1.  Title: Psychiatric disorders among the HIV-positive population in Nigeria: A control study. Author: Adewuya AO; Afolabi MO; Ola BA; Ogundele OA; Ajibare AO Source: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2007 Aug;63(2):203-206. Abstract: This article estimates the point prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a sample of HIV-positive subjects in Nigeria in comparison with normal HIV-negative controls and evaluates the possible sociodemographic and clinical correlates of psychiatric disorders in HIV-positive subjects. HIV-positive subjects (n=88) and HIV-negative healthy controls (n=87) were assessed for their current diagnosis of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders via the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Sociodemographic and clinical details were also obtained. The rate of psychiatric disorders in subjects with HIV was 59.1% compared to 19.5% in subjects without HIV infection [odds ratio (OR)=5.95, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.02-11.75]. The subjects with HIV had significantly higher rates of affective disorders (OR=3.58, 95% CI=1.44-8.94), anxiety disorders (OR=3.57, 95% CI=1.65-7.72), and psychotic disorders (OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.12) than healthy controls. The factors significantly associated with psychiatric disorders include poor level of social support and stage of the disease. Psychiatric disorders are common in our Nigerian subjects with HIV, and the rates are significantly higher when compared to the healthy general population. Proactive identification and treatment of mental disorders should be integrated into HIV intervention policies in this region. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CONTROL GROUPS | PSYCHIATRY | ANXIETY DISORDERS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | PREVALENCE | EVALUATION | CARE AND SUPPORT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Medical Procedures | Measurement Document Number: 320978 |
2.  Title: Psychiatric morbidity pattern in a child guidance clinic. Author: Chaudhury S; Prasad PL; Zacharias R; Madhusudan T; Saini R Source: Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2007 Apr;63(2):144-146. Abstract: There is a paucity of Indian studies on psychiatric morbidity in children. Present work was undertaken in a child guidance clinic in armed forces. Retrospective analysis of 213 patients who attended a child guidance clinic was done. Majority (n=138) were boys. 55.9% were referred from paediatric outpatient department while medical officers in periphery referred 38.5%. The diagnoses was mental retardation in 30.97%, behavioral and emotional disorders in 23.06% and neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders in 15.98% cases. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CHILDREN | MILITARY PERSONNEL | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | PSYCHIATRY | MORBIDITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | MENTAL DISORDERS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Biology | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Behavior Document Number: 319175 |
| 3. Peer Reviewed Title: Psychiatric morbidity in HIV-infected children. Author: Rao R; Sagar R; Kabra SK; Lodha R Source: AIDS Care. 2007 Jul;19(6):828-833. Abstract: After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection in children has been transformed from an acute to a chronic illness. The number of HIV-infected children has also increased in recent years. The routes of transmission and clinical manifestation of HIV infection in children are unique and different from those of adults. There are a number of biological, psychological and social factors associated with HIV-infected child that may predispose him/her to develop psychiatric illness. However, there are very few studies on psychiatric morbidity in HIV-infected children. In the existing studies, a number of psychiatric illnesses including: depression, anxiety, disruptive disorders and hyperactive disorders have been observed in HIV-infected children. A number of variables have a bearing on psychiatric morbidity, including experience and expression of physical illness as well as adherence to medications. The physician dealing with HIV-infected children should be aware of the psychological manifestations so that appropriate interventions and referral may be made as needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHIATRY | HIV INFECTIONS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | ANXIETY DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | MENTAL DISORDERS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 317628 |
| 4. Title: Reflections on the care delivered in a suspected case of infanticide. Author: Scherer EA; Scherer ZA Source: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2007 Jul-Aug;15(4):692-698. Abstract: This study resulted from the experience of supervising a suspected infanticide case hospitalized at a psychiatric ward. We aimed to find support in scientific literature about infanticide, point out an interdisciplinary health team's affliction and uncertainties when faced with this kind of case and suggest strategies for dealing with these feelings and their possible consequences in dealing with this case. Professionals involved in this case observed their discomfort about the situation and difficulties caused by feelings of guilt about the child's death, whether intentional or not. Specialists suggests that the relation between psychiatry and the law should be facilitated by "demedicalizing" the crime, including socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, domestic violence, cultural norms etc. The team must try and learn from these mothers, overcoming their anger or repulsion with compassion and courage to understand infanticide. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | CASE STUDIES | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | INFANT | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | INFANTICIDE | DEPRESSION | POSTPARTUM | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ATTITUDES | PSYCHIATRY | CULTURE | RISK FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Puerperium | Reproduction | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology Document Number: 324306 |
| 5. Title: Psychiatric aspects of HIV / AIDS in adolescents: HIV infection will increasingly be seen in adolescents as more infected children receive treatment. Author: Thom R Source: CME: Your SA Journal of CPD. 2007 May;25(5):228-230. Abstract: HIV infection in adolescents presents particular challenges with respect to providing comprehensive care. Psychiatric and psychosocial issues need careful attention, as they have an impact on physical well-being and on the ability of infected adolescents to live their lives to the fullest extent possible with the infection. The aim of this article is to highlight some of these issues and how health care workers can include psychiatric aspects in the provision of comprehensive HIV care to adolescents. The 2002 Nelson Mandela HSRC seroprevalence survey showed that the prevalence of HIV in youth aged 15 - 24 years was 9.3% (males 6.1%; females 12%). Modes of transmission include mother to child transmission in utero and transmission through early and unprotected sex and sexual abuse. Factors that promote early sexual experiences include substance abuse, mental illness and family breakdown. Of children infected through vertical transmission, 5 - 25% survive into adolescence - some of these having survived without antiretroviral therapy (ART) (so-called 'slow progressors'). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHIATRY | HIV INFECTIONS | MENTAL DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES | USER COMPLIANCE | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Biology | HIV Document Number: 318192 |
| 6. Title: Acute psychiatric in-patients tested for HIV status: A clinical profile. Author: van Rensburg BJ; Bracken C Source: South African Psychiatry Review. 2007 May;10(2):83-85. Abstract: The objective was to obtain a retrospective profile of the clinical presentation, inpatient management and their initial access to HAART of service users tested for HIV status while admitted to an acute bed psychiatric unit. A retrospective clinical audit of HIV positive service users' discharge data sets was undertaken for the year September 2003 to August 2004. Data was compared with exisiting literature. During the study period a total of 443 service users were admitted of whom 17.4% (n=77) were tested for HIV status. Of these, 7.7% (n=34) of the total admissions tested positive. Presenting psychiatric symptoms included elevated mood, psychosis, disorganized behavior, confusion, aggression and mutism. The most common DSM IV diagnoses were mood disorder or psychosis due to general medical condition. Predominantly risperidone and haloperidol in combination with valproate were used in treatment and at relatively high dosages. Amongst HIV positive service users acute psychiatric symptoms almost exclusively consisted of associated psychosis or manic symptoms rather than depression. The clinically successful addition of valproate to antipsychotic medication in 50% of cases in this study requires further research to establish if it could also be recommended on the basis of empirical findings. Service users' capacity to adhere to strict treatment regimes might have been affected if not supervised, in view of their generally low global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores on discharge. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHIATRY | HIV INFECTIONS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | AGGRESSION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | MENTAL DISORDERS | DRUGS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Behavior | Treatment | Medical Procedures Document Number: 318215 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Targeted ethnography as a critical step to inform cultural adaptations of HIV prevention interventions for adults with severe mental illness. Author: Wainberg ML; Gonzalez MA; McKinnon K; Elkington KS; Pinto D Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2007 Jul;65(2):296-308. Abstract: As in other countries worldwide, adults with severe mental illness (SMI) in Brazil are disproportionately infected with HIV relative to the general population. Brazilian psychiatric facilities lack tested HIV prevention interventions. To adapt existing interventions, developed only in the US, we conducted targeted ethnography with adults with SMI and staff from two psychiatric institutions in Brazil. We sought to characterize individual, institutional, and interpersonal factors that may affect HIV risk behavior in this population. We conducted 350 hours of ethnographic field observations in two mental health service settings in Rio de Janeiro, and 9 focus groups (n = 72) and 16 key-informant interviews with patients and staff in these settings. Data comprised field notes and audiotapes of all exchanges, which were transcribed, coded, and systematically analyzed. The ethnography identified and/or characterized the institutional culture: (1) patients' risk behaviors; (2) the institutional setting; (3) intervention content; and (4) intervention format and delivery strategies. Targeted ethnography also illuminated broader contextual issues for development and implementation of HIV prevention interventions for adults with SMI in Brazil, including an institutional culture that did not systematically address patients' sexual behavior, sexual health, or HIV sexual risk, yet strongly impacted the structure of patients' sexual networks. Further, ethnography identified the Brazilian concept of "social responsibility" as important to prevention work with psychiatric patients. Targeted ethnography with adults with SMI and institutional staff provided information critical to the adaptation of tested US HIV prevention interventions for Brazilians with SMI. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | FOCUS GROUPS | INTERVIEWS | ADULTS | PSYCHIATRY | MENTAL DISORDERS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior Document Number: 318113 |
| 8. Title: Postpartum major depression at six weeks in primary health care: Prevalence and associated factors. Author: Nakku JE; Nakasi G; Mirembe F Source: African Health Sciences. 2006 Dec;6(4):207-214. Abstract: Major depression is a common and disabling complication of the postpartum period in women. It is thought to occur three times more commonly in the developing than in developed countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with major depression among women attending a peri-urban primary health care unit in Kampala, Uganda, at six weeks postpartum. Five hundred and forty-four women attending a peri-urban health centre were investigated in a cross-sectional study. These women were screened using the twenty five-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-25), while major depression was confirmed using the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI). Associations were sought between major depression and the respondents' demographics and various psychological, social and obstetric factors. The point prevalence of major depression at six weeks postpartum was 6.1%. Psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with young age, being single, negative life events, unplanned pregnancy, unwanted sex of baby and current physical illness in both mother and newborn. There is indication for routine screening of at risk women in the peri-natal period to avoid, recognize and manage postpartum psychiatric morbidity and its consequence on mothers and their developing children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | KAP SURVEYS | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DEPRESSION | POSTPARTUM | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | PSYCHIATRY | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Puerperium | Reproduction | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Measurement | Biology | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 319514 |
| 9. Title: High risk behaviours for sexually transmitted diseases in female psychiatric outpatients in Turkey. Author: Nesrin T; Ozlem T; Nesrin K; Kadriye P; Evrim O Source: Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2006 Jan-Jun;27(1):17-21. Abstract: Psychiatric patients are at risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) since they lack knowledge about contraception methods and may make poorer decisions regarding sexual behavior. Mentally ill patients tend to have a higher rate of HIV infection compared to the general population. In studies about risky behaviors concerning AIDS, a significant number of female patients with a chronic psychiatric disorder were found to have unsafe sex; multiple heterosexual partners; a history of being forced to have sexual intercourse against their will; used/abused alcohol and drugs; and did not use condoms regularly. There are few studies concerning STDs risk-behaviors of female psychiatric outpatients. In this study we investigated the high risk behaviors and knowledge regarding STDs in female psychiatric outpatients. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CLIENTS | WOMEN | PSYCHIATRY | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | AGE FACTORS | MARITAL STATUS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Population Characteristics | Nuptiality Document Number: 324989 |
| 10. Title: Mental distress in mothers of child psychiatric patients. Author: Syed EU; Zuberi SI Source: Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. 2006 Jun;16(6):416-419. Abstract: The objective was to determine whether caring for a child with mental health issues could lead to mental distress among mothers. Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Outpatient Clinics of The Aga Khan University Hospital and PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from January to June 2005. A total of 238 consecutive mothers bringing their children to child psychiatric and pediatric clinics were recruited over a 6-month period. As per inclusion criteria, 106 mothers of child psychiatric patients were compared to 132 mothers taken from pediatric clinics. They were asked to fill out a psychiatric screening instrument (WHO SRQ-20). Mothers' mental distress (score Ž 10 on SRQ-20) and other potential risk or protective factors were measured. Mental distress among mothers determined by WHO SRQ-20 was associated with their child attending a psychiatric clinic (odds ratio 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.38 -- 4.51). This association remained significant for age of mother being less than 30 years. No significant association was found with the number of children and duration of marriage. Mental distress among mothers is associated with the child having psychiatric problems. These mothers may represent a group who are at higher risk of depression. Early recognition and treatment of mental health problems in mothers may help reduce psychiatric morbidity in children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | CLIENTS | MOTHERS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PSYCHIATRY | AGE FACTORS | DEPRESSION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mental Disorders | Diseases Document Number: 303096 |
| 11. Peer Reviewed Title: Intimate partner violence and minor psychiatric morbidity of aboriginal Taiwanese women. Author: Yang MS; Yang MJ; Chang SJ; Chen SC; Ko YC Source: Public Health Reports. 2006 Jul-Aug;121(4):453-459. Abstract: Experiences of abuse increase the risk of psychiatric morbidity in women. This study assesses the prevalence of intimate partner violence and minor psychiatric morbidity and analyzes their association among aboriginal women in Taiwan. Using system random sampling, 840 aboriginal women between the ages of 18 and 50 years old were recruited from four townships with aboriginal communities in southern Taiwan. Trained primary care nurses interviewed the participants at home by structured questionnaire. One hundred twenty-six of 840 (15%) of the aboriginal women had experienced physical abuse perpetrated by an intimate partner (her husband or cohabitant) during their lifetime; 10.1% had experienced it during the past 12 months; 4.0% had experienced sexual abuse by the partner; and 6.3% had experienced physical abuse during childhood at the hands of one or both parents. Multiple logistic regression revealed that after adjusting for women's age, alcohol and drug use, religious activity and husband's employment status, the experience of abuse (including partner physical abuse, partner sexual abuse, and childhood physical abuse) was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and depression. Health care professionals need to provide adequate support and health education, develop interventions, and use referrals in primary care in the community in order to reduce and prevent domestic violence against aboriginal women in Taiwan. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | WOMEN | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | PSYCHIATRY | MORBIDITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SUICIDE | DEPRESSION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Behavior | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Mental Disorders Document Number: 302568 |
| 12. Title: HIV and psychiatric disorders. Author: Chandra PS; Desai G; Ranjan S Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2005 Apr;121(4):451-467. Abstract: HIV infection and psychiatric disorders have a complex relationship. Being HIV infected could result in psychiatric disorders as a psychological consequence of the infection or because of the effect of the HIV virus on the brain. Disorders may be as varied as depression, post-traumatic stress disorders, AIDS phobias, grief and the whole gamut of cognitive disorders. In addition, several psychiatric conditions may predispose individuals to acquiring HIV infection as a consequence of their influence on behaviour. There is also strong evidence of the relationship of substance use disorders and sever mental illnesses with HIV infection. HIV related psychiatric disorders also offer a challenge to clinicians in issues of differential diagnosis and management. Majority of the work in India has focused on substance use and HIV, and to a lesser extent on the psychiatric effects of HIV infection. Given the magnitude of the problem in the country and the multiple physical and psychological stressors that persons with HIV face in India, more research is needed. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | LITERATURE REVIEW | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | AIDS | HIV TRANSMISSION | PSYCHIATRY | DEPRESSION | MENTAL DISORDERS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | RISK FACTORS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Biology | HIV Document Number: 291539 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Applying a cognitive-behavioral model of HIV risk to youths in psychiatric care. Author: Donenberg GR; Schwartz RM; Emerson E; Wilson HW; Bryant FB Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2005;17(3):200-216. Abstract: This study examined the utility of cognitive and behavioral constructs (AIDS information, motivation, and behavioral skills) in explaining sexual risk taking among 172 12–20–year-old ethnically diverse urban youths in outpatient psychiatric care. Structural equation modeling revealed only moderate support for the model, explaining low to moderate levels of variance in global sexual risk taking. The amount of explained variance improved when age was included as a predictor in the model. Findings shed light on the contribution of AIDS information, motivation, and behavioral skills to risky sexual behavior among teens receiving outpatient psychiatric care. Results suggest that cognitive and behavioral factors alone may not explain sexual risk taking among teens whose cognitive and emotional deficits (e.g., impaired judgment, poor reality testing, affect dysregulation) interfere with HIV preventive behavior. The most powerful explanatory model will likely include a combination of cognitive, behavioral, developmental, social (e.g., family), and personal (e.g., psychopathology) risk mechanisms. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | MENTAL HEALTH | MENTAL DISORDERS | PSYCHIATRY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | HIV PREVENTION | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases Document Number: 289096 |
| 14. Title: Bipolar disorder in women: reproductive events and treatment considerations. Author: Freeman MP; Gelenberg AJ Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2005 Aug;112(2):88-96. Abstract: Bipolar disorders are prevalent in women. Women with bipolar disorder often present with different clinical features than men. Reproductive events and hormonal treatments may impact the course of bipolar disorder. Our main objectives are to i) assess the impact of reproductive events on the course of the disorder, and ii) to discuss the relationships between reproductive events and psychiatric treatments. A literature search was conducted of MEDLINE journals from 1965 to present. Manual literature searches were also conducted. We review the presentation, clinical course, and treatment considerations of bipolar disorder in women, with emphasis on treatment considerations in the context of reproductive events. Treatment-related issues such as teratogenicity, breastfeeding, polycystic ovarian syndrome, weight gain and obesity, and medication interactions with oral contraceptives are reviewed. Women with bipolar disorder may be more vulnerable to mood episodes in the context of reproductive events, particularly postpartum. In women of reproductive age, mood stabilizers must be selected with teratogenic risks in mind, with the highest reported risks in pregnancy with valproate, and the greatest concern during breastfeeding with lithium use. In the areas of the perimenopause and polycycstic ovarian syndrome, more data are needed to advise treatment decisions. We urgently need further study in these areas to deliver care that is appropriate to women with bipolar disorder. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PREGNANCY | POSTPARTUM | DEPRESSION | DRUGS | BREASTFEEDING | PSYCHIATRY | TREATMENT | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Reproduction | Puerperium | Mental Disorders | Diseases | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 291500 |
| 15. Title: Do depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive injections cause mood changes and memory impairment? Author: Gabriel A; Fahim G Source: Primary Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;12(4):59-60. Abstract: This article presents a case study of major depressive disorder (MDD) and dissociative symptoms of retrograde amnesia following the administration of a depot medroxyprogesterone (DMP) contraceptive. A MEDLINE search stimulated by the case found very few studies and case reports to suggest that DMP can be followed by depressive symptoms. In some studies, weak evidence suggested that progesterone may even improve depressive symptoms in the postnatal period. There is also growing evidence to support the hypothesis that estrogen may improve depressive symptoms in postnatal and perimenopausal women. There is no literature to explore the effect of progesterone administration on memory in humans. Overall, there is contradicting evidence with regard to the effects of DMP on mood. Therefore, DMP should be used cautiously in high-risk patients. To date, hormones are not recommended for the treatment of postnatal MDD. Further studies are necessary to explore any possible casual relationship between DMP and mood disorders, and if that drug can result in memory deficits. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | POSTPARTUM WOMEN | MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, PROGESTIN | TREATMENT | PSYCHIATRY | DEPRESSION | POSTPARTUM | MENTAL DISORDERS | Developed Countries | North America, Northern | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Puerperium | Reproduction | Contraceptive Agents, Female | Contraceptive Agents | Contraception | Family Planning | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases Document Number: 291548 |
| 16. Title: Judging psychiatric disorders in refugees. Author's reply [letter] Author: Hollifield M Source: Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1605. Abstract: Gregory Miller and colleagues are correct that accurate calculation of the worldwide prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugees is not possible. The problem is partly due, as they state, to sample heterogeneity and unreported characteristics. But, in my view, these facts further support the primary focus of my Comment: that accurate measurement of health outcomes in refugees is lacking. Although the systematic review by Fazel and colleagues did not include all possible contextual variables that might cause bias in refugee research, and did not include all possible refugee samples, it was nonetheless novel in pointing out how contextual variables in refugee research create measurement bias. Miller and colleagues clarify other biases. People from countries of origin that account for most of the world’s refugees are often not included in well funded, sound research. Furthermore, although children make up 43% of all refugees, and many refugees reside in less developed countries, they are also not commonly included in research, and so representative data of the world’s refugees are not available for systematic reviews such as that of Fazel and colleagues. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | PHYSICIANS | PSYCHIATRY | MENTAL DISORDERS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Diseases Document Number: 292977 |
| 17. Title: Judging psychiatric disorders in refugees [letter] Author: Miller GA; Elbert T; Rockstroh B Source: Lancet. 2005 Nov 5;366(9497):1604-1605. Abstract: In a systematic review, Mina Fazel and colleagues (April 9, p 1309)1 report rates of psychiatric disorder in refugees relocated to high-income western countries, emphasising studies of more than 200 individuals. They note the substantial heterogeneity of the samples and the findings. In an accompanying Comment (p 1283),2 Michael Hollifield emphasises one statistic in a way not consistent with the thrust of the review or its limitations, and not in line with a substantial amount of published data that fell outside the scope of the study. Hollifield makes several valid points, but incorrectly states that the primary implication of Fazel and colleagues’ review is that psychiatric prevalence as a function of trauma in refugees worldwide is low. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | REFUGEES | PHYSICIANS | PSYCHIATRY | MENTAL DISORDERS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Diseases Document Number: 292976 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender differences in psychiatric disorders at juvenile probation intake. Author: Wasserman GA; McReynolds LS; Ko SJ; Katz LM; Carpenter JR Source: American Journal of Public Health. 2005 Jan;95(1):131-137. Abstract: We identified gender differences in psychiatric disorders among youths at probation intake. We measured disorders with the Voice Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children among 991 randomly selected youths (200 girls) at probation intake in 8 Texas counties. Logistic regression analyses predicted diagnostic clusters by gender, adjusting for demographics and offense characteristics. Demographic and offense characteristics explained small but interpretable and specific variance in diagnostic profile. Girls’ rates of anxiety and affective disorders were higher than boys’ (odds ratios=0.59 and 0.32, respectively). Girls with violent offenses, compared with other groups, were 3 to 5 times as likely to report anxiety disorders. Among youths with conduct problems, girls demonstrated an elevated risk for co-occurring anxiety or affective disorder. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TEXAS | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | YOUTH | MENTAL HEALTH | PSYCHIATRY | MENTAL DISORDERS | BEHAVIOR | SEX FACTORS | GENDER ISSUES | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Diseases Document Number: 279970 |
| 19. Title: Strategies of social and sexual control of Malaysian women in psychiatric institutional care. Author: Crabtree SA Source: Health Care for Women International. 2004;25:581-595. Abstract: In this paper I discuss aspects of findings from an ethnographic study of women service users at a psychiatric hospital in East Malaysia. The site of the study, Hospital X, is a relatively small resource when compared with three large counterparts in West (Peninsular) Malaysia. Despite its size, Hospital X is an important resource in this region and serves a widely spread population of both urban and rural dwellers. The broad history of psychiatry in Malaysia is an interesting one in which psychiatric hospitals were established early in the region’s colonial past. Consequently much of psychiatry’s later developments in this region can be traced back to parallel developments in Britain. Psychiatric biomedical care is, of course, widely practiced throughout the world, yet the colonial foundation of psychiatric care in Malaysia provides some interesting insights for an ethnographic study of a hospital, which until the end of the 1960s was superintended by foreign expertise. In studying the experiences of psychiatric women patients I took into account the historical legacy of care that informed an understanding of current medical practices as it impacted on gender and ethnicity. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | CLIENTS | HOSPITAL PERSONNEL | PSYCHIATRY | HOSPITALS | SEX FACTORS | POWER | FEMINISM | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Medicine | Health Services | Health Facilities | Population Characteristics | Political Factors Document Number: 273636 |
| 20. Title: In search of perfect motherhood for imperfect childhood - experiences of 22 Chinese mothers. Author: Pun SH; Ma JL; Lai KC Source: Child and Family Social Work. 2004;9:285-293. Abstract: Motherhood is subjectively defined and contextually based. This article describes and unfolds the experience of 22 Chinese mothers in Hong Kong in cultivating a sense of perfect motherhood for their children who have mental or behavioural problems that require psychiatric consultation. The mother, the significant others and the general public perceive the latter as a form of imperfection. The mothering experiences were full of frustrations, ambivalence, stresses and tensions, and were crystallized by the repeated theme of mother-blaming and self-blame by the mother. Despite the hardships, these Chinese mothers have gradually developed self-confidence and pride, and have found ways to cope with the burden of care. Implications for practice are highlighted at the end of the paper. (author's) Language: English Keywords: HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | CHILD REARING | SOCIAL BEHAVIOR | EMOTIONS | CULTURE | PSYCHIATRY | INTERVIEWS | SELF-PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Perception Document Number: 304374 |
| 21. Title: Development of a culturally-sensitive psychiatric screening instrument for Ethiopian populations. The influence of acculturation on idioms of psychological distress. Author: Zilber N; Youngmann R; Workneh F; Giel R Source: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Publishers, 2004. 64 p. (NIRP Research for Policy Series 20) Abstract: Recognising inter-cultural differences in the way people experience and express emotional problems and the difficulties that consequently may arise in properly diagnosing mental health problems, this study seeks to develop and validate a tool for screening psychiatric disorders in Ethiopian populations. The study was carried out in Ethiopia as well as among Ethiopian Jews in Israel, among groups at different levels of exposure to western medicine. It was a collaborative effort between researchers from Israel, Ethiopia and the Netherlands. NIRP aims to encourage development-related research focused on socioeconomic and cultural change. Being policy-oriented in nature, NIRP aims to make the results of research accessible to anyone interested in solving the problems investigated. The target groups for such knowledge include policy makers, representatives of non-governmental and donor organisations, and the scientific community. With this aim in mind, the Publication Board has launched the NIRP Research for Policy Series as a channel for the publication of “user-friendly” summaries of more than 30 scientific reports. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | FORMATIVE RESEARCH | CLIENTS | IMMIGRANTS | ETHNIC GROUPS | MENTAL DISORDERS | PSYCHIATRY | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | SCREENING | CULTURE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Middle East | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 280424 |
| 22. Title: Theoretical model of psychotherapy: Eastern Asian-Islamic women with mental illness. Author: Carter DJ; Rashidi A Source: Health Care for Women International. 2003;24(5):399-413. Abstract: The Muslim immigrant population is increasing in the United States. To provide appropriate psychotherapy for this group, especially Islamic women, treatment professionals must have a deeper understanding of the culture of Eastern Islamic women. Islam is the lifestyle of this population and it influences their thinking, the relationships among themselves and with others, and all other activities of daily life. The holistic approach of the Eastern Islamic population is incompatible with the individualistic approach of Western psychotherapy in treating Islamic women. We explore a theoretical model of psychotherapy for Eastern Asian-Islamic women suffering from mental illness (MI) to develop an effective and appropriate therapy. Health care providers, specifically those dealing with MI patients, will gain insights from the suggested psychotherapeutic model and its relevance to Islamic concepts and practices. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | ASIA, EASTERN | THEORETICAL STUDIES | THEORETICAL MODELS | WOMEN | ASIANS | IMMIGRANTS | ISLAM | MENTAL DISORDERS | PSYCHIATRY | PSYCHOLOGY | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Religion | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Social Sciences Document Number: 188854 |
| 23. Title: Tracing the roots of early sexual debut among adolescents in psychiatric care. Author: Donenberg GR; Bryant FB; Emerson E; Wilson HW; Pasch KE Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2003 May;42(5):594-608. Abstract: The objective was to identify the most important social and personal characteristics related to early sexual debut among troubled teenagers. One hundred ninety-eight youths aged 12-19 years were recruited from outpatient mental health clinics and completed self-reports and interviews about their age of sexual debut; family, peer, and partner relationships (e.g.. parental hostile control, negative peer influence, need for intimacy); and personal characteristics (e.g., achievement motivation, externalizing problems). Broad-band (externalizing, internalizing) and narrow-band (depression/anxiety, delinquency) psychopathology was assessed with the Youth Self-Report and Child Behavior Checklist. Optimal Data Analysis was used to generate a classification tree model to identify variables associated with whether or not youths initiated oral, vaginal, and/or anal sexual activity before or after age 14. Three social context variables (parental hostile control, negative and positive peer influence) and one personal characteristic (externalizing problems) correctly classified 87.4% of teenagers as initiating sexual activity at = 14 or > 14 years of age. Parental behavior and peer influence were the most important variables associated with the timing of sexual debut. Results support a social-personal framework for understanding sexual risk-taking among adolescents in psychiatric care, and the data offer relatively strong evidence that specific factors could be used to identify troubled teens at risk for early sexual debut. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | ADOLESCENTS | PEER GROUPS | PSYCHIATRY | MENTAL DISORDERS | FIRST INTERCOURSE | RISK BEHAVIOR | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | SEX BEHAVIOR | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Behavior | Child Rearing Document Number: 284141 |
| 24. Title: HIV / AIDS and psychiatry: the Toronto experience. Author: Halman M Source: In: Mental health and HIV / AIDS: report on a round-table discussion, compiled by Melvyn Freeman. Cape Town, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, HSRC Publishers, 2003. :28-38. Abstract: The way in which HIV/AIDS has been handled from a mental health perspective in Canada is presented. The importance of an integrated service with referral to more specialised services is emphasised. Interventions with various psychiatric and psychological symptoms with emphasis on cognitive deficits and depression are explored. Best intervention practices are presented. HEALTHCARE IN CANADA: Free availability of healthcare for all; Access to limited medication formulary for people on general welfare or disability and in some provinces access to formulary for employed with chronic disease after initial co-payment; Healthcare worker shortages, long waiting lists, funding concerns, issues in both rural and urban/inner city settings; Relatively good social safety net and HIV/AIDS is on the radar. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: CANADA | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV | AIDS | PSYCHIATRY | DEPRESSION | TREATMENT | MORTALITY | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mental Disorders | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 278527 |
| 25. Title: Considerations for a psychoanalytic theory of gender identity and sexual desire: the case of intersex. Author: Hird MJ Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 2003 Summer;28(4):1067-1092. Abstract: By reviewing the existing psychoanalytic literature on intersex, I want to suggest that therapeutic emphasis tends to be placed on maintaining a stable gender identity, and psychoanalysts largely accept the designation of gender as defined by the medical team's determination. I will suggest that the preoccupation with defining the intersexed individuals "true" sex limits the degree to which intersex individuals are encouraged to explore other issues. I will further suggest that this emphasis on stable gender identity is linked with a valuation of heterosexuality over homosexuality. The emphasis of psychoanalytic theory on maturation presumes that gender identification that does not correspond to at-birth gender designation, and desire that is not opposite-gender directed, necessarily reflects developmental issues. There is consistent concern in the medical literature that an unstable gender identity will precipitate homosexual desire (see Zucker and Bradley 1995; Zucker et al, 1996; Slijper et al. 1998). (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: THEORETICAL STUDIES | CRITIQUE | THEORETICAL MODELS | BISEXUALS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | SEXUALITY | PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | GENITALIA | ETHICS | PSYCHIATRY | PERSONHOOD | THEORETICAL EFFECTIVENESS | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Sociocultural Factors | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Contraceptive Effectiveness | Contraception | Family Planning Document Number: 300399 |
| 26. Title: Therapy - it's a two-way thing: women survivors of child sexual abuse describe their therapy experiences. Author: McGregor K Source: Auckland, New Zealand, University of Auckland, 2003 May. 276 p. Doctoral Disertation, University of Auckland, 2003. Abstract: This thesis gives a voice to women who have been sexually abused and subsequently received therapy. It contributes to the scarce international literature on evaluations of therapy by women survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). It is hoped that policies and clinical practices for survivors of CSA will be improved as a result of this research. The study was advertized in the general public to women survivors of CSA who were over the age of 20, who had had at least five therapy sessions but were not currently in therapy. One hundred and ninety-one women completed a postal questionnaire that included open and closed questions about their CSA and disclosure experiences and about what they found helpful and unhelpful in therapy. Twenty respondents took part in follow-up interviews of up to two hours. Themes from the questionnaires and the interviews were analysed using EpiInfo6 and the data management tool NVivo. The majority of participants (91%) experienced CSA to the level of genital contact, or attempted penetration or penetration. Participants took over 16 years on average to disclose the CSA. The majority of participants (86%) reported that, overall, therapy was either somewhat or very helpful. Participants who had over 50 sessions of therapy were significantly more likely to report improved emotional well-being compared with those who had 50 sessions or less. Obstacles to participants gaining sufficient therapy for their needs included the cost of therapy and/or a restricted number of therapy hours subsidized by ACC. Participants reported that helpful therapy included a supportive, interactive therapy relationship with a therapist who was knowledgeable about the dynamics and effects of CSA and of abuse-focused therapy. Acknowledgement, understanding, normalisation and assistance to talk about the CSA and work through the effects on their lives were valued. Unhelpful therapy included a therapy relationship where the therapist was not affectively available or knowledgeable about the dynamics and effects of CSA. Therapists who were unable to support participants to talk about the CSA and work through the effects on their lives were criticized. There were also a few examples of harmful practices. The limitations of the study are the lack of a control group, the fact that participants were self-selected and the retrospective nature of their reports. It was concluded that most therapists were doing an effective job in difficult circumstances. However, some therapists need to develop a more open therapeutic relationship that would allow clients to give feedback about the impact of the therapy. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NEW ZEALAND | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | INTERVIEWS | CHILD ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | COUNSELING | BEST PRACTICES | HEALTH INSURANCE | INCEST | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | PSYCHIATRY | Developed Countries | Oceania | Demographic Factors | Population | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Diseases | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 293741 |
| 27. Title: Psychiatric illness among juveniles and adolescents in Kenya [editorial] Author: Njenga FG; Kangethe RN Source: East African Medical Journal. 2003 Jun;80(6):281. Abstract: This study raises a number of important questions, which now cry loudly for scientific enquiry. Firstly, where do these children come from? How many are they, what causes their psychiatric morbidity, what is the relationship between their conditions and poverty? Secondly, and equally importantly, who is addressing their needs, emotional, psychological and economic, using what tools, skills and other resources? Thirdly, what price shall we pay for ignoring their lot? What will happen to them when they grow up? There is some suggestion that these children will grow up to become future residents of our jails, as they grow to develop formal deviant personality disorders. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | FOLLOW-UP STUDIES | QUESTIONNAIRES | INTERVIEWS | CHILD | YOUTH | MENTAL DISORDERS | PSYCHIATRY | CRIME | RISK BEHAVIOR | EMOTIONS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIAL PROBLEMS | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | STATISTICS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors Document Number: 181180 |
| 28. Title: Psychiatric morbidity in recently diagnosed HIV patients in South Africa. A preliminary report. Author: Olley BO; Gxamza F; Seedat S; Stein DJ; Reuter H Source: AIDS Bulletin. 2003 Apr;12(1):9-10. Abstract: There is growing awareness of the importance of assessing psychiatric morbidity in individuals with HIV/AIDS. First, psychological distress in HIV/AIDS patients may be associated with decreased adherence to medication regimes. Second, psychopathology in HIV/AIDS may be associated with accelerated disease progression. Third, there is a growing database showing that currently available treatments are effective for treating psychiatric disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS. Much of the work on psychiatric morbidity in HIV/AIDS has, however, been done in the West. In South Africa, HIV/AIDS patients may be at greater risk for psychopathology than patients in certain parts of the developed world given their additional and potentially stressful living conditions including high rates of unemployment and poverty; poor and unstable housing; inadequate social services; and, high rates of crime and domestic violence. This article documents preliminary findings of psychiatric morbidity in a prospective evaluation of psychiatric disorders associated with HIV infection in newly diagnosed patients. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | URBAN POPULATION | PSYCHIATRY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | INTERVIEWS | GENDER ISSUES | MENTAL DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | ANXIETY DISORDERS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | MEN | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior | Data Collection | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 183438 |
| 29. Title: [Risk-taking behavior: female adolescents versus male adolescents] Prises de risque. Adolescente / adolescent. Author: Braconnier A Source: Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité. 2002 Oct;30(10):787-792. Abstract: Epidemiologists as well as professionals working in the area of adolescent health generally agree that adolescence is a period characterized by a difference in frequency of risk-taking behaviour between girls and boys. An explanation of these data through ethno-psychological and psychodynamical approaches is hereby presented. Such approaches should be taken into account for general preventive strategies to take effect. (author's) Language: French Keywords: SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | SEX FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | RISK BEHAVIOR | PSYCHIATRY | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 174191 |
| 30. Title: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Turkish children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Author: Diler RS; Avci A Source: Croatian Medical Journal. 2002;43(3):324-329. Abstract: The aim was to assess clinical and demographic characteristics of Turkish children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The study comprised 47 children and adolescents (31 boys and 15 girls) aged between 9 and 15 years, who were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. At the first interview, sociodemographic data of patients were recorded and Maudsley Obsession Compulsive Questionnaire (MOCQ), Child Depression Inventory (CDI), and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) were administered concurrently. Afterwards, the comorbid diagnosis and clinical characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder were investigated in detail during a psychiatric interview. The obsessive-compulsive disorder prevalence among 1,739 outpatients seen for the first time at our clinics between January 1998 and April 1999 was 2.7% (n = 47). Initial complaints with a content of obsession or compulsion were observed in only 14.9% (n = 7) of the patients. Contamination (48.9%) and cleaning (68.1%) were the most common symptoms. Thirty-one patients (65.9%) had at least one comorbid disorder with obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most common being major depression (29.8%). There were no significant differences between the patients with and those without comorbid disorder in terms of MOCQ and subscales scores. Children under age of 13 had higher scores on cleanliness subscale on MOCQ, whereas children with migration history had higher state anxiety scores. There were no differences in STAI-C and CDI scores between boy and girls, children (< 13 years) and adolescents (= 13 years), and firstborn and other children in a family. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a serious clinical problem in childhood and practitioners, pediatricians, and psychiatrists should explicitly ask about the presence of symptoms characteristic to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given the high rates of various comorbid states, such as anxiety, mood and tic disorders, comorbidities should also be taken into account during psychiatric evaluation of a child patient. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS | MENTAL DISORDERS | DEPRESSION | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | PSYCHIATRY | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Population | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 294700 |
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