1.  Title: Family Health International's Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI). Author: Family Health International [FHI] Source: [Research Triangle Park, North Carolina], FHI, [2009]. [3] p. (Research Briefs on HIV Prevention) Abstract: Successful HIV prevention research requires the participation of tens of thousands of women and men at risk for HIV infection. Ultimately, success hinges on the development of multiple international research sites. To increase the number and readiness of such sites, Family Health International (FHI) began the Site Identification and Development Initiative (SIDI) in July 2006. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | ASIA | PROGRESS REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | HIV PREVENTION | INCIDENCE | NEEDS | USAID | GOALS | STANDARDS | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331712 |
| 2. Title: Starting with the classroom: updating family planning knowledge in East Africa. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2009 Feb. [2] p. (Voices No. 28) Abstract: In Kenya, a dedicated midwifery tutor is working hard to train students at Aga Khan University but worries that he isn't teaching them the latest information and techniques. Many of his fellow instructors are in the same situation. "We had our last refresher training ten years ago," he laments. In Tanzania, a midwifery tutor from Tumaini University Faculty of Nursing observes, "Many nurses who are providing service have never been updated on new issues [in family planning]. It will be our responsibility to see how we can help as a training institution because we will send our students to some of these clinics." To build instructors' capacity and address the knowledge gaps, the Capacity Project partnered with East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA) Health Community and Africa's Health in 2010 to deliver a week-long workshop on Contemporary Issues in Family Planning for midwifery tutors in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Held in Dar es Salaam in April 2008, the workshop updated the knowledge of 22 tutors and enabled them to teach their students more effectively. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation showed the workshop to be highly successful. Average scores climbed from 58% on the pre-test to 81% on the post-test. Additionally, 94% reported that they have used the workshop information and resources to update their colleagues. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | NURSE-MIDWIVES | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | SEX EDUCATION | USAID | CAPACITY BUILDING | WORKSHOPS | CONTRACEPTION | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | AUDIOVISUAL AIDS | Africa | Developing Countries | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Education | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Family Planning | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Management | Educational Methods | Educational Activities Document Number: 325236 |
4.  Peer Reviewed Title: Community-based skilled birth attendants in Bangladesh: attending deliveries at home. Author: Ahmed T; Jakaria SM Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):45-50. Abstract: Only 15% of births in Bangladesh in 2007 were delivered at health facilities, but the increase over previous years has been significant, and treatment-seeking from a medically trained provider for obstetric complications has also increased. A programme to create a cadre of skilled birth attendants for home births was launched by the Government of Bangladesh in 2004. The training, for community-based health and family planning fieldworkers, covers 74 essential midwifery skills and danger signs for referral. Training of trainers and supervisors for the fieldworkers was also initiated. By the end of 2008 an estimated 4,000 out of a proposed 13,500 skilled birth attendants and 50 of 4,000 proposed supervisors had been trained and were working in 56 districts. There needs to be a full evaluation of the programme and whether it has reduced maternal deaths. Bangladesh now needs to decide how long to invest in this programme and/or whether to train a new cadre of fully qualified midwives, as proposed by the Nursing Council. We believe this programme can only be an interim measure, not a long-term solution, as more women decide to seek institutional delivery and professional midwifery care. For the moment, though, task-shifting seems to have yielded beneficial results and important insights into human resources planning for safe motherhood in Bangladesh. Spanish Abstract: En 2007, sólo el 15% de los partos en Bangladesh ocurrieron en establecimientos de salud. En comparación con años anteriores, este porcentaje ha aumentado considerablemente, al igual que la búsqueda de tratamiento de complicaciones obstétricas brindado por un profesional médico capacitado. En 2004, el Gobierno de Bangladesh lanzó un programa para crear una categoría de asistentes de partos calificados que ayudaran con los partos domiciliares. La capacitación de trabajadores comunitarios de la salud y de planificación familiar, abarca 74 habilidades esenciales de partería y los signos de alarma para dar referencias. También se inició la capacitación de capacitadores y supervisores de los trabajadores de campo. A finales de 2008, aproximadamente 4,000 de los 13,500 asistentes de partos calificados y 50 de los 4,000 supervisores propuestos habían recibido capacitación y estaban trabajando en 56 distritos. Es necesario realizar una evaluación completa del programa y determinar si éste ha logrado disminuir la tasa de muertes maternas. Bangladesh debe decidir por cuánto tiempo continuar invirtiendo en este programa y/o si capacitar a un nuevo grupo de parteras profesionales plenamente cualificadas, como propone el Consejo de Enfermería. Estimamos que este programa es sólo una medida provisional, no una solución de largo plazo, ya que cada vez más aumenta el número de mujeres que deciden buscar atención institucional y cuidados de partería profesionales. No obstante, por ahora la reasignación de tareas parece haber dado buenos resultados e importantes datos sobre los recursos humanos en la planificación de la maternidad sin riesgos en Bangladesh. French Abstract: Au Bangladesh, en 2007, 15% seulement des naissances avaient eu lieu dans un établissement de santé, mais la hausse par rapport aux précédentes années était sensible et le recours aux services d'un prestataire formé médicalement pour les complications obstétricales avait aussi augmenté. En 2004, le Gouvernement a lancé un programme de création d'un groupe d'accoucheuses qualifiés pour les naissances à domicile. La formation des agents de santé et de planification familiale communautaires couvre 74 compétences obstétricales essentielles et les signes de danger exigeant le transfert de la patiente. La formation des formateurs et des superviseurs des agents de terrain a aussi été lancée. Fin 2008, environ 4000 des 13 500 accoucheuses qualifiés envisagés et 50 des 4000 superviseurs prévus avaient été formés et travaillaient dans 56 districts. Il faut mener une évaluation complète du programme et déterminer s'il a diminué les décès maternels. Le Bangladesh doit maintenant décider pendant combien de temps investir dans ce programme et/ou s'il souhaite former un nouveau groupe de sages-femmes pleinement qualifiées, ainsi que l'a proposé le Conseil des infirmières. Nous pensons que ce programme ne peut être qu'une mesure provisoire et non une solution à long terme, à mesure que davantage de femmes opteront pour un accouchement institutionnel et des soins de sages-femmes professionnelles. Pour le moment, néanmoins, la délégation des tâches semble avoir produit des résultats positifs et des connaissances précieuses sur la planification des ressources humaines pour une maternité à moindre risque au Bangladesh. Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | PROGRESS REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | COMMUNITY WORKERS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | CHILDBIRTH | REFERRAL AND CONSULTATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | MEDICAL SUPERVISION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Supervision | Management Document Number: 342014 |
| 5. Title: Guinea. Village health committees drive family planning uptake: communities play lead role in increased acceptability, availability. Author: Diakite O; Keita DR; Mwebesa W Source: Washington, D.C., Core Group, [2009]. 8 p. Abstract: This document highlights the Village Health Committee (VHC), a vital player in the child survival project and the integration of family planning work within Save the Children's portfolio in Guinea. The document briefly describes the committee's purpose, membership, and tasks. It focuses on a handful of the people and activities that exemplified the VHCs' unique role in ensuring that family planning was not only accessible but acceptable to the villagers they served. The document concludes with some outcomes of Save the Children's family planning component in Mandiana and Kouroussa. In effect, the VHCs' stellar success in building demand for contraception (when coupled with modest investments in existing health workers' ability to supply modern methods) resulted in a sustained increase in the use of contraception in the project zone. Language: English Keywords: GUINEA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | COMMUNITY | RURAL POPULATION | USAID | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | RURAL HEALTH SERVICES | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | PROGRAM ACCEPTABILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management Document Number: 325193 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Challenge and co-operation: civil society activism for access to HIV treatment in Thailand. Author: Ford N; Wilson D; Cawthorne P; Kumphitak A; Kasi-Sedapan S; Kaetkaew S; Teemanka S; Donmon B; Preuanbuapan C Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2009 Mar;14(3):258-66. Abstract: Civil society has been a driving force behind efforts to increase access to treatment in Thailand. A focus on HIV medicines brought civil society and non-governmental and government actors together to fight for a single cause, creating a platform for joint action on practical issues to improve care for people with HIV/AIDS (PHA) within the public health system. The Thai Network of People with HIV/AIDS, in partnership with other actors, has provided concrete support for patients and for the health system as a whole; its efforts have contributed significantly to the availability of affordable generic medicines, early treatment for opportunistic infections, and an informed and responsible approach towards antiretroviral treatment that is critical to good adherence and treatment success. This change in perception of PHA from 'passive receiver' to 'co-provider' of health care has led to improved acceptance and support within the healthcare system. Today, most PHA in Thailand can access treatment, and efforts have shifted to supporting care for excluded populations. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ADVOCACY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | AIDS PREVENTION | TREATMENT | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | USER COMPLIANCE | PERCEPTION | ACCEPTANCE PROCESS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | AIDS | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Health | HIV | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Decision Making Document Number: 330957 |
| 7. Title: Developments in national policies for food and nutrition security in Brazil. Author: Rocha C Source: Development Policy Review. 2009 Mar;27(1):51-66. Abstract: Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credited to bold and innovative government policies backed by new forms of popular participation in social policy. This article examines evaluation evidence on two of the most important recent initiatives in Brazil's policies for food and nutrition security (conditional cash transfers through Bolsa Família and support for family agriculture through the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos). It also considers advances in older policies (such as the School Meals programme) and the work of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security, which has culminated in national legislation establishing food and nutrition security as a right. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | HEALTH POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | PARTICIPATION | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | INCENTIVES | HOME ECONOMICS | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | LEGISLATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Rural Development Document Number: 341094 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Wellness programmes for persons living with HIV/AIDS: experiences from Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Author: Worley S; Didiza Z; Nomatshila S; Porter S; Makwedini N; Macharia D; Hoos D Source: Global Public Health. 2009 Apr 3;:1-18. Abstract: Columbia University's International Centre for AIDS Care and Treatment Programmes (ICAP) supports the establishment of HIV prevention, care and treatment programmes, in resource-limited countries, through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. In South Africa (SA), ICAP has collaborated with the Eastern Cape Department of Health since 2004, to support HIV treatment and care programmes at public healthcare facilities in rural and urban areas. Adherence, psychosocial and other supportive services have been combined into Wellness Programmes that have been situated within hospital-based Wellness Centres in two rural regions, and integrated within primary healthcare facilities in a third. This paper reviews components of wellness services for people living with HIV/AIDS including: voluntary counselling and testing, disclosure and prevention, ongoing counselling, health literacy and peer education, community- and home-based care, adherence support, and associated comprehensive care continuums. It also describes local context in which the Wellness Programmes were established. Finally it describes processes, successes and challenges, with programme development, and useful indicators monitored, lessons learned and strategies to strengthen and expand such programmes. Insights provided may inform other efforts to create sustainable systems of interdisciplinary care and accessible psychosocial support for HIV-infected persons within public facilities in resource-constrained settings. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | RURAL POPULATION | PEER EDUCATORS | USER COMPLIANCE | AIDS PREVENTION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | HOSPITALS | HOME CARE | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Behavior | AIDS | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Care and Support | Health Services | Primary Health Care | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341475 |
| 9. Title: Picking up the pieces: Women's experience of urban violence in Brazil. Author: Amnesty International Source: London, United Kingdom, Amnesty International, 2008. 80 p. http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR19/001/2008/fr/eec038ff-0a02-11dd-badf-1352a91852c5/amr190012008fra.pdf (French) http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR19/001/2008/es/6b8bf868-11de-11dd-a257-bd451c5f5cc0/amr190012008spa.pdf (Spanish) Abstract: These stories provide a glimpse of what life is like for women in many parts of Brazil today. In socially excluded communities women live out their lives against a backdrop of constant criminal and police violence. The impact of this violence on their lives is complex and profound, yet their stories are rarely heard. In a debate that has traditionally centred on gun violence, the focus has invariably been on young men - the overwhelming majority of those involved in gun crime, both as perpetrators and victims. This report focuses on the largely untold stories of women struggling to live their lives, to bring up their children and to fight for justice amid police and criminal violence. Amnesty International has addressed the question of criminal gangs in previous publications, consistently condemning their actions and highlighting how the failure of the state to combat criminal violence has effectively condemned millions of people to lives of fear and misery. This report highlights some of the patterns of human rights violations against women in particular. Building on Amnesty International's past work on public security, it looks at how women deal with high levels of criminal violence in the absence of state protection; how increasing numbers of women have become directly or indirectly involved in the drug trade; and how women's contact with the criminal justice system often makes already traumatic situations worse. Most worryingly, it identifies how for decades the state has been directly responsible for the fact that women are suffering attacks and violence at the hands of criminal gangs and law enforcement officials. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POLICE | PRISONERS | URBAN POPULATION | CRIME | VIOLENCE | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | CHILD CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | WOMEN'S STATUS | HOUSING | WOMEN'S HEALTH | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Corrections Officers | Government | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Problems | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Child Rearing | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health Document Number: 326743 |
| 10. Title: Saving lives now. Female condoms and the role of U.S. foreign aid. Author: Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE] Source: Takoma Park, Maryland, Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE], 2008. 56 p. Abstract: "Saving Lives Now: Female Condoms and the Role of U.S. Foreign Aid" relies on peer reviewed literature and interviews with reproductive health commodities programming and policy experts to outline the importance of female condoms as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention programs. "Saving Lives Now" presents an in-depth overview of the female condom -- the only available HIV prevention method designed for women to initiate and control. The report explains the products, their many benefits and proven acceptability among women and men, and the challenges to making female condoms accessible to women and men. The report also describes the U.S. role in the procurement, distribution and programming of female condoms, and identifies policy and financial barriers within the U.S. government that inhibit successful integration of female condoms into reproductive health and HIV prevention interventions. In conclusion, the report offers policy and program recommendations aimed at improving U.S. support for increased global access to female condoms. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMALE CONDOMS | FOREIGN AID | MICROBICIDES | ANAL SEX | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | LOGISTICS | COORDINATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Management | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 326043 |
| 11. Title: Progress toward strengthening blood transfusion services--14 countries, 2003-2007. Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 Nov 28;57(47):1273-7. Abstract: Nearly all persons transfused with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood become infected, and blood transfusions are a substantial source of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among women and children. Since 2004, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided technical and financial support to strengthen national blood transfusion services in 14 countries in Africa and the Caribbean with high prevalence of HIV infection. PEPFAR has supported efforts to improve blood supply adequacy and safety by providing policy guidance, strengthening laboratory infrastructure, and enhancing blood donor recruitment and retention practices. To assess the progress made by these countries with PEPFAR support, CDC analyzed data collected by national blood transfusion services in the 14 countries during 2003-2007. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 1) national policies had been established in 12 of the 14 countries; 2) the number of whole blood units collected had increased in all 14 countries; 3) the percentage of collections from voluntary, non-remunerated donors had increased; and 4) the percentage of collected blood units reactive for HIV had decreased in 13 of the 14 countries. Since the start of the PEPFAR initiative, progress toward improving safe and adequate supplies of blood has been made in the 14 countries with high prevalence of HIV infection. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION INDEXES | BLOOD DONORS | POLICYMAKERS | WORLD AIDS DAY | BLOOD TRANSFUSION | CAPACITY BUILDING | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | FOREIGN AID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | SAFETY | STANDARDS | QUALITY CONTROL | HIV TESTING | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Blood Supply | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | International Cooperation | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Treatment | Program Sustainability | Programs | Management | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Public Health | Research Methodology | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses Document Number: 329841 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Mind the gap: Equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries. Author: Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr 12-18;371(9620):1259-1267. Abstract: Increasing the coverage of key maternal, newborn, and child health interventions is essential if Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 are to be reached. We have assessed equity and trends in coverage rates of a key set of interventions through a summary index, to provide overall insight into past performance and progress perspectives. Data from household surveys from 54 countries in the Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival initiative during 1990-2006 were used to compute an aggregate coverage index based on four intervention areas: family planning, maternal and newborn care, immunisation, and treatment of sick children. The four areas were given equal weight in the computation of the index. Standard measures were applied to assess current levels and trends in the coverage gap measure by wealth quintile. The overall size of the coverage gap ranged from less than 20% in Tajikistan and Peru to over 70% in Ethiopia and Chad, with a mean of 43% for the most recent surveys inthe 54 countries. Large intracountry differences were noted, with a country mean coverage gap of 54% for the poorest quintiles of the population and 29% for the wealthiest. Differences between the poorest and the wealthiest were largest for the maternal and newborn health intervention area and smallest for immunisation. In 40 countries with more than one survey, the coverage gap had decreased by an average of 0.9 percentage points per year since the early 1990s. Declines greater than 2 percentage points per year were seen in only three countries after 1995: Cambodia, Mozambique, and Nepal. Country inequity patterns were remarkably persistant over time, with only gradual changes from top inequity (disproportionately smaller gap for the wealthiest) in countries with coverage gaps exceeding 40%, to linear patterns and bottom inequity (disproportionately greater gap for the poorest) in surveys with gaps below 40%. Despite most Countdown countries having made gradual progress since 1990, coverage gaps for key interventions remain wide and, in most such countries, the pace of decline needs to be more than doubled to reach levels of coverage of these and other interventions needed in the context of MDG 4 and 5. In general, in-country patterns of inequality are consistant and change only gradually if at all, which has implications for the targeting of interventions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | PROGRESS REPORT | SURVEYS | INTERVENTIONS | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INEQUALITIES | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Program Evaluation | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 325843 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Countdown to 2015 for maternal, newborn, and child survival: the 2008 report on tracking coverage of interventions. Author: Countdown to 2015 Core Group. Countdown Coverage Writing Group Source: Lancet. 2008 Apr 12-18;371(9620):1247-1258. Abstract: The Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival initiative monitors coverage of priority interventions to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for reduction of maternal and child mortality. We aimed to report on 68 countries which have 97% of maternal and child deaths worldwide, and on 22 interventions that have been proven to improve maternal, newborn, and child survival. We selected countries with high rates of maternal and child deaths, and interventions with the most potential to avert such deaths. We analysed country-specific data for maternal and child mortality and coverage of selected interventions. We also tracked cause-of-death profiles; indicators of nutritional status; the presence of supportive policies; financial flows to maternal, newborn, and child health; and equity in coverage of interventions. Of the 68 priority countries, 16 were on track to meet MDG 4. Of these, seven had been on track in 2005 when the Countdown initiative was launched, three (including China) moved into the on-track category in 2008, and six were included in the Countdown process for the first time in 2008. Trends in maternal mortality that would indicate progress towards MDG 5 were not available, but in most (56 of 68) countries, maternal mortality was high or very high. Coverage of different interventions varied widely both between and within countries. Interventions that can be routinely scheduled, such as immunisation and antenatal care, had much higher coverage than those that rely on functional health systems and 24-hour availability of clinical services, such as skilled or emergency care at birth and care of ill newborn babies and children. Data for postnatal care were either unavailable or showed poor coverage in almost all 68 countries. The most rapid increases in coverage were seen for immunisation, which also received significant investment during this period. Rapid progress is possible, but much more can and must be done. Focused efforts will be needed to improve coverage, especially for priorities such as contraceptive services, care in childbirth, postnatal care, and clinical case management of illnesses in newborn babies and children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | PROGRESS REPORT | SURVEYS | INTERVENTIONS | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | IMMUNIZATION | CHILD SURVIVAL | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INEQUALITIES | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Program Evaluation | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 325844 |
| 14. Title: Interim report, July 1, 2007 - December 31, 2007, Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies Research and Utilization Program. Cooperative Agreement GPO-A-00-05-00022-00. Author: Family Health International [FHI]. Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies Research and Utilization Program [CRTU] Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, FHI, CRTU, [2008]. [227] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00) Abstract: This interim report covers work carried out by Family Health International (FHI) between July 1, 2007 and Decerrlber 31, 2007 under the Contraceptive and Reproductive Health Technologies and Research Utilization (CRTU) Cooperative Agreement with the United States Agency for International Development. The Agreement No. GPO-A-00-05-00022-00 was awarded to FHI on April 29, 2005 and covers a five-year program of work. We are currently in Year 3 of program implementation. Since its founding in 1971, Family Health International has worked with USAID to advance and support family planning and reproductive health programs worldwide. The CRTU Program continues this tradition with the goal of increasing the range of available choices and the use of safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable contraceptive methods and reproductive health technologies, including microbicides, delivered through high-quality family planning and reproductive health services in developing countries. A primary focus of the current cooperative agreement is research utilization. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | PROGRESS REPORT | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | USAID | FAMILY PLANNING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS | MICROBICIDES | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | PRODUCT APPROVAL | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | COUNSELING | FUNDS | Research Methodology | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Contraception | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Technology | Economic Factors | Legislation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Disease Transmission Control | Prevention and Control | Diseases | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Financial Activities Document Number: 331620 |
| 15. Title: Safeguarding contraceptive security in Latin America and the Caribbean. Author: Futures Group International. Health Policy Initiative Source: Washington, D.C., Futures Group International, Health Policy Initiative, 2008 Sep. 4 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) This brief is also available in Spanish: Salvaguardando la Disponibilidad Asegurada de Insumos Anticonceptivos en America Latina y El Caribe at http://www.healthpolicyinitiative.com/index.cfm?ID=publications&get=pubID&pubID=605 Abstract: This brief describes HPI's contributions to the work of USAID's Regional Initiative on Contraceptive Security in Latin America and the Caribbean. It highlights key approaches and activities, outcomes to date, and provides an extensive list of resources. A CD-ROM companion to this brief is available. It contains all the resources, as well as supplemental materials. Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | DATA COLLECTION | COUPLES | USAID | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CAPACITY BUILDING | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | DECISION MAKING | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Contraceptive Availability | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Management | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Behavior Document Number: 323063 |
| 16. Title: Better service for the client and the community: strengthening HIV training in Belize. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Aug. [2] p. (Voices No. 22) Abstract: The Capacity Project is helping universities in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Panama to improve HIV-related pre-service education. The University of Belize faculty, under the leadership of Dr. Shirlene Smith-Augustine and Gabriel Carrillo, worked with Project staff on this initiative and began helping to build capacity to develop the training center they envisioned. The goal was for the university to offer training and refresher courses on counseling and testing to providers from public and private health services and to strengthen the integration of HIV into the curriculum. Language: English Keywords: BELIZE | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH PERSONNEL | HIV PREVENTION | CAPACITY BUILDING | UNIVERSITIES | TRAINING PROGRAMS | COUNSELING | VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Schools | Education | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | HIV Testing | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services Document Number: 308933 |
| 17. Title: Human relations: building leadership in southern Sudan's health sector. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Voices. 2008 Oct;(24):2 p. Abstract: This article presents the personal story of a manager in the Ministry of Health who benefited from the Project's leadership development training and went in to train key managers in the health sector. Language: English Keywords: SUDAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | HEALTH PERSONNEL | TRAINERS | LEADERSHIP | HEALTH SERVICES | CAPACITY BUILDING | MANAGEMENT | HUMAN RESOURCES | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | Africa, North | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Training Programs | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Economic Factors Document Number: 328334 |
| 18. Title: Looking to the future: Improving family planning access and quality in Rwanda. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Feb. [2] p. (Voices No. 16) Abstract: In geographically small and densely populated Rwanda, "there's an imbalance between population growth and economic development," says Dr. Camille Munyangabe. As the national representative for family planning on the Maternal and Child Health Task Force at the Ministry of Health, he is dedicated to meeting this challenge. "The population is far too numerous for the country's capacity to sustain them geographically-not enough land-and economically-the level of poverty is unacceptable," he explains. "That's why the State puts such an emphasis on family planning," Dr. Munyangabe continues. Rwanda's population policy calls for an increase in modern contraceptive prevalence from 7% in 2003 to 60% in 2015 and 80% in 2020. "To this end, we formed a special partnership with USAID and IntraHealth International, which implements the Capacity Project as lead partner and covers 11 districts out of 30." (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: RWANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | TRAINING OF TRAINERS | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | POPULATION CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Training Programs | Education | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 326283 |
| 19. Title: Susan's story: keeping secrets and promoting family planning in rural Kenya. Author: IntraHealth International. Capacity Project Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, IntraHealth International, Capacity Project, 2008 Sep. [2] p. (Voices No. 23) Abstract: In Kenya's remote North Eastern Province, a woman nervously approached the Ijara District Hospital. She wanted to learn about family planning but feared for her privacy. In her deeply religious community, comprised mainly of ethnic Somali Muslims, households have an average of eight children and family planning is viewed with suspicion. "Are you going to keep the secret?" she asked the young nurse. Language: English Keywords: KENYA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | NURSES AND NURSING | HEALTH PERSONNEL | RURAL POPULATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | PROMOTION | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | COUNSELING | ISLAM | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Training Programs | Education | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Marketing | Economic Factors | Ethics | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Religion Document Number: 308934 |
| 20. Title: Global Fund financing of condoms and contraceptive security. Policy brief. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, [2008]. 5 p. (Policy Brief) Abstract: This brief summarizes publicly available data on the amount of Global Fund financing that has been made available for the procurement of condoms in recent years, and outlines opportunities to strengthen reproductive health commodity security through the use of Global Fund financing. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | CONDOMS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | USAID | HIV PREVENTION | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | Programs | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 327297 |
| 21. Title: The Global Fund supports reproductive health commodity security. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. 5 p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1) Abstract: This policy update discusses the decision, by local Global Fund stakeholders, to fund contraceptives in Rwanda. Although Global Fund financing has been used in the past to finance condoms in a number of countries, Rwanda is believed to be the first country to fund contraceptives as part of its efforts to fight HIV and AIDS. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FUNDS | FOREIGN AID | HIV PREVENTION | INTEGRATED PROGRAMS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | GRANTS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GENDER ISSUES | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 325090 |
| 22. Title: The Global Fund supports reproductive health commodity security. Policy brief. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008 May. 4 p. (Policy Brief) Abstract: The policy brief shows how the new Global Fund Round 8 provides opportunities to fund reproductive health supplies, including contraceptives. It also provides advocacy messages that can help encourage countries to procure contraceptives with Global Fund financing, and discusses the considerations to be made when planning for these procurements. Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | WOMEN | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | GENDER ISSUES | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | CONDOMS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | USAID | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 327298 |
| 23. Title: IQC semi-annual report: October 2007 to March 2008. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008 May. 28 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-00-06-00007-00) Abstract: In this report, we summarize the task orders and their accomplishments during the first six months of the second year of the IQC; we also describe progress against selected IQC-wide indicators and the new business model. Each task order promotes improved product availability, but focuses on different products and customers, and places a different emphasis on each of the three objectives. Table 1 summarizes key activities across the task orders under the three IQC objectives. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | PROGRESS REPORT | LOGISTICS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | USAID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PUBLIC HEALTH | INFLUENZA | MALARIA PREVENTION | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | BEST PRACTICES | DECISION MAKING | ADVOCACY | Management | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Behavior | Communication Document Number: 331676 |
| 24. Title: A strong supply chain responds to increased demand for contraceptives in Rwanda. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. 4 p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1) Abstract: Contraceptive security is achieved when individuals have the ability to choose, obtain, and use quality contraceptives whenever they need them. The success story, "A Strong Supply Chain Responds to Increased Demand for Contraceptives in Rwanda," highlights how, during the last 10 years, the many changes made by the Rwandan Ministry of Health and its partners (including the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT) led to an increased demand for family planning at the local level. As a result, Rwanda made impressive gains in its contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR)-a sevenfold increase in the use of modern methods-from 4 percent in 2000, post-conflict, to 27 percent in 2008. Language: English Keywords: RWANDA | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | LOGISTICS | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | CONTRACEPTIVE DISTRIBUTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | POLITICAL FACTORS | STORAGE AND WAREHOUSES | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Management | Organization and Administration | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Contraception | Family Planning | Family Planning Programs Document Number: 329564 |
| 25. Title: Task Order 1 semi-annual report. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, John Snow [JSI], DELIVER, 2008 May. 26 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-06-00007-00) Abstract: The TO1 Semi-annual Report documents the activities and accomplishments of Task Order 1 from October 1, 2007-March 31, 2008. Key sections include improving and strengthening in-country supply systems, advocacy and collaboration with partners, USAID's provision of commodities for programs, and progress on implementing our new business model. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | PROGRESS REPORT | LOGISTICS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | USAID | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PUBLIC HEALTH | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | CONTRACEPTIVE SECURITY | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | BEST PRACTICES | DECISION MAKING | ADVOCACY | Management | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Health | Contraception | Family Planning | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Behavior | Communication Document Number: 331677 |
| 26. Title: Using GIS tools to address disparities in access to family planning services and commodities in LAC and the Caribbean. Author: John Snow [JSI]. DELIVER Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, DELIVER, 2008. 8 p. (USAID Deliver Project, Task Order 1) Abstract: This paper demonstrates a methodology that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) ministries of health can easily use to geographically identify and target scarce resources to improve access to family planning. Guatemala was chosen as a case study for implementing the methodology, in large part because of the disparities that exist between its different subpopulations. The results highlight the potential for applying this methodology in other countries in the LAC region. Language: English Keywords: LATIN AMERICA | CARIBBEAN | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION INDEXES | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INEQUALITIES | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | USAID | Americas | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | Population Characteristics | Population | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Management | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Programs | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors Document Number: 329565 |
| 27. Title: Girls' education and HIV prevention. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2008. [2] p. (Advocacy Briefing NoteED/UNP/HIV/2008/IATT-ABN1) Abstract: Educating girls is a global priority, especially as two-thirds of young people living with HIV around the world are female. Recent research has shown that educating girls dramatically reduces their vulnerability to HIV. Studies show that HIV infection rates are at least twice as high among young people who do not finish primary school as among those who do. Yet around the world, more than 41 million girls are out of school. Despite numerous international commitments to the right of all children and young people to free and compulsory education, there are still major gender disparities in enrollment at all levels in low-income countries, which are often hit the hardest by AIDS. Girls are often the last to enroll in primary school and the first to drop out. Even fewer girls succeed in reaching secondary school. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | KAP SURVEYS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | HIV PREVENTION | SEX EDUCATION | SAFER SEX | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | FAMILY ALLOWANCES | SCHOOL-BASED SERVICES | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | HEALTH EDUCATION | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Programs | Organization and Administration | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 326775 |
| 28. Title: HIV and AIDS education in emergencies. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2008. [2] p. (Advocacy Briefing NoteED/UNP/HIV/2008/IATT-ABN3) Abstract: The relationship between HIV and AIDS and humanitarian crisis is complex: conflict increases vulnerability, especially among women and children, as sexual violence increases (e.g. through the use of rape as a weapon of war), and social networks and institutions that usually provide support and regulate behavior break down. At the same time, there is evidence that in some situations, instability can also play a "protective" role vis-a-vis HIV infection, by limiting population mobility to high prevalence areas (often urban) and isolating communities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | STATISTICAL STUDIES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | REFUGEES | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | DISASTER RELIEF | HIV PREVENTION | WAR | RAPE | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | BORDER CROSSING | ADVOCACY | SEX EDUCATION | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Financial Activities | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Crime | Social Problems | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | International Migration | Communication | Education Document Number: 326776 |
| 29. Title: Mainstreaming HIV in education. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2008. [2] p. (Advocacy Briefing NoteED/UNP/HIV/2008/IATT-ABN2) Abstract: Education and HIV & AIDS are inextricably linked. On the one hand, the chances of achieving crucial education goals set by the international community are severely threatened by HIV and AIDS. On the other hand, global commitments to strategies, policies and programs that reduce the vulnerability of children and young people to HIV will not be met without the full contribution of the education sector. Preventing and mitigating the impact of the AIDS epidemic through the education sector is critical, yet all too often responsibility for education and HIV has fallen under different spheres of authority. HIV and AIDS is frequently an add-on to the existing education system, rather than an integral part of education planning. A comprehensive sector-wide approach which mainstreams HIV and AIDS into existing education sector programs - taking account of the underlying causes of vulnerability to HIV infection and the longer term consequences of AIDS - is a crucial step towards addressing the epidemic. In addition, early mainstreaming actions in low prevalence countries may help to stem the surge of AIDS epidemics and reduce the likelihood that concentrated epidemics become more generalized. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | TEACHERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADVOCACY | HIV PREVENTION | PREVALENCE | LABOR UNIONS | HIV INFECTIONS | UNESCO | WHO | WORLD BANK | Research Methodology | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Measurement | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | UN | International Agencies Document Number: 326777 |
| 30. Title: Teachers living with HIV. Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS [UNAIDS]. Inter-Agency Task Team on Education Source: Paris, France, UNESCO, 2008. [2] p. (Advocacy Briefing NoteED/UNP/HIV/2008/IATT-ABN4) Abstract: Teachers play a key custodian role within the educational system. They serve as role models, mentors and guardians. They are also central to efforts to achieve the Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MGDs), as educational is seen both as a right and as a central pillar of efforts to eradicate poverty. Like all members of the population, however, teachers are susceptible to HIV. In countries with high HIV infection rates, most notable in sun-Saharan Africa, this susceptibly is increasingly noticeable. As more and more teachers die, an already weakened educational system is left with the dual challenge of increasing numbers of pupils and decreasing numbers of teachers. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | TEACHERS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ADVOCACY | HIV PREVENTION | PREVALENCE | LABOR UNIONS | HIV INFECTIONS | UNAIDS | STIGMA | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | Research Methodology | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Communication | Measurement | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | |