1.  Title: 15andCounting advocacy. Author: International Planned Parenthood Federation [IPPF] Source: [London, United Kingdom, IPPF, 2009]. 11 p. Abstract: This document describes how individuals and community groups can raise awareness about the 15 and Counting campaign. The campaign focuses on meeting the youth-related goals of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. While it specifically focuses on 15 and Counting, the document's principles could be applied to the process of developing an advocacy plan for many other youth projects. Additional resources are available at: http://www.15andcounting.org/blog/?page_id=7. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | UGANDA | IRELAND | SUMMARY REPORT | YOUTH | ADOLESCENTS | LEADERSHIP | HEALTH POLICY | EDUCATION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | ADVOCACY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | RECRUITMENT ACTIVITIES | SOCIAL NETWORKS | ABORTION | SAFETY | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Program Activities | Programs | Friends and Relatives | Family and Household | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Public Health Document Number: 329083 Notification |
| 2. Title: Increasing HIV testing for at-risk children. Author: Population Council Source: Momentum. 2009 Jun;:[1] p. Abstract: The Caregiver Project is helping HIV-positive children access life-saving medical treatment and providing an outreach model that can be replicated across Africa. The project trains grandmothers (called “grannies") to serve as peer supporters for elderly caregivers. The grannies provide information about pediatric HIV testing and treatment to elderly caregivers who come to Social Security Agency sites to get grants for social services for children and the elderly. Grannies offer caregivers referral cards that list the locations of pediatric testing services and encourage them to take the children to be tested. The Caregiver Project is targeting an important gateway to accessing these children, the elderly caregivers, and motivating caregivers to seek care through age-appropriate resources. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | CARE AND SUPPORT | PROMOTION | HIV TESTING | TREATMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 331491 |
3.  Title: Effectiveness of a community-based intervention to improve nutrition in young children in Senegal: a difference in difference analysis. Author: Alderman H; Ndiaye B; Linnemayr S; Ka A; Rokx C; Dieng K; Mulder-Sibanda M Source: Public Health Nutrition. 2009 May;12(5):667-73. Abstract: There are few studies of community growth promotion as a means of addressing malnutrition that are based on longitudinal analysis of large-scale programmes with adequate controls to construct a counterfactual. The current study uses a difference in difference comparison of cohorts to assess the impact on the proportion of underweight children who lived in villages receiving services provided by the Senegal Nutrition Enhancement Project between 2004 and 2006. The project, designed to extend nutrition and growth promotion intervention into rural areas through non-governmental organisation service providers, significantly lowered the risk of a child having a weight more than 2 sd below international norms. The odds ratio of being underweight for children in programme villages after introduction of the intervention was 0.83 (95% CI 0.686, 1.000), after controlling for regional trends and village and household characteristics. Most measured aspects of health care and health seeking behaviour improved in the treatment relative to the control. Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | RURAL POPULATION | CHILD NUTRITION | INTERVENTIONS | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | BODY WEIGHT | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROMOTION | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | GROWTH | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Nutrition | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Program Evaluation | Physiology | Biology | Marketing | Economic Factors | Behavior | Child Development Document Number: 342116 |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Effects of a rapid peer-based HIV/AIDS educational intervention on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in a high-income Arab country. Author: Barss P; Grivna M; Ganczak M; Bernsen R; Al-Maskari F Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 Sep 1;52(1):86-98. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In response to low knowledge about HIV and intolerant attitudes toward persons living with HIV among Arab university students, a peer-based educational intervention was developed and impact evaluated on knowledge and attitudes of high school students in 2 of 4 main cities of United Arab Emirates. METHODS: Four small teams of final year medical students, 3 female and 1 male, were trained. Multistage random sampling selected 14 female and 5 male Arab schools, then 56 female and 14 male grade 12 classes in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. The 90-minute intervention included a factual presentation and 3 attitude workshops. Baseline and postintervention knowledge and attitudes were assessed. Significance was tested by McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and multilevel regression tests. RESULTS: Response was 99.6%, 1398 females and 505 males. Misconceptions about modes of transmission and intolerant attitudes were evident. Mean knowledge score improved from 65% to 82% and attitude 51% to 64%, that is, relative increase 26% (P < 0.0005). Females had slightly lower baseline knowledge than males but showed greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes (P < 0.0005) CONCLUSIONS: Grade 12 students' knowledge about HIV/AIDS was inadequate and attitudes stigmatizing. Peer-based knowledge workshops were effective, especially among females. Concise integrated teaching and workshops designed to address key knowledge and attitudinal deficiencies can be highly effective. Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | RESEARCH REPORT | STUDENTS | SECONDARY SCHOOLS | HIGH INCOME POPULATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | SEX EDUCATION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | INTERVENTIONS | STIGMA | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | EPIDEMIOLOGY | Education | Schools | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Problems | Health | Marketing | Public Health Document Number: 342885 |
| 5. Title: An assessment of the effectiveness of growth monitoring and promotion practices in the Lusaka district of Zambia. Author: Charlton KE; Kawana BM; Hendricks MK Source: Nutrition. 2009 Oct;25(10):1035-46. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effectiveness of the growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) program in Zambia. METHODS: A 3-mo prospective study of growth outcomes was undertaken at randomly selected health facilities and community posts within the Lusaka district. Children <2 y old (n=698) were purposively sampled from three health facilities (n=459) and four community posts (n=77) where health workers had undergone training in GMP and three health facilities where staff had not received training (n=162). Qualitative data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of GMP were collected from health facility managers (n=6), health workers (n=35), and mothers whose children attended all follow-up visits (n=27). RESULTS: Anthropometric status of children in all groups deteriorated, with children at community posts having the worst outcomes (change in weight-for-age Z-score -0.8+/-0.7), followed by trained (-0.5+/-0.6) and untrained (-0.3+/-0.47; P<0.05) health facilities. A similar trend was seen for weight for length. The overall dropout rate was 74.1%. Weight-for-age Z-scores were higher at 1- and 2-mo follow-up visits for children who did not complete the study at trained health facilities and community posts compared with those who remained in the study. Mothers/caregivers identified GMP as important in attending the under-five clinic, associated their child's weight with overall health status, and expressed a willingness to comply with health workers' advice. However, health care providers were poorly motivated, inadequately supervised, and demonstrated poor practices. CONCLUSIONS: The GMP program in Lusaka is functioning suboptimally, even in facilities with trained staff. Language: English Keywords: ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MONITORING | CHILDREN | GROWTH | CHILD DEVELOPMENT | BODY WEIGHT | ANTHROPOMETRY | PROMOTION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Evaluation | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Biology | Physiology | Measurement | Research Methodology | Marketing | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342875 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: What does access to maternal care mean among the urban poor? Factors associated with use of appropriate maternal health services in the slum settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Author: Fotso J; Ezeh A; Madise N; Ziraba A; Ogollah R Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2009 Jan;13(1):130-7. Abstract: Objectives: The study seeks to improve understanding of maternity health seeking behaviors in resource-deprived urban settings. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors which influence the choice of place of delivery among the urban poor, with a distinction between sub-standard and "appropriate" health facilities. Methods: The data are from a maternal health project carried out in two slums of Nairobi, Kenya. A total of 1,927 women were interviewed, and 25 health facilities where they delivered, were assessed. Facilities were classified as either "inappropriate" or "appropriate". Place of delivery is the dependent variable. Ordered logit models were used to quantify the effects of covariates on the choice of place of delivery, defined as a three-category ordinal variable. Results: Although 70% of women reported that they delivered in a health facility, only 48% delivered in a facility with skilled attendant. Besides education and wealth, the main predictors of place of delivery included being advised during antenatal care to deliver at a health facility, pregnancy "wantedness", and parity. The influence of health promotion (i.e., being advised during antenatal care visits) was significantly higher among the poorest women. Conclusion: Interventions to improve the health of urban poor women should include improvements in the provision of, and access to, quality obstetric health services. Women should be encouraged to attend antenatal care where they can be given advice on delivery care and other pregnancy-related issues. Target groups should include poorest, less educated and higher parity women. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | SLUMS | URBAN POPULATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | CHILDBIRTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | PROMOTION | ANTENATAL CARE | MULTIPARITY | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Urbanization | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health Services Evaluation | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Marketing | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 308031 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Community-based promotional campaign to improve uptake of intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in pregnancy in Burkina Faso. Author: Gies S; Coulibaly SO; Ky C; Ouattara FT; Brabin BJ; D'Alessandro U Source: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 Mar;80(3):460-9. Abstract: Malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy were assessed in a health center randomized trial comparing intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) with and without community based promotional activities in rural Burkina Faso. The study involved 2,240 secundigravidae and secundigravidae and evaluated factors associated with antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and uptake of IPTp-SP. With promotion, 64.2% completed > or = 3 ANC visits compared with 44.7% without (P = 0.05). Complete uptake of IPTp-SP was 71.8% with and 49.1% without promotion (P = 0.008). The IPTp-SP uptake was lowest in adolescents delivering during high malaria transmission with (29%) or without promotion (30%). Uptake of SP was higher during the low transmission season than in the high transmission season (adjusted odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.59-3.03). Community sensitization increased ANC attendance and IPTp-SP uptake. Adolescents were the most difficult to reach, particularly during the high malaria transmission period. The impact of IPTp-SP will be limited unless this high risk group is protected. Language: English Keywords: BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | COMMUNITY | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | PROMOTION | CAMPAIGNS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | ANTENATAL CARE | PREVENTIVE MEDICINE | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | AGE FACTORS | SEASONAL VARIATION | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Marketing | Communication Programs | Communication | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Medicine | Population Dynamics Document Number: 331127 |
| 8. Title: Should healthcare professionals be advocating long-acting reversible contraception? [editorial] Author: Glasier A Source: Women's Health. 2009 Jan;5(1):1-4. Abstract: The author comments on the reasons healthcare professionals should advocate long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). The three issues discussed are: cost--some providers and program managers find long-acting methods expensive; coercion--excessive enthusiasm for any method of contraception may risk potential users being pressured or coerced into using it; and STIs--some argue that increasing the use of LARC will decrease the use of condoms and so will put more people at risk of STIs. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | HEALTH PERSONNEL | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | CONTRACEPTION | PROMOTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases Document Number: 330873 |
| 9. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Nicaragua. Author: Indacochea CM; Leahy E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 36 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Nicaragua. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | ADVOCACY | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Communication | Marketing Document Number: 331430 |
| 10. Title: HIV and homosexuality in Pakistan [letter] Author: Khan A Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2009 Apr;9(4):204; author reply 205-6. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: PAKISTAN | CRITIQUE | SEX WORKERS | HOMOSEXUALS | SEXUALITY | HIV INFECTIONS | PROMOTION | CRIME | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Personality | Psychological Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Marketing | Economic Factors | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341023 |
| 11. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Tanzania. Author: Leahy E; Druce N; Akitobi E; Hardee K; Vogel CG Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 32 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders.This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Tanzania. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing Document Number: 331431 |
| 12. Title: A case study of reproductive health supplies in Uganda. Author: Leahy E; Akitobi E Source: Washington, D.C., Population Action International, 2009 Jun. 34 p. Abstract: This paper, together with five additional case studies from other countries and information from other sources, provides an evidence base for national level advocacy. Each case study is written with generalist advocates in mind. These can include, but are not limited to, civic leaders, parliamentarians, faith-based leaders, and community leaders. This report provides overview of how RH supplies, specifically contraceptives and condoms, are programmed, managed and funded in Uganda. It presents a distillation of information on policies, systems, budgets and key actors to help raise awareness of experienced advocates -- who may lack technical knowledge about contraceptives -- so that they strategically choose advocacy actions and targets. This information should also facilitate collaboration and coordination with advocacy efforts at the global and regional levels. Information and issues from one country may be useful to other countries facing similar challenges. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | HEALTH POLICY | PUBLIC SECTOR | LOGISTICS | MANAGEMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | PROMOTION | INFORMATION | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Marketing Document Number: 331432 |
| 13. Title: Similarities more striking than differences [letter] Author: Lessa H Source: Midwifery today With International Midwife. 2009 Spring;(89):50. Abstract: A Brazilian midwife comments on birthing options and preferences of Amazonian women. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | SUMMARY REPORT | ETHNIC GROUPS | NURSE-MIDWIVES | WOMEN | CULTURE | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | CHILDBIRTH | PREGNANCY | BREASTFEEDING | PROMOTION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Personnel | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy Outcomes | Reproduction | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 341186 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: The DREAM model's effectiveness in health promotion of AIDS patients in Africa. Author: Magnano San Lio M; Mancinelli S; Palombi L; Buonomo E; Altan AD; Germano P; Magid NA; Pesaresi A; Renzi E; Scarcella P; Zimba I; Marazzi MC Source: Health Promotion International. 2009 Mar;24(1):6-15. Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a holistic model for treating people living with AIDS in Africa; the model aims to improve knowledge about AIDS prevention and care, increase trust in the health centre, impact behaviour, and promote a high level of adherence to HAART. The study took place in the context of the DREAM (Drug Resource Enhancement against AIDS and Malnutrition) programme in Mozambique, designed by the Community of Sant'Egidio to treat HIV patients in Africa. It provides patients with free anti-retroviral drugs, laboratory tests (including viral load), home care and nutritional support. This is a prospective study involving 531 patients over a 12-month period. The patients, predominantly poor and with a low level of education, demonstrated a good level of knowledge about AIDS (more than 90% know how it is transmitted) and trust in the treatment, with a relatively small percentage turning to traditional healers. Overall the patients had a low level of engaging in risky sexual behaviour and a very good level of adherence to HAART (69.5% of the 531 subjects had a pill count higher than 95%). The positive results of the programme's educational initiatives were confirmed with the patients' good clinical results. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CLIENTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | USER COMPLIANCE | PROMOTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education Document Number: 330817 |
| 15. Title: Setting up a nurse-led contraceptive clinic for young parents. Author: Mansey J Source: Nursing Times. 2009 Mar 24-30;105(11):12-4. Abstract: This article describes the development of a nurse-led contraceptive and sexual health drop-in clinic, which runs alongside an existing young parents' drop-in service provided by a charity called Key to the Door. The clinic provides young parents, whose average age is 16-25, with access to a variety of first-issue contraceptive methods and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The article explains how the service was developed and provides information from an audit, which shows the clinic's effectiveness and positive outcomes for service users. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | PARENTS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | CONTRACEPTION | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Family Planning | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 331148 |
| 16. Title: [Actions of education health for child and adolescents in the city of Vitoria] As acoes de educacao em saude para criancas e adolescentes nas unidades basicas Author: Oliveira CB; Frechiani JM; Silva FM; Maciel EL Source: Ciencia and Saude Coletiva. 2009 Mar-Apr;14(2):635-44. Abstract: This was a cross-sectional study carried in six Family Health Units, for direct observation of educative activities. The objective was to evaluate the actions of Education Health carried through in the informative sessions that approached the following subjects: family planning, breast feeding, families registered in Nutrition Programmes and children in nutritional risk. For the study proposed we establish that al action developed out side the individual approach to resolved heath problems will be considerer as health education. The unprepared of some professionals for the full functioning of the activities can still be observed. The findings of this study disclose the little participation of these Units in the accomplishment of educative activities on family planning come back toward the adolescents. Concerning the activities developed for the families registered in Nutrition Programmes, excellent subjects as the importance to appear the educative activities of the unit had been boarded in the most part of the lectures. The social activities for children in nutritional risk are carried out together with the families of the Nutrition Programmes. Although we observed several activities we still need to improved the multidisciplinary work to implement the heath promotion. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | CHILDREN | ADOLESCENTS | FAMILY PLANNING | BREASTFEEDING | CHILD NUTRITION | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROMOTION | NEEDS | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Health | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342096 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: High rates of STD and sexual risk behaviors among Garifunas in Honduras. Author: Paz-Bailey G; Morales-Miranda S; Jacobson JO; Gupta SK; Sabin K; Mendoza S; Paredes M; Alvarez B; Monterroso E Source: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009 May 1;51 Suppl 1:S26-34. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Honduras has the highest concentration of HIV and AIDS cases in Central America, with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 1.5%. Prevalence is higher among certain ethnic groups such as the Garifuna with a reported HIV prevalence of 8%. METHODS: A biological and behavioral survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of the Garifuna population in Honduras, using computer-assisted interviews. Blood was tested for HIV, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis; urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalum. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 817 participants, 41% female and 51% male. Estimated prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were: HIV, 4.5% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.6), HSV-2, 51.1% (95% CI: 46.7 to 55.6), and syphilis seropositivity, 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0). Sexually transmitted infections in urine were: chlamydia, 6.8% (95% CI: 4.7 to 9.7), gonorrhea, 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4 to 2.9), trichomoniasis, 10.5% (95% CI: 8.1 to 13.6), and Mycoplasma genitalium, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.1 to 9.9). Consistent condom use was low with stable (10.6%) and casual (41.4%) partners. In multivariate analysis, HIV was associated with rural residence. HSV-2 was associated with female sex, older age, and syphilis seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS: We found a moderate prevalence of HIV and a high prevalence of HSV-2 among the Garifunas. HSV-2 may increase the vulnerability of these populations to HIV in the future. Intervention strategies should emphasize sexually transmitted infection control and condom promotion, specifically targeting the Garifuna population. Language: English Keywords: HONDURAS | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | BEHAVIOR | HIV | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | CONDOM USE | PROMOTION | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Risk Reduction Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 341324 |
| 18. Peer Reviewed Title: The free condom initiative: promoting condom availability and use in New York City. Author: Renaud TC; Bocour A; Irvine MK; Bernstein KT; Begier EM; Sepkowitz KA; Kellerman SE; Weglein D Source: Public Health Reports. 2009 Jul-Aug;124(4):481-9. Abstract: In 2005, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) made free condoms available to organizations through a Web-based ordering system. In 2006, we interviewed managers and patrons about free condom availability, acquisition, and use in venues where people at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus congregate. DOHMH condom distribution increased from 5.8 million in 2004 to 17.3 million in 2006. Overall, managers reported making condoms available at 76% (309/409) of high-priority venues, but only at 40% of gay bars. Among patrons who saw free condoms, 80% (280/351) reported taking them; 73% (205/280) of those who reported taking them also reported using them. A simple, Web-based ordering system dramatically increased condom distribution. In the venues we sampled, the majority of patrons acquired and used free condoms when available and visible, suggesting that increasing free condom availability may increase use. Special efforts are needed to ensure availability at gay bars. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW YORK | RESEARCH REPORT | URBAN POPULATION | CONDOMS | PROMOTION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | DISTRIBUTIONAL ACTIVITIES | CLINICAL DISTRIBUTION | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | INTERNET | CONDOM USE | INTERVIEWS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Activities | Nonclinical Distribution | Information Networks | Communication | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Data Collection | Research Methodology Document Number: 342144 |
| 19. Title: Meeting young women’s sexual and reproductive health needs in Nigeria. Author: Sedgh G; Bankole A; Okonofua F; Imarhiagbe C; Hussain R Source: New York, New York, Guttmacher Institute, 2009. 23 p. Abstract: This report assesses the current status of and recent trends in the sexual and reproductive behaviors and health needs of young women aged 15-19 in Nigeria. It also examines social and health policies and programs addressing these needs and highlights the gaps in policies and services. Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX EDUCATION | PROMOTION | FAMILY PLANNING | NEEDS | MARITAL STATUS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Health | Education | Marketing | Economic Factors | Nuptiality | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 328128 |
| 20. Title: [The medical organizational resources of fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus] Author: Surmach MIu Source: Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny, Zdravookhraneniia I Istorii Meditsiny. 2009 Mar-Apr;(2):45-8. Abstract: The assessment of youth reproductive attitudes and the identification of the medical organizational opportunities for fertility promotion in the Republic of Belarus is considered. Relying on the data of the sociological survey of representative youth sample of national level it is established that both the reproductive attitudes and reproductive behavior of Belarus youth population does not correspond to the demographic criteria of effective population reproduction. It is revealed that the enhancement of reproductive attitudes of young women is possible in the conditions of increase of the rate of first pregnancy planning. The economic benefit due to possible implementation of this uncovered resource is evaluated. Language: Russian Keywords: BELARUS | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | FERTILITY | ATTITUDES | PROMOTION | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY | FAMILY PLANNING | Europe, Eastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Reproduction Document Number: 342610 |
| 21. Title: Promoting HIV prevention and testing: evaluation of the Integrated AIDS Program-Thika in Kenya. Author: Thurman TR; Hutchinson P; Lavin B; Ikamari L Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2009 Mar. [10] p. (SR-09-49AUSAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00) Abstract: This paper examines the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions by the Integrated AIDS Program-Thika (IAP) operating in Kenya to promote HIV education and voluntary counseling and testing within the broader community. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | DATA ANALYSIS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | PARENTS | HIV TESTING | HIV PREVENTION | EXPOSURE | PROMOTION | KNOWLEDGE | INTERVENTIONS | IMPACT | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Risk Factors | Marketing | Economic Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication Document Number: 339999 |
| 22. Title: Case studies in global school health promotion: From research to practice. Author: Whitman CV; Aldinger CE Source: New York, New York, Springer, 2009. 408 p. Abstract: A growing body of research identifies strong links between children's health, social, and educational outcomes. Research also points to the reciprocal benefits of access to quality education on individual and family health status. In response to these findings, the World Health Organization developed the concept of the health-promoting school (HPS). This book, available for purchase, provides readers with examples from more than two dozen countries (representing urban and rural areas in developing and developed nations) that outline the strategies taken to implement HPS programs in individual schools, municipalities, and nations. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | EUROPE | NORTH AMERICA | ASIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | EDUCATION | PRIMARY SCHOOLS | HEALTH | PROMOTION | HEALTH POLICY | IMPLEMENTATION | Developing Countries | Developed Countries | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Schools | Marketing | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331372 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Do instructions for over-the-counter pre-coital female contraceptives promote "perfect use"? Author: Zite NB; Wallace LS Source: Contraception. 2009 Mar;79(3):211-5. Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to estimate the readability and related features of English-language over-the-counter (OTC) pre-coital female contraceptive (PFC) instructions. STUDY DESIGN: We identified and purchased all currently available OTC PFCs (n=8), including Encare (Contraceptive Gel and Insert), F.C. Female Condom, Ortho Options (Conceptrol, Delfen and Gyncol II Jelly), Today Sponge and VCF Vaginal Film. Reading grade level was calculated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. Text point size was measured and total number of graphics was tallied. Graphic dimensions were also measured. We also assessed OTC PFC instructions on four main criteria--derived from the "User-Friendliness Tool (UFT)"--including layout features, graphic characteristics, presence of a clear message and presentation of manageable information. RESULTS: Reading level ranged from 8th to 12th grade (mean+/-SD=10.0+/-1.2). Mean page length was 24.4+/-7.0 cm (9.6+/-2.76 in.), while average page width was 20.3+/-13.8 cm (7.99+/-5.43 in.). Average text point size was 7.9+/-2.3 (range=6-12). Illustrations, predominantly line drawings, were used throughout (range=3-11), and most were similar in size to a matchbox. None of the "How to Use" sections scored high in all criteria on the UFT. CONCLUSIONS: "How to Use" sections of OTC PFC instructions should be revised to be easier to read and more user friendly. Ideally, the gap between "typical" and "perfect" contraceptive efficacy could potentially be narrowed if instructions were developed that the large majority of women could easily understand. Language: English Keywords: TENNESSEE | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN | PHARMACY DISTRIBUTION | USER COMPLIANCE | PROMOTION | LANGUAGE | READING | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | FEMALE CONTRACEPTION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | Developed Countries | United States of America | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Marketing | Economic Factors | Communication | Literacy | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Contraception | Family Planning | Education Document Number: 330056 |
| 24. Title: Expanding the Community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Africa. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Family Health International [FHI], 2008. 2 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-0Research Utilization Case Studies) Abstract: Research from Family Health International (FHI), Save the Children USA, and the Uganda Ministry of Health had shown that the community-based distribution (CBD) of injectable contraceptives is safe and feasible in Africa. However, fears about safety and feasibility remained challenges to expanding this promising practice in the region. As the CBD of the injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was being scaled up in Uganda, FHI and its partners launched a broad advocacy campaign to promote the evidence-based practice throughout Africa. The government of Madagascar independently changed its national reproductive health policy and introduced the CBD of DMPA, while the Kenya Ministry of Health and its partners are preparing to launch the CBD of DMPA in Kenya. At least seven other countries have shown interest in replicating the practice. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE SAFETY | PROMOTION | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Safety | Public Health | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors Document Number: 325356 |
| 25. Title: Improving youth education and services. Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, 2008. [2] p. (FHI Briefs: Menu of PracticesUSAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-0) Abstract: Young people are a critically important population group to address when considering education and services for better reproductive health options. Youth are at significant risk of unintended pregnancy and exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Inside or outside of marriage, more than half of young women in sub-Saharan Africa and a third in Latin America and the Caribbean deliver their first child before age 20. Every day, 5,000 young people ages 15 to 24 become infected with HIV, representing almost two million new infections each year. Strategies to improve reproductive health and family planning services for young people can address these growing problems and improve their sexual and reproductive health. These supportive strategies should also segment educational activities to the appropriate age group, ensure that program activities address desired outcomes, reduce gender inequities, and reinforce protective factors such as parental involvement and education. Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RECOMMENDATIONS | YOUTH | PARTICIPATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | MASS MEDIA | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | PROMOTION | PEER EDUCATORS | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Behavior | Behavior | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Marketing | Economic Factors | Education Document Number: 331522 |
| 26. Title: Susan's story: keeping secrets and promoting family planning in rural Kenya. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Sep. [2] p. (Voices No. 23) Abstract: In Kenya's remote North Eastern Province, a woman nervously approached the Ijara District Hospital. She wanted to learn about family planning but feared for her privacy. In her deeply religious community, comprised mainly of ethnic Somali Muslims, households have an average of eight children and family planning is viewed with suspicion. "Are you going to keep the secret?" she asked the young nurse. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH PERSONNEL | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | PROMOTION | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | COUNSELING | ISLAM | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Training Programs | Education | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Religion Document Number: 308934 |
| 27. Title: Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health in East and Southern Africa. Author: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet Source: Cape Town, South Africa, HSRC Press, 2008. 344 p. Abstract: The authors of this volume comprise a network of researchers working in east and southern Africa. They discuss perspectives on adolescent sexual and reproductive health from both the social and biomedical sciences and provide concrete empirical evidence from existing programs. With its careful analysis of what does and does not work at the local level, this book can be a useful tool for academics, practitioners, policy-makers, and program managers. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | AFRICA, EASTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | ADOLESCENT HEALTH | PROMOTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEXUALITY | HEALTH EDUCATION | ABORTION | HEALTH SERVICES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Marketing | Economic Factors | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Education | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Delivery of Health Care | Health Services Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 329517 Notification |
| 28. Title: Assessment of urine-diverting EcoSan toilets in Nepal. Report. Author: WaterAid Source: Kupondole, Nepal, WaterAid in Nepal, 2008 Sep. 72 p. Abstract: The study has found that, overall, the development and promotion of EcoSan toilets in Nepal has been very good. Based on the findings of this study, the following measures are recommended as a way forward for regulating and scaling up EcoSan in Nepal: 1. Institute regulated system for promoting EcoSan by designing a system to standardize designs based on local needs, develop a uniform financing system and ensure quality control. 2. Use the agricultural sector, including research institutions and the large network of extension workers, to further promote EcoSan throughout Nepal. 3. Demonstrate EcoSan in different areas outside the Kathmandu valley - particularly in communities where availability of water and fertilizer is a problem and use of human excreta is not a social taboo. 4. Include EcoSan promotion in existing sanitation and agriculture-related projects and programmes. 5. Promote urine utilization by ensuring that a good urine collection system, with 100 litre plastic tanks, and proper training is mandatory for all EcoSan toilets. 6. Demonstrate the concept of a urine bank that collects urine from different EcoSan users or from places where urine is produced in large quantities and then stores it properly and distributes it when there is a demand for it. 7. Reduce the cost of EcoSan and introduce cost effective models. 8. Promote organic fertilizer. 9. Build local capacity by providing training. 10. Raise awareness of EcoSan through mass communication as well as interpersonal communication. 11. Conduct regular research and monitoring on the performance of EcoSan toilets. 12. Build effective networks for learning and coordination among individuals and organizations involved in promoting EcoSan in Nepal. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | EVALUATION REPORT | SANITATION | WASTE MANAGEMENT | APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY | LATRINES | AGRICULTURE | PERCEPTION | COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS | PROMOTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Evaluation | Public Health | Health | Environment | Technology | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Quantitative Evaluation | Marketing Document Number: 331420 |
| 29. Title: Ecological sanitation latrines: The experience of Nepal. Author: WaterAid Source: Kupondole, Nepal, WaterAid in Nepal, 2008 Sep. 19 p. (Fieldwork Paper) Abstract: The urbanization trend in developing countries including Nepal is accelerating, thus exacerbating the condition of proper sanitation coverage. Despite greater sanitation coverage in urban areas compared to rural parts of Nepal, access to sanitation facilities does not solve the problem of improved sanitation. This is because conventional latrines normally lead to various other pressing environmental problems, along with the injustice of scarce water resources for flushing latrines to keep excreta out of sight, which means that other community accepted sustainable solutions are needed. Therefore, considering the present context and sanitation situation of the country, there is a need for a holistic approach to call for hygienic, sustainable and ecofriendly alternatives and hence, ecological sanitation toilets. This paper argues that Nepal's historical acceptance of ecological sanitation, and its recent experience in using the approach - set out in the evidence presented here - mean that Ecological Sanitation (Ecosan) could be very valuable. It could confront these problems and provide potential "added value" to the livelihood link through agricultural production and water and environment conservation. This paper highlights acceptance and use related issues, lessons learned and challenges experienced for scaling up. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NEPAL | URBAN AREAS | CRITIQUE | SANITATION | WASTE MANAGEMENT | APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY | LATRINES | HYGIENE | AGRICULTURE | PERCEPTION | COST EFFECTIVENESS | PROMOTION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Geographic Factors | Population | Public Health | Health | Environment | Technology | Economic Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Evaluation Indexes | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Marketing Document Number: 331422 |
| 30. Title: WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008. The MPOWER package. Author: World Health Organization [WHO] Source: Geneva, Switzerland, WHO, 2008. 329 p. Abstract: Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today. This year, tobacco will kill more than five million people - more than tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria combined. By 2030, the death toll will exceed eight million a year. Unless urgent action is taken tobacco could kill one billion people during this century. Tobacco is the only legal consumer product that can harm everyone exposed to it - and it kills up to half of those who use it as intended. Yet, tobacco use is common throughout the world due to low prices, aggressive and widespread marketing, lack of awareness about its dangers, and inconsistent public policies against its use. Most of tobacco's damage to health does not become evident until years or even decades after the onset of use. So, while tobacco use is rising globally, the epidemic of tobacco-related disease and death has just begun. But we can change the future. The tobacco epidemic is devastating - but preventable. The fight against tobacco must be engagedforcefully and quickly - with no less urgency than battles against life-threatening infectious diseases. We can halt the tobacco epidemic and move towards a tobacco-free world - but we must act now. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | TEACHING MATERIALS | POPULATION AT RISK | TOBACCO USE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | HEALTH POLICY | INDOOR AIR POLLUTION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | TAXATION | ADVERTISING | PROMOTION | Research Methodology | Behavior | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Environmental Pollution | Environmental Degradation | Environment | Diseases | Behavior Change | Communication Programs | Communication | Financial Activities | Marketing Document Number: 324513 |
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