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Title: Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: isolating the effects of abortion in the national comorbidity survey.
Author: Coleman PK; Coyle CT; Shuping M; Rue VM
Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009 May;43(8):770-6.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between abortion history and a wide range of anxiety (panic disorder, panic attacks, PTSD, Agoraphobia), mood (bipolar disorder, mania, major depression), and substance abuse disorders (alcohol and drug abuse and dependence) using a nationally representative US sample, the national comorbidity survey. Abortion was found to be related to an increased risk for a variety of mental health problems (panic attacks, panic disorder, agoraphobia, PTSD, bipolar disorder, major depression with and without hierarchy), and substance abuse disorders after statistical controls were instituted for a wide range of personal, situational, and demographic variables. Calculation of population attributable risks indicated that abortion was implicated in between 4.3% and 16.6% of the incidence of these disorders. Future research is needed to identify mediating mechanisms linking abortion to various disorders and to understand individual difference factors associated with vulnerability to developing a particular mental health problem after abortion.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | WOMEN | ABORTION | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | ANXIETY DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | MENTAL HEALTH | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Health
Document Number: 342106 Notification

Peer Reviewed

Title: Repeat abortion: facts and issues.
Author: Das S; Adegbenro A; Ray S; Amu O
Source: Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;35(2):93-5.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The commonest reason for undertaking termination of pregnancy (TOP) in the UK is as defined by Clause 2 of the Abortion Act. There are no agreed criteria for defining 'recurrent abortion seekers'. We aimed to review the characteristics of women requesting termination of at least two consecutive pregnancies within 24 months of the first and to identify any factors for seeking repeat TOP. METHODS: The database of patients that attended our Fertility Control Services from 2001 to 2006 was evaluated. Demographic data, contraceptive use in the cycle of conception and reasons for request were assessed for possible associations with repeat TOP. RESULTS: The incidence was 2.3% as defined by our criteria. Financial circumstances was the commonest reason for seeking TOP (75%). The combined oral contraceptive pill and condom were the commonest forms of contraception in these patients before the first TOP (35% and 38%, respectively). Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was used by only 8% of women before their TOP. Although 58% accepted LARC following TOP, only 2% continued its use thereafter and 50% of women were not using any contraception at the time of the repeat TOP. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that social workers and perhaps psychologists should be part of the peri-abortion counselling team. Contraceptive counselling should emphasise the side effects of LARC to improve compliance. Follow-up to ensure compliance and involvement of partners in decision-making could help to reduce the incidence of repeat TOP.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ABORTION | CONTRACEPTION TERMINATION | USER COMPLIANCE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | COUNSELING | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Contraception | Behavior | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341653

Title: Evaluation of psychological support for victims of sexual violence in a conflict setting: results from Brazzaville, Congo.
Author: Hustache S; Moro MR; Roptin J; Souza R; Gansou GM
Source: International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2009 Apr 1;3(7):1-10.
Abstract: Background: Little is known about the impact of psychological support in war and transcultural contexts and in particular, whether there are lasting benefits. Here, we present an evaluation of the late effect of post-rape psychological support provided to women in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Methods: Women who attended the M�decins Sans Fronti�res program for sexual violence in Brazzaville during the conflict were selected to evaluate the psychological consequences of rape and the late effect of post-rape psychological support. A total of 178 patients met the eligibility criteria: 1) Women aged more than 15 years; 2) raped by unknown person(s) wearing military clothes; 3) admitted to the program between the 1/1/2002 and the 30/4/2003; and 4) living in Brazzaville. Results: The initial diagnosis according to DSM criteria showed a predominance of anxious disorders (54.1%) and acute stress disorders (24.6%). One to two years after the initial psychological care, 64 women were evaluated using the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ), the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF) and an assessment scale to address medico-psychological care in emergencies (EUMP). Two patients (3.1%) met the needed criteria for PTSD diagnosis from the TSQ. Among the 56 women evaluated using GAF both as pre and post-test, global functioning was significantly improved by initial post-rape support (50 women (89.3%) had extreme or medium impairment at first post-rape evaluation, and 16 (28.6%) after psychological care; p = 0.04). When interviewed one to two years later, the benefit was fully maintained (16 women (28.6%) presenting extreme or medium impairment). Conclusion: We found the benefits of post-rape psychological support to be present and lasting in this conflict situation. However, we were unable to evaluate all women for the long-term impact, underscoring the difficulty of leading evaluation studies in unstable contexts. Future research is needed to validate these findings in other settings.
Language: English
Keywords:
REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | CLIENTS | WOMEN | WAR | RAPE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE | SCREENING | EMOTIONS | CARE AND SUPPORT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Behavior | Aggression | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 340204

Peer Reviewed

Title: Psychological and behavioural factors associated with sexual risk behaviour among Slovak students.
Author: Kalina O; Geckova AM; Jarcuska P; Orosova O; van Dijk JP; Reijneveld A
Source: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jan 13;9(15):[10] p.
Abstract: Knowledge about the prevalence of sexual risk behaviour (SRB) in adolescence is needed to prevent unwanted health consequences. Studies on SRB among adolescents in Central Europe are rare and mostly rely on a single indicator for SRB. This study aims to assess the association of behavioural and psychological factors with three types of SRB in adolescents in Central Europe. We obtained data on behavioural factors (having been drunk during previous month, smoking during previous week, early sexual initiation), psychological factors (self-esteem, wellbeing, extroversion, neuroticism, religiousness), and SRB (intercourse under risky conditions, multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use) in 832 Slovak university students (response 94.3%). Among those with sexual experience (62%), inconsistent condom use was the most prevalent risk behaviour (81% in females, 72% in males). With the exception of having been drunk in males, no factor was associated with inconsistent condom use. Regarding the other types of SRB, early sexual initiation was most strongly associated. In addition, other, mostly behavioural, factors were associated, in particular having been drunk. Results suggest that behavioural factors are more closely related to SRB than psychological factors. Associations differ by type of SRB and gender but offer few clues to target risk groups for inconsistent condom use. Results show a high need for health-promotion programmes in early adolescence that target SRB in conjunction with other health risk behaviours such as alcohol abuse.
Language: English
Keywords:
SLOVAKIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREVALENCE | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | KNOWLEDGE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | SELF ESTEEM | RELIGION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Behavior | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 329530

7.
Title: The effects of hormonal contraception.
Author: Kent A
Source: Reviews In Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Winter;2(1):66.
Abstract: There are many claims made about the beneficial effects of hormonal contraceptives other than their ability to prevent pregnancy. Studies have tracked women's responses to oral contraceptives (OCs) or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), but few have taken into account the woman's entry status or baseline symptoms, and fewer still have looked at control groups on nonhormonal contraception. Another problem has been the duration of follow-up, which should be longer than 1 year to properly assess the steady state of a changed hormonal environment. A study by Berenson and colleagues deals with the issues of baseline status and prolonged use in a series of women using injectable DMPA and low-dose OCs (typically 20 microg estrogen-containing pills). The first important finding was that symptoms are common in the absence of contraceptive use, such as acne, cyclical mastalgia, cramping, and mood swings. They found these symptoms improved on sustained use of OCs compared with control groups, and therewas no evidence that depression was a problem, despite lowered mood being a commonly quoted negative effect among those prescribing OCs. The most frequent side effect was intermenstrual bleeding with OCs and an increased risk of bleeding for more than 20 days, amenorrhea, weight gain, and loss of energy and libido on DMPA. Most of these effects resolved after 6 months and almost all resolved by 12 months, with amenorrheaic women often welcoming the side effect. Finally, the researchers found that women were not clearly informed of the potential side effects, or of their resolution with ongoing use. They recommend careful counseling about what to expect and more frequent follow-up after initiation to provide reassurance or a change to another method if required. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | INJECTABLES | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PHYSIOLOGY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, SIDE EFFECTS | DEPO-PROVERA | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, LOW-DOSE | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, ESTROGEN | METRORRHAGIA | ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE | BREAST CANCER | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Biology | Contraceptive Agents | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate | Contraceptive Agents, Progestin | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Oral Contraceptives | Bleeding | Signs and Symptoms | Diseases | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Cancer | Neoplasms
Document Number: 331284

Title: Comprehensive care and HIV prophylaxis after sexual assault in rural South Africa: the Refentse intervention study.
Author: Kim JC; Askew I; Muvhango L; Dwane N; Abramsky T; Jan S; Ntlemo E; Chege J; Watts C
Source: BMJ. 2009;338:b515.
Abstract: PROBLEM: Although international guidelines specify the central role of the health sector in providing comprehensive care, including HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), after sexual assault, in both industrialised and developing countries there are many challenges to providing timely and comprehensive services. DESIGN: A nurse driven model of post-rape care was integrated into existing hospital services; the before and after study design evaluated impacts on quality of care, reviewing 334 hospital charts and conducting interviews with 16 service providers and 109 patients. SETTING: 450 bed district hospital in rural South Africa. KEY MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT: Quality of care after rape (forensic history and examination, provision of emergency contraception, prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections, referrals); provision of HIV counselling and testing and provision and completion of full 28 day course of PEP; and service utilisation (number of service providers seen on first visit and number of rape cases presenting to hospital per month). STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE: After completing baseline research, we introduced a five part intervention model, consisting of a sexual violence advisory committee, hospital rape management policy, training workshop for service providers, designated examining room, and community awareness campaigns. Effect of change Existing services were fragmented and of poor quality. After the intervention, there were considerable improvements in clinical history and examination, pregnancy testing, emergency contraception, prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections; HIV counselling and testing, PEP, trauma counselling, and referrals. Completion of the 28 day course of PEP drugs increased from 20% to 58%. LESSONS LEARNT: It is possible to improve the quality of care after sexual assault, including HIV prophylaxis, within a rural South African hospital at modest cost, using existing staff. With additional training, nurses can become the primary providers of this care.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | INTERVIEWS | RURAL AREAS | CLIENTS | HEALTH FACILITIES | HEALTH SERVICES | HIV TESTING | COUNSELING | RAPE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PROGRAM DESIGN | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Clinic Activities | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Behavior
Document Number: 330914

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adjustment to termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: a longitudinal study in women at 4, 8, and 16 months.
Author: Korenromp MJ; Page-Christiaens GC; van den Bout J; Mulder EJ; Visser GH
Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Aug;201(2):160.e1-7.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied psychological outcomes and predictors for adverse outcome in 147 women 4, 8, and 16 months after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a longitudinal study with validated self-completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Four months after termination 46% of women showed pathological levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms, decreasing to 20.5% after 16 months. As to depression, these figures were 28% and 13%, respectively. Late onset of problematic adaptation did not occur frequently. Outcome at 4 months was the most important predictor of persistent impaired psychological outcome. Other predictors were low self-efficacy, high level of doubt during decision making, lack of partner support, being religious, and advanced gestational age. Strong feelings of regret for the decision were mentioned by 2.7% of women. CONCLUSION: Termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly has significant psychological consequences for 20% of women up to > 1 year. Only few women mention feelings of regret.
Language: English
Keywords:
NETHERLANDS | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | WOMEN | POSTABORTION | POSTABORTION CARE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | STRESS | DEPRESSION | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | DECISION MAKING | IMPACT | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Reproduction | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Communication
Document Number: 342609

10.

11.
Title: Nurses in abortion care: identifying and managing stress.
Author: Lipp A; Fothergill A
Source: Contemporary Nurse. 2009 Feb;31(2):108-20.
Abstract: The psychological impact of abortion on the women undergoing the procedure is well researched, but little is known about the potential psychological impact on nurses working in abortion care. The proportion of medical abortions in the UK is rising compared to surgical abortions. A recent research study found that being more directly involved in the procedure places more emotional demands on the nurses. This emotional labour required by nurses working in abortion care may increase their stress levels. This paper examines the potential increase in stress in nurses caused by medical abortions. A model of stress comprising stressors, moderators and stress outcomes was used as a framework for this examination. Research on abortion and mental health nursing was applied to managing stress in abortion care; this included coping mechanisms, prevention and intervention strategies. This showed that stress, burnout and coping are important issues in abortion care. On this basis, recommendations for practice have been formulated to inform practice for nurses and managers in abortion care.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | NURSES AND NURSING | ABORTION | STRESS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior
Document Number: 342255 Notification

12.
Title: Termination of pregnancy: a review of psychological effects on women.
Author: Lipp A
Source: Nursing Times. 2009 Jan 13-19;105(1):26-9.
Abstract: Termination of pregnancy may have psychological consequences that are greater than its physical impact. Following a literature search and appraisal, this article explores some of the main themes arising from studies on the psychological impact. The results demonstrate that negative psychological effects are more likely in certain high-risk women. A table of indicators has been developed which could assist nurses in recognising whether a woman is at risk of negative psychological effects after termination.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | ABORTION | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | EMOTIONS | RISK FACTORS | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Behavior | Health
Document Number: 341114 Notification

13.

Title: The phenomenology of bodily care: caregivers' experiences with AIDS patients before antiretroviral therapies in Lesotho.
Author: Makoae MG
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009 Apr;8(1):17-27.
Abstract: This study provides an account of caregivers' experiences with the bodily care of AIDS patients before antiretroviral therapies were available in the public health sector in Lesotho. It describes the mechanisms through which the body may become a stressor in caregiving. The phenomenological method, guided by the notion of epoch�, was used to understand caregiving experiences from the perspective of family caregivers. Data on caregivers' physical activities and what they saw and thought were collected through in-depth interviews with 21 caregivers (mostly females); the caregivers were identified with the help of HIV/AIDS counsellors at two hospitals where AIDS patients received medical treatment. The thematic analysis shows that a patient's body was central in caregiving experiences. Social interaction in caregiving was mediated through seeing and touching the bodies of the patients. The different aspects of caregiving and the close interaction with the body of an ill family member - especially seeing major changes in the patient's physical appearance, their declined capacity to perform the activities of daily living, and discovering the symptoms of their illness - contributed to the caregivers' experiences of sympathy and pain. The social meanings and boundaries that tended to persist regarding touching and accessing others' bodies and bodily matter also contributed to the caregivers' stress.
Language: English
Keywords:
LESOTHO | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | CARE AND SUPPORT | HOME CARE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | STRESS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior
Document Number: 341284

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The role of religion in HIV-positive women's disclosure experiences and coping strategies in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Author: Maman S; Cathcart R; Burkhardt G; Omba S; Behets F
Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Mar;68(5):965-70.
Abstract: Literature from the U.S. has documented the importance of spirituality on the psychological health of people living with HIV/AIDS; however there is little published data on the ways in which people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa turn to religion for support. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with HIV-positive women who were pregnant or had recently given birth in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo to inform the development of a comprehensive family-centered HIV treatment and care program. Women described how they relied upon their faith and turned to church leaders when they were diagnosed with HIV and prepared to share their diagnosis with others. The women used prayer to overcome the initial shock, sadness and anger of learning their HIV diagnosis. They turned to their church leaders to help them prepare for disclosing their diagnosis to others, including their partners. Church leaders were also important targets for disclosure by some women. Women's faith played an important role in their long-term coping strategies. Conceptualizing their infection as a path chosen by God, and believing that God has the power to cure their infection comforted women and provided them with hope. In settings like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where there is a strong foundation of faith, we need to recognize how individuals draw upon their different health belief systems in order to develop and implement coherent and effective prevention, treatment and care strategies.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | URBAN POPULATION | PREGNANT WOMEN | INFLUENTIALS | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | HIV INFECTIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | RELIGIOUS ASPECTS | LEADERSHIP | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Puerperium | Reproduction | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Interpersonal Relations | Behavior | Religion | Sociocultural Factors | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341170

15.

Title: Silent suffering. The psychosocial impact of war, HIV and other high-risk situations on girls and boys in West and Central Africa. Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroon, Burkina Faso and Togo.
Author: Morgan J; Behrendt A
Source: Woking, United Kingdom, Plan. 2009. 60 p.
Abstract: The regions of West and Central Africa are home to an ever-growing number of children who live on the streets, who are trafficked and exploited as cheap labor, who are neglected or sexually abused, or who are forced into combat in a civil war. To learn more about the impact of these circumstances on children, researchers conducted a study in which they interviewed more than 1,000 children and adolescents in Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Togo, and Cameroon. The study also included an intervention component for children who were determined to be in critical situations.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | INTERVIEWS | STUDY DESIGN | YOUTH | CHILDREN | WAR | PHYSICAL ABUSE | HUMAN TRAFFICKING | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | MENTAL HEALTH | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | IMPACT | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Violence | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Health | Communication
Document Number: 331378

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Discussing matters of sexual health with children: what issues relating to disclosure of parental HIV status reveal.
Author: Nam SL; Fielding K; Avalos A; Gaolathe T; Dickinson D; Geissler PW
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Mar;21(3):389-95.
Abstract: Little is published about the disclosure of parents' own HIV status to their children in Africa. Research shows that keeping family secrets from children, including those related to a parent's HIV status, can be detrimental to their psychological well-being and to the structure of the family. Further, children with HIV-positive parents have been shown to be more vulnerable to poorer reproductive health outcomes. This qualitative study in Botswana conducted in-depth interviews among 21 HIV-positive parents on antiretroviral therapy. The data revealed that parents found discussing the issue of HIV with children difficult, including disclosing their own HIV status to them. Reasons for disclosing included: children being HIV positive, the rest of the family knowing, or the parent becoming very sick. Reasons for not disclosing included: believing the child to be too young, not knowing how to address the issue of HIV, that it would be "too painful" for the child/ren. Concern that other people might find out about their status or fear of children experiencing stigmatising behaviour. Interviews elucidated the difficulty that parents have in discussing their own HIV status and more general sexual health issues with their children. Parents and other guardians require support in managing age-appropriate disclosure to their children. This may further enable access to forums that can help children cope with their fears about the future and develop life skills in preparation for dealing with relationships of a sexual nature and sexual health as children move into adulthood. In developing such support mechanisms, changing family roles in Botswana need to be taken into consideration and the role of other family members in the upbringing of children in Tswana society need to be recognised and utilised.
Language: English
Keywords:
BOTSWANA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PARENTS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | NOTIFICATION | INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION | INTERVIEWS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | FEAR | STIGMA | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV | Political Factors | Communication | Data Collection | Behavior | Emotions | Social Problems
Document Number: 341827

17.

Title: Good women, martyrs, and survivors: a theoretical framework for South Asian women's responses to partner violence.
Author: Pinnewala P
Source: Violence Against Women. 2009 Jan;15(1):81-105.
Abstract: This article analyzes select psychological and social models to provide a new theoretical framework for South Asian women subjected to partner violence. It focuses on women's help-seeking behaviors and efforts to end violence. Analysis of the stress-coping paradigm, the ecological model, and the transtheoretical approach indicates the possibility of integrating their core constructs of cognitive, contextual, and process elements to provide a culturally relevant model for South Asia. Each model is reviewed from a Sri Lankan clinical perspective to discuss its relevance to South Asian women's experience with, and responses to, violence. This initial theoretical framework will need to undergo further comprehensive theorizing and rigorous empirical testing in different South Asian countries to assess its validity.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHERN | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | CASE STUDIES | COUPLES | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | COUNSELING | VALIDITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PHYSICAL ABUSE | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Measurement | Behavior | Violence
Document Number: 340219

18.
Title: Symptoms and quality of life of people living with HIV infection in Puerto Rico.
Author: Rivero-Mendez M; Portillo C; Solis-Baez SS; Wantland D; Holzemer WL
Source: Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal. 2009 Mar;28(1):54-9.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: People living with HIV infection are confronted with physical and psychological symptoms that impact their quality of life. This study explored the symptom experience of people living with HIV infection in Puerto Rico and its correlation with quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to survey 44 men, women, and transgender people living with HIV infection. Measures included a demographic questionnaire, sign and symptom checklist, and a quality of life instrument. RESULTS: The sample was 50% male with a mean age of 42.1 years; the participants had been living with HIV infection an average for 9.8 years. The top five symptoms reported by the sample included: muscle aches (81.8%), depression (77.2%), weakness (70.5%), fear/worries (70.5), and difficulty concentrating (65.9%). Symptom frequency was significantly related to four dimensions of quality of life: overall function (r = -0.58), life satisfaction (r = -0.59), health worries (r = 0.32) and HIV medication worries (r = 0.59). The symptom experience was not related to financial worries, disclosure worries, or sexual functioning. Individuals who reported taking HIV medications reported significantly fewer symptoms than those not taking HIV medications (t = 3.061, df=42, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that people living with HIV infection in Puerto Rico experience a wide array of physical and psychological symptoms and that these symptoms have a correlation with their perceived quality of life. Better management of symptoms may have an impact on perceived quality of life for people living with HIV infection.
Language: English
Keywords:
PUERTO RICO | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | EVALUATION INDEXES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | QUALITY OF LIFE | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | HIV INFECTIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | DEPRESSION | PAIN | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Caribbean | Americas | Developed Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Behavior | Population | Health | Mental Disorders | HIV
Document Number: 341065

19.

Title: Benefits and risks of stavudine therapy for HIV-associated neurologic complications in Uganda.
Author: Sacktor N; Nakasujja N; Skolasky RL; Robertson K; Musisi S; Ronald A; Katabira E; Clifford DB
Source: Neurology. 2009 Jan 13;72(2):165-70.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency of HIV dementia in a recent study of HIV+ individuals at the Infectious Disease Institute in Kampala, Uganda, was 31%. Coformulated generic drugs, which include stavudine, are the most common regimens to treat HIV infection in Uganda and many other parts of Africa. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits and risks of stavudine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-associated cognitive impairment and distal sensory neuropathy. The study compared neuropsychological performance changes in HIV+ individuals initiating HAART for 6 months and HIV- individuals receiving no treatment for 6 months. The risk of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy as a result of the initiation of stavudine-based HAART was also examined. METHODS: At baseline, 102 HIV+ individuals in Uganda received neurologic, neuropsychological, and functional assessments; began HAART; and were followed up for 6 months. Twenty-five HIV- individuals received identical clinical assessments and were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: In HIV+ individuals, there was improvement in verbal memory, motor and psychomotor speed, executive thinking, and verbal fluency. After adjusting for differences in sex, HIV+ individuals demonstrated significant improvement in the Color Trails 2 test (p = 0.025) compared with HIV- individuals. Symptoms of neuropathy developed in 38% of previously asymptomatic HIV+ patients after initiation of the stavudine-based HAART. CONCLUSIONS: After the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including stavudine, HIV+ individuals with cognitive impairment improve significantly as demonstrated by improved performance on a test of executive function. However, peripheral neurotoxicity occurred in 30 patients, presumably because of stavudine-based HAART, suggesting the need for less toxic therapy.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS | COMPLICATIONS | AIDS | MENTAL DISORDERS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | TOXICITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Central Nervous System | Physiology | Biology | HIV | Behavior
Document Number: 330235

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reasons for ineffective contraceptive use antedating adolescent pregnancies part 1: an indicator of gaps in family planning services.
Author: Sheeder J; Tocce K; Stevens-Simon C
Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2009 May;13(3):295-305.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Identify new ways to increase the impact of pregnancy prevention interventions on the number of children born to adolescents. METHODS: The study participants, a racially/ethnically diverse group of 1,568, pregnant 13-18 year olds, reported why they had not used contraception at the time of conception. Their explanations were sorted into categories. The frequency with which each category was endorsed, the stability of these endorsements (Kappa statistic), and differences between adolescents who endorsed each category (stepwise logistic regression) were examined at two points in gestation. RESULTS: "Not ready to prevent pregnancy" was the most frequently endorsed category; it was often the only category endorsed. Logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception were the least frequently endorsed categories. The reasons individual patients gave for not using contraception changed (K < or = 0.4) during gestation. Yet, adolescents who were not ready to prevent conception consistently differed from those who were; they were more apt to be Hispanic, to live in non-chaotic environments with an adult father of the child rather than their parents, and to have goals compatible with adolescent childbearing. CONCLUSIONS: The most expedient way to strengthen the impact of pregnancy prevention programs on adolescent childbearing is to shift the focus of intervention from overcoming logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception, to helping young women develop goals that make adolescent childbearing a threat to what they want in life. This means intervening actively enough to ensure that goal setting translates into an internal desire to postpone childbearing beyond adolescence.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | LIVING ARRANGEMENTS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 342485

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Loneliness, social support and family function of people living with HIV/AIDS in Anhui rural area, China.
Author: Sun YH; Sun L; Wu HY; Zhang ZK; Wang B; Yu C; Cao HY
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Apr;20(4):255-8.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate how loneliness was associated with social support and family function among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in an HIV-stricken area of China. Two hundred and nineteen PLWHA were surveyed using the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles)-Loneliness Scale, the Social Support Rate Scale and the Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve) Index. The results indicated that the majority (84.5%) of PLWHA had moderate to high levels of loneliness, with a mean score of 47.62 and a standardized score of 59.53. The level of loneliness was significantly different in subjects' occupations, but not in other sociodemographic variables. Social support, family function and all dimensions except utilizations of support were significantly negatively associated with loneliness. Multiple regression revealed that less social support and poor family function were associated with more loneliness. In conclusion, loneliness prevails among PLWHA. It may limit PLWHA's ability or access to social relationship. These findings support the hypothesis that if PLWHA are better supported and cared for, their negative psychosocial consequences might be prevented or at least reduced.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | RURAL AREAS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SUPPORT GROUPS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | FAMILY LIFE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Networks | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 341594

22.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The International Classification of Function Disability and Health (ICF) in adults visiting the HIV outpatient clinic at a regional hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Author: Van As M; Myezwa H; Stewart A; Maleka D; Musenge E
Source: AIDS Care. 2009 Jan;21(1):50-8.
Abstract: In 2005, 16.6% of South Africans between 15 and 49 years of age were HIV positive. The advent of anti-retroviral therapy has led to improved longevity, CD4 counts and clinical well-being of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Physical impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions of PLWHA have profound effects on the Health-related Quality of Life and functional abilities of those with the disease, and understanding thereof may assist in the formulation of rehabilitation protocols, health care interventions as well as vocational and legislative policies. The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) is a standardised tool, endorsed by the World Health Assembly for international use, which aims to classify functioning and disability. It is structured to assess body functions and structure, functional activities and associated personal and environmental factors.This study aimed to develop a profile of the level of functional activity, using the ICF Checklist, of an urban cohort of 45 South African individuals who are HIV positive attending an outpatient clinic at the Helen Joseph Memorial Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa. The results showed a high prevalence of physical impairments, participation restrictions and selective activity limitations and that environmental factors influence their level of ability. Specific impairments where patients had problems were mental functions (69% (n=31), sensory and pain -- 71% (n=32), digestive and metabolic functions 45% (n=20) and neuromuscular 27% (n=12). Activity limitations included major life areas' 58% (n=26), interpersonal relationships 56% (n=25), mobility 40% (n=18) and general tasks and demands 38% (n=17). Limitations in mobility were significantly associated with problems of sensory functions (p=0.05), pain (p=0.006), neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions (p=0.006), muscle power (p=0.006) as well as energy and drive functions (p=0.001). The study identifies the level of function and ability of PLWHA, clinical markers, and how these affect the physical, psychological and social functioning of this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | OBSTACLES | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | QUALITY OF LIFE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Organization and Administration | Social Welfare | Economic Factors
Document Number: 331212

23.

Title: Association of sexual intercourse with psychological suppression and copying modes for vocational school students.
Author: Wang L; Wang XJ; Tu XW; Lou CH; Gao E
Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception. 2009 Jun;20(2):101-112.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the association of sex behavior with sexual related psychological suppression and coping modes among students in three vocational schools in Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 368 grade one students from three vocational schools in a district of Shanghai, with Computer Assisted Self-Interview (CASI). The field work began in the April, 2003 for a baseline survey, and completed in the December, 2003. Data on students� sexual intercourse, sexual related psychological suppression and psychological coping modes, and communication with parents were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to adjust the potential confounding factors. Results After controlling for demographic factors, adolescents with middle or high scores of active psychological coping strategies on sexual related events were less likely to have sexual intercourse (OR adj=0.48. 95%CI=0.30-0.77 and ORadj=0.49, 95%CI=0.30-0.83, respectively), while association between psychological suppression on sex related events and sexual intercourse was not statistically significant (ORadj=0.93, 95%CI=0.63-1.37); sexual related psychological suppression and active coping modes were positively associated with adolescents� communicating with parents for 2-7h/week about school things, but negatively associated with parents� open attitudes towards heterosexual contacts and talking sex related things with others. Conclusion Vocational school students with active psychological coping strategies on sexual related events were less likely to engage in sexual intercourse, so interventions focus on reducing unprotected sexual behaviors should target on psychological coping modes skills training.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | STUDENTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SEXUALITY | SEX BEHAVIOR | ANXIETY DISORDERS | SEXUAL INTERCOURSE | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Education | Behavior | Personality | Reproduction | Child Rearing
Document Number: 339902

24.
Title: The prebereavement psychological needs of AIDS-affected adolescents in Uganda.
Author: Withell B
Source: International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2009 Mar;15(3):128-33.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents who live with dying parents are recognized as vulnerable but research into their psychological needs is limited. AIM: A small qualitative retrospective study was undertaken in Uganda to gain insight into the prebereavement experiences of AIDS-affected adolescents. METHOD: Unstructured interviews with ten parentally-bereaved adolescents were conducted and recorded. Following transcription, the narrative data were thematically analysed. FINDINGS: The adolescents' level of awareness concerning the parent's illness affected their psychological needs. Four variations of awareness were identified and then categorized as concealed reality, disguised reality, discerned reality and disclosed reality. CONCLUSION: Most adolescents discerned that their parent was dying as the illness advanced, but they remained psychologically isolated and unprepared. Disclosure is advocated but must include ongoing emotional support and future care arrangements.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | ADOLESCENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 342235

25.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Formative study to develop the Eban treatment and comparison interventions for couples.
Author: NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial for African American Couples Group
Source: JAIDS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008 Sep 1;49 Suppl 1:S42-51.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe formative and pilot-testing research that generated themes and procedures, curricula, and critical measures for a randomized clinical trial testing a Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-serodiscordant African American couples (Project Eban). DESIGN: This article describes the themes that emerged from discussions with African American serodiscordant couples about HIV-related risks from focus groups with 11 couples and pilot study results with 32 couples across 4 sites. METHODS: In step 1, focus groups examined the need for a Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-serodiscordant African American couples and confirmed 4 themes that formed the basis for the intervention curriculum and study format. In step 2, a pilot study refined the clinical trial procedures for this population and tested critical measures and selected portions of the curriculum for both the treatment and the comparison interventions. RESULTS: Based on these findings, stigma and psychological distress, barriers to condom use, insufficient support from community and service organizations, and the lack of skills that emphasize individual and relationship protection were ultimately integrated into the Risk Reduction Intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Pilot study findings highlighted the importance of examining gender and ethnicity in HIV-impacted couples along with factors that heightened HIV-related risk behaviors that affect couples' skills and psychological adjustment. The goal was to ensure that a skill-based, culturally congruent, relationship-centered intervention could be understood and of interest to couples. Future analyses in the main trial will be discussed.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | PILOT PROJECTS | CLINICAL TRIALS | COUPLES | BLACKS | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | STIGMA | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | CONDOM USE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | CULTURE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Studies | Clinical Research | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Problems
Document Number: 328590

26.

Title: A comparison of the health of older hispanics in the United States and Mexico: Methodological challenges.
Author: Angel RJ; Angel JL; Hill TD
Source: Journal of Aging and Health. 2008 Feb;20(1):3-31.
Abstract: This study compares various dimensions of physical and emotional health between older Mexican-origin individuals in the United States and in Mexico. The samples are drawn from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the Hispanic Established Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) and include 3,875 Mexican residents with no history of residence in the United States and 2,734 Mexican-origin individuals 65 and older who live in the southwestern United States. Both immigrant and native-born Mexican-origin elders in the United States report more chronic conditions than elderly Mexicans, but they report fewer symptoms of psychological distress. Longer residence in the United States is associated with higher body mass index scores. The discussion addresses the possibility that access to care influences reports of diagnosed conditions and touches on issues of comparability in cross-cultural research and the difficulty in clearly distinguishing cultural and system-level factors in the productionand measurement of health. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | MEXICO | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | HISPANICS | ADULTS | OLDER ADULTS | IMMIGRANTS | NATIVE-BORN | HEALTH | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | CHRONIC DISEASES | STRESS | CULTURE | LANGUAGE | HEALTH INSURANCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Nationality | Behavior | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Financial Activities | Economic Factors
Document Number: 324411

27.

Title: The state of female youth in northern Uganda: Findings from the Survey of War-Affected Youth (SWAY) Phase II.
Author: Annan J; Blattman C; Carlson K; Mazurana D
Source: [Medford, Massachusetts], Tufts University, Feinstein International Center, 2008 Apr. [109] p.
Abstract: The Survey for War Affected Youth (SWAY) is a research program dedicated to evidence-based humanitarian aid and development. SWAY employs new data, tools, and analysis to improve the design and targeting of protection, assistance, and reintegration programs for youth in northern Uganda. Youth have been both the primary victims and the primary actors in the protracted war between the Government of Uganda (GoU) and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). It is not clear, however, exactly who is suffering, how much, and in what ways. We also have little sense of the magnitude, incidence, and nature of the violence, trauma, and suffering of youth in northern Uganda. Our understanding of the effects of war on women and girls is especially lacking, whether they abducted or impacted in other ways. Government and NGO officials admit that they have little sense of the true scale of the problems facing young women and the proportion of females facing particular vulnerabilities. As a result, programming is based on immediate and observable needs and possibly erroneous assumptions about who requires assistance and what assistance they need. Likewise, with only rough measures of well-being available, targeting of services has been crude. The overarching purpose of SWAY is to work with service providers to generate better evidence-based programming. This report begins with a section describing methodology, before proceeding to theme-focused sections. As peace talks being brokered by the Government of Southern Sudan offer the prospect of an end to one of Africa's longest conflicts, we conclude by offering specific recommendations to the GoU and international and local agencies operating in northern Uganda. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | TECHNICAL REPORT | SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | WAR | VIOLENCE | STRESS | LONGTERM EFFECTS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | LIVELIHOOD | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | MENTAL HEALTH | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | RECOMMENDATIONS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Migration | Population Dynamics | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Time Factors | Resources | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Evaluation
Document Number: 327510

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Vaginal practices: eroticism and implications for women�s health and condom use in Mozambique.
Author: Bagnol B; Mariano E
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2008 Aug;10(6):573-585.
Abstract: This paper analyses two female sexual practices in Tete Province, Mozambique: (1) the practice of elongating the labia minora and (2) what is sometimes called 'dry sex' involving the insertion of natural and/or synthetic products into the vagina or the ingestion of these products orally. These practices are fundamental to the construction of female identity, eroticism and the experience of pleasure. Notions such as 'closed/open', 'dry/damp', 'hot/cold', 'heavy/light', 'life/death', 'wealth/ poverty' and 'sweet/not sweet' are central to local understandings of sexual practices and reproduction. These notions may affect the women's sexual health because they influence preferences for sex without a condom. These practices may also be associated with the alteration of the vaginal flora and vaginal lesions that may make women more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
MOZAMBIQUE | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEX BEHAVIOR | WOMEN'S HEALTH | CONDOM USE | VAGINA | CULTURE | FEMALE ROLE | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | LANGUAGE | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | REPRODUCTION | VAGINAL ABNORMALITIES | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Behavior | Health | Risk Reduction Behavior | Genitalia, Female | Genitalia | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Communication | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Diseases
Document Number: 327792

30.
Title: [Voluntary pregnancy termination over the first trimester. A five-year observation] Interruzione volontaria di gravidanza oltre il primo trimestre. Cinque anni di
Author: Bastianelli C; Carrara S; D'Andrea G; Filippi V; Farris M
Source: Minerva Ginecologica. 2008 Oct;60(5):383-7.
Abstract: AIM: The law for legalising abortion was approved by the Italian Government in May 1978. In regulating legal abortion this law identifies two different scenarios: one where legal abortion is performed within 90 days of gestational age, and the second where it can be performed beyond this term but within 120 days: ''when pregnancy or delivery can cause a severe damage to the woman's life, in case of severe pathologies, as fetal relevant anomalies or malformations which can cause a severe damage to the woman's physical or psychological health''. Since during the last years an increase of requests for voluntary pregnancy termination (VPT) over 90 days of gestational age has been observed in Italy, it was decided to carry out a retrospective study on the reasons for requesting such an operation. METHODS: All interventions for VPT over 90 days of gestational age performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the University of Rome ''La Sapienza'' between January 2003 and December 2007 have been re-assessed, analysing age of women, obstetric anamnesis, reasons for VPT request, gestational age, mode of intervention, complications due to intervention and days of inpatient admission. RESULTS: During five years 255 women demanded to terminate a pregnancy over the first trimester. In all cases requested have been authorized following a psychological consult assessing a severe damage on psychological health by the Clinical Psychology Service of ''La Sapienza'' University, that in all cases was subsequent to a diagnosis of fetal anomalies, ascertained by a genetic test and/or ultrasound scan. Anomalies were genetic in 112 of cases (43.2%) and morphological, both single and multiple, in 143 of cases (56.8%). In most of the cases (65%) these anomalies have been assessed by ultrasound scan, while in 35% by cariotype analysis. CONCLUSION: After the legalisation in 1978, cases of abortion have constantly increased. More detailed data would be helpful to better understand and face this event.
Language: Italian
Keywords:
ITALY | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION LAW | ABORTION | LEGISLATION | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | COMPLICATIONS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | Developed Countries | Europe, Southern | Europe | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 330505 Notification


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