1.   Peer Reviewed Title: Premarital sexual behavior among male college students of Kathmandu, Nepal. Author: Adhikari R; Tamang J Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul;9(241):1-9. Abstract: A cross-sectional survey of male college students in Kathmandu was conducted between April and May 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 573 male students. Association between premarital sex and the explanatory variables was assessed. Despite the religious and cultural restrictions, about two-fifths of survey respondents (39%) reported that they had had premarital sex. The study also showed that substantial proportions of students indulge in sexual activities as well as risky sexual behavior. Sex with commercial sex workers and multiple sex partners, and inconsistent use of condoms with non-regular partners were common among the students. Less than two in five male students (57%) had used condoms at first sexual intercourse. Students aged 20 and above were more likely to have had premarital sex compared with younger students ages 15-19. Students who believe in Hindu religion were more than two times more likely to have premarital sex compared with those who follow other religions. Participants who had close unmarried friends who experienced premarital sexual intercourse were eight times more likely to be sexually active than those who did not have such sexually active friends. School- or college-based sexuality education could benefit out-of-school youths as well, because their partners often are students. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | MEN | PREMARITAL SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | PREVALENCE | ATTITUDES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Education | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Measurement | Research Methodology | Psychological Factors | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics Document Number: 339893 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: The influence of changes in women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of Northern Ghana. Author: Doctor HV; Phillips JF; Sakeah E Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2009 Jun;40(2):113-122. Abstract: Religious affiliation is undergoing major changes in rural Sahelian Africa, with profound consequences for customs that are grounded in traditional belief systems. This study examines the influence of women's religious affiliation on contraceptive use and fertility among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana. Analysis of longitudinal data for women in 1995 and 2003 shows that 61 percent of women changed their religion, with shifts from traditional beliefs to Christianity being dominant. Moreover, women were more likely than men to make such a change. Regression results show that, compared with those who did not change, switching from traditional religion to Christianity or Islam is associated with increased contraceptive use and decreased fertility. The more rapid change in religious affiliation among women than men may have social consequences for the status of women, signaling a trend toward greater autonomy in the family and new aspirations, values, and behavior as evidenced by the proportion of people adopting contraceptives. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | SAMPLING STUDIES | ETHNIC GROUPS | WOMEN | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | BELIEFS | CHRISTIANITY | ISLAM | SOCIAL CHANGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Culture Document Number: 341895 |
| 3. Title: Late termination of pregnancy: a comparison of obstetricians' experience in eight European countries. Author: Habiba M; Da Fre M; Taylor DJ; Arnaud C; Bleker O; Lingman G; Gomez MM; Gratia P; Heyl W; Viafora C Author: EUROBS Study Group Source: BJOG. 2009 Sep;116(10):1340-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the experience and attitude of obstetricians in Europe towards late termination of pregnancy and the factors affecting their responses. DESIGN: Cluster sampling cross-sectional survey. All neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-associated maternity units were recruited (census sampling) in Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Sweden. In France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, units were selected at random. In every recruited unit, all obstetricians with at least 6 months' experience were invited to participate. SETTING: NICU-associated maternity units in eight European countries. POPULATION: Obstetricians with at least 6 months' clinical experience. METHODS: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used. Multinomial logistic analysis was used to identify factors predicting the obstetricians' views about modifying the law governing late termination in their country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Obstetricians' experience of late termination of pregnancy and views about national policies. RESULTS: One hundred and five units and 1530 obstetricians participated (response rates 70 and 77% respectively). The most common indications for late termination were congenital anomalies and women's physical health. Feticide was not common except in France, Luxembourg and the UK. Active euthanasia of a liveborn was practiced in France and the Netherlands. Obstetricians in Germany were more likely to feel that late termination should be more severely restricted, the opposite was true in Spain and the Netherlands. In Italy, there was dissatisfaction with current status, but opinion was divided, reflecting views on both sides of the debate. CONCLUSIONS: This research outlines current practice in a difficult and sensitive area and suggests the need for more discussion and support for all those who were involved. Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | PHYSICIANS | OBSTETRICS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, THIRD TRIMESTER | EUTHANASIA | ULTRASONICS | ATTITUDES | QUESTIONNAIRES | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | ETHICS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Religion Document Number: 342944 Notification |
| 4. Title: Being a woman: perspectives of low-german-speaking mennonite women. Author: Kulig JC; Babcock R; Wall M; Hill S Source: Health Care For Women International. 2009 Apr;30(4):324-38. Abstract: Understanding the beliefs and knowledge related to women's sexuality is important when working with unique religious groups in order to provide culturally appropriate care. An exploratory, descriptive qualitative study generated knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to menstruation, ovulation, and family planning among Low German-speaking (LGS) Mennonite women (n = 38). There is a pervasive silence that surrounds sexuality among this group, who have a limited understanding of the physiological changes they experience. Honoring religious principles and family and community expectations through acceptable female behavior is essential. Adherence to religious principles varies by family but is not shared with the group to avoid disfavor. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | SEXUALITY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | BELIEFS | KNOWLEDGE | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Culture | Data Collection Document Number: 341659 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Attitudes toward HPV vaccination among parents of adolescent girls in Mysore, India. Author: Madhivanan P; Krupp K; Yashodha MN; Marlow L; Klausner JD; Reingold AL Source: Vaccine. 2009 Aug 20;27(38):5203-8. Abstract: This study investigates attitudes toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among parents of adolescent girls in Mysore, India. Seven focus group discussions were held among parents of adolescent girls stratified by sex, religion and region to explore attitudes about cervical cancer and HPV vaccination. The study found that while parents have limited knowledge about HPV or cervical cancer, most are still highly accepting an HPV vaccine. In addition, high acceptability levels appear to reflect positive attitudes toward the government universal immunization program in general, rather than to the HPV vaccine in particular. The results highlight the need for additional education and health promotion regarding HPV and cervical cancer prevention in India. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | PARENTS | CERVICAL CANCER | HPV | VACCINATION | FEES | ATTITUDES | KNOWLEDGE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | FEAR | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Emotions Document Number: 342810 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: The role of religion in HIV-positive women's disclosure experiences and coping strategies in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Author: Maman S; Cathcart R; Burkhardt G; Omba S; Behets F Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Mar;68(5):965-70. Abstract: Literature from the U.S. has documented the importance of spirituality on the psychological health of people living with HIV/AIDS; however there is little published data on the ways in which people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa turn to religion for support. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with HIV-positive women who were pregnant or had recently given birth in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo to inform the development of a comprehensive family-centered HIV treatment and care program. Women described how they relied upon their faith and turned to church leaders when they were diagnosed with HIV and prepared to share their diagnosis with others. The women used prayer to overcome the initial shock, sadness and anger of learning their HIV diagnosis. They turned to their church leaders to help them prepare for disclosing their diagnosis to others, including their partners. Church leaders were also important targets for disclosure by some women. Women's faith played an important role in their long-term coping strategies. Conceptualizing their infection as a path chosen by God, and believing that God has the power to cure their infection comforted women and provided them with hope. In settings like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where there is a strong foundation of faith, we need to recognize how individuals draw upon their different health belief systems in order to develop and implement coherent and effective prevention, treatment and care strategies. Language: English Keywords: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | URBAN POPULATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | INFLUENTIALS | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | HIV INFECTIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | LEADERSHIP | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Puerperium | Reproduction | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341170 |
| 7. Title: A rock in a weary land: AIDS, South Africa, and the church. Author: Miller RL Jr Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):22-38. Abstract: This article explores the contributing factors to the endemic problems exacerbating the AIDS crisis in South Africa. The legacy of Apartheid, including the attendant problems of poverty, illiteracy, and disparate health statuses between the beneficiaries and victims of Apartheid, is explored. Because women are bearing the brunt of the infection, their experience of AIDS is also considered. A brief case study illuminating an AIDS-sensitive church is offered as an exemplar of self-determination and social networks used to sustain a South African township riddled by HIV disease. The article concludes by suggesting that the benefits of communal religious participation as a coping response to HIV disease requires further examination by social work and public health workers in South African communities of color with minimal resources to combat HIV disease. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | POVERTY | CHRISTIANITY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | POLITICAL FACTORS | STIGMA | WOMEN'S STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Religion Document Number: 341956 |
| 8. Title: Coming to terms with a diagnosis of HIV in Iran: a phenomenological study. Author: Mohammadpour A; Yekta ZP; Nikbakht Nasrabadi AR; Mohraz M Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses In AIDS Care. 2009 Jul-Aug;20(4):249-59. Abstract: The number of people living with HIV (PLWH) has increased in all Asian regions, including Iran. Discovering that one has any serious illness can be a traumatic experience, but coming to terms with an HIV diagnosis is made more difficult by social constructs and negative reactions to the infection. This interpretative phenomenological study was carried out to understand and describe the lived experience of HIV-infected Iranians during the period immediately following an HIV diagnosis. Audiotaped in-depth semistructured interviews with 13 participants were used to collect data, which were analyzed with critical hermeneutics. Two main themes emerged: (a) doubt and delay in coming to terms with the diagnosis and (b) testing and its associated impacts. Nine subthemes were also found. Many challenges face people who need to determine their HIV status, and these are compounded by the sociocultural context found in Iran. Iran needs more education, counseling, testing facilities, and support programs to encourage people to get tested for HIV and to help them deal with a positive test result. Language: English Keywords: IRAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INTERVIEWS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | HIV TESTING | FEAR | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | STIGMA | STRESS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Data Collection | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Ethics | Social Problems | Religion Document Number: 342816 |
| 9. Title: The Pope, condoms, and the evolution of HIV. Author: Ponce de Leon S; Jimenez-Corona ME; Velasco AM; Lazcano A Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2009 Aug;9(8):461-2. Abstract: This reflection focuses on HIV, resistance to antiretroviral therapy, and the importance of using condoms. It touches on the Pope’s statements on the use of condoms and their inefficiency to prevent HIV transmission and argues against it stating that condoms play a key role in limiting the HIV pandemic. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | VATICAN CITY | CRITIQUE | INFLUENTIALS | EPIDEMICS | HIV PREVENTION | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | CONDOM USE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CHRISTIANITY | Developing Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 342130 |
| 10. Title: Contraceptive use among adolescent Latinas living in the United States: the impact of culture and acculturation. Author: Sterling SP; Sadler LS Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):19-28. Abstract: Although adolescent pregnancies have declined steadily during the past decade, Latina adolescents continue to have disproportionately high pregnancy rates. For nurse practitioners to effectively counsel this group of women concerning contraceptive use and sexual health, a basic understanding of the unique sociocultural factors influencing Latina adolescents' sexual activity is important. This article reviews recent literature concerning the effects of culture, acculturation, language, and significant relationships on Latina sexual behavior to provide recommendations for clinicians working with Latina adolescents in the primary care setting. Areas in need of further research are identified. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | HISPANICS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY RATE | ACCULTURATION | CULTURE | ABORTION | SEX BEHAVIOR | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Measurements | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Behavior | Religion Document Number: 342626 Notification |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Religious teachings and influences on the ABCs of HIV prevention in Malawi. Author: Trinitapoli J Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Jul;69(2):199-209. Abstract: This study examines the relationship between religion and HIV risk behaviors in rural Malawi, giving special attention to the role of religious congregations, the organizations with which rural Africans have most immediate contact. It draws on 2004 data from a household survey in 3 districts (N=3386), and quantitative and qualitative data collected in 2005 from 187 leaders of religious congregations previously identified in the survey. The first aim is descriptive--to identify overall patterns and variations in what religious leaders in rural Malawi teach about HIV and about sexual behavior in light of the epidemic. The second aim is to assess how religious organizations impact the behavior of individual members. I examine three outcomes that correspond with the ABCs of HIV prevention: abstinence (for never married persons), fidelity (for married persons), and condom use (among sexually active persons). Multi-level models reveal that religious affiliation and involvement are not correlated with the sexual behavior of congregation members, but that beliefs about appropriate sexual behavior and particular congregational characteristics are associated with adherence to A, B, and C. Individuals belonging to congregations led by clergy who 1) frequently deliver formal messages about HIV, 2) monitor the sexual behavior of members, and 3) privately encourage condom use report greater adherence to the ABCs of HIV prevention, suggesting that religious congregations are relevant for the sexual behavior of members and for better understanding the forces shaping individual behavior in the context of the African AIDS epidemic. Language: English Keywords: MALAWI | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | INFLUENTIALS | HIV PREVENTION | ABSTINENCE, BE FAITHFUL, CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | BELIEFS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Knowledge Sources | Communication | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Religion | Culture Document Number: 342855 |
| 12. Title: Missed opportunities for religious organizations to support people living with HIV/AIDS: findings from Tanzania. Author: Watt MH; Maman S; Jacobson M; Laiser J; John M Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2009 May;23(5):389-94. Abstract: Religious beliefs play an important role in the lives of Tanzanians, but little is known about the influence of religion for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study shares perspectives of PLWHA and identifies opportunities for religious organizations to support the psychological well-being of this group. Data were collected in 2006 and 2007 through semistructured interviews with 36 clients (8 Muslims and 28 Christians) receiving free antiretrovirals (ARVs) in Arusha, Tanzania. Swahili-speaking interviewers asked about participation in religion, change in religious engagement since HIV diagnosis, and what role faith plays in living with HIV and taking ARVs. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using Atlas t.i. The findings revealed that patients' personal faith positively influenced their experiences living with HIV, but that religious organizations had neutral or negative influences. On the positive side, prayer gave hope to live with HIV, and religious faith increased after diagnosis. Some respondents said that prayer supported their adherence to medications. On the other hand, few disclosed their HIV status in their religious communities, expressing fear of stigma. Most had heard that prayer can cure HIV, and two expected to be cured. While it was common to hear messages about HIV prevention from churches or mosques, few had heard messages about living with HIV. The findings point to missed opportunities by religious organizations to support PLWHA, particularly the need to ensure that messages about HIV are not stigmatizing; share information about HIV treatment; introduce role models of PLWHA; and emphasize that prayers and medical care go hand-in-hand. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | INTERVIEWS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | STIGMA | FEAR | BELIEFS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Data Collection | Research Methodology | HIV | Behavior | Religion | Social Problems | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Culture Document Number: 342180 |
| 13. Title: Rights to emergency contraception. Author: Weisberg E; Fraser IS Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jun 17; Abstract: Emergency contraception (EC) provides women with a safe means of preventing pregnancy following unprotected sexual intercourse or potential contraceptive failure, and is accepted as a legitimate method of fertility control. The right of women to access EC, along with other contraceptive methods, needs to be affirmed. The consequences of unintended pregnancy are serious, imposing appreciable burdens on children, women, men, and families. Every child has the right to be a wanted child and not enter this world because its mother was denied access to EC. For maximum effectiveness, barriers to access must be removed. It is essential that EC pills are available over-the-counter with no minimum age for access. There is a tension between the rights of women to access EC without medical or legal intervention and the rights of providers who have a conscientious objection to provision on religious or moral grounds. The principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence all weigh in favor of the rights of a woman faced with the possibility of an unintended pregnancy to unrestricted access to EC against providers whose religious views are opposed to this. Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | CRITIQUE | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | OBSTACLES | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | CONTRACEPTIVE MODE OF ACTION | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | LEGISLATION | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Oceania | Developed Countries | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Organization and Administration | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Safety | Public Health | Religion Document Number: 341749 |
| 14. Title: Yemen Cross-Sectoral Youth Assessment: Final report. Author: Education Development Center. EQUIP3 / Youth Trust Consortium Source: [Sana'a], Yemen, Education Development Center, EQUIP3 / Youth Trust Consortium, 2008 Nov. 133 p. (USAID Associate Award No. 279-A-00-08-00023-00) Abstract: The Yemen Stability Initiative works with disaffected, disenfranchised vulnerable youth ages 15-24 through programs to increase their civic participation, life skills competence, health, and livelihood opportunities and to help them combat violent extremism. Language: English Keywords: YEMEN | SUMMARY REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | INTERVIEWS | YOUTH | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | EDUCATION | VIOLENCE | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | UNEMPLOYMENT | POVERTY | INEQUALITIES | GENDER ISSUES | MASS MEDIA | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | YOUTH PROGRAMS | USAID | Developing Countries | Middle East | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Economic Factors | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Communication | Religion | Programs | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 331380 |
| 15. Title: Gender-based violence in Iraq. The effects of violence -- real and perceived -- on the lives of women, girls, men and boys in Iraq. [Draft]. Author: United Nations. Inter-Agency Information and Analysis Unit Source: [Unpublished] 2008. 47 p. Abstract: Since 2003, the media has documented the rising civilian death toll in Iraq. A few reports have described the increase in violence against women. However, most government, UN and human rights organisations' reports fail to disaggregate the numbers of casualties and injured or accounts of violence by sex and, accordingly, it is almost impossible to know the incidence of gender-based attacks. The issue of disaggregated data is decisive; without a complete understanding of who is being targeted and the nature of the violence, it is difficult to analyse the crisis accurately or to optimise the protection response. However, the Iraqi Ministry of Health (MoH) does not publish statistics about whom or even how many Iraqis are being killed. And, as crimes against women and girls are not reported because of stigma, fear of retaliation/re-victimisation ('honour killing') or lack of confidence in the police to investigate the complaint, where data is available, it is reasonable to assume that the actual number of women who are attacked, abducted, raped and killed is much higher than the data indicates. The Inter-agency Information and Analysis Unit (IAU) is a group composed of analytical staff members from the different participating UN agencies and NGOs in Iraq. The IAU was formed in early 2008 to improve the effectiveness of programming, advocacy, policy and coordination of the international response in Iraq and, therefore, the impact of the humanitarian and development response through the strategic use of information. The IAU identified the dearth of data and information on gender-based violence (GBV) against women and men coming out of Iraq. This gap in knowledge meant that the unit was not in a position to analyse the challenges, threats and opportunities that would guide the UNCT and the UN's partners on the optimal intervention for response and prevention. Accordingly, the purpose of this report is to set out the landscape in Iraq for gender equality, gender relations and systems of gendered power in order to understand and then explore the issue of GBV in Iraq and to make recommendations to the UNCT and its operational partners for moving forward on the issue. A second report by the IAU, to be finalised by mid-August 2008 will focus on the gender perspective of access to essential services. After the publication of this second report, all further reports will be prepared by the gender coordination body in conjunction with the IAU. (author's) Language: English Keywords: IRAQ | TECHNICAL REPORT | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING | HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | GENDER ISSUES | GENDER RELATIONS | INEQUALITIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | Middle East | Developing Countries | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Traditional Health Practices | Culture | Religion | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 327628 |
| 16. Title: Is consanguineous marriage religiously encouraged? Author reply [letter] Author: Akrami SM Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008 Jan;40(1):155. Abstract: I thank Dr M. Saadat for taking the time to carefully read this article and for making helpful comments. After studying his input, I believe he is in agreement with our conclusion that there is no encouragement of consanguineous marriage in the Islamic context. As he stated, it highlights the importance of the historical background of such practice in some parts of Iran. However, I believe this statement may not be applicable to the entire country. He is right with his second comment regarding Imam Ali and the Fatima family relationship. (full text) Language: English Keywords: IRAN | CRITIQUE | COUPLES | ISLAM | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONSANGUINITY | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Genetics | Biology Document Number: 322458 |
| 17. Title: The role of religion in the HIV/AIDS intervention in Africa: a possible model for conservation biology [editorial] Author: Awoyemi SM Source: Conservation Biology. 2008 Aug;22(4):811-3. Abstract: Biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa is under enormous pressure. International economic actors and the desire of those living in poverty to escape it are causing the ongoing conversion of land to human uses and the direct destruction of habitat and wildlife. The resulting urgency and challenge of conserving Africa's biodiversity demands a multidimensional approach. Conservation biologists must transcend perceived disciplinary boundaries and connect with new allies. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | TARGET POPULATION | HIV PREVENTION | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | CHRISTIANITY | BIODIVERSITY | Developing Countries | Program Design | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Communication Programs | Communication | Behavior Change | Behavior Document Number: 329107 |
| 18. Title: Condom use, contraceptive methods, and religiosity among youths of low socioeconomic level. Author: Cerqueira-Santos E; Koller S; Wilcox B Source: Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2008 May;11(1):94-102. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of condoms and other contraceptive methods and religiosity/spirituality among youths of a low socioeconomic level in Porto Alegre. 1013 youths, between 12-24 years of age participated, responding to a personal questionnaire containing 109 items. Results show that 53.5% of these youths had already had their first sexual encounter, 55% of which had this experience before the age of 15. The majority (42.8%) claimed to be Catholic, and 26.7% said they believe in God, but were not religious. There appeared no significant difference in the use of condoms in relation to the level of religiosity, however, men used this method more than women to avoid AIDS and as a contraceptive. Women used other contraceptive methods more frequently, and there were no cases of exclusive use of methods permitted by the major religions (natural methods). This study revealed a high level of condom use (more than 80%) among both religious and non-religious youths. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE SURVEYS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | YOUTH | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | CATHOLICISM | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning Surveys | Family Planning | Social Class | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Christianity Document Number: 328913 |
| 19. Title: Conscientious objection: protecting sexual and reproductive health rights. Author: de Mesquita JB; Finer L Source: Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom, University of Essex, Human Rights Centre, [2008]. 16 p. Abstract: Healthcare providers' conscientious objection to involvement in certain procedures is grounded in the right to freedom of religion, conscience and thought. However, such conscientious objection can have serious implications for the human rights of healthcare users, including their sexual and reproductive health rights. This briefing paper examines the implications of conscientious objection, by healthcare providers, for the protection of sexual and reproductive health rights, and concludes with a set of recommendations for States' policies and laws. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ETHICS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HUMAN RIGHTS | Health | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 325208 Notification |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Italy: Delayed adaptation of social institutions to changes in family behaviour. Author: De Rose A; Racioppi F; Zanatta AL Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(19):665-704. Abstract: Considering its very low fertility and high age at childbearing, Italy stands alone in the European context and can hardly be compared with other countries, even those in the Southern region. The fertility decline occurred without any radical change in family formation. Individuals still choose (religious) marriage for leaving their parental home and rates of marital dissolution and subsequent step-family formation are low. Marriage is being postponed and fewer people marry. The behaviours of young people are particularly alarming. There is a delay in all life cycle stages: end of education, entry into the labour market, exit from the parental family, entry into union, and managing an independent household. Changes in family formation and childbearing are constrained and slowed down by a substantial delay (or even failure) with which the institutional and cultural framework has adapted to changes in economic and social conditions, in particular to the growth of the service sector, the increase in female employment and the female level of education. In a Catholic country that has been led for almost half a century by a political party with a Catholic ideology, the paucity of attention to childhood and youth seems incomprehensible. Social policies focus on marriage-based families already formed and on the phases of life related to pregnancy, delivery, and the first months of a newborn's life, while forming a family and childbearing choices are considered private affairs and neglected. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY DECLINE | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | YOUTH | FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS | EMPLOYMENT | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | WOMEN | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Changes | Marriage | Nuptiality | Economic Factors | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Religion Document Number: 327727 |
| 21. Title: Domestic lives of Pakistani women. Author: Feld K; Hayes W Source: Vienna, Virginia, D3 Systems, Inc., 2008. 4 p. Abstract: Though regional variances exist, women in Pakistan are largely impoverished homemakers with limited access to healthcare and education. They have varying geographically, opinions about the role of shari'a in protecting their rights. However, they actively follow the news and view founding their own business as a vessel to economic and social liberties. This suggests that despite their environment, many are looking for opportunities to economically improve themselves. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | ISLAM | WOMEN | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SURVEYS | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Human Rights | Political Factors Document Number: 328075 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Risky sexual behaviours of high-school pupils in an era of HIV and AIDS. Author: Frank S; Esterhuizen T; Jinabhai CC; Sullivan K; Taylor M Source: South African Medical Journal. 2008 May;98(5):394-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risky sexual behaviours and demographic factors that place high-school pupils at risk of HIV and AIDS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore factors influencing the sexual behaviour of high-school pupils (mean age 15.4 years; SD 1.11). Structured self-reported questionnaires were completed by all grade 10 pupils (N = 805) at all the Wentworth, Durban, public high schools. RESULTS: Significant gender differences in sexual practices were reported, such as males being more likely to engage in sexual activity than females (OR 4.92; p < 0.001). More males (24.8%) initiated sex before age 12, compared with more females (30%) who initiated sex between 16 to 20 years of age (p < 0.001). Significantly more males preferred older partners than females (p = 0.002), more females were forced to have sex than males (p = 0.009), and more males used alcohol on the last occasion of sex than females (p = 0.04). Religious affiliation and parental supervision were found to have a significant effect on sexual activity among pupils. CONCLUSIONS: High-school pupils are at high risk of HIV and AIDS, yet they continue to engage in risky sexual behaviours. Preventive efforts therefore need to be aggressively up-scaled and redirected towards specific risky practices, taking gender differences into account. Contextual factors such as religious norms and parental supervision also require greater attention. Risky sexual behaviours are reflective of a broader crisis in society. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | SCHOOL AGE POPULATION | ADOLESCENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV TRANSMISSION | SEX FACTORS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | AGE FACTORS | RAPE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Religion Document Number: 328755 |
| 23. Title: Emergency contraception: legal consequences of medical classification. Author: Gerber E Source: Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. 2008 Summer;36(2):428-31. Abstract: Pharmacists with religious or ethical objections to prescribing emergency contraception won the latest round in the fight over conscience clauses in a case that could have broader implications for attempts to restrict access to contraception. In Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, a federal District Court in Washington State granted an injunction to block the enforcement of regulations that would have forbidden pharmacists to refuse to dispense emergency contraception on the grounds of religious or ethical objections. In its decision, the court applied Supreme Court abortion precedent without explicitly ruling whether emergency contraception should be legally categorized as a form of abortion or as contraception. However, the legal status of emergency contraception affects the strength of the defendants' claims that the law was justified on the grounds of preventing sex discrimination. In neglecting to rule one way or the other, the court not only failed to adequately consider the sex discrimination claim but also may have opened the door to more restrictive regulation on contraceptives generally. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | WASHINGTON | CRITIQUE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | LEGISLATION | PHARMACIES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | ETHICS | COURT DECISION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Contraception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Religion | Litigation Document Number: 328354 |
| 24. Title: Sex selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for nonmedical reasons in contemporary Israeli regulations. Author: Grazi RV; Wolowelsky JB; Krieger DJ Source: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. 2008 Summer;17(3):293-9. Abstract: We report here on recent developments in Israel on the issue of sex selection for nonmedical reasons by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Sex selection for medical reasons (such as in cases of sex-linked genetic diseases) is generally viewed as uncontroversial and legal in European and American law. Its use for nonmedical reasons (like "balancing" the gender ratio in a family) is generally illegal in European countries. In the United States, it is not illegal, although in the opinion of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), it is problematic. This position is undergoing reconsideration, albeit in a limited way. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ISRAEL | CRITIQUE | SEX PRESELECTION | SEX PREFERENCE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | JUDAISM | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | ETHICS | LEGISLATION | Developed Countries | Middle East | Reproduction | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 328368 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Denominational affiliation and fertility behaviour in an African context: An examination of couple data from Ghana. Author: Gyimah SO; Takyi B; Tenkorang EY Source: Journal of Biosocial Science. 2008;:[14] p. Abstract: Although studies have examined religious differences in fertility in sub-Saharan Africa, it is argued in this paper that using women-only sample data may be conceptually problematic in patriarchal African societies where the influence of husbands on their wives' reproductive preferences is paramount. The present study contributes to this discourse by examining the relationship between religion and fertility behaviour using matched-couple data from Ghana. Guided by the 'religious values' and 'characteristics' hypotheses, the results indicate significant religious differences in fertility. Compared with Traditionalists, Christians and Muslims have lower fertility, albeit these differences diminish significantly after controlling for socioeconomic variables. The impact of wife's religious denomination on marital fertility is attenuated after controlling for husband's religious affiliation. Also, fertility was found to be higher if couples belong to the same faith compared with those of different faiths. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | COUPLES | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Religion | Socioeconomic Status | Economic Factors Document Number: 324381 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Catholics using contraceptives: Religion, family planning, and interpretive agency in rural Mexico. Author: Hirsch JS Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2008 Jun;39(2):93-104. Abstract: Research on how religion shapes contraceptive practices and fertility has paid insufficient attention to how people interpret religious teachings. This study draws on ethnographic fieldwork in Degollado, Mexico, to describe generational and social-contextual differences in how women interpret and use religious doctrine to achieve their fertility desires without jeopardizing their standing as devout Catholics. Contrasting the family planning beliefs and practices of young Mexican women with those of older women (many of whom are the younger women's parents and in-laws), in a rural town in which the religious regulation of everyday life is pervasive, reveals how a common set of religious teachings and principles can be used to guide two different generational strategies for fertility regulation. The ethnographic data presented here highlight the creativity with which people use religious frameworks to justify their behavior. Research exploring how religion-and culture more broadly-influences fertility and contraceptive use should give greater attention to the dynamic interplay between cultural beliefs and institutions, social context, and interpretive agency. (author's) Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | CATHOLICISM | CULTURE | BELIEFS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Contraception | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Christianity | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 326888 |
| 27. Title: Adolescent maternity in a low income community: Experiences revealed by oral history. Author: Hoga LA Source: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2008 Mar-Apr;16(2):280-286. Abstract: Adolescent maternity involves relevant factors associated with each family, culture and society. This research aimed to describe the experiences in the trajectory of adolescent maternity. The oral history method was used, obtaining the narratives of 21 adolescent mothers living in a low income community located in São Paulo City, Brazil. The following descriptive categories emerged from the narratives: Pregnancy: an event in the initial phase of the relationship; Insufficient knowledge and access to contraceptives, gender inferiority and God's will: the ways to look at pregnancy; To escape from family problems and define the life course: the personal meanings attributed to pregnancy; More gain than pain: the balance of adolescent maternity. Adolescent maternity in low income contexts involves very complex factors and requires an integral, integrated, personal and family centered care. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | MOTHERS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | CONTRACEPTION | AWARENESS | GENDER ISSUES | WOMEN'S STATUS | INEQUALITIES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Family Planning | Knowledge | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Religion | Behavior | Health Document Number: 327508 |
| 28. Title: Jordanian women's experiences with the use of traditional family planning. Author: Khalaf IA; Abu-Moghli F; Callister LC; Rasheed R Source: Health Care for Women International. 2008 May;29(5):527-538. Abstract: Kingdom of Jordan Ministry of Health (MOH) have identified the importance of strengthening national capacity through the integration of reproductive health (RH) services into the primary health care system. It is reported that a high percentage of Jordanian women use traditional family planning (TFP) methods, frequently using them incorrectly. Our purpose in this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the issues and challenges related to the use of TFP among Jordanian women. Six focus groups with women of childbearing age (18-44 years of age; n = 51) were held in the northern, central, and southern regions of Jordan. Study participants used traditional methods such as withdrawal, periodic abstinence, and breastfeeding. Often TFP methods were used incorrectly, resulting in a high failure rate with unplanned pregnancies occurring within short inter pregnancy intervals. Women preferred using TFP because of side effects experienced while using modern family planning (MFP) methods, misconceptions, and lack of correct information about MFP methods. Husbands often declined to use condoms but supported the use of TFP methods. Women indicated that they have unmet needs for family planning and that they would consider using MFP methods if accurate information was available at health centers. They emphasized the importance of competent and knowledgeable health care providers (HCPs) who contribute to decision making regarding use of family planning. (author's) Language: English Keywords: JORDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FOCUS GROUPS | NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE USE-EFFECTIVENESS | ATTITUDES | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | Developing Countries | Middle East | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Family Planning | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 326110 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Communal violence in Gujarat, India: Impact of sexual violence and responsibilities of the health care system. Author: Khanna R Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):142-152. Abstract: Situations of chronic conflict across the globe make it imperative to draw attention to its gendered health consequences, particularly the violation of women's reproductive and sexual rights. Since early 2002 in Gujarat, western India, the worst kind of state-sponsored violence against Muslims has been perpetrated, which continues to this day. This paper describes the history of that violence and highlights the mental and physicial consequences of sexual and gender-based violence and the issues that need to be addressed by the police, the health care system and civil society. It draws upon several reports, including from the International Initiative for Justice and the Medico Friend Circle, which documented the reproductive, sexual and mental health consequences of the violence in Gujarat, and the lacunae in the responses of the health system. The paper calls for non-discrimination to be demonstrated by health personnel in the context of conflict and social unrest. Their training should include conflict as a public health problem, their roles and responsibilities in prevention, treatment and documentation of this "disease", and focus on relevant medico-legal methodology and principles, the psychological impact of sexual assault on victims, and the legal significance of medical evidence in these cases. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | WOMEN | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | RAPE | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | HEALTH SERVICES | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | POLICE | CIVIL SOCIETY | HINDUISM | ISLAM | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Human Rights | Political Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Organization and Administration | Corrections Officers | Government | Economic Factors | Religion Document Number: 327198 |
| 30. Title: Barriers and facilitators to medication adherence in a southern minority population with HIV disease. Author: Konkle-Parker DJ; Erlen JA; Dubbert PM Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2008 Mar-Apr;19(2):98-104. Abstract: Adherence to HIV medications has been an important focus over the past decade, but little is known about adherence barriers and facilitators specifically in that part of the United States known as the Deep South. Characteristics of the region may affect factors associated with adherence related to the patient, the patient-provider relationship, and the environment. A total of 20 HIV-infected clients of a large public infectious diseases clinic in the Deep South participated in one of three focus groups; themes were identified by content analysis. Barriers included the perceived burden of extra planning, denial, life stress, difficult characteristics of the medicines, social stigma, and shame. Facilitators included acceptance of the diagnosis, thinking about the consequences of not taking the medicines, prayer and spirituality, improvements in the medicines, and support from family and friends. In the South, faith and prayer may be strong facilitators that need to be considered when adapting existing adherence interventions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MISSISSIPPI | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | STIGMA | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Population | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Religion | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 325227 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |