposons un cadre conceptuel pour d�finir une �thique sexuelle d��galit� des droits et des responsabilit�s touchant cinq dimensions du comportement sexuel : 1) les relations sexuelles et le droit de choisir son partenaire ; 2) l�expression sexuelle et le droit de rechercher le plaisir ; 3) les cons�quences sexuelles et le droit � la coop�ration du partenaire ; 4) les atteintes sexuelles et le droit � la protection ; et 5) la sant� sexuelle et le droit � des services d�information, d��ducation et de sant�. Nous recommandons que les principes �thiques pr�sent�s ici sur les partenariats sexuels soient int�gr�s dans l��ducation sexuelle, les services de sant� g�n�sique et les politiques sociales de promotion de la sant� et des droits de toutes les personnes, quels que soient leur sexe, leur �tat civil, leur orientation sexuelle, leur religion, leur origine ethnique et autres identit�s personnelles ou collectives.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | SEXUAL PARTNERS | HUMAN RIGHTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY | ETHICS | SEXUALITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Health | Education | Planning | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342020

25.

Title: The growing chronic disease burden: implications for reproductive health.
Author: Drake JK
Source: Outlook. 2009 Jul;26(1):8 p.
Abstract: Approximately 80 percent of deaths from chronic disease occur in low- and middle-income countries, where people tend to develop these diseases at younger ages, suffer longer, and die sooner. A recent analysis found that chronic disease is an "important cause of female death, even during childbearing years, and for women with young families." The newsletter provides background on the growing chronic disease burden in developing countries, and explores current and anticipated impacts of cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and obesity on reproductive health. Examples include hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy and contraceptive choice and access for women with cardiovascular conditions and risk factors.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DISEASES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | HYPERTENSION | DIABETES | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | TREATMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Public Health | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Vascular Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 341982

26.

Title: Haiti: Going to scale with a performance incentive model.
Author: Eichler R; Auxila P; Antoine U; Desmangles B
Source: In: Performance incentives for global health: potential and pitfalls [by] Rena Eichler, Ruth Levine and the Performance-Based Incentives Working Group. Washington, D.C., Center for Global Development, 2009. :165-188.
Abstract: Rewarding NGOs for increasing access to a package of basic services and paying them for achieving population-based performance targets can result in significant increases in essential services such as immunizations and assisted deliveries. Paying NGOs for results strengthens institutional capacity to deliver services from the bottom up. Changes in the design throughout the six years offer lessons for other contexts.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | MEASUREMENT | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | MONITORING | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Management | Programs | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Evaluation
Document Number: 331456

27.

Title: Care-seeking behavior of women with reproductive health problems from low-income areas of Beirut.
Author: El-Kak F; Khawaja M; Salem M; Zurayk H
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jan;104(1):60-3.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the patterns of care-seeking behavior and provider choice of women with self-reported reproductive health problems from 3 urban communities in Beirut. METHODS: The study was based on a sample of 1869 completed questionnaires from 2051 eligible women (married or had been married, and between 15 and 59 years) obtained during the Urban Health Survey. Associations between community of residence, other background characteristics, and two outcome measures (health care usage and choice of provider) were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1869 women assessed, 439 (23.5%) reported reproductive health problems; of these, 273 (62%) women sought care for their problems, with the majority (52.5%) using private providers. Younger age, health insurance, and severity and duration of problems were associated with use. Women with higher parity and those with financial problems were significantly more likely to use public and subsidized services. CONCLUSION: The private health sector needs to be more involved in planning, implementing, and offering reproductive health care in low-income communities.
Language: English
Keywords:
LEBANON | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | LOW INCOME POPULATION | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | Middle East | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation
Document Number: 331193

28.

Title: Evaluation of berhane hewan: a program to delay child marriage in rural ethiopia.
Author: Erulkar AS; Muthengi E
Source: International Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):6-14.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Early marriage limits girls' opportunities and compromises their health, yet in Sub-Saharan Africa many girls are married before the age of 18, and few programs have sought to increase the age at marriage on the continent. METHODS: Berhane Hewan was a two-year pilot project conducted in 2004-2006 that aimed to reduce the prevalence of child marriage in rural Ethiopia, through a combination of group formation, support for girls to remain in school and community awareness. A quasi-experimental research design with baseline and endline surveys was used to measure changes in social and educational participation, marriage age, reproductive health knowledge and contraceptive use. Chi-square tests, proportional hazards models and logistic regressions were conducted to assess changes associated with the project. RESULTS: The intervention was associated with considerable improvements in girls' school enrollment, age at marriage, reproductive health knowledge and contraceptive use. Particularly among girls aged 10-14, those exposed to the program were more likely than those in the control area to be in school at the endline survey (odds ratio, 3.0) and were less likely to have ever been married (0.1). However, among girls aged 15-19, those in the intervention area had an elevated likelihood of having gotten married by the endline (2.4). Sexually experienced girls exposed to the intervention had elevated odds at endline of having ever used contraceptives (2.9). CONCLUSIONS: The success of the Berhane Hewan program, one of the first rigorously evaluated interventions to delay marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa, suggests that well-designed and effectively implemented programs can delay the earliest marriages until later adolescence.
Language: English
Keywords:
ETHIOPIA | RURAL AREAS | EVALUATION REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | CHILD MARRIAGE | PREVALENCE | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Measurement | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Health
Document Number: 341413

29.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The integration of STD/HIV services with contraceptive services for young women in the United States.
Author: Farr SL; Kraft JM; Warner L; Anderson JE; Jamieson DJ
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 May 28;
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the national prevalence and predictors of sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus (STD/HIV) service receipt in the preceding year among young women who received contraceptive services. STUDY DESIGN: Weighted self-reported data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth was used to estimate the prevalence and multivariable odds ratios for the receipt of STD/HIV services among 1009 unmarried, sexually active 15- to 24-year-old women who received contraceptive services. RESULTS: Of the women who received contraceptive services, 35% (2.7 million) did not receive STD/HIV services. Predictors of the receipt of STD/HIV services included younger age at first sexual intercourse (/= 2 partners in the past year (aOR, 2.6), receipt of a pregnancy test or abortion in the past year (aOR, 2.3), and having visited a Title X clinic in the last 12 months (aOR, 3.3). CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to help integrate contraceptive and STD/HIV services.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTION | HIV | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections
Document Number: 341571

30.

Title: Communicating with youth: Using the Internet and mobile phones in reproductive health programs. The Internet and mobile phones hold promise as tools for reaching youth, but more evaluation is needed.
Author: Fazekas K; Moffett J
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Family Health International [FHI], Interagency Youth Working Group, 2009 May. [4] p. (YouthLens on Reproductive Health and HIV / AIDS No. 28)
Abstract: A growing number of programs are turning to the Internet and mobile phones to communicate with young people about reproductive health and HIV / AIDS prevention. The surge in availability and popularity of these technologies among youth offers new opportunities but also raises important questions. How can the Internet and mobile phones best be used in reproductive health interventions for youth? What are the advantages and challenges of using these technologies? Is there evidence to demonstrate that interventions using the Internet or mobile phone are effective? (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | COMMUNICATION | TELECOMMUNICATIONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | INTERNET | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Health | Information Networks | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331497


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