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3.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Childcare cash benefits and fertility timing in Norway.
Author: Aassve A; Lappegard T
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 Feb;25(1):67-88.
Abstract: In 1998 a new cash benefit for parents with young children was introduced in Norway. Its purpose was to provide a cash payment to parents who either preferred to care for their children at home or to compensate those who were not offered external childcare provision. It has been argued that the new policy encouraged women to stay at home with their children, possibly reducing labour supply. The policy was consequently considered gender-biased, creating reduced incentives for women to participate in the labour market and therefore encouraging a more traditional division of labour of husbands and wives. Given this background of the policy we undertake an analysis in two parts. We ask first the question "who takes the cash benefit?" Second, by applying simple matching techniques, we ask the question "Do couples taking the benefit behave differently in terms of their fertility timing?" Using information from Norwegian registers we find that more traditional households (in a broad sense) are more likely to take the cash benefit. Those taking the benefit accelerate childbearing significantly, though the reasons why they do so varies by socio-economic groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
NORWAY | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FAMILY POLICY | FAMILY ALLOWANCES | CHILD CARE | TIME FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior
Document Number: 331296

Title: The role of education level in the intergenerational pattern of adolescent pregnancy in Brazil.
Author: Almeida MC; Aquino EM
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Sep;35(3):139-146.
Abstract: Adolescent pregnancy has been associated with the early childbearing experience of the mothers of adolescents, and young people's education level is believed to be an important factor in this phenomenon. In 2002, a representative household survey collected data from 3,050 young men and women ages 20�24 in three Brazilian cities. The main measures were mother's age at first birth, daughter's age at first pregnancy, and son's age when he first impregnated a partner. Ages were dichotomized as younger than 20 and 20 or older. The distribution of respondents, by both their own and their mothers' reproductive experience, was analyzed in relation to various characteristics, and logistic regressions assessed possible associations between these variables and pregnancy experience. Thirty percent of women reported getting pregnant before age 20, and 21% of men said they were younger than 20 when they first impregnated a partner. Of these groups, 34% of women and 31% of men reported that their mothers had first given birth at the same age. Both women and men were more likely to have had an early pregnancy experience if their mother had had a child before age 20. Among women, this positive association disappeared in the final model after adjusting for their education level, whereas among men the association remained after similar adjustment.
Spanish Abstract: Contexto: El embarazo durante la adolescencia se ha asociado con la experiencia de la maternidad temprana de las madres de los y las adolescentes; y se considera el nivel educativo de la gente joven como un factor importante en este fen�meno. M�todos: En 2002, una encuesta representativa de hogares recolect� datos de 3,050 hombres y mujeres j�venes de 20-24 a�os en tres ciudades brasile�as. Las principales medidas fueron la edad de la madre de los encuestados en el momento de su primer parto, la edad de la joven en el primer embarazo y la edad del joven al embarazar por primera vez a una pareja; los grupos de edad se dividieron en menores de 20 y de 20 a�os o mayores. La distribuci�n de las personas encuestadas (tanto por su propia experiencia reproductiva como la de su madre), se analiz� en relaci�n con varias caracter�sticas, y se valor� mediante regresiones log�sticas las posibles asociaciones entre estas variables y la experiencia del embarazo. Resultados: Treinta por ciento de las j�venes reportaron haberse embarazado antes de los 20 a�os; y 21% de los hombres dijeron que eran menores de 20 a�os cuando su pareja se embaraz�. De estos grupos, 34% de las mujeres y 31% de los hombres reportaron que sus madres hab�an dado a luz por primera vez a la misma edad. Tanto las mujeres como los hombres tuvieron mayor probabilidad de experimentar un embarazo temprano si su madre hab�a tenido un hijo antes de los 20 a�os (razones de momios, 2.0 y 2.3, respectivamente). En las mujeres, esta asociaci�n positiva desapareci� en el modelo final, despu�s de ajustar por nivel de educaci�n, mientras que entre los hombres la asociaci�n permaneci� despu�s de un ajuste similar (1.8). Conclusiones: El nivel de educaci�n de las hijas e hijos parece ser un factor importante en la repetici�n de la fecundidad adolescente a trav�s de las generaciones. Se necesita esfuerzos para aumentar el acceso a la educaci�n y para alentar a la gente joven a que permanezca en la escuela.
French Abstract: Contexte: Les grossesses d'adolescentes ont �t� associ�es � l'exp�rience de la maternit� pr�coce des m�res des adolescents concern�s et le niveau d'instruction des jeunes semble jouer un r�le important. M�thodes: En 2002, une enqu�te de m�nages repr�sentative a recueilli des donn�es aupr�s de 3.050 jeunes hommes et femmes de 20 � 24 ans dans trois villes du Br�sil. Les principales mesures ont port� sur l'�ge de la m�re � la premi�re naissance, l'�ge de la fille � la premi�re grossesse et l'�ge du fils au moment de la f�condation d'une partenaire. Les �ges ont �t� dichotomis�s entre moins de 20 ans et 20 ans ou plus. La distribution des r�pondants en fonction de leur propre exp�rience g�n�sique et de celle de leur m�re a �t� analys�e selon diff�rentes caract�ristiques, tandis que les associations possibles entre ces variables et l'exp�rience d'une grossesse �taient �valu�es par r�gressions logistiques. R�sultats: Trente pour cent des femmes ont d�clar� avoir �t� enceintes avant l'�ge de 20 ans, tandis que 21% des hommes d�claraient avoir eu moins de 20 ans au moment de la f�condation de leur partenaire. De ces groupes, 34% des femmes et 31% des hommes ont d�clar� que leur m�re avait accouch� pour la premi�re fois � ce m�me �ge. Tant les femmes que les hommes sont apparus plus susceptibles d'avoir connu une grossesse pr�coce si leur m�re avait eu un enfant avant l'�ge de 20 ans (rapports de probabilit�s, 2,0 et 2,3, respectivement). C�t� f�minin, cette association positive dispara�t dans le mod�le final apr�s correction du niveau d'instruction; c�t� masculin, elle se maintient apr�s correction similaire (1,8). Conclusions: Le niveau d'instruction des filles comme des fils semble jouer un r�le important dans la r�p�tition de la f�condit� adolescente d'une g�n�ration � l'autre. Des efforts sont n�cessaires pour accro�tre l'acc�s � l'�ducation et encourager les jeunes � poursuivre leur scolarisation.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MOTHERS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | AGE FACTORS | FIRST BIRTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Adolescents | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 343004

5.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Marital and reproductive behavior in Italy after 1995: bridging the gap with Western Europe?
Author: Castiglioni M; Dalla Zuanna G
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 Feb;25(1):1-26.
Abstract: Despite a delay of 20-25 years, when it comes to cohabitation, Italy has now begun to resemble other Western countries. In addition, the increase in legal separations has accelerated since 1995, although their number still remains far from that observed in countries such as the USA, the UK, and France. Finally, Italy's fertility decline has come to a halt: the cohort of women born in the early 1970s will likely have the same TFR as those born in the mid-1960s (around 1.55). Moreover, in the Centre-North areas, period TFR rose from 1.1 in 1995 to 1.35 children per woman 10 years later. The territorial diffusion of cohabitation, legal separation, out-of-wedlock births, and fertility recovery overlaps closely with that of the decline in births during the first half of the twentieth century. A similar geographical pattern has been observed for the diffusion of school enrolment, industrialization, secularization, and (during the last 20 years) foreign immigration.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | COUPLES | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | SEPARATION | MARRIAGE | FERTILITY CHANGES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331294

Peer Reviewed

Title: The influence of changes in women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of Northern Ghana.
Author: Doctor HV; Phillips JF; Sakeah E
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):113-122.
Abstract: Religious affiliation is undergoing major changes in rural Sahelian Africa, with profound consequences for customs that are grounded in traditional belief systems. This study examines the influence of women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana. Analysis of longitudinal data for women in 1995 and 2003 shows that 61 percent of women changed their religion, with shifts from traditional beliefs to Christianity being dominant. Moreover, women were more likely than men to make such a change. Regression results show that, compared with those who did not change, switching from traditional religion to Christianity or Islam is associated with increased contraceptive use and decreased fertility. The more rapid change in religious affiliation among women than men may have social consequences for the status of women, signaling a trend toward greater autonomy in the family and new aspirations, values, and behavior as evidenced by the proportion of people adopting contraceptives.
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | BELIEFS | CHRISTIANITY | ISLAM | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Culture
Document Number: 341895

Peer Reviewed

Title: Perceptions of HIV and fertility among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa: stigma and social barriers continue to hinder progress.
Author: Forrest JI; Kaida A; Dietrich J; Miller CL; Hogg RS; Gray G
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13 Suppl 1:55-61.
Abstract: The scale up of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV has raised new concerns relating to fertility desires and outcomes. Among these concerns is social stigma surrounding HIV and childbearing. High rates of infection and patterns of high fertility make adolescents a crucial demographic to qualify perceptions of HIV and fertility. We conducted two focus groups (n = 11 males, n = 8 females) with participants ascertained from an HIV adolescent community advisory board in Soweto, South Africa. Adolescents raised concern over re-infection by HIV positive couples attempting to conceive. They also used this concern to justify their attitudes that HIV positive couples should adopt when faced with the desire to have children. Lastly, participants spoke of a need to revise adolescent sexual and reproductive health services to make them more youth-friendly where users could avoid stigma generated by community healthcare workers. This study adds to the growing literature that calls for an evaluation of adolescent HIV educational programs and a healthcare worker intervention that specifically targets stigma surrounding HIV and childbearing.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PERCEPTION | STIGMA | ATTITUDES | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342355

Title: Knowledge, Use, and Concerns about Contraceptive Methods among Sero-Discordant Couples in Rwanda and Zambia.
Author: Grabbe K; Stephenson R; Vwalika B; Ahmed Y; Vwalika C; Chomba E; Karita E; Kayitenkore K; Tichacek A; Allen S
Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Aug 26;
Abstract: Abstract Objective: The unique needs of sero-discordant couples are largely missing from many current family planning efforts, which focus on the prevention of pregnancies in absence of the reduction of the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Conversely, HIV testing and programs focus exclusively on condom use without discussion of more effective contraceptive methods. In order to provide information to inform the development of family planning services tailored to the unique needs of sero-discordant couples, this study examined the contraceptive knowledge, use, and concerns among sero-discordant couples in urban Rwanda and Zambia. Methods: This article presents a comparison of family planning knowledge, use, and concerns about contraception among two cohorts of HIV sero-discordant study participants in Rwanda and Zambia. Results: The results reveal an interesting profile of contraceptive knowledge and use among sero-discordant couples; in both settings, despite high levels of knowledge of contraception, use of contraceptive methods remains relatively low. There is a clear gender difference in both the reporting of knowledge and use of contraceptive methods, and there is evidence of clandestine contraceptive use by women. Conclusions: Including information on family planning in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services in addition to tailoring the delivery of family planning information to meet to needs and concerns of HIV-positive women or those with HIV positive partners is an essential step in the delivery of services and prevention efforts to reduce the transmission of HIV. Family planning and HIV prevention programs should integrate counseling on "dual method use," combining condoms for HIV/STI prevention with a long-acting contraceptive for added protection against unplanned pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RWANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | COUPLES | KNOWLEDGE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Africa, Central | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Usage | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 342591

Title: Childbearing and contraceptive decision making amongst Afghan men and women: a qualitative analysis.
Author: Haider S; Todd C; Ahmadzai M; Rahimi S; Azfar P; Morris JL; Miller S
Source: Health Care For Women International. 2009 Oct;30(10):935-53.
Abstract: Afghanistan has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios and lowest contraceptive prevalence rates globally. Limited information is known regarding Afghan men and women's attitudes toward childbearing, child spacing, and contraceptive use, which is essential for delivery of appropriate services. We conducted a qualitative study among postpartum couples enrolled at maternity hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. We identified important themes that highlight the complex inter-relationship between acknowledged risks of childbearing, desire for family planning, rationales for limited contraceptive use, and sociocultural barriers to contraceptive use. We offer practical recommendations for application of findings toward family planning and maternal mortality reduction programs.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFGHANISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | MEN | WOMEN | COUPLES | POSTPARTUM | DECISION MAKING | BIRTH SPACING | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Puerperium | Reproduction | Behavior | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraception | Economic Factors
Document Number: 342710

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reproductive intentions and outcomes among women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda: a prospective cohort study.
Author: Homsy J; Bunnell R; Moore D; King R; Malamba S; Nakityo R; Glidden D; Tappero J; Mermin J
Source: PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4149.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may influence the biological, social and behavioral determinants of pregnancy in HIV-infected women. However, there are limited longitudinal data on the reproductive intentions and outcomes among women on ART in Africa. METHODOLOGY /PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a prospective cohort design, we analyzed trends in desire for children and predictors of pregnancy among a cohort of 733 HIV-infected women in rural Uganda who initiated ART between May 2003 and May 2004 and were followed up in their homes until June 2006. Women answered in-depth social and behavioral questionnaires administered every quarter in year 1 after initiating ART, and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Use of family planning methods was assessed at 18 and 24 months after starting ART. We tested for non-constant pregnancy incidence by using a shape parameter test from the Weibull distribution. We modeled repeated measurements of all variables related to the women's desire for children over time using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) extension to the logistic regression model. Risk factors for pregnancy were examined using Cox proportional hazards model. 711 women eligible for the study were followed-up for a median time of 2.4 years after starting ART. During this time, less than 7% of women reported wanting more children at any time point yet 120 (16.9%) women experienced 140 pregnancies and pregnancy incidence increased from 3.46 per 100 women-years (WY) in the first quarter to 9.5 per 100 WY at 24 months (p<0.0001). This was paralleled by an increase in the proportion of women reporting sexual activity in the past 3 months, from 24.4% at baseline to 32.5% over 24 months of follow-up (p = 0.001). Only 14% of women used permanent or semi-permanent family planning methods by their second year on ART. In the multivariate model, younger age (HR = 2.71 per 10-year decrease, 95% CI: 2.95-3.78), having a BMI>18.5 (HR = 1.09, CI: 1.01-1.18) and not having used condoms consistently in the last 3 months (HR = 1.79, CI: 1.02-3.13) were independently associated with pregnancy. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Women on ART and their partners should be consistently counseled on the effects of ART in restoring fertility, and offered regularly free and comprehensive family planning services as part of their standard package of care.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PREGNANCY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | HIV INFECTIONS | FERTILITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | HIV
Document Number: 330195

11.

Title: Strong association between birth month and reproductive performance of Vietnamese women.
Author: Huber S; Fieder M
Source: American Journal of Human Biology. 2009 Jan-Feb;21(1):25-35.
Abstract: Epidemiological studies on premodern and modern Western societies indicate that birth season may influence female reproduction. Nothing is known, however, about this effect in developing economies. Many of the latter are characterised by tropical climates with a rainy season associated with lower food availability and a greater prevalence of infectious diseases. We therefore predict that an association between birth month and reproductive output, if it exists, should be related to the rainy season. To test this prediction, we analysed census data of Vietnam obtained from IPUMS-International (Vietnam 1999 Population and Housing Census). Based on 493,853 women born between 1950 and 1977 and thus aged 22 to 49 years, we found that the time series of mean offspring count per month of birth has a highly significant period of 12 months (power = 46.871, P < 0.00001). Our results further indicate that the 12-month periodic signal has a maximum in July and a minimum in January. Accordingly, the peak corresponds to birth during the rainy season, the low if the third pregnancy month concurs with the rainy season. The month of birth is therefore clearly associated with the later reproductive performance of Vietnamese women, strongly supporting the assumption that environmental and maternal conditions during early development exert long-term effects on reproductive functioning. Provided the rainy season adversely affects developmental processes due to inadequate food and/or high infection risk, the association reported here points to a critical period of reproductive development during early pregnancy.
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | CENSUS | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | TIME FACTORS | SEASONAL VARIATION | CLIMATE | CHILDBIRTH | FOOD SECURITY | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Population Statistics | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Environment | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Food Supply | Natural Resources
Document Number: 330492

12.

Title: The relationship of family size and composition to fertility desires, contraceptive adoption and method choice in South Asia.
Author: Jayaraman A; Mishra V; Arnold F
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Mar;35(1):29-38.
Abstract: CONTEXT: Many countries in South Asia, including Nepal, India and Bangladesh, demonstrate a strong cultural preference for sons, which may influence fertility desires and contraceptive use. METHODS: Demographic and Health Survey data from married, nonpregnant women aged 15-49 who had at least one child were used to examine the relationship of parity and number of sons to reproductive outcomes in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Outcomes of interest were desire for another child, contraceptive use and type of contraceptive (modern vs. traditional, temporary vs. permanent). Odds ratios and relative risk ratios were calculated using binary and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In general, desire for another child decreased and contraceptive use increased as the number of children and number of sons increased. These associations were more prominent in Nepal and India than in Bangladesh. For example, compared with women who had three daughters and no sons, the odds of contraceptive use among women with two sons and one daughter were 4.8 in Nepal, 3.5 in India and 2.0 in Bangladesh. Within India, the associations of parity and number of sons with reproductive outcomes were generally stronger in northern states than in South India or West Bengal. CONCLUSIONS: Son preference remains widespread in all three countries and has a major influence on reproductive behavior. Reducing such preference would require a change in social norms and attitudes of the people and an improvement of the status of women. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | SONS | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Size | Fertility | Contraception | Family Planning
Document Number: 315243

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The role of biological fertility in predicting family size.
Author: Joffe M; Key J; Best N; Jensen TK; Keiding N
Source: Human Reproduction. 2009 Aug;24(8):1999-2006.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is plausible that a couple's ability to achieve the desired number of children is limited by biological fertility, especially if childbearing is postponed. Family size has declined and semen quality may have deteriorated in much of Europe, although studies have found an increase rather than a decrease in couple fertility. METHODS: Using four high-quality European datasets, we took the reported time to pregnancy (TTP) as the predictor variable; births reported as following contraceptive failure were an additional category. The outcome variable was final or near-final family size. Potential confounders were maternal age when unprotected sex began prior to the first birth, and maternal smoking. Desired family size was available in only one of the datasets. RESULTS: Couples with a TTP of at least 12 months tended to have smaller families, with odds ratios for the risk of not having a second child approximately 1.8, and for the risk of not having a third child approximately 1.6. Below 12 months no association was observed. Findings were generally consistent across datasets. There was also a more than 2-fold risk of not achieving the desired family size if TTP was 12 months or more for the first child. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the available data quality, family size appears to be predicted by biological fertility, even after adjustment for maternal age, if the woman was at least 20 years old when the couple's first attempt at conception started. The contribution of behavioural factors to this result also needs to be investigated.
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | STATISTICAL STUDIES | COUPLES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FAMILY SIZE, COMPLETED | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FIRST PREGNANCY INTERVALS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | MATERNAL AGE | TOBACCO USE | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Size | Pregnancy Intervals | Fertility Measurements | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Behavior
Document Number: 342795

14.

Title: Introduction to the supplement on HIV, HAART, and fertility in sub-Saharan Africa [editorial]
Author: Kaida A; Bangsberg DR; Gray G; Hogg RS; King R; Miller CL
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S1-S4.
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented global effort aimed at providing universal access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), however, comparatively little attention has been given to how HAART may affect reproductive decision-making, sexual and reproductive practices, and fertility.1 These issues are particularly critical in HIV endemic settings where the majority of new infections occur among women (UNAIDS 2008). The goal of this supplement of AIDS and Behavior is to bring together current, innovative research from sub-Saharan Africa that explores the influence of HAART on reproductive decision-making, reproductive and sexual health, and reproductive outcomes at individual, social, and environmental levels. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | SUMMARY REPORT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | HIV INFECTIONS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | DECISION MAKING | FERTILITY | STIGMA | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | Africa | Developing Countries | HIV | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Behavior | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control
Document Number: 341888

15.
Title: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples.
Author: Kosaryan M; Vahidshahi K; Siami R; Nazari M; Karami H; Ehteshami S
Source: Saudi Medical Journal. 2009 Jun;30(6):835-9.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of reproductive behavior in Iranian minor thalassemia couples in Ghaemshahr City, Mazandaran, Iran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in 2006. Birth rates from 1997-2005 and the number of newly registered patients from at risk couples was recorded. Tools for data collection were a valid questionnaire containing epidemiologic characteristics of couples, knowledge (20 questions), attitude 20 statements, and practice by studying the family file in health centers. Questionnaires were completed by husband and wife separately. Actual versus expected numbers of patients born in that period were compared. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 13.00, and p<0.05 was interpreted as significant. RESULTS: Of the 240 at risk couples, 100 were studied. Of them, 82% had good knowledge of thalassemia, and 68.5% had a positive attitude toward thalassemia prevention program. Correlations of knowledge with attitude were significant (p<0.001), and 50% of the couples had unfavorable practice including unplanned pregnancy, fetal abortion without prenatal diagnosis (PND), delivery without PND, and having a child affected by thalassemia major (TM). Without PND, 4 TM patients were born. Ninety-eight episodes of unfavorable practice were reported. Meanwhile, the contraceptive method used by 12% of couples was unsafe. Suspected TM patients with no prevention program were 25; thus, the birth of 2 TM was prevented (92% reduction). CONCLUSION: We achieved great success during the last 9 years in the region, and TM prevention program improved knowledge, attitude, and practice in high-risk couples and carrier families.
Language: English
Keywords:
IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COUPLES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | HEREDITARY DISEASES | GENETIC COUNSELING | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | ABORTION | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INFORMATION SOURCES | Middle East | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Counseling | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Information
Document Number: 342635 Notification

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: High fertility in city suburbs: compositional or contextual effects? La fecondite elevee dans les banlieues urbaines: effets de composition ou de contexte?
Author: Kulu H; Boyle PJ
Source: European Journal of Population. 2009 May;25(2):157-174.
Abstract: Fertility rates are known to be higher in city suburbs. One interpretation is that the suburban 'context' influences the behaviour of individuals who reside there while an alternative is that the 'composition' of the suburban population explains the higher fertility levels. Furthermore, suburban in-migrants who intend to have children may have a significant influence on suburban fertility rates. Using Finnish longitudinal register data we show that fertility rates are higher in the suburbs and rural areas and lower in the cities. Fertility variation across these residential contexts decreases significantly after controlling for women's demographic and socio-economic characteristics. However, it does not disappear entirely suggesting that the local context may have some influence on fertility. While movers to suburbs do display higher fertility levels than non-migrant residents, their overall impact is not great because they form a small share of the suburban population.
Language: English
Keywords:
FINLAND | RESEARCH REPORT | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | RESIDENTIAL SELECTION | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Migration | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution
Document Number: 340173

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: A Qualitative Assessment of Decisions Affecting Contraceptive Utilization and Fertility Intentions among HIV-Positive Women in Soweto, South Africa.
Author: Laher F; Todd CS; Stibich MA; Phofa R; Behane X; Mohapi L; Gray G
Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Mar 24;13:S47-S54.
Abstract: The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa disproportionately affects women of reproductive age. The increasing provision of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) with improved prognosis and maternal-fetal outcomes calls for an understanding of fertility planning for HIV-positive women. We describe the effect of HIV and HAART on pregnancy desires and contraceptive use among HIV-positive women in Soweto, South Africa. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 42 HIV-positive women of reproductive age. Analysis was performed using ATLAS-ti (ATLAS-ti Center, Berlin). Emergent themes were impact of HIV diagnosis on pregnancy intentions; factors affecting contraceptive uptake including real and normative side effects, body image, and perceived vaginal wetness; and the mitigating influence of partnership on both pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use. Routine counseling about pregnancy desires and contraception should be offered to HIV-positive women.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | CONTRACEPTION | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FERTILITY | DECISION MAKING | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | HIV | Behavior
Document Number: 330852

18.

Title: Adolescent childbearing in Nicaragua: a quantitative assessment of associated factors.
Author: Lion KC; Prata N; Stewart C
Source: International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;35(2):91-96.
Abstract: Data from the 2001 Nicaragua Demographic and Health Survey were used to examine the sexual and reproductive behavior of 3,142 females ages 15-19. Age at sexual debut and age at first birth were assessed using life table analysis, and the impacts of various factors on these measures were then examined in Cox proportional hazard models. Among sexually active females, current use of modern contraceptives was examined using logistic regression analysis. Rural residence, rising levels of education, and greater wealth were associated with older age at sexual debut. Having had first sex before age 15 was associated with an increased risk of having an earlier first birth, whereas having first had sex at age 16 or later was associated with a decreased risk. Among sexually active females, current use of a modern method was positively associated with being married or in a stable union and with having given birth, and negatively associated with lacking health care autonomy and wanting a baby within two years.
Language: English
Keywords:
NICARAGUA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | LIFE TABLE METHOD | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FIRST INTERCOURSE | FIRST BIRTH | MATERNAL AGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | MARITAL STATUS | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Demographic Analysis | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Fertility | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Parental Age | Contraception | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nuptiality
Document Number: 339885

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Determinants of transitions to first sexual intercourse, marriage and pregnancy among female adolescents: evidence from South Nyanza, Kenya.
Author: Magadi MA; Agwanda AO
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 May;41(3):409-27.
Abstract: The timing of transitions to sexual activity, marriage and childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing profound changes. This study investigates the determinants of adolescent transitions in South Nyanza, a socioeconomically deprived setting in Kenya where adolescent reproductive health is a particular concern. The analysis is based on Cox regression of timing of first sexual intercourse, first marriage and first pregnancy, using data from a survey of 1247 females aged 12-19 years. The results show that higher household socioeconomic status and educational attainment are associated with delayed onset of all three transition events. Furthermore, mother's higher educational attainment is protective for initiation of sexual intercourse while rural residence is protective for pregnancy experience. Other protective factors include communication with parents or with fellow girlfriends. However, discussing sexual matters with boyfriends, high internal locus of control, and gender bias are associated with early onset of the three transition events.
Language: English
Keywords:
KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | MARRIAGE AGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Health | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication
Document Number: 341401

20.

Title: The role of sexually abstained groups in two-sex demographic and epidemic logistic models with non-linear mortality.
Author: Maxin D; Milner FA
Source: Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2009 Jun 7;258(3):389-402.
Abstract: We describe several gender structured population models governed by logistic growth with non-linear death rate. We extend these models to include groups of people isolated from sexual activity and individuals exposed to a mild and long-lasting sexually transmitted disease, i.e. without disease-induced mortality and recovery. The transmission of the disease is modeled through formation/separation of heterosexual couples assuming that one infected individual automatically infects his/her partner. We are interested in how the non-reproductive class may change the demographic tendencies in the general population and whether they can curb the growth of the infected group while keeping the healthy one at acceptable levels. A comparison of the equilibrium total population size in the presence and the absence of the isolated class is also provided.
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | THEORETICAL STUDIES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | EPIDEMIOLOGY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TRANSMISSION | ABSTINENCE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | MARRIAGE | POPULATION DYNAMICS | Studies | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Public Health | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Family Planning | Fertility | Demographic Factors | Population | Nuptiality
Document Number: 342385

21.

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Does sex of children matter? Implications for fertility in Pakistan.
Author: Muhammad A
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 Jan;41(1):39-50.
Abstract: Preference for children of either sex is considered a constraint on fertility decline as it induces many couples to keep adding on surviving children in the hope of having a desired sex composition of children. However, preferences for children of a particular sex may differ in relation to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women, traditional values and cultural practices, such as propagating a family name, providing economic advantages, and obtaining a medium of social and economic security in times of illness, unemployment and old age. Utilizing the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (2001-02), this paper aims at investigating the existence of sex preference and examines sex preference differentials by different attributes of women in Pakistan. The results reveal that there is a desire to have another child in the presence of all children of one sex, either sons or daughters. The desire to have a son with only or mostly daughters, however, is stronger than the desire to have a daughter with only or mostly sons. This behaviour will retard fertility decline unless there is a shift in the desire to have children of both sexes in Pakistan.
Language: English
Keywords:
PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | SONS | DAUGHTERS | SEX PREFERENCE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY DECLINE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes
Document Number: 330511

23.
Title: Gene knockouts that affect male fertility: novel targets for contraception.
Author: Naz RK; Engle A; None R
Source: Frontiers In Bioscience. 2009;14:3994-4007.
Abstract: There is an urgent need for a better method of contraception that is accepted, effective, and available, due the population explosion and unintended pregnancy. Various targets are being investigated that can be used for contraception. The ideal target should be non-steroidal, intercourse-independent, non-surgical, reversible, and non-barrier with no side effects. The gene knockout technology is a powerful approach to identify such novel targets. We identified at least 93 genes whose deletion demonstrated an effect on fertility in male mice till 2004 (1). In the present article, we found 71 additional gene knockouts in the database since the last report which demonstrated an effect on male fertility. The majority of these knockouts also demonstrated an effect on non-reproductive organs concomitant with an anti-fertility effect or effect on other organs was not examined. The knockouts of only a few genes/proteins induced a specific effect on fertility without a serious side effect. These genes/proteins may provide novel targets for contraception/contraceptive vaccine development.
Language: English
Keywords:
WEST VIRGINIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | MEN | LABORATORY ANIMALS | GENETICS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | REVERSIBLE STERILIZATION | MALE STERILIZATION | CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES | PROTEINS | CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINES | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Sterilization, Sexual | Family Planning | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Physiology | Contraception, Immunological | Contraception
Document Number: 330601

24.

Title: Incidence of induced abortions in Peru [letter]
Author: Puccetti R
Source: CMAJ. 2009 May 26;180(11):1133; author reply 1133-4.
Abstract: Antonio Bernab�-Ortiz and colleagues misleadingly assert that, although access to induced abortion services is legally restricted in Peru, the incidence of induced abortion is "as high as, or higher than, the estimated incidence in many countries where induced abortion is legal and safe." The abortion rate (the number of abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age) is greatly influenced by a number of factors, namely contraceptive behaviour and fertility rates, and thus it is not a good measure to use to evaluate the impact of the legal status of abortion on the incidence of abortions in a particular jurisdiction. The estimated total fertility rate is 2.86 in Peru; in comparison, it is 2.04 in the United States and 1.66 in the United Kingdom. Therefore, it is not surprising that the abortion rate in Peru may be similar to the rates in the United States and United Kingdom. The legal status of abortion may strongly affect postconceptional attitudes concerning pregnancy termination; this effect is much better described by the abortion ratio (the number of abortions per 1000 live births). Of the approximately 8660 pregnancies reported by participants in the study by Bernab�-Ortiz and colleagues, 1127 ended in induced abortions and 996 in spontaneous abortions. This means that there were approximately 6538 live births and the abortion ratio was 172.3. The authors referred to a study with US data from 2001, in which there were 6.4 million pregnancies, 1.1 million spontaneous abortions and 1.3 million induced abortions. The corresponding abortion ratio was 325. More recent US data indicate that there were 1 206 200 abortions and 4 138 349 births in 2005. The corresponding abortion ratio was 291.5. In England and Wales, 193 737 induced abortions and 669 601 live births were registered in 2006, with a corresponding abortion ratio of 289.3. These data show that there is a lower incidence of abortion in Peru than in other countries where abortion is legal. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
PERU | CRITIQUE | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | MEASUREMENT | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION RATE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements
Document Number: 341641

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Toward a multidimensional measure of pregnancy intentions: evidence from the United States.
Author: Santelli JS; Lindberg LD; Orr MG; Finer LB; Speizer I
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):87-100.
Abstract: Widely used dichotomous categorical measures of pregnancy intentions do not represent well the complexity of factors involved in women's intentions. We used a variety of exploratory statistical methods to examine measures of pregnancy intention in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 3,032 pregnancies). Factor analyses identified two key dimensions of pregnancy intentions (desire and mistiming) and two smaller nondimensional categories (overdue and don't care). Desire included both affective and cognitive variables, as well as partner-specific factors. Similar pregnancy-intention dimensions were found for adolescent and adult women, across socioeconomic status, and among racial and ethnic groups. Both desire and mistiming were highly predictive of the decision to abort or continue the pregnancy. These analyses strongly support prior demographic thinking about the importance of both the timing of pregnancy and wanting a baby, but suggest that multidimensional rather than simple categorical measures of pregnancy intentions should be used.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | DATA ADJUSTMENT | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | DECISION MAKING | HAPPINESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Behavior | Emotions | Psychological Factors
Document Number: 341893 Notification

26.
Title: [The medical organizational resources of fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus]
Author: Surmach MIu
Source: Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia I Istorii Meditsiny. 2009 Mar-Apr;(2):45-8.
Abstract: The assessment of youth reproductive attitudes and the identification of the medical organizational opportunities for fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus is considered. Relying on the data of the sociological survey of representative youth sample of national level it is established that both the reproductive attitudes and reproductive behavior of Belarus youth population does not correspond to the demographic criteria of effective population reproduction. It is revealed that the enhancement of reproductive attitudes of young women is possible in the conditions of increase of the rate of first pregnancy planning. The economic benefit due to possible implementation of this uncovered resource is evaluated.
Language: Russian
Keywords:
BELARUS | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | FERTILITY | ATTITUDES | PROMOTION | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Reproduction
Document Number: 342610

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Women's autonomy and reproductive preferences in Eritrea.
Author: Woldemicael G
Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2009 Mar;41(2):161-81.
Abstract: Current research and policies on reproductive behaviours in many East African countries focus primarily on proxy indicators of women's autonomy, and very little emphasis is placed on direct indicators of women's autonomy. In this paper, data from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) are used to address some of the most frequently raised questions about the link between women's autonomy and reproductive behaviour. The results from the multivariate logistic models show that although the relationship between women's autonomy and reproductive preferences in Eritrea is complex, some clear, broad patterns exist that have implications for theory and policy. First, although the different dimensions of women's autonomy influence the outcome variables differently in terms of magnitude and statistical significance, most of them have a strong connection; in particular, women's final say in decisions regarding day-to-day household purchases and spousal communication are significant explanatory variables in fertility preferences and ever-use of modern contraception. Second, many background (proxy) variables, particularly household economic condition and employment, exert a strong and independent influence over fertility preferences and ever-use of contraception regardless of a woman's autonomy. In their relationship to reproductive behaviours, therefore, employment and economic status cannot be considered as proxies for women's autonomy in Eritrea. A complete explanation of the relationship between women's autonomy and reproductive preferences must recognize the effects of both the background and direct autonomy indicators. Interventions are needed to improve women's decision-making autonomy and strengthen their negotiating capacity on family planning if an increased desire to limit fertility is to be attained.
Language: English
Keywords:
ERITREA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | ANATOMY | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FAMILY PLANNING | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 331183

28.

Title: Socio-demographic analysis of youth in the Caribbean: a three country case study.
Author: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [ECLAC]
Source: Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [ECLAC], 2008 Nov. 20 p.
Abstract: The study provides an analysis of 2000 census data from Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, and Saint Lucia, with a focus on children, youth, and young families. Special attention is given to the description of their living arrangements and household composition, religion, health, well-being, migration, education and profession, economic activities, civil status, and reproductive patterns.
Language: English
Keywords:
CARIBBEAN | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | MIGRATION | HEALTH | EDUCATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | YOUTH PROGRAMS | Developing Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population Dynamics | Marriage | Nuptiality | Fertility | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 339991

29.

30.

Title: Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07.
Author: Swaziland. Central Statistical Office; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Mbabane, Swaziland, Central Statistical Office, 2008 May. [506] p.
Abstract: This detailed report presents the major findings of the 2006-07 Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (2006-07 SDHS). The 2006-07 SDHS is the first survey of its kind to be undertaken in Swaziland. It was a nationwide survey aimed at generating estimates at the country level, regional level, and for urban and rural areas. The survey was commissioned by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and implemented by the Central Statistical Office. Fieldwork was carried out between July 2006 and March 2007. The primary objective of the 2006-07 SDHS was to collect up-to-date information for policymakers, planners, researchers, and programme managers that would provide guidance in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of population and health programmes in Swaziland. Specifically, the 2006-07 SDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of women and young children, childhood and maternal mortality, care and protection of youth, and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In addition, it collected information on malaria, the use of mosquito nets, and the prevalence of HIV in the population age two years and above. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SWAZILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY CHANGES | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING | AWARENESS | BREASTFEEDING | MATERNAL NUTRITION | CHILD NUTRITION | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL MORTALITY | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | HIV | PREVALENCE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | MALARIA | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Marriage | Nuptiality | Behavior | Contraception | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Mortality | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Parasitic Diseases
Document Number: 327506


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