1.  Title: Facilitating health-enabling social contexts for youth: qualitative evaluation of a family-based HIV-prevention pilot programme. Author: Paruk Z; Petersen I; Bhana A Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):61-68. Abstract: This paper reports on a post-intervention qualitative evaluation of the pilot intervention of the AmaQhawe Family Project, in South Africa, which is a cartoon-based, manualised intervention delivered to multiple family groups over 10 sessions, aimed at preventing HIV in adolescents through strengthening the adult protective shield. Semi-structured interviews with nine women who had participated in the pilot intervention were used to understand participants' perceptions of how the family-based HIV-prevention programme had assisted in addressing the issues identified in a pre-intervention exploratory study. Analysis of the data was informed by community health psychology and social capital theory. The findings indicate that at an individual level, the women interviewed had experienced an improved sense of empowerment, both as parents and as women. They also reported increased social support for effective parenting. At a collective level, the women reported that the programme had helped them to exert better informal social controls within the community, as well as to increase their social leverage and participation in community organisations. The findings suggest that HIV interventions involving families can strengthen the adult protective shield to facilitate health-enabling social contexts for youth. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PILOT PROJECTS | PARENTS | YOUTH PROGRAMS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | COMIC BOOKS | INTERVIEWS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Child Rearing | Printed Media | Mass Media | Communication | Data Collection Document Number: 341288 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: "That is why I stopped the ART": Patients' and providers' perspectives on barriers to and enablers of HIV treatment adherence in a South African workplace programme. Author: Dahab M; Charalambous S; Hamilton R; Fielding K; Kielmann K Source: BMC Public Health. 2008 Feb 18;8:63. Abstract: As ART programmes in African settings expand beyond the pilot stages, adherence to treatment may become an increasing challenge. This qualitative study examines potential barriers to, and facilitators of, adherence to ART in a workplace programme in South Africa. We conducted key informant interviews with 12 participants: six ART patients, five health service providers (HSPs) and one human resources manager. The main reported barriers were denial of existence of HIV or of one's own positive status, use of traditional medicines, speaking a different language from the HSP, alcohol use, being away from home, perceived severity of side-effects, feeling better on treatment and long waiting times at the clinic. The key facilitators were social support, belief in the value of treatment, belief in the importance of one's own life to the survival of one's family, and the ability to fit ART into daily life schedules. Given the reported uncertainty about the existence of HIV disease and the use of traditional medicines while on ART, despite a programme emphasising ART counselling, there is a need to find effective ways to support adherence to ART even if the individual does not accept biomedical concepts of HIV disease or decides to use traditional medicines. Additionally, providers should identify ways to minimize barriers in communication with patients with whom they have no common language. Finally, dissatisfaction with clinical services, due to long waiting times, should be addressed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TREATMENT | WORKPLACE | TRADITIONAL MEDICINE | BELIEFS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Culture | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 324652 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: "Having another child would be a life or death situation for her": understanding pregnancy termination among couples in rural Bangladesh. Author: Gipson JD; Hindin MJ Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2008 Oct;98(10):1827-32. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We conducted a mixed-method study in rural southwestern Bangladesh, a country in which an estimated 730,000 elective pregnancy terminations occur each year, to explore women's and couples' motivations to terminate pregnancies. METHODS: Quantitative data derived from a 1998 cross-sectional survey and a longitudinal demographic surveillance system (1998-2003) were combined with qualitative data gathered through 84 in-depth interviews conducted with 19 couples during 2004-2005. RESULTS: Quantitative results indicated that 11% of couples reported a pregnancy termination in the study period; the rate was highest among couples who reported in 1998 that they wanted no more children (29%). Both wives' and husbands' fertility preferences independently and significantly predicted pregnancy termination. Qualitative findings showed that more than half of the participants had attempted to terminate a pregnancy at least once in their lifetime. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of collecting data from both partners and the influence of husbands' fertility preferences on reproductive decisionmaking. The prevalence of reported pregnancy terminations in our population, along with the use of informal methods in termination attempts, highlights the need for continued provision of contraceptives and access to safe and affordable pregnancy termination services in this setting. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | HIGH RISK WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COUPLES | RURAL POPULATION | ABORTION | MOTIVATION | PREGNANCY, HIGH RISK | HUSBAND-WIFE COMPARISONS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Reproduction | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Pregnancy | Comparative Studies | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 328530 Notification |
| 4. Title: From HIV prevention to reproductive health choices: HIV/AIDS treatment guidelines for women of reproductive age. Author: Stevens M Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 Nov;7(3):353-359. Abstract: In South Africa, the private sector has responded to the HIV epidemic by providing treatment in the form of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The private sector has paved the way for policy and treatment regimens, while the public sector has reviewed health-systems capacity and the political will to provide treatment. The paradigm of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) has led the way as a clear evidenced-based method of treatment and prevention in South Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, the HIV epidemic is feminised as a growing proportion of infections occurs among women or affects women. While access to HIV treatment has been contested in South Africa, women's sexual and reproductive health has been neglected. This paper is a reflection and critical review of current practice. Many HIV-positive women desire to choose to have a child, while the best choice of contraception for women on HAART is not well understood. In some areas there are reports of women being forced to accept injectable contraceptives. Some women who learn of their HIV-positive status during pregnancy may want to choose to terminate their pregnancy. There is a clear absence of HIV/AIDS-treatment guidelines for women of reproductive age, including options for HAART and options regarding fertility intentions. A range of other sexual and reproductive health areas (relevant to both the public and private health sectors) are neglected; these include depression and anxiety, violence against women, HIV-testing practices, screening for cervical cancer, and vaccination. Given the narrow focus of HAART, it is important to expand HIV treatment conceptually, by applying a broader view of the needs of working women (and men), and so contribute to better HIV prevention and treatment practices. There is a need to move from an HIV/AIDS-care maternal-health paradigm to one that embraces women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | HIV PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | WOMEN'S HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | HIV | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Policy | Planning Document Number: 341279 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Adapting a generic tuberculosis control operational guideline and scaling it up in China: a qualitative case study. Author: Wei X; Walley JD; Liang X; Liu F; Zhang X; Li R Source: BMC Public Health. 2008;8:260. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The TB operational guideline (the deskguide) is a detailed action guide for county TB doctors aiming to improve the quality of DOTS, while the China national TB policy guide is a guide to TB control that is comprehensive but lacks operational usability for frontline TB doctors. This study reports the process of deskguide adaptation, its scale-up and lessons learnt for policy implications. METHODS: The deskguide was translated, reviewed, and revised in a working group process. Details of the eight adaptation steps are reported here. An operational study was embedded in the adaptation process. Two comparable prefectures were chosen as pilot and control sites in each of two participating provinces. In the pilot sites, the deskguide was used with the national policy guide in routine in-service training and supervisory trips; while in the control sites, only the national policy guide was used. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with 16 county TB doctors, 16 township doctors, 17 village doctors, 63 TB patients and 57 patient family members. Following piloting, the deskguide was incorporated into the national TB guidelines for county TB dispensary use. RESULTS: Qualitative research identified that the deskguide was useful in the daily practice of county TB doctors. Patients in the pilot sites had a better knowledge of TB and better treatment support compared with those in the control sites. CONCLUSION: The adaptation process highlighted a number of general strategies to adapt generic guidelines into country specific ones: 1) local policy-makers and practitioners should have a leading role; 2) a systematic working process should be employed with capable focal persons; and 3) the guideline should be embedded within the current programmes so it is sustainable and replicable for further scale-up. Language: English Keywords: CHINA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | MANUAL | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | CASE STUDIES | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | OPERATIONS RESEARCH | PILOT PROJECTS | FOCUS GROUPS | PHYSICIANS | TUBERCULOSIS | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY SHORT-COURSE (DOTS) | GROUP PROCESSES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Data Collection | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Diseases | Health Services | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Social Behavior | Behavior | Education Document Number: 328461 |
6.  Title: Qualitative evaluation of tuberculin test responses in childhood tuberculosis. Author: Akhila K; Mahadevan S; Adhisivam B Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;74(7):641-644. Abstract: The objective was to study if different forms of clinical presentation of tuberculosis in children are associated with a different type of tuberculin reaction. This cross sectional study, describing Tuberculin skin testing (TST) responses in 268 children (134 cases and 134 controls) less than 12 yr of age was carried out over a period of 18 months at JIPMER, a tertiary care referral hospital in Pondicherry, India. The qualitative and quantitative TST responses in various clinical forms of Tuberculosis were analysed. Koch's and Listeria variants were more common in children with TB Lymphadenitis and Pulmonary TB respectively. 10% of the study children with TB meningitis were tuberculin negative. Qualitative TST responses are non-homogeneous among the various clinical types of childhood tuberculosis. They are not a correlate of protective immunity with little or no prognostic significance. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | CHILDREN | TUBERCULOSIS | TESTING | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Measurement | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Evaluation Document Number: 319081 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: [Reproductive health: a contribution to the evaluation of a virtual library] Saude reprodutiva: uma contribuicao para avaliacao de biblioteca virtual. Author: Alvarez MD; Cuenca AM; Noronha DP; Schor N Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2007 Oct;23(10):2317-2326. Abstract: Virtual libraries have been implemented in an attempt to organize scientific information found in the Internet, including the Biblioteca Virtual de Saude Reprodutiva (BVSR), or Virtual Library on Reproductive Health. The aim is to provide quality information to researchers in the reproductive health field. The current study evaluates the use of the BVSR, emphasizing the users' expectations, difficulties, and suggestions. The study adopted a qualitative methodology. The focus group technique was applied to Internet chat groups through which reproductive health researchers communicated. Users expressed their expectations regarding information, highlighting the lack of time and the need to quickly obtain precise data. Use of virtual libraries for research increases where there is more trust in the institutions responsible for maintaining them. Researchers suggested the following: greater dissemination of the BVSR, publication of an electronic newsletter, and creation of a communications channel between the BVSR and users in order to foster intelligent collective communication. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | FOCUS GROUPS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | LIBRARIES | INTERNET | TECHNOLOGY | INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION | INFORMATION SERVICES | INFORMATION SOURCES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Health | Information Centers | Communication | Information Networks | Economic Factors | Information Document Number: 324471 |
| 8. Title: Sexual and family planning practices and needs of people living with HIV / AIDS in Nigeria: A rapid ethnographic assessment. Author: Garko SB Source: Annals of African Medicine. 2007;6(3):124-127. Abstract: This study was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and it tries to understand their sexual and reproductive lives, with the aim of understanding what they know about reproductive health, social challenges of life they face daily and what are their needs. The study was conducted in the Northern state of Kaduna, Nigeria; a qualitative approach was employed using group interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Individual PLWHAs, their associations and officials of the associations were interviewed. People living with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHAs) are a group of people whose life has not been studied very well, they have a lot of pressing social issues such as their circumstances of diagnosis, bad experiences following the diagnosis, and lack of adequate provisions for their healthcare. They wish to see their welfare addressed with provision of drugs and social support. PLWHAs and their associations expressed concerns about how they are treated by both medical workers and the society. There is need to address these issues in the way of research aimed at changing the views of policy makers favourably. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | NEEDS | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Health | Economic Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 320304 |
| 9. Title: Nurses as providers of emotional support to patients with MDR-TB. Author: Chalco K; Wu DY; Mestanza L; Munoz M; Llaro K Source: International Nursing Review. 2006 Dec;53(4):253-260. Abstract: The aims were to identify the forms and means of emotional support that nurses provide to patients living with multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MTR-TB) in Lima, Peru. A fundamental role of nurses is to provide emotional support, defined as all the strategies that a health team employs to assure the psychosocial well-being of the patient. However, neither the forms of emotional support nor the means used by nurses in resource-poor settings have been much written about. This paper describes a qualitative study of a team of seven nurses working in a programme that provides individualized MDR-TB treatment to patients in Lima, Peru. It describes the various forms of support that facilitated the ability of patients to adhere to treatment despite socio-economic difficulties, social stigma, drug side effects, problems related to different stages of treatment and concurrent illnesses/special situations. Qualitative study methods were employed over the course of 8 years to observe nurses and patients in an MDR-TB treatment programme. These included participant observation, structured observation sessions of nurses with their patients and focus groups with seven nurses. Through theme and content analyses of qualitative data, ten situations related to MDR-TB treatment were found. These ten issues served as an analytical framework used to identify and discuss the various types of emotional support provided by both formal and informal means. This type of support focused on problems related to different stages of treatment, social stigma of the illness, treatment adherence, side effects, socio-economic difficulties, death and concurrent illnesses/special situations. The essential role of the nurse as a provider of emotional support in the development or implementation of similar programmes with MDR-TB should, in future, be taken into account. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | FOCUS GROUPS | NURSES AND NURSING | DRUG RESISTANCE | TUBERCULOSIS | EMOTIONS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | COUNSELING | TREATMENT | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Evaluation | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Infections | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation Document Number: 310340 |
| 10. Title: Comparison of a qualitative and a quantitative approach to developing a household food insecurity scale for Bangladesh. Author: Coates J; Wilde PE; Webb P; Rogers BL; Houser RF Source: Journal of Nutrition. 2006;136:1420S-1430S. Abstract: This paper compares a qualitative and a quantitative (Rasch) method of item assessment for developing the content of a food insecurity scale for Bangladesh. Data are derived from the Bangladesh Food Insecurity Measurement and Validation Study, in which researchers collected 2 rounds of ethnographic information and 3 rounds of conventional household survey data between 2001 and 2003. The qualitative method of scale development relied on content experts and respondents themselves to evaluate household food insecurity items generated through ethnographic research. The quantitative method applied the Rasch model to assess the fit of the same items using representative survey data. The Rasch model was then used to test for differential item functioning (DIF) across diverse demographic and geographic subgroups. The qualitative assessment flagged and discarded 10 items, leaving 13. The Rasch assessment of infit and outfit flagged 3 items, and the Rasch DIF test discarded another 10 items, leaving a total of 10 items in the Rasch-derived scale. The 2 scales contained 8 of the same items. The qualitatively and quantitatively derived scales were highly correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.01), and the 2 methods located 90% of households in the same food insecurity tercile. This convergence lends added confidence to the use of either scale for identifying food-insecure households in different regions of Bangladesh. Multiple methods should continue to be applied in a systematic and transparent way to lend additional credence to the results when they converge and to pinpoint directions for further clarification where they do not. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FOOD SUPPLY | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | MEASUREMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Research Methodology Document Number: 300016 |
| 11. Title: Development and validation of an experience-based measure of household food insecurity within and across seasons in northern Burkina Faso. [Développement et validation d’une méthode de mesure basée sur l’expérience de l’insécurité alimentaire des ménages pendant une saison donnée et d'une saison à l’autre dans le nord du Burkina Faso] Author: Frongillo EA; Nanama S Source: Journal of Nutrition. 2006 May;136(5):1409S-1419S. Abstract: Organizations measure household food insecurity for program design, planning, targeting, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, but existing measures often are inadequate. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to develop and validate an experienced-based measure of the access component of food insecurity in northern Burkina Faso. In-depth interviews on food insecurity were done with 10 household heads and 26 women using interview guides. We identified themes, classified households, created a table of food insecurity categories, identified items to add to or delete from an initial questionnaire, and developed and revised answer choices. A longitudinal study provided quantitative data on changes over time in household food insecurity, economic situation, and related factors. Data were collected on 126 simple and complex households from 9 villages each July and January from 2001 to 2003 (5 waves). These data allowed examination of changes in household food insecurity twice annually across the best and worst seasons for food, and evaluation of the ability of the experience-based measure to differentiate changes in household food insecurity. Validity was assessed by examining reliability and by comparing the experienced-based food insecurity measure with economic status, dietary, and anthropometric measures and with a measure created by an observer who rated the households' food insecurity. The results provide strong evidence that the food insecurity score, calculated from experience-based questionnaire items, was valid for determining seasonal differences in household food insecurity, differences among households in food insecurity at a given time, and changes in household food insecurity over time in northern rural Burkina Faso. (author's) French Abstract: Les organisations mesurent l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages dans le cadre de la conception, de la planification, du ciblage, de la mise en œuvre, de la surveillance et de l'évaluation des programmes, mais les méthode de mesures existantes sont souvent inadéquates. Des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives ont été utilisées pour développer et valider une méthode de mesure basée sur l'expérience pour évaluer l'élément d'accès dans l'insécurité alimentaire dans le nord du Burkina Faso. Des entretiens en profondeur ont été réalisés auprès de 10 chefs de familles et de 26 femmes au moyen de guides d'entretien. Nous avons identifié les thèmes, classifié les ménages, créé une tableau des catégories d'insécurité alimentaire, identifié les rubriques à ajouter ou supprimer du questionnaire initial, et développé et révisé des choix de réponse. Une étude longitudinale a fourni des données quantitative sur les changements de l'insécurité alimentaire dans la durée et sur la situation économique des ménages, ainsi que sur les facteurs connexes. Les données ont été collectées sur 126 ménages, simples et complexes, dans 9 villages, chaque juillet et janvier de 2001 à 2003 (5 vagues). Ces données ont permis d'examiner les changements au niveau de l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages, deux fois par an, lors de la meilleure et de la pire saison pour la nourriture, et d'évaluer la capacité de la méthode de mesure basée sur l'expérience à différencier les changements au niveau de l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages. La validité a été évaluée en examinant la fiabilité et en comparant la méthode de mesure de l'insécurité alimentaire basée sur l'expérience à une méthode de mesure créée par un observateur qui évaluait l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages. Les résultats apportent une preuve solide que le score d'insécurité alimentaire, calculé à partir des rubriques du questionnaire basé sur l'expérience, était valide pour déterminer les différence saisonnières au niveau de l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages, les différences entre les ménages à un moment donné et les changements en matière d'insécurité alimentaire dans la durée, dans les zones rurales du nord du Burkina Faso. (de l'auteur) Language: English Keywords: BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION | HOUSEHOLDS | FOOD SUPPLY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | SEASONAL VARIATION | MEASUREMENT | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | NUTRITION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Dynamics | Population | Research Methodology | Health Document Number: 299981 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: The Sangha Mane: The translation of an internal need into a physical space. Author: Mathrani V; Periodi V Source: Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 2006 Sep-Dec;13(3):317-349. Abstract: This article flows out of a qualitative study that examined processes associated with the construction and use of Mahila Samakhya sangha manes (literally, home of the women's groups) in seven villages in seven districts of Karnataka. We explore the idea whether possessing 'a space of one's own' is empowering. Does it help women transcend socially prescribed gender roles? Is the sangha mane a medium through which women effectively exercise citizenship? Are they able to influence their own and the lives of others in the village, through this structure? (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SUPPORT GROUPS | WOMEN'S GROUPS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | FEMALE ROLE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | GENDER ISSUES | FEMINISM | WORKSHOPS | CASTE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Interest Groups | Political Factors | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration | Education | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status Document Number: 308224 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Removing barriers to knowing HIV status: Same-day mobile HIV testing in Zimbabwe. Author: Morin SF; Khumalo-Sakutukwa G; Charlebois ED; Routh J; Fritz K Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2006 Feb 1;41(2):218-224. Abstract: We developed a mobile HIV voluntary counseling testing (VCT) strategy. Our aims were (1) to describe those using the services, (2) to assess the acceptability of such services, (3) to assess reasons for not testing previously, and (4) to compare those who used the services with those who did not to determine how to increase acceptability. We provided free anonymous mobile VCT using 2 rapid HIV tests in 12 marketplaces in Epworth and Seke, Zimbabwe. Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess motivations for and barriers to testing. A subsample of HIV testers and individuals near testing vans who declined testing (nontesters) completed a questionnaire. A total of 1099 individuals participated in mobile VCT between March 2002 and August 2003. The proportion of participants infected with HIV was 29.2%. Overall, 98.8% of participants elected to receive HIV test results the same day. Reasons for not testing previously were often logistic (eg, inconvenience of hours [25.6%] and location [20.7%] or cost [8%]). Those who used the same-day mobile testing services (testers vs. nontesters) perceived themselves at higher risk for HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8) but were less likely to have known people with HIV (AOR = 0.49) or where to get tested (AOR = 0.57). Same-day HIV testing in community settings seems to be acceptable in sub-Saharan Africa. Barriers to HIV testing are often logistic and can be overcome with community-based strategies. These strategies need to be refined to address the needs of those not using mobile testing services. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZIMBABWE | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | INTERVIEWS | ADULTS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | HIV INFECTIONS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Evaluation | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 294243 |
| 14. Title: Sex workers to pay the price: prostitution strategy is a missed opportunity [letter] Author: Ramaiah S Source: BMJ. British Medical Journal. 2006 Feb 11;332(7537):362. Abstract: The safety of sex workers in prostitution as well as the neighbourhoods where it takes place is paramount, and therefore tolerance zones seem to be a better way to achieve this objective. Like Boynton and Cusik, I am disappointed that the Home Office has missed the opportunity to consider tolerance zones in its strategy. Walsall has its own prostitution and associated problems. During the mid and late 1990s, considerable anger prevailed among the community experiencing the direct affects of prostitution. We initiated a qualitative study to obtain the views of residents and sex workers so that a robust strategy could be developed. The findings of this study surprised many as they included hitherto unknown facts. For example, more than half the sex workers and their clients were Walsall residents, which was contrary to the perception of many, that prostitution was an imported problem. This finding alone made individuals and agencies own the problem. Most community representatives and sex workers also believed that tolerance zones were the best way for safety, health, and indeed prevention. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | SUMMARY REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | SEX WORKERS | EMPLOYMENT | IMPACT | HUMAN RIGHTS | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 296869 |
| 15. Title: Migrants in the mistress's house: other voices in the "trafficking" debate. Author: Agustín L Source: Social Politics. 2005;12(1):96-117. Abstract: In this article, I alternate feminist and other theory with comments from migrants themselves. I cite only women’s testimonies, not because there are not many migrant transsexuals and men selling sex in Europe but because the deeply gendered discourse about abuse and agency is applied only to women. My purpose is not to participate in either side of the debate but to destabilize the two-sided tension by foregrounding how the women who are being discussed talk about themselves and their projects. These testimonies are not academic discourse, lend themselves to diverse interpretations, and should not be taken as representing all migrant women, all women of a particular nationality, or any other generalized group. There are some important commonalities, however. Although the cultural contexts from which women travel vary, discourses positioning them as victims or free agents are very similar. “Race” as a category does not surface as a clear determinant of experience in Europe at present, where “white” women from newly independent states and Eastern Europe are one of the largest groups of migrants selling sex. The testimonies come from women working in bars, clubs, flats, and outdoors rather than those selling sex in “high-end” conditions. The location of the migrant in any particular testimony should not be taken as her place of permanent settlement, because most of those interviewed have lived in multiple sites and even countries in Europe. Most of the translations are mine. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | CASE STUDIES | SEX WORKERS | MIGRATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | LABOR MIGRATION | FEMINISM | POLITICAL FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | SOCIAL NETWORKS | MOTIVATION | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Studies | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Psychological Factors Document Number: 286151 |
| 16. Title: Qualitative evidence on adolescents' views of sexual and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Amuyunzu-Nyamongo M; Biddlecom AE; Ouedraogo C; Woog V Source: New York, New York, Alan Guttmacher Institute [AGI], 2005 Jan. 49 p. (Occasional Report No. 16) Abstract: This qualitative study examines how young people in Sub-Saharan Africa view sexual and reproductive health issues, such as abstinence, condom use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and what they think about sources of sexual and reproductive health information and services. The data come from 55 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda in 2003. Focus groups included in- and out-of-school youth aged 14-19 who lived in rural and urban areas. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SAFER SEX | HEALTH POLICY | HIV INFECTIONS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Education | Health | Policy | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections Document Number: 289784 |
| 17. Title: Time use pattern of adolescent girls in Gujjar community. Author: Arora S; Kandara S Source: Studies of Tribes and Tribals. 2005;3(2):75-77. Abstract: Time use pattern of 30 adolescent girls in the age group of 12-15 years in Gujjar community was studied with the help of interview schedule and observation. The result revealed that adolescent Gujjar girls start doing work both indoor and outdoor after the age of 5 years. About 5 hours and 55 minutes were consumed in indoor household activities which includes cooking, serving, cleaning, washing of clothes and utensils and about 6 hours and 16 minutes were consumed in outdoor household activities which were milking, grazing, fodder cutting, collection and making of cow dung cakes and washing of animals whereas they were able to spend only 1 hour and 40 minutes for rest and they have to manage their time for sibling care and self care from this rest period only. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | TIME FACTORS | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | HOUSEWORK | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Microeconomic Factors Document Number: 305585 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Organization and staffing barriers to parent involvement in teen pregnancy prevention programs: challenges for community partnerships. Author: Flores JE; Montgomery S; Lee JW Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2005 Sep;37 Suppl 1(3):S108-S114. Abstract: The purpose was to evaluate parent involvement in a Southern California teen pregnancy prevention community partnership project. Researchers expected to find parent and family-related participation barriers similar to those described in the family support literature, which they could address with program modifications. Three phases of qualitative evaluation occurred: key informant interviews and focus groups with youth and parents; focus groups with service providers; and key informant interviews with service providers, their supervisor, and the collaborative coordinator. Theory-based, openended question guides directed the interviews and focus groups, and transcriptions were coded and themed using grounded theory methods. Parents and youth sought ways to improve connections and communication with each other, and parents welcomed parenting education from the project. Unexpectedly, the major obstacles to parent participation identified in this project were largely organizational, and included the assignment of parent involvement tasks to agencies lacking capacities to work effectively with parents, inadequate administrative support for staff, and the absence of an effective system for communicating concerns and resolving conflicts among collaborative partners. Youth serving agencies may not be the best partners to implement effective parent involvement or family support interventions. Collaborative leadership must identify appropriate partners, engender their cooperation, and support their staff to further the overall goals of the collaborative. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | OBSTACLES | COORDINATION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Evaluation | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Child Rearing | Behavior | Organization and Administration Document Number: 290132 |
| 19. Title: Patient and partner perceptions about preventing genital herpes transmission. Author: Gilbert L; Scanlon K; Peterson R; Ebel C Source: Herpes. 2005 Dec;12(3):60-65. Abstract: Research over the past decade has provided a new understanding of genital herpes transmission and measures that can reduce transmission risk. It is unclear, however, how those affected by genital herpes access and interpret this information to make decisions about risk behaviours. This study measured how people with genital herpes and their partners perceived prevention methods, barriers and facilitating factors, and information sources. Formative evaluation was conducted, and survey data were collected from visitors to four websites (n = 1849). Results suggest that the prevention messages of refraining from sex during disease outbreaks and condom use have had the greatest reach. Misconceptions about the potential role of suppressive antiviral therapy for genital herpes prevention persist among a substantial percentage of respondents. Accurate information concerning transmission between outbreaks, the effectiveness of condoms and the role of antiviral medication is critical in preventing the spread of genital herpes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | SURVEYS | FOCUS GROUPS | CLIENTS | CONDOM USE | ANTIVIRAL DRUGS | TRANSMISSION | INFECTION PREVENTION | WOMEN | HERPES GENITALIS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Evaluation | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections | Diseases | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections Document Number: 285777 |
| 20. Title: Traditional herbal remedies used in the management of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction in western Uganda. Author: Kamatenesi-Mugisha M; Oryem-Origa H Source: African Health Sciences. 2005 Mar;5(1):40-49. Abstract: The utilisation of ethnobotanical indigenous knowledge is vital in male sexual reproductive health care delivery in western Uganda. Reproductive health care is the second most prevalent health care problem in Africa. However, this concept of reproductive health care has been focusing mainly on women disregarding men. Thus, some diseases such as sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction that deserve mention are regarded as petty though important in economic productivity, family stability and sexually transmitted diseases control including HIV/AIDS. This study was carried out mainly to document medicinal plants used in the treatment of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction disorders in western Uganda. The medical ethnobotanical indigenous knowledge were collected by visiting traditional healers and documenting the medicinal plants used and other socio-cultural aspects allied with sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction. The methods used to collect the relevant information regarding the medicinal plants used included informal and formal discussions, field visits and focused semi-structured interviews. Thirty-three medicinal plants used in the management of sexual impotence and erectile dysfunction were documented and Citropsis articulata and Cola acuminata were among the highly utilized medicinal plants. From the researchers' point of view, the usage of herbal remedies in managing male sexual disorders is useful because of long cultural history of utilisation and the current renewed interest in natural products to sustain health globally. As a way recognising the values and roles of traditional medical knowledge in health care provision, further research into the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies in male sexual disorders is precious in Uganda and beyond. More so, the establishment of rapport between relevant government department in Ministry of Health, modern health workers through collaborative and networking ventures with traditional healers under close supervision and monitoring of herbal treatments is noble. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | MEN | TRADITIONAL HEALERS | IMPOTENCE | MEDICINAL PLANTS | TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTICES | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Traditional Medicine | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Genital Effects, Male | Genitalia, Male | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 301250 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Positive youth development linked with prevention in a Vietnamese American community: Successes, challenges, and lessons learned. Author: Kegler MC; Young KH; Marshall L; Bui D; Rodine S Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2005 Sep;37 Suppl 1(3):S69-S79. Abstract: The purpose was to describe a positive youth development program that was successfully designed and implemented in partnership with a Vietnamese American community and to provide insight into the types of outcomes that can result from such programs in similar communities. In-depth interviews were conducted with Vietnamese community leaders (n = 8) and youth (n = 10) who were involved in a positive youth development program in Oklahoma City. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two independent analysts. Data matrices were used to help identify major themes. Participants felt they had strengthened numerous assets as a result of involvement in the youth development program, including communication with parents or another adult, leadership skills, constructive use of free time, and positive peer influences. Some of the participants also reported establishment of a relationship with a nonparent adult, inclusion of community service in their aspirations for the future, and avoidance of high-risk behaviors owing to their involvement in the program. Both adults and youth felt that the Vietnamese community had changed its perception of youth as a result of increased involvement of young people in community service and cultural activities. Positive youth development is a promising prevention strategy that can be adapted to Vietnamese communities in the United States. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | VIETNAM | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | ASIANS | MIGRANTS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | YOUTH PROGRAMS | BEST PRACTICES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Evaluation | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Population Dynamics | Age Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 290128 |
| 22. Title: A qualitative study of the patterns of infant feeding and care in the Hinche area of Plateau Central, Haiti. [Étude qualitative sur les modes d'administration de la nourriture et des soins aux nourrissons dans la région Hinche du Plateau Central en Haïti] Author: Menon P; Ruel M; Pelto G; Yves-François; Metellus E Source: Washington, D.C., Academy for Educational Development [AED], Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project [FANTA], 2005 Feb. [31] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-98-00046-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADD-775) Abstract: The overall objective of the IFPRI-Cornell-World Vision/Haiti project is to compare, in an operational context the difference in impact and cost-effectiveness of two models for delivering integrated food and nutrition programs with a food supplementation component. The models being compared are the traditional recuperative approach and the innovative preventive approach, defined as follows: In the traditional recuperative model, children are targeted to receive food supplements based on their nutritional status measured during growth monitoring activities. Children identified as having a weight-for-age below –2SD from the median are eligible to receive food rations for a period of up to 9 months; In the preventive model, food supplements are targeted to all children younger than two years of age, irrespective of their nutritional status. In this case targeting of the food supplements is based on age only and is expected to prevent growth faltering and malnutrition, rather than curing it. (excerpt) French Abstract: L'objectif global du projet IFPRI-Cornell-World Vision/Haïti est de comparer, dans un contexte opérationnel et en termes d'impact et de rentabilité, deux modèles permettant de développer des programmes intégrant nourriture et nutrition et comportant une composante de compléments alimentaires. Les modèles faisant l'objet de cette comparaison sont l'approche curative traditionnelle et l'approche préventive plus innovatrice. Celles-ci sont définies comme suit : Dans le modèle curatif traditionnel, les enfants devant recevoir des compléments alimentaires sont ciblés en fonction de leur statut nutritionnel, qui a été calculé lors des activités de surveillance de la croissance. Les enfants dont le poids selon l'âge se situe sous le seuil de -2SD par rapport à la moyenne peuvent recevoir des rations de nourriture sur une période de 9 mois. Dans le modèle préventif, les compléments alimentaires sont destinés à tous les enfants de moins de 2 ans, quel que soit leur statut nutritionnel. Dans ce cas, les compléments alimentaires sont octroyés selon l'âge afin de prévenir la malnutrition et un ralentissement de la croissance plutôt que d'y remédier. (extrait) Language: English Keywords: HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | NUTRITION INDEXES | INTERVIEWS | MOTHERS | INFANT | INFANT HEALTH | INFANT NUTRITION | SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Nutrition | Health | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior Document Number: 291669 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Guiding the Ghana Community-based Health Planning and Services approach to scaling up with qualitative systems appraisal. Author: Nyonator F; Jones TC; Miller RA; Phillips JF; Awoonor-Williams JK Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2005;23(3):189-213. Abstract: When a Navrongo Health Research Centre experiment demonstrated that community-based health services could reduce child mortality and fertility in impoverished communities, the Government of Ghana launched the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) Initiative to scale up results. This article reports on a “Qualitative Systems Appraisal” (QSA) of factors explaining why CHPS is implemented in some districts, but stalled in others. QSA consists of groups representing levels of the service hierarchy (community members, frontline service providers, supervisors, and district managers) to portray systemic reactions to CHPS. Community members are enthusiastic about CHPS and willing to mobilize labor and resources for constructing nurse accommodations. Participating staff are supportive, but staff not yet participating are apprehensive about the program. Nurses worry about their transfer to communities; supervisors and managers worry about constrained fuel, equipment, drugs, facilities, and manpower resources. Demonstrating CHPS at functioning sites clarifies ways to bridge resource gaps, address concerns, and build consensus for the implementation process. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | PLANNING METHODOLOGY | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | HEALTH PERSONNEL | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | INTERVENTIONS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Planning | Organization and Administration | Evaluation | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Programs Document Number: 290251 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Process evaluation of a repeat pregnancy prevention program for African-American adolescent mothers. Author: O'Rourke KM; Key JD Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2005;23(3):253-262. Abstract: Process evaluation of adolescent pregnancy prevention programs provides important data which can identify program coverage, dosage, and participants’ perception of specific components. A school-based youth development peer group with integrated medical care in Charleston, South Carolina, was evaluated for specific process objectives. Quantitative measurements included enrollment and participation rates. Qualitative measurements included focus groups with participants and in-depth interviews with parents and school personnel. Overall, 95% of eligible girls participated in the project, with an average attendance of 42%. Participants found support of other teen parents beneficial and privacy concerns a barrier. Parents and school personnel viewed the program positively, and saw it as a means of providing the girls direction. This evaluation demonstrated achievement of program objectives for enrollment and participation rates and identified components contributing to program success. This evaluation method may be useful in guiding program implementation and demonstrating efficacy in conjunction with outcome evaluations. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | BLACKS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | CONTRACEPTION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Evaluation | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Family Planning | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 290253 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The influence of network mortality experience on nonnumeric response concerning expected family size: evidence from a Nepalese mountain village. Author: Sandberg J Source: Demography. 2005 Nov;42(4):737-756. Abstract: This article investigates the effects of sociometric network members’ self-reported experiences with infant mortality on nonnumeric responses regarding expected family size among women in a small Nepalese community. The hypotheses tested include (1) that uncertainty about child survival, measured as average infant mortality across social networks, increases the likelihood of a non numeric response and (2) that this effect will be stronger when there is less variance in infant mortality experience within women’s networks. The results suggest that nonnumeric response may be related to uncertainty about mortality derived through social learning. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | WOMEN | CHILD SURVIVAL | INFANT MORTALITY | FAMILY SIZE | SOCIAL NETWORKS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Friends and Relatives Document Number: 292514 |
| 26. Title: Representations of gender inequality and women's issues in Philippine feminist discourses. Author: Sobritchea CI Source: Asian Journal of Women's Studies. 2005 Jun 30;11(2):[9] p.. Abstract: The dynamic women's movements of the Philippines in Southeast Asia are composed of women from various social classes, ideological orientations, religious affiliations and occupational groups. This paper is a preliminary attempt to undertake an anthropology of feminist knowledge as I examine the representations of gender inequality, the empirical articulations of women's oppression, and their influence in the directions and dynamics of feminist theorizing. Narratives or texts about women's/ gender issues are embedded in many kinds of writing -- in research reports, creative works, in designs of development programs, in advocacy materials, training manuals and so on. I argue here that the development of many discursive sites for the interrogation of marginality has been responsible for the advances as well as drawbacks, the many bases of unity as well as tensions, among feminists in non-government organizations, in academe and in people's organizations. Narratives or texts about women's/ gender issues are embedded in many kinds of writing -- in research reports, creative works, in designs of development programs, in advocacy materials, training manuals and so on. In other words, the discourse has gone beyond feminist academic circles to include feminists in development and advocacy work. I try to provide a brief overview of the important historical events in the birth and subsequent growth of what is often referred to in feminist circles as the second wave of women's movement. This provides a useful backdrop for understanding the contents and trajectory of the many and diverse ideas put forward by Filipino feminists. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | HISTORICAL REVIEW | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | GENDER RELATIONS | INEQUALITIES | FEMINISM | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | SEX DISCRIMINATION | ADVOCACY | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POLITICAL FACTORS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Gender Issues | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Communication | Policy Document Number: 301436 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Evaluation of a home-based voluntary counselling and testing intervention in rural Uganda. Author: Wolff B; Nyanzi B; Katongole G; Ssesanga D; Ruberantwari A Source: Health Policy and Planning. 2005;20(2):109-116. Abstract: Uptake of HIV test results from an annual serosurvey of a population study cohort in rural southwestern Uganda had never exceeded 10% in any given year since inception in 1989. An intervention offering counselling and HIV results at home was conducted in four study villages following the 2001 serosurvey round, and followed by a qualitative evaluation exploring nature of demand and barriers to knowing HIV status. Data from annual serosurveys and counsellor records are analyzed to estimate the impact of the intervention on uptake of HIV test results. Textual data are analyzed from 21 focus group discussions among counsellors, and men and women who had received HIV test results, requested but not yet received, and never requested; and 34 in-depth interviews equally divided among those who had received test results either from counselling offices and homes. Offering HIV results at home significantly increased uptake of results from 10 to 37% for all adults aged 15 (p < 0.001), and 46% of those age 25 to 54. Previous male advantage in uptake of test results was effectively eliminated. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews highlight substantial non-monetary costs of getting HIV results from high-visibility public facilities prior to intervention. Inconvenience, fear of stigmatization, and emotional vulnerability of receiving results from public facilities were the most common explanations for the relative popularity of home-based voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). It is seen as less appropriate for youth and couples with conflicting attitudes toward testing. Home delivery of results revealed significantly higher demand to know HIV status than stubbornly low uptake figures from the past would suggest. Integrating VCT into other services, locating testing centres in less visible surroundings, or directly confronting stigma surrounding testing may be less expensive ways to reproduce increased uptake with home VCT. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | FOCUS GROUPS | PROVIDERS WITH CLIENTS | RURAL AREAS | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | ATTITUDES | HOME CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INTERVENTIONS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Geographic Factors | Population | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Program Evaluation Document Number: 285947 |
| 28. Title: The Mexico statement: strengthening health systems [editorial] Source: Lancet. 2004 Nov 27;364:1911-1912. Abstract: Ministerial summits often seem to be exercises in fruitless compromise. But the 60 delegations attending the Ministerial Summit on Health Research, convened by WHO and held in Mexico City last week, joined forces to mobilise around a single argument— that the present definition of health research is leading to the unnecessary death of millions of the most marginalised peoples in the world. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the global community’s moral commitment to a fairer and fitter world. Health is the most important thread running through these goals. There are pledges to reduce child mortality, improve maternal health, combat AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other diseases, and ensure safe water, decent sanitation, and food security—all by 2015. The current reckoning is that these goals will not be met in many low-income countries. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT | GOALS | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | HEALTH POLICY | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | Evaluation | Political Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Health | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 279144 |
| 29. Title: TREAT Asia special report: Expanded availability of HIV / AIDS drugs in Asia creates urgent need for trained doctors. Author: Therapeutics Research, Education, and AIDS Training in Asia [TREAT Asia]; American Foundation for AIDS Research [AmFAR] Source: Bangkok, Thailand, TREAT Asia, 2004 Jul. 28 p. Abstract: China, the most populous country in the world, has fewer than 200 trained doctors for an estimated 840,000 HIV-infected individuals. Estimates that China could face between 10 and 15 million infected individuals by 2010 point toward the tremendous challenge in training physicians to cope with the escalating epidemic. In India, which is expected to surpass South Africa in 2006 as the country with the single highest number of HIV infections in the world, there are only an estimated 500 trained doctors, or roughly one trained doctor for every 10,000 HIV-positive individuals. Dr. N. Kumarasamy of the YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education in Chennai estimates that only 25 of these doctors can be considered “fully trained” in all aspects of HIV treatment. In preparing this report, TREAT Asia consulted with top healthcare officials in 15 Asian countries and interviewed dozens of experts from governments, multilateral agencies, NGOs, and pharmaceutical and generic drug manufacturers. The network also utilized the resources of its regional clinicians and researchers to create the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of the proliferation of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and the corresponding shortage of trained healthcare workers in Asia. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PHYSICIANS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | DRUG RESISTANCE | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Evaluation | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Treatment | Management | Organization and Administration Document Number: 282106 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Changing gender roles and health impacts among female workers in export-processing industries in Sri Lanka. Author: Attanapola CT Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2004 Jun;58(11):2301-2312. Abstract: Since the economic liberalization in 1977, a large number of Sri Lankan women have entered the labour market and engaged in income-generating activities. Some women choose to travel abroad as domestic workers, while others choose to work in export-processing industries. This process has a profound impact on gender and gender roles in Sri Lanka. Young rural women have changed their traditional women’s roles to become independent daughters, efficient factory workers and partially modernized women. Even though changing gender roles are identified as a positive impact of industrial work, the new social, cultural, and legal environments of industrial work have negative impacts on these women’s lives. This paper explores health impacts of changing gender roles and practices of young rural women, focusing on the experiences of female workers in export-processing industries. Further, it contributes to the literature on gender and health, and on qualitative approaches within health geographic studies. A model is formulated to suggest a conceptual framework for studying women’s health. The model describes the determinant factors of individual health status based on the question of who (personal attributes) does what (type of work) where (place), when and how (behaviours). These are also determinant factors of gender and gender roles of a society. The three types of health problems (reproductive, productive and mental health) of a woman, in this case a female industrial worker, are determined by her gender roles and practices associated with these roles. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SRI LANKA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE EVALUATION | WOMEN | RURAL POPULATION | WORKERS | INDUSTRY | FEMALE ROLE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PRODUCTIVITY | MENTAL HEALTH | IMPACT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Evaluation | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Health | Economic Development | Communication Document Number: 191404 |
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