1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual activity and contraceptive use among young female students of tertiary educational institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria. Author: Abiodun OM; Balogun OR Source: Contraception. 2009 Feb;79(2):146-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: A survey was conducted to evaluate the pattern of sexual behavior and contraceptive use among female students aged 15 to 24 years attending tertiary institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN: A valid and reliable semistructured questionnaire was self-administered to a sampled population of 600 students aged 15 to 24 years. RESULTS: Of the 600 students, 562 (93.7%) completed the questionnaire. Most (98.6%) of the respondents were unmarried, 77.6% have had sexual intercourse, 67.8% have had an unwanted pregnancy while 63.5% have had induced abortion. All the respondents were aware of contraceptives, but only 25.4% have ever used any contraceptive method. The most common sources of information about contraception among the respondents were friends/relatives (73.7%), while the fear of side effects of modern contraceptives was the most common reason (77.5%) for nonuse. CONCLUSION: The fear of side effects is the main reason for low contraceptive prevalence among young female students of tertiary institutions in Ilorin. Reproductive health services should focus more on delivery of adequate and accurate information about contraceptives to improve use among young women. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 329609 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Factors affecting awareness of emergency contraception among college students in Kathmandu, Nepal. Author: Adhikari R Source: BMC Women's Health. 2009 Sep 17;9(1):27. Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Nepal, Emergency Contraception (EC) could play a critical role in reducing unintended pregnancies, but very few people aware about it. This paper aims to investigate the level of awareness and factors influencing awareness of EC among college students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in April-May 2006. Structured self-administered questionnaires were administered to 1,137 college students (573 males and 564 females) in Kathmandu district. The association between awareness of EC and the explanatory variables were first assessed in bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The associations were further explored using a multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS: Only about two-thirds of college students (68%) had ever heard about EC. Bivariate analysis shows that males were more aware (72%) of EC than were females (64%). Similarly, the awareness level was significantly higher among younger, unmarried youth who were from outside Kathmandu Valley, who lived with friends, and who had received reproductive health (RH) education in school/college. The study also found that students' sex, permanent place of residence (district), and RH education are significant predictors of awareness of EC. Males are 1.5 times more likely to be aware of EC compared to females. Furthermore, students who lived in Kathmandu Valley were 41% less likely to be aware of EC than were students from outside Kathmandu Valley. On the other hand, those students who received RH education in school/college were almost nine times more likely to be aware of EC compared to those who did not receive such education. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the EC is low among college students in Nepal. Health education initiatives should target students as they are more likely to be sexually active. There is a need to further educate students about EC which can help to reduce unintended pregnancies, many of which result in unsafe abortion and take a large toll on women's health. Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | AWARENESS | QUESTIONNAIRES | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | SEX EDUCATION | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Education | Contraception | Family Planning | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 342836 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Longitudinal antiretroviral adherence in HIV+ Ugandan parents and their children initiating HAART in the MTCT-plus family treatment model: role of depression in declining adherence over time. Author: Byakika-Tusiime J; Crane J; Oyugi JH; Ragland K; Kawuma A; Musoke P; Bangsberg DR Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S82-S91. Abstract: The authors conducted a study to assess the effect of family-based treatment on adherence amongst HIV-infected parents and their HIV-infected children attending the Mother-To-Child-Transmission Plus program in Kampala, Uganda. Adherence was assessed using home-based pill counts and self-report. Mean adherence was over 94%. Depression was associated with incomplete adherence on multivariable analysis. Adherence declined over time. Qualitative interviews revealed lack of transportation money, stigma, clinical response to therapy, drug packaging, and cost of therapy may impact adherence. Our results indicate that providing ART to all eligible HIV-infected members in a household is associated with excellent adherence in both parents and children. Adherence to ART among new parents declines over time, even when patients receive treatment at no cost. Depression should be addressed as a potential barrier to adherence. Further study is necessary to assess the long-term impact of this family treatment model on adherence to ART in resource-limited settings. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PARENTS | CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | QUESTIONNAIRES | DEPRESSION | PACKAGING | STIGMA | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Marketing | Economic Factors | Social Problems Document Number: 341904 |
| 4. Title: Emergency contraception - knowledge and attitudes in a group of Australian university students. Author: Calabretto H Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2009 Jun;33(3):234-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore first year Australian university students' knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraception and their understanding of the risk for pregnancy. METHOD: A self-report questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 627 first year on-campus students from both health and non-health disciplines. RESULTS: Knowledge about emergency contraception (EC) was generally poor including misunderstanding that it can only be used the 'morning after', as well as where it may be accessed. Its potential use was, however, more highly accepted as a preventative measure after unprotected sexual intercourse than abortion in the event of unplanned pregnancy. Women had better knowledge than men, and on a number of measures there were significant differences between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Poor knowledge about the timing, accessibility, action and side effects of EC may act as a barrier to its use in the event of unprotected sexual intercourse. Although EC has been available in Australia as a Schedule 3 medication since 2004, its availability from pharmacies is not well known, nor is access from other primary health care providers. Implications: The lack of knowledge about EC may lead to its underutilisation and underlines the need for future educational strategies about EC as well as the need for health professionals who provide contraceptive services to discuss EC with clients. Health promotion campaigns which are both general as well as gender-specific may improve overall community knowledge about this method of contraception. Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | ABORTION | QUESTIONNAIRES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD ACCEPTABILITY | Oceania | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Contraception | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Contraceptive Usage Document Number: 342310 Notification |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Social Network Influences on Male and Female Condom Use Among Women Attending Family Planning Clinics in the United States. Author: Choi KH; Gregorich SE Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Aug 21; Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Research has shown that social networks play an important role in determining health behaviors. However, little is known about their influence on male and female condom use among women. METHODS:: We analyzed data obtained from 157 sexually-active women who enrolled in the Female Condom Intervention Trial from June 2003 to November 2004 in Northern California and completed an audio computer-assisted self interview at baseline and 3-months. RESULTS:: At the 3-month assessment, the mean number of male and female "conversation" network members (i.e., nonspouse/sex partner people with whom respondents had discussed male and female condoms in the past 3 months) was 1.62 and 1.03, respectively. Results of multiple logistic regression analyses showed that male and female condom use was higher among women with at least 1 network member who encouraged using the male condom (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.52, 7.56) and the female condom (OR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.95, 18.61), respectively. Female condom use was also associated with having "dense" female condom conversation networks (i.e., at least 2 of respondents' network members knew one another; OR, 8.42; 95% CI, 3.05, 23.29). CONCLUSIONS:: The significant association between conversation network characteristics and male and female condom use suggests that more research is needed to better understand the role of conversation networks in affecting condom use among women. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | WOMEN | SOCIAL NETWORKS | CONDOM USE | FEMALE CONDOMS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication Document Number: 342592 |
| 6. Title: Current contraceptive awareness and use in Greek dental school students. Author: Dinas K; Ahiropoulos V; Mavromatidis G; Chatzipantelis E; Zepiridis L; Theodoridis T; Gkoutzioulis F; Delkos D; Rousso D Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Mar;18(3):387-91. Abstract: AIMS: We conducted a pilot study in female dental school students in Northern Greece in order to assess their awareness and practice of contraception. METHODS: The study population consisted of 88 female graduating students of the dental school. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was designed to explore students' awareness and use of contraceptive methods. RESULTS: Condoms were the most widely used contraceptive method (they were used by 52.3% of the students); 20.5% of the students were using condoms in alternation or together with coitus interruptus, and 6.8% were using only coitus interruptus. The oral contraceptive pill (OC) was used as the only contraceptive method by 4.5% of the students and in combination with condoms by 9.1% of them. The majority (53.4%) considered condoms as the most effective contraceptive method; 9.1% of the students answered "sterilization" and the same percentage stated "intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)." Overall, 20.5% of the students believed that the OC increases the risk of cancer, and 36.4% did not know if there is an association between OC use and risk of cancer. Among students not using OC, the respective percentages were 23.7% and 42.1%. among the students, 59.1% had asked their gynecologist about contraception. The contraceptive method used and the perception regarding the most effective contraceptive method did not differ significantly between those who had consulted their gynecologist and those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Dental school students in Greece appear to have inaccurate knowledge on important contraceptive issues, and this is reflected in their contraceptive practices. There is a pressing need to provide scientifically based sexual education if we are to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Language: English Keywords: GREECE | RESEARCH REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | QUESTIONNAIRES | STUDENTS | YOUTH | WOMEN | UNIVERSITIES | DENTAL HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | Europe, Southern | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Health | Family Planning Document Number: 330552 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Attitudes towards the male contraceptive pill in men and women in casual and stable sexual relationships. Author: Eberhardt J; van Wersch A; Meikle N Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jul;35(3):161-5. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: Men's and women's attitudes towards the male contraceptive pill and their trust in the effective use of the male pill were investigated, as well as the associated variables of reported health behaviours, perceived self-efficacy and type of sexual relationship, using a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: Although both sexes had a favourable attitude towards the male pill, females had a more positive attitude than men. Conversely, women had less trust that men would use the male pill effectively. Males in stable sexual relationships were more positive about the male pill than those in casual sexual relationships. Gender, relationship type and trust in the effective use of the male pill reliably predicted attitude towards the male pill. High perceived self-efficacy was related to engaging in more health behaviours, and in men a positive association between health behaviours and attitude towards the male pill has been found. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A positive attitude towards the male pill does not automatically imply that the individual is confident about its effective use. Once the male pill is widely available, promotional campaigns could target not only men but also their female partners, as the latter tend to come into contact with health services more frequently. In order to increase confidence in effective implementation, a variety of presentations of the male pill should be made available in line with individual needs and lifestyles. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | MALE CONTRACEPTION | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | ATTITUDES | BELIEFS | QUESTIONNAIRES | MALE ROLE | SEX FACTORS | AGE FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Methods | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 342138 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: The Relationship Between Rejection Sensitivity and Compliant Condom Use. Author: Edwards GL; Barber BL Source: Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2009 Sep 4; Abstract: Those who are rejection sensitive anxiously expect and readily perceive rejection. Rejection sensitivity is hypothesized to predict behavior; however, this link may be more evident in some contexts than others. The current study examined the link between rejection sensitivity and condom use. Australian young adults in romantic (n = 649, 70% female) and casual (n = 144, 76.2% female) relationship contexts completed measures on rejection sensitivity, condom use preferences, and condom use. Regression analysis showed that rejection sensitivity predicted condom use when participants' condom use preferences were at odds with those they thought their partner held. Specifically, highly rejection-sensitive individuals who preferred more frequent condom use reported using condoms less often, if that was what they thought their partners wanted. The results lend support to the model of rejection sensitivity in that individuals comply more with their perceived partner's preferences if they are more rejection-sensitive. The results also highlight the need to take the situational context into consideration when examining links between personality dispositions and behavior. Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | YOUTH | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | DECISION MAKING | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PERCEPTION | QUESTIONNAIRES | Oceania | Developed Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Psychological Factors Document Number: 342840 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Factors associated with an explosive HIV epidemic among injecting drug users in Sargodha, Pakistan. Author: Emmanuel F; Archibald C; Razaque A; Sandstrom P Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51(1):85-90. Abstract: BACKGROUND: During a routine surveillance round, an extremely high prevalence of 51.3% was found among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Sargodha, a small town in Pakistan. This sharp increase of HIV among this group warranted an urgent need to explore the factors leading toward this explosion of HIV infection among IDUs at this very location to direct the policy makers in designing preventive activities, especially in the context of HIV prevention. METHODS: In 2007, 400 current IDUs were recruited through multistage cluster sampling based on mapping studies. Participants provided dried blood spot samples for HIV testing and completed a questionnaire on demographic characteristics and sexual/drug injecting behaviors. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent association of multiple variables with HIV infection. RESULTS: Of the 400 IDUs tested, 205 (51.3%) were HIV positive confirmed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. In multivariate analysis, geographical location of IDUs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.4 for IDUs located in the northern zone vs southern zone, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 3.7], injected in groups (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.1), and sharing injecting paraphernalia with other IDUs (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.4) were strong correlates of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Effective outreach programs need to be developed to provide a comprehensive package of HIV prevention services to IDUs not reached by existing services, entry into drug abuse treatment and medical care needs to be facilitated, and essential legal and social services need to be provided with community participation. Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | IV DRUG USERS | HIV INFECTIONS | EPIDEMICS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | NEEDLE SHARING | SEX BEHAVIOR | QUESTIONNAIRES | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Health | Risk Behavior | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 342369 |
| 10. Title: Domestic violence on pregnant women in Turkey. Author: Ergonen AT; Ozdemir MH; Can IO; Sonmez E; Salacin S; Berberoglu E; Demir N Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2009 Apr;16(3):125-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Domestic violence is accepted worldwide as an important health problem. Besides diagnosis and treatment process, there are difficulties when considering of medico-legal evaluation of pregnant women subjected to domestic violence. As a signatory of the ''Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)'' Turkey has certain commitments regarding domestic violence and made regulations on national law. The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy among the women who applied to obstetrics clinics and evaluating of the participants' knowledge level about the legal legislation concerning domestic violence. FINDINGS: Pregnant women attending for antenatal care to department of Gynecology and Obstetrics were interviewed using an anonymous and confidential questionnaire. The questionnaire used was a version of Abuse Assessment Screen with guidance of references. 28 (13.4%) women stated that they had been subjected to violence before pregnancy. Only 10 (4.67%) women had stated experience of violence during pregnancy. 148 (69.2%) of them had stated that they had no knowledge about any legislation concerning domestic violence in our country. CONCLUSION: We believe that society awareness should be increased and the health workers should be informed about their ethical and legal responsibilities concerning domestic violence during pregnancy. The knowledge and sensitivity of health care personnel in Prenatal Clinics and Family Planning Services should be increased and examination protocols should be provided about domestic violence against pregnant women. Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PREVALENCE | LEGISLATION | KNOWLEDGE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | QUESTIONNAIRES | TREATIES | ANTENATAL CARE | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342189 |
| 11. Title: Fertility preferences, condom use, and concerns among HIV-positive women in serodiscordant relationships in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Author: Ezeanochie M; Olagbuji B; Ande A; Oboro V Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Aug 8; Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess preferences and concerns about infecting partner or child among HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy and whose partners are HIV-negative. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study conducted in Nigeria, 55 HIV-positive women undergoing antiretroviral therapy and married to seronegative men answered an anonymous questionnaire regarding whether they preferred to conceive naturally or by means of an assisted reproductive technique (ART). RESULTS: Compared with older women (mean age 33.6+/-5.1years), younger women (mean age, 29.8+/-3.9years) were significantly more likely to choose natural conception than ART (P=0.02). Moreover, whereas 23 respondents (48.9%) reported consistent condom use, 11 (23.4%) reported never using condoms after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. There was a significant difference in the consistent use of condoms between those who preferred natural conception and those who preferred ART (56.8% vs 20%, P=0.049). CONCLUSION: With improving immunologic and clinical status once antiretroviral therapy is initiated, HIV-positive women wishing to become pregnant may engage in risky sexual practices. This trend needs to be addressed because of its consequences for public health. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | WOMEN | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONDOM USE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | QUESTIONNAIRES | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | AGE FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | HIV | Reproduction | Population Characteristics Document Number: 342492 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Provision of contraception services and advice for women with cystic fibrosis. Author: Gatiss S; Mansour D; Doe S; Bourke S Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Jul;35(3):157-60. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: As the prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves, issues of sexual health, fertility, pregnancy and contraception are increasingly important. In order to plan the provision of a contraception and sexual health service for women with CF we studied their sexual and reproductive history, their current usage of contraception, the sources and quality of advice they had received, and their particular needs using a confidential questionnaire sent to all women over 16 years of age attending a regional CF centre. RESULTS: Of 55 women (mean age 29.7 years) surveyed, 42 (76%) responded. Thirty-three women (79%) were sexually active and 13 (31%) had experienced 19 pregnancies, five (26%) of which were unplanned. Only half of the women who responded were using contraception. No woman used female sterilisation, the progestogen implant, intrauterine system (IUS) or copper-bearing intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. Twenty-six (62%) women reported not having received contraceptive advice specific to CF and 24 (57%) said that they had not been warned about the potential interaction between broad-spectrum antibiotics and the combined pill. DISCUSSION: Women with CF have a relatively high rate of unplanned pregnancy and do not receive optimal advice or use the full range of contraceptive methods. CF teams lack training in contraception and contraceptive services may not have a detailed knowledge of CF and its complications. New strategies are needed to focus the knowledge and skills of both teams in providing better services for women with CF. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | CLIENTS | HEREDITARY DISEASES | COMPLICATIONS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FERTILITY | PREGNANCY | QUESTIONNAIRES | ANTIBIOTICS | GENETIC COUNSELING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Contraception | Family Planning | Population Dynamics | Reproduction | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Counseling | Clinic Activities Document Number: 342139 |
| 13. Title: Determinants of HIV knowledge and condom use among women in Madagascar: an analysis using matched household and community data. Author: Glick P; Randriamamonjy J; Sahn DE Source: African Development Review. 2009 Apr;21(1):147-179. Abstract: The authors estimated the determinants of HIV/AIDS knowledge and related behavior (use of condoms) among women in Madagascar, a country where prevalence remains low but conditions are ripe for a rapid increase in infections. In both rural and urban areas, more educated and wealthier women are more likely to know about means of preventing infection, less likely to have misconceptions about transmission, and more likely to use condoms. Community factors such as availability of health centers and access to roads also are associated with greater HIV knowledge. However, most of the large rural-urban difference in mean knowledge is due not to location per se but to differences in schooling and wealth; rather than simply being geographically targeted, AIDS education efforts must be designed to target and be understood by uneducated and poor subpopulations. Language: English Keywords: MADAGASCAR | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | CONDOM USE | QUESTIONNAIRES | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | MISINFORMATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication Document Number: 341878 |
| 14. Title: Technological profile assessment of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil. Author: Grangeiro A; Escuder MM; Wolffenbuttel K; Pupo LR; Nemes MI; Monteiro PH Source: Revista de Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;43(3):427-36. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize and analyze technological profiles of voluntary HIV counseling and testing centers in Brazil. METHODS: A structured self-completion questionnaire with 78 questions was used. This questionnaire was answered by 320 (83.6%) of the 383 Brazilian centers, in 2006. Responses that characterized the services' technological profile were analyzed using K-means clustering technique. Associations between the profiles described and the municipal contexts were analyzed using the chi-square and residue analysis for proportions, and ANOVA and Bonferroni for means. RESULTS: Centers showed significant deficiencies to guarantee adequate services. A total of four technological profiles were identified. The 'care' profile (21.6%) predominated among the services instituted before 1993, in areas with high AIDS incidence and in large cities. The 'prevention' profile (30.0%), prevalent between 1994 and 1998, was the type that best complies with the Ministry of Health's norms, with better readiness and productivity indicators. The 'care and prevention' profile (26.9%), included in the AIDS services, predominated between 1999 and 2002, and developed the most comprehensive set of activities, including STD treatment. The 'testing' profile (21.6%) was the most precarious, found where the epidemic is most recent and with a lower number of people tested. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling and testing centers constitute a set of heterogeneous services. In addition, service implementation guidelines have not been completely incorporated in Brazil, thus having and influence on low resolution and productivity indicators and also the inadequate development of prevention activities. Language: EnglishPortuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | QUESTIONNAIRES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | TREATMENT | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 342658 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Acceptability and reliability of an adolescent risk behavior questionnaire administered with audio and computer support. Author: Gutierrez JP; Torres-Pereda P Source: Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica. 2009;25(5):418-422. Abstract: Answers to sensitive behavior-related questions were obtained using ACASI systems and compared with answers to the same questions obtained through face-to-face interviews (FFIs) among adolescents in Mexico. Focus groups were conducted to explore ACASI's acceptability among adolescents and ASCASI's potential for obtaining better self-reported data on sensitive behaviors. ACASI was adolescents' preferred method for reporting risk behaviors, particularly sexual behavior. Also, more risk behaviors were reported through ACASI than FFIs. The authors conclude that using ACASI systems in disadvantaged households to obtain data on adolescent risk behavior is not only feasible but may also improve data quality in the case of complex questionnaires, compared with FFIs. Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | RELIABILITY | ADOLESCENTS | TESTING | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | INFORMATION PROCESSING | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors | Information Document Number: 339854 |
| 16. Title: Strategies and ethical considerations for the recruitment of young men who have sex with men: challenges of a vaccination trial in Mexico. Author: Gutierrez-Lund A; Angeles-Llerenas A; Wirtz VJ; Del Rio AA; Zamilpa-Mejia L Source: Clinical Trials. 2009;6(4):365-372. Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe and analyze recruitment strategies, ethical considerations, and recruitment outcomes from a study to evaluate the efficacy the human papilloma virus vaccine in young men who have sex with men (MSM). The recruitment settings were university and community sites in the state of Morelos, Mexico. To be eligible, participants had to be men between 18 and 23 years old who were free of anal-genital lesions as confirmed by clinical exploration, HIV negative, with no history of sexual relations with female partners, and with fewer than five male lifetime sexual partners. Recruitment goals were 25 study participants in a four and a half month period. In addition to traditional recruitment strategies (flyers and media advertising, specific training of the recruitment team, and adequate choice of recruitment sites), local leaders in the MSM community were engaged in the process. In total, 723 MSM were initially contacted, 243 filled out the recruitment questionnaire, of which 151 met the criteria to be invited to the clinical examination. After clinical examination and interviews with the recruitment team, 131 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of whom 73 were enrolled in the study. Attending meetings with MSM activist organizations was the most successful recruitment strategy (326), followed by recruitment at bars and dance clubs (107). Language: English Keywords: MEXICO | SUMMARY REPORT | CLINICAL TRIALS | YOUTH | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | VACCINATION | HPV | ETHICS | PARTICIPATION | QUESTIONNAIRES | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Clinical Research | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Social Problems Document Number: 339912 |
| 17. Title: Late termination of pregnancy: a comparison of obstetricians' experience in eight European countries. Author: Habiba M; Da Fre M; Taylor DJ; Arnaud C; Bleker O; Lingman G; Gomez MM; Gratia P; Heyl W; Viafora C Author: EUROBS Study Group Source: BJOG. 2009 Sep;116(10):1340-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the experience and attitude of obstetricians in Europe towards late termination of pregnancy and the factors affecting their responses. DESIGN: Cluster sampling cross-sectional survey. All neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-associated maternity units were recruited (census sampling) in Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Sweden. In France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, units were selected at random. In every recruited unit, all obstetricians with at least 6 months' experience were invited to participate. SETTING: NICU-associated maternity units in eight European countries. POPULATION: Obstetricians with at least 6 months' clinical experience. METHODS: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used. Multinomial logistic analysis was used to identify factors predicting the obstetricians' views about modifying the law governing late termination in their country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Obstetricians' experience of late termination of pregnancy and views about national policies. RESULTS: One hundred and five units and 1530 obstetricians participated (response rates 70 and 77% respectively). The most common indications for late termination were congenital anomalies and women's physical health. Feticide was not common except in France, Luxembourg and the UK. Active euthanasia of a liveborn was practiced in France and the Netherlands. Obstetricians in Germany were more likely to feel that late termination should be more severely restricted, the opposite was true in Spain and the Netherlands. In Italy, there was dissatisfaction with current status, but opinion was divided, reflecting views on both sides of the debate. CONCLUSIONS: This research outlines current practice in a difficult and sensitive area and suggests the need for more discussion and support for all those who were involved. Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | PHYSICIANS | OBSTETRICS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY, THIRD TRIMESTER | EUTHANASIA | ULTRASONICS | ATTITUDES | QUESTIONNAIRES | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | ETHICS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Religion Document Number: 342944 Notification |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual behaviour, condom use and rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV clinic attendees in South East London. Author: Hamlyn E; Welz T; Rebaudengo S; Simms H; Poulton M Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Sep 16; Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine sexual behaviour, condom use and rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among attendees at a dedicated on-site STI clinic at a South London HIV centre. Data were prospectively collected by using a nurse-completed questionnaire. Ninety-eight percent of women reported one or no sexual partners in the preceding three months, whereas 57% of men who have sex with men (MSM) reported two or more partners. Only 28% of women, 53% of heterosexual men and 29% of MSM always used a condom for vaginal or anal intercourse. Positive STI diagnoses were found in 17.5% of women, 20% of heterosexual men and 49% of MSM. Twenty percent of patients who reported always using a condom and 38% of MSM reporting no sexual activity in the preceding three months had an STI. These results highlight the need for safe sex promotion and STI screening in HIV-infected patients regardless of self-reported sexual activity. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HETEROSEXUALS | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | CONDOM USE | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREVALENCE | QUESTIONNAIRES | CLINIC ACTIVITIES | SCREENING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342841 |
| 19. Title: In search of health: quality of life among postpartum Palestinian women. Author: Hammoudeh W; Mataria A; Wick L; Giacaman R Source: Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. 2009 Apr;9(2):123-32. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The postpartum period is a very important period for the health of the mother and the newborn. Despite its importance, research on this period is limited and tends to be more focused on biomedical aspects of the postpartum period. In the Occupied Palestinian Territory, little is known regarding women's postpartum wellbeing. This study utilizes the Maternal Postpartum Quality-of-Life instrument to assess Palestinian women's postpartum quality of life and the factors associated with variations in their quality-of-life scores. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey utilizing the adapted Maternal Postpartum Quality-of-Life Questionnaire was completed in the Occupied Palestinian Territory with a final sample size of 1020 women. RESULTS: The mean overall quality-of-life score for the sample was 21.53 (maximum = 30), suggesting that women are slightly satisfied with their lives in the postpartum period. Main variations in quality-of-life scores were associated with regional district, refugee status, the loss of a relative due to Israeli occupation violence, standard of living and pregnancy wantedness. CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlight the diversity and complexity of the social context, in particular the region where women live, and the issue of pregnancy wantedness in postpartum quality of life. They also call into question the services currently offered to postpartum women. Language: English Keywords: WEST BANK | GAZA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | FRIENDS AND RELATIVES | QUALITY OF LIFE | QUESTIONNAIRES | CARE AND SUPPORT | STANDARD OF LIVING | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 342478 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Improvement in quality-of-life questionnaire measures in obese adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with lifestyle changes and oral contraceptives, with or without metformin. Author: Harris-Glocker M; Davidson K; Kochman L; Guzick D; Hoeger K Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Sep 23; Abstract: We studied the effect of metformin or placebo in a lifestyle modification program combined with oral contraceptives (OC) on quality-of-life parameters measured by the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) questionnaire in obese adolescent women with validated PCOS. The quality-of-life indicators were measured at baseline and conclusion for five domains on the PCOS questionnaire, with equal improvement in scores in both placebo and metformin groups, suggesting that the addition of metformin does not add improvement to quality-of-life measures above those observed with lifestyle modification and OC treatment. Language: English Keywords: BULGARIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS | QUALITY OF LIFE | LIFE STYLE | OVARIAN CYSTS | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CHANGES | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Behavior | Diseases | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 342996 |
| 21. Title: [Providing emergency contraceptive pills in pharmacies] Author: Heidarsdottir ML; Almarsdottir AB; Geirsson RT Source: Laeknabladid. 2009 May;95(5):343-347. Abstract: Objective: Use of the levonorgestrel emergency contraception (EC) pill has become more common after being made formally available in pharmacies without prescription. It was investigated how pharmacists in the capital area of Reykjavik supply EC to clients. Material and methods: A total of 46 pharmacists of all working ages and both genders were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning how they sold the emergency contraception pill over the counter (84.8% reply rate). Results: Four of five used <5 minutes to discuss emergency contraception with the client, but almost all enquired about time from intercourse. While only 20% asked about the woman s health, most considered concomitant drug use and potential interaction with levonorgestrel. Only about 50% pointed out that EC did not protect against sexually transmitted disease, (3/4) pointed out the need for permanent contraceptive use, 95% asked about previous EC use, but only 30% would provide EC again in the same menstrual cycle. One half of the pharmacists sold EC to men/teenage boys and wished to assist them with taking responsibility, while the others only sold the drug to the woman. Of those prepared to give the drug to the men, 55% asked to speak over the telephone with the woman to ensure correct prescription and information. Nearly a third would never or rarely provide consultation in private. Conclusions: Pharmacists agree mostly about main points in supplying EC, but not as regards provision to women through their male partners. Provisons for consultation can be improved. Key words: Key contraception, emergency contraception, pregnancy. Correspondence: Reynir Tomas Geirsson, reynirg@landspitali.is. Language: Icelandic Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | WOMEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | PREGNANCY | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproduction | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341070 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: The risk of unintended pregnancies in users of the contraceptive patch compared to users of oral contraceptives in the UK General Practice Research Database. Author: Jick SS; Hagberg KW; Kaye JA; Jick H Source: Contraception. 2009 Aug;80(2):142-51. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The transdermal contraceptive patch EVRA has been marketed since 2002 as an alternative to oral contraceptives (OCs), but large follow-up studies of effectiveness are lacking. STUDY DESIGN: We used a cohort plus a nested case-control study to estimate rates and hazard ratios of unintended pregnancy among users of different hormonal contraceptives (HC) and to evaluate the effects of various potential predictors on unintended pregnancy. RESULTS: Rates of unintended pregnancy were all low (overall rate 0.17 per 100 women-years), though they were slightly higher in users of progestogen-only OCs and EVRA compared to users of second-generation OCs. The hazard ratios for unintended pregnancy were also higher for users of progestogen-only OCs and the patch compared to users of second-generation OCs, although these estimates may be confounded by compliance. Rates of unintended pregnancy were inversely associated with age and duration of HC use as well as with other predictors of pregnancy but not body mass index or use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The rates of unintended pregnancy were low for all study HCs, and while the data on unintended pregnancy in EVRA users compared to OC users are sufficient to rule out major differences in the rate of unintended pregnancy, they are not sufficient to rule out modest ones. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTIVENESS | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | QUESTIONNAIRES | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information Document Number: 342306 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: The WHOMEN's Scale (Women's HAART Optimism Monitoring and EvaluatioN Scale v.1) and the association with fertility intentions and sexual behaviours among HIV-positive women in Uganda. Author: Kaida A; Lima VD; Andia I; Kabakyenga J; Mbabazi P; Emenyonu N; Patterson TL; Hogg RS; Rangsberg DR Source: AIDS and Behavior. 2009 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S72-S81. Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a reliable HAART optimism scale among HIV-positive women in Uganda and to test the scale's validity against measures of fertility intentions, sexual activity, and unprotected sexual intercourse. We used cross-sectional survey data of 540 women (18-50 years) attending Mbarara University's HIV clinic in Uganda. Women were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with 23 statements about HAART. Data were subjected to a principal components and factor analyses. Subsequently, we tested the association between the scale and fertility intentions and sexual behaviour using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Factor analysis yielded three factors, one of which was an eight-item HAART optimism scale with moderately high internal consistency (a = 0.70). Women who reported that they intended to have (more) children had significantly higher HAART optimism scores (median = 13.5 [IQR: 12-16]) than women who did not intend to have (more) children (median = 10.5 [IQR: 8-12]; P < 0.0001). Similarly, women who were sexually active and who reported practicing unprotected sexual intercourse had significantly higher HAART optimism scores than women who were sexually abstinent or who practiced protected sexual intercourse. Our reliable and valid scale, termed the Women's HAART Optimism Monitoring and EvaluatioN scale (WHOMEN's scale), may be valuable to broader studies investigating the role of HAART optimism on reproductive intentions and sexual behaviours of HIV-positive women in high HIV prevalence settings. Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | SEX BEHAVIOR | QUESTIONNAIRES | VALIDITY | HIV TRANSMISSION | MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PERCEPTION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Behavior | Measurement | Transmission | Infections | Psychological Factors Document Number: 341903 |
| 24. Title: Survey on prevalence and risk factors on HIV-I among pregnant women in North-Rift, Kenya: a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted between 2005 and 2006. Author: Kiptoo M; Mpoke S; Ng'ang'a Z; Mueke J; Okoth F; Songok E Source: BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2009 Apr 30;9(10):6 p. Abstract: Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Kenya is a major public-health problem. Estimating the prevalence of HIV in pregnant women provides essential information for an effective implementation of HIV/AIDS control measures and monitoring of HIV spread within a country. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection, risk factors for HIV/AIDS and immunologic (lymphocyte profile) characteristics among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three district hospitals in North-Rift, Kenya. Methods: Blood samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in three district hospitals (Kitale, Kapsabet and Nandi Hills) after informed consent and pre-test counseling. The samples were tested for HIV antibodies as per the guidelines laid down by Ministry of Health, Kenya. A structured pretested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data. Lymphocyte subset counts were quantified by standard flow cytometry. Results: Of the 4638 pregnant women tested, 309 (6.7%) were HIV seropositive. The majority (85.1%) of the antenatal attendees did not know their HIV status prior to visiting the clinic for antenatal care. The highest proportion of HIV infected women was in the age group 21-25 years (35.5%). The 31-35 age group had the highest (8.5%) HIV prevalence, while women aged more than 35 years had the lowest (2.5%). Women in a polygamous relationship were significantly more likely to be HIV infected as compared to those in a monogamous relationship (p = 0.000). The highest HIV prevalence (6.3%) was recorded among antenatal attendees who had attended secondary schools followed by those with primary and tertiary level of education (6% and 5% respectively). However, there was no significant relationship between HIV seropositivity and the level of education (p = 0.653 and p = 0.469 for secondary and tertiary respectively). The mean CD4 count was 466 cells/mm3 (9-2000 cells/mm3). Those that had less than 200 cells/mm3 accounted for 14% and only nine were on antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HIV was found to be consistent with the reports from the national HIV sentinel surveys. Enumeration of T-lymphocyte (CD4/8) should be carried out routinely in the antenatal clinics for proper timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected pregnant women. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | PREGNANT WOMEN | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | QUESTIONNAIRES | ANTENATAL CARE | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Health | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care Document Number: 341881 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual behaviour and HIV/sexually transmitted infection risk behaviours in the general population of Slovenia, a low HIV prevalence country in central Europe. Author: Klavs I; Rodrigues LC; Wellings K; Weiss HA; Hayes R Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(2):132-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe sexual and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behaviours in Slovenia. METHODS: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the general population aged 18-49 years in 1999-2001 was conducted. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews and anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used. RESULTS: 849 men and 903 women were interviewed. In the past 5 years, both men and women reported a median of one heterosexual partner (means 3.2, 1.5, respectively), concurrent heterosexual partnerships were reported by 24.4% of men and 8.2% of women, heterosexual sex with non-Slovenian partners by 12.6% of men and 12.2% of women, forced sex by 4.8% of women, paid heterosexual sex by 2.6% of men, sex with another man by 0.6% of men and heterosexual sex with an injecting drug user by 1.2% of men and 1.3% of women. In the past year, 22.7% of men and 9.5% of women reported forming at least one new heterosexual partnership. The mean numbers of episodes of heterosexual sex in the previous 4 weeks were 6.1 for men and 6.0 for women. Consistent and inconsistent condom use was reported more frequently among men reporting multiple female partners and those not married or cohabiting. CONCLUSIONS: Recent patterns of reported sexual behaviour are consistent with a low risk of HIV and STI transmission in Slovenia. The results will inform Slovenian sexual health policies including HIV/STI prevention, and are particularly valuable because population-based data on HIV/STI risk behaviour have not previously been available in low HIV prevalence countries of central Europe. Language: English Keywords: SLOVENIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PREVALENCE | INTERVIEWS | QUESTIONNAIRES | RISK BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | Developing Countries | Europe, Central | Europe | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Measurement | Data Collection | Risk Reduction Behavior Document Number: 341850 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Knowledge and practice among healthcare providers in rural Vietnam regarding sexually transmitted infections. Author: Lan PT; Mogren I; Phuc HD; Stalsby Lundborg C Source: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009 Jul;36(7):452-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess knowledge and reported practice regarding sexually transmitted infections (STI) among healthcare providers in rural Vietnam and to examine background characteristics possibly associated with knowledge and practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire was carried out in 2006 among 465 healthcare providers in rural Vietnam. The questionnaire included questions on providers' characteristics, STI knowledge, and case scenarios of 4 common STI syndromes. Correct answer was scored 1, "do not know" or incorrect answer was scored 0. Linear and logistic regressions were applied. RESULTS: Diseases considered as STI were gonorrhea and syphilis by 83% of the respondents, 70% believed partner treatment necessary for bacterial vaginosis or candidiasis cases. Sharing clothes/food or kissing was commonly mentioned as transmission routes (60%). Median scores of knowledge and reported practice were 29 (range: 0-50) and 2 (range: 0-20), respectively. Among the respondents, 34% had a knowledge score of less than 25 and 78% had a practice score of less than 10. Characteristics predicting higher level of knowledge were being a medical doctor, assistant medical doctor, midwife, or serving STI patients. Characteristics predicting higher level of practice were serving STI patients, being a midwife or female provider, and having participated in STI or reproductive tract infection training courses. Respondents who reported treating STI patients had a higher level of knowledge and reported practice than the others. Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | KNOWLEDGE | QUESTIONNAIRES | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | RISK FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | MISINFORMATION | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication Document Number: 342820 |
| 27. Title: Contraception and Induced Abortions for Women of Reproductive Age Married in Recent Years in Rural Areas of Shandong, China. Author: Li H; Li DQ; Li HQ; Diao YT Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2009 Aug 6;68(3):174-180. Abstract: Background: In 2001, the Chinese Government published the Population and Family Planning Law which gave citizens the right to know the facts about, and to choose, methods of birth control. Since then, the percentage use of different contraceptive methods has changed. More and more women have been using male condoms for birth control, which has resulted in an increasing prevalence of induced abortions of unintended pregnancies in recent years. Objective: To investigate the relationship between choice of contraception methods and rates of induced abortion in the rural areas of Shandong. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey on contraceptive methods and abortions in women of reproductive age who married between January 1, 2002, and August 31, 2005, was carried out in 8 sampling communities of rural areas in Shandong Province.Results: 7,159 of 8,520 women of childbearing age took part in the survey, which gave a response rate of 84.0%. The accumulative abortion rate was 2.39% for intrauterine device (IUD) use and 5.46% for male condom use during the period of survey. A longer duration of marriage and a longer time of male condom use increased the rate of induced abortions, while longer periods of IUD use decreased the rate of induced abortions. Conclusion: The results indicated that an integrated program for family planning, especially one that better educates condom users, must be initiated in the rural areas of Shandong Province, China. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RURAL AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | CURRENTLY MARRIED | WOMEN | QUESTIONNAIRES | CONDOM USE | IUD | CONTRACEPTION FAILURE | ABORTION RATE | ABORTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Contraceptive Usage | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 342489 Notification |
| 28. Title: Sexual activity and hepatitis B and C virus infection among young adults after introduction of a vaccination program in an area of high endemicity. Author: Lim MK; Franceschi S; Vaccarella S; Ju YH; Oh JK; Kong HJ; Kim DI; Kim BG; Kim JI; Jung KY; Lee DS; Shin HR Source: Journal of Epidemiology. 2009;19(5):213-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND: In areas where hepatitis is endemic, little is known about the sexual transmission of HBV after introduction of an HBV vaccination program. METHODS: We used a self-administered questionnaire and serological tests for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV to examine the role of sexual activity, as well as sociodemographic status, lifestyle habits, and a history of vaccinations, transfusions, and surgery, in the transmission of HBV and HCV in Korea. The subjects were 865 female and 541 male university students (median age, 19 years; age range, 16-25). RESULTS: Overall seropositivity was 8.1% for HBsAg, 69.3% for anti-HBs, 21.3% for anti-HBc, and 0.4% for anti-HCV. Regarding HBV, 8% of the subjects were chronic carriers or had recently been infected, 22.8% were never exposed and nonvaccinated, 16.6% were exposed noncarriers, and 52.7% had most likely been vaccinated. We found a significant association between HBsAg seropositivity and history of sexual intercourse (Odds Ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.8). Students without serologic evidence of immunization against HBV were more likely to have become HBsAg-positive after becoming sexually active. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that sexual transmission does occur among adolescents and young adults who have not been vaccinated, whereas vaccination protects individuals from becoming an HBV carrier after becoming sexually active. Language: English Keywords: REPUBLIC OF KOREA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | RESPONDENTS | HEPATITIS | SEX BEHAVIOR | TRANSMISSION | VACCINATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Infections | Immunization | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 342963 |
| 29. Title: Emergency contraception: Knowledge, attitude and prescription practice among doctors in different specialties in Hong Kong. Author: Lo SS; Kok WM; Fan SY Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2009 Aug;35(4):767-74. Abstract: Aim: Few studies have evaluated doctors' knowledge, attitudes and practices as regards emergency contraception (EC). Some studies have reported inadequate knowledge, bias and wrong prescriptions by doctors. This article compares the prescription pattern, attitude and knowledge of EC in Hong Kong doctors in different specialties. Methods: Questionnaires were mailed to family physicians, obstetrician-gynecologists and doctors working in family planning clinics to ascertain their attitudes to EC. Those who provided EC described the types of EC used, whether drugs were given in advance and answered a 12-question knowledge test. Those who did not provide EC stated why. Results: A total of 443 completed questionnaires were analyzed: 70.9% of doctors agreed that the benefits of EC outweigh its risks and 61.2% agreed that doctors should discuss it with clients. Advanced provision was supported by 54.2% of doctors but reduced to 32.5% if the target client was a girl aged 16 or below. Even fewer doctors (40.2%) supported the over-the-counter sales of EC pills. In the knowledge test, family planning doctors scored 10.45 out of 12 and obstetrician-gynecologists in private practice had the lowest score of 6.08. Family planning doctors used levonorgestrel pills while private family physicians and obstetrician-gynecologists used Yuzpe. Among 352 doctors who provided EC, only 21.7% of private family physicians and 15.9% of private obstetrician-gynecologists prescribed it in advance. Conclusions: Only doctors working in family planning clinics were competent in their knowledge of emergency contraception and up to date with current practice. Although half of the doctors supported advanced provision, few implemented it. Most doctors did not support advanced provision to young girls nor the over-the-counter sales of EC pills. Language: English Keywords: HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PHYSICIANS | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | PRESCRIPTIONS | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | OBSTACLES | LEVONORGESTREL | ETHINYL ESTRADIOL | IUD | QUESTIONNAIRES | AGE FACTORS | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraceptive Agents, Estrogen | Contraceptive Methods | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 342776 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of condom use among university students in Eastern China. Author: Ma Q; Ono-Kihara M; Cong L; Pan X; Xu G; Zamani S; Ravari SM; Kihara M Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Feb;21(2):249-59. Abstract: In China the HIV epidemic has started to infiltrate into a broader population through heterosexual contact and particularly to impact young people. The purpose of this study was to identify behavioral and psychosocial correlates of condom use among Chinese university students. A self-administered questionnaire survey with cross-sectional design was conducted among all classes of undergraduate students at two universities in one municipality of Eastern China, 2003. Data obtained from 1850 sexually active students who answered the question on condom use during the previous year were used for analysis. Frequent (always/often) condom use during the previous year was reported by only about 40% of both men and women. Multivariate analysis revealed that condom use during the first sexual experience, oral contraceptive use in the previous year and higher condom self-efficacy score in both genders were potent predictors of frequent condom use, while frequent condom use was less likely practiced by men who ever had non-vaginal sex, by those with higher risk-awareness for pregnancy/HIV/sexually transmitted diseases and by women with lower scores for perceived condom benefits. Safe sex education for Chinese students should be urgently introduced and should not be limited to knowledge provision but should also address psychosocial factors, such as condom self-efficacy and gender differences adequately to effectively encourage safer behavior. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | UNIVERSITIES | YOUTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | GENDER ISSUES | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | KNOWLEDGE | SEX EDUCATION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Education | Schools | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases Document Number: 330225 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |