1.  Title: Breaking down barriers to high-quality health care for the world's most vulnerable populations. Author: JHPIEGO Source: [Baltimore, Maryland], JHPIEGO, [2009]. [2] p. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | OBSTACLES | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | ADVOCACY | EVALUATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FUNDS | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication | Planning | Health | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 331765 |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Breaking the silence: South African HIV policies and the needs of men who have sex with men. Author: Rispel LC; Metcalf CA Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2009 May;17(33):133-142. Abstract: Although the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa preceded the onset of the generalised HIV epidemic by several years, current policies and programmes focus on heterosexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission. We used an adaptation of the UNAIDS Country Harmonised Alignment Tool (CHAT) to assess whether existing HIV policies and programmes in South Africa address the needs of MSM. This covered mapping of key risk factors and epidemiology of HIV among MSM; participation of MSM in the HIV response; and an enabling environment for service provision, funding and human resources. We found that current policies and programmes are unresponsive to the needs of MSM and that epidemiologic information is lacking, in spite of policy on MSM in the National Strategic Plan. We recommend that government initiate sentinel surveillance to determine HIV prevalence among MSM, social science research on the contexts of HIV transmission among MSM, and appropriate HIV prevention and care strategies. MSM should be closely involved in the design of policies and programmes. Supportive programme development should include dedicated financial and human resources, appropriate guidelines, and improved access to and coverage of HIV prevention, treatment and care services for MSM. Spanish Abstract: Aunque en Sudáfrica la epidemia del VIH entre hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres (HSH) precedió por varios años al inicio de la epidemia generalizada del VIH, las políticas y los programas actuales se centran en la transmisión heterosexual y la transmisión materno-infantil. Usamos una adaptación del Mecanismo Nacional de Armonización y Concordancia (CHAT), creado por ONUSIDA, con el fin de determinar si las políticas y los programas de VIH en Sudáfrica satisfacen las necesidades de los HSH. Se abarcó el mapeo de los factores de riesgo clave y la epidemiología del VIH entre HSH; la participación de los HSH en respuesta al VIH; y un ambiente propicio para la prestación de servicios, financiamiento y recursos humanos. Encontramos que las políticas y los programas vigentes no son receptivos a las necesidades de los HSH y que falta información epidemiológica, pese a la política de HSH del Plan Estratégico Nacional. Recomendamos que el gobierno inicie vigilancia centinela para determinar la prevalencia de VIH entre HSH, investigación en ciencias sociales sobre el contexto de la transmisión del VIH entre HSH, y estrategias adecuadas para la prevención y el tratamiento del VIH. Los HSH deben participar estrechamente en la formulación de políticas y programas. El desarrollo de programas de apoyo debe incluir recursos financieros y humanos dedicados, directrices apropiadas y mejor acceso a los servicios de prevención, tratamiento y atención del VIH entre HSH, así como mejor cobertura de estos. French Abstract: Même si en Afrique du Sud, l'épidémie de VIH chez les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH) a précédé de plusieurs années le début de l'épidémie généralisée, les politiques et programmes actuels sont focalisés sur la transmission hétérosexuelle et mère-enfant. Nous avons adapté l'outil d'harmonisation et d'alignement national (CHAT) de l'ONUSIDA pour évaluer si les politiques et programmes sud-africains répondent aux besoins des HSH. Nous avons pour cela examiné les principaux facteurs de risque et l'épidémiologie du VIH chez les HSH ; la participation des HSH à la riposte au VIH ; et l'environnement propice pour la prestation des services, le financement et les ressources humaines. Nous avons découvert que les politiques et programmes ne satisfont pas les besoins des HSH et que l'information épidémiologique fait défaut, en dépit de la politique sur les HSH dans le Plan stratégique national. Nous recommandons au Gouvernement commence une surveillance sentinelle afin d'évaluer la prévalence du VIH chez les HSH, une recherche en sciences sociales sur les contextes de la transmission du VIH chez les HSH et des stratégies adaptées de prévention et de soins du VIH. Les HSH doivent être étroitement associés à la conception des politiques et des programmes. La définition de programmes positifs devrait inclure des ressources humaines et financières dédiées, des directives appropriées et une couverture étendue de la prévention, du traitement et des soins, ainsi qu'un accès élargi des HSH à ces services. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | MEN HAVING SEX WITH MEN | HIV INFECTIONS | RISK FACTORS | EPIDEMICS | HEALTH POLICY | HIV PREVENTION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PARTICIPATION | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Behavior | Program Evaluation Document Number: 342022 |
| 3. Title: Building international research partnerships to develop HIV programs for women of color in the context of social inequalities and human rights. Author: Sanders-Phillips K; Pretorius L; Reddy P Source: Social Work In Public Health. 2009 Jan-Apr;24(1-2):60-75. Abstract: This article examines relationships among social inequality, drug use, and HIV risk for women of color in the United States and South Africa. In the first section, social and cultural factors that may place women of color at risk for drug use and exposure to HIV are identified. In the second section, lessons learned while developing HIV prevention research protocols for women of color in South Africa are presented and discussed. Experience suggests that to effectively address women's risks of drug use and AIDS requires specific theoretical models and methodological approaches that acknowledge the critical interface that may exist among social inequality, drug use, and AIDS risk for women worldwide. Successful HIV prevention and intervention programs for women of color worldwide also require international research partnerships that are based on mutual respect between partners and attention to the needs and priorities of the target populations. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | WOMEN | BLACKS | INEQUALITIES | HUMAN RIGHTS | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 341953 |
| 4. Title: Intimate relations: Sex, lives and poverty. A resource for policy makers and programmers working in population and development. Author: Asia-Pacific Alliance Source: [Bangkok, Thailand], Asia-Pacific Alliance, 2008. [47] p. Abstract: The New Zealand Coalition of the Asia Pacific Alliance, advancing the ICPD agenda proudly presents a new resource: Intimate Relations: Sex, Lives and Poverty. This resource has been created as a tool to highlight how sexual and reproductive health is crucial to achieve quality development (or more specifically, the MDGs). With a Pacific flavour, the resource highlights the issues and provides a set of questions to guide policy-makers and programmers in thinking about sexual and reproductive health in all that they do. Language: English Keywords: OCEANIA | RECOMMENDATIONS | POLICYMAKERS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POVERTY | GOALS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | FOREIGN AID | EDUCATION | FAMILY PLANNING | ENVIRONMENT | Developing Countries | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Health | Human Rights | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Planning | Programs | Financial Activities Document Number: 331849 |
| 5. Title: Saving lives now. Female condoms and the role of U.S. foreign aid. Author: Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE] Source: Takoma Park, Maryland, Center for Health and Gender Equity [CHANGE], 2008. 56 p. Abstract: "Saving Lives Now: Female Condoms and the Role of U.S. Foreign Aid" relies on peer reviewed literature and interviews with reproductive health commodities programming and policy experts to outline the importance of female condoms as part of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention programs. "Saving Lives Now" presents an in-depth overview of the female condom -- the only available HIV prevention method designed for women to initiate and control. The report explains the products, their many benefits and proven acceptability among women and men, and the challenges to making female condoms accessible to women and men. The report also describes the U.S. role in the procurement, distribution and programming of female condoms, and identifies policy and financial barriers within the U.S. government that inhibit successful integration of female condoms into reproductive health and HIV prevention interventions. In conclusion, the report offers policy and program recommendations aimed at improving U.S. support for increased global access to female condoms. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FEMALE CONDOMS | FOREIGN AID | MICROBICIDES | ANAL SEX | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | LOGISTICS | COORDINATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Vaginal Barrier Methods | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Financial Activities | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Interpersonal Relations | Management | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 326043 |
| 6. Title: Private Sector Mobilization for Family Health (PRISM). Year 4 annual report, 1 October 2007 to 30 September 2008. Contract No. 492-C-00-04-0036-00. Author: Chemonics International Source: [Manila], Philippines, Chemonics International, 2008 Nov 15. 81 p. (USAID Contract No. 492-C-00-04-0036-00) Abstract: The Private Sector Mobilization for Family Health (PRISM) project successfully completed the fourth of its five years with most targets accomplished and many activities yielding valuable lessons and new capacities for increasing private sector responses to meeting family health needs of Filipinos. PRISM has generated results from engaging the private sector to take advantage of commercial opportunities in providing family health goods and services to the market through the following: Workplace-based family health services at 500 companies and cooperatives, 365 of which have signed letters of commitment; Commercial sales of four low-priced contraceptives by pharmaceutical companies; Community-based health services of 213 private-practice midwives; Synergistic combinations of these three elements (workplace programs, commercial pharmaceutical market, midwives in private practice (PPMs)) in 33 provinces and cities. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | ANNUAL REPORT | USAID | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | PRIVATE SECTOR | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | HEALTH SERVICES | NEEDS | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | COUNSELING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING | WORKPLACE | MATERNAL-CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | CHILD HEALTH | FUNDS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Change | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Contraception | Clinic Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Employment | Financial Activities Document Number: 331438 |
| 7. Title: Redefining AIDS in Asia: Crafting an effective response. Report of the Commission on AIDS in Asia. Author: Commission on AIDS in Asia Source: New Delhi, India, Oxford University Press, 2008. [255] p. Abstract: This report from an independent Commission on AIDS in Asia outlines strong recommendations for more effective national responses to AIDS across Asia. The report recommends that high-impact interventions, such as HIV prevention programs focused on key populations and antiretroviral treatment, should constitute the core of the HIV response across Asia. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | CRITIQUE | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION INDEXES | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POLICYMAKERS | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | FOREIGN AID | COST EFFECTIVENESS | HEALTH POLICY | IMPACT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Quantitative Evaluation | Evaluation | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | AIDS | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Programs Document Number: 327397 |
| 8. Title: AWARENESS Project. Nicaragua country report, 2003-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [18] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: In 2003, IRH and MSH formed a partnership to support the Nicaragua Ministry of Health (MOH) in incorporating the standard days method (SDM) into its family planning services. The integration and sustainability plan focused on five strategic areas: training, commodities, services, research, and advocacy. The Strategy for Community Delivery of Contraceptive Supplies in communities with poor access guided the SDM initiative. This national strategy aimed to increase access to services in areas with low coverage relative to demand. IRH and MSH presented the SDM to MOH officials as a viable option to increase contraceptive options and improve overall family planning services in the country. The MOH accepted the proposal for implementation, with the condition that the team first carry out a demonstration study. One of the project objectives was to increase the quality and availability of family planning. Part of IRH's mission is to support governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the incorporation of fertility awareness-based methods into existing programs. IRH, therefore, provided technical assistance to MSH in Nicaragua for training; an initial donation of CycleBeads® and information, education, and communication (IEC) materials; and design support for a local strategy to ensure SDM sustainability in the public sector and NGO programs. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | SUMMARY REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Health | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation Document Number: 327640 |
| 9. Title: AWARENESS Project. Peru country report, 2002-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [24] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: Georgetown University's Institute for Reproductive Health (IRH), with support from USAID through the AWARENESS Project and the previous Natural Family Planning Project, has worked in Peru since the late 1980s, when it partnered with a faith-based organization (FBO) to promote natural family planning. In the mid-1990s, IRH facilitated the introduction of the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) into Ministry of Health (MOH) services. IRH tested both the Standard Days Method® (SDM) and the TwoDay Method® (TDM) in Peru to determine efficacy and feasibility. Peru has successfully introduced the SDM into existing services and is scaling up the program. It has been-and continues to be-the site of several important studies for both the SDM and TDM. The long-term goal of IRH's work in Peru is to make high-quality FAB services available in a sustainable manner as an option for couples throughout the country. Although IRH has worked with many private and public organizations in Peru, the MOH has always been its prime partner. Since 2000, the Instituto de Salud Reproductiva -Peru (ISR), a Peruvian nongovernmental organization (NGO) supported by IRH, has carried out all IRH's in-country activities. The country's strategic importance for USAID and its potential to increase the effective use of family planning by women using traditional periodic abstinence led to Peru's selection as one of the countries to introduce SDM to regular services. Peru sites have participated in many key SDM and TDM studies, which interested the MOH in the method and its potential in the national program. Also, IRH's experience in Peru with the introduction of LAM into public services in the mid-1990s provided a good starting point when advocating and negotiating with key decision-makers. This report highlights work done under the AWARENESS Project from 2002-20007. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PERU | SUMMARY REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | PUBLIC SECTOR | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 327641 |
| 10. Title: AWARENESS Project. Philippines country report, 2002-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [17] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: The Philippines has one of the highest birth rates in Asia, with the population-currently more than 88 million-potentially doubling within three decades. The Philippines Commission on Population has expanded policies in recent years to help couples achieve their fertility goals in the context of responsible parenthood. The total fertility rate of 3.5 is still relatively high for Southeast Asia. Contraceptive use is increasing, but at 49% is low for the region, with an unmet need of 19% (about three million women). Some 16% of married women report using a "natural method" (predominantly calendar rhythm) to avoid pregnancy, yet many who claim to use natural methods are doing so incorrectly. From 1999 to 2002, the AWARENESS Project collaborated with the Department of Health (DOH) and selected non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and faith-based organizations (FBOs) to develop and test fertility awareness-based methods (FAM). The Philippines was a site for the multicountry efficacy trials of both theStandard Days Method® (SDM) and the TwoDay Method® (TDM). From 2002 to 2005, IRH/Philippines, a local NGO, continued to provide SDM training to public- and NGO-sector organizations, primarily with local funds. Although IRH's in-country work was suspended, we continued to share with IRH/Philippines materials and lessons learned from experience in other countries. In 2005, the AWARENESS Project reinitiated activities, focusing on assessing the status of SDM services and building capacity of IRH/Philippines to strengthen other organizations' ability to offer the SDM. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: PHILIPPINES | SUMMARY REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | PUBLIC SECTOR | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 327642 |
| 11. Title: AWARENESS Project. Rwanda country report, 2002-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [22] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: Rwanda is a densely populated country in Central Africa with 8.6 million people, most of whom live in rural areas. Preliminary data from the 2005 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) report showed an increase in modern contraceptive prevalence to 10.3% from under 4% in 2000.1 Use of modern methods is still below the 13% recorded prior to 1994.2 The percentage of married women who want no more children rose from 33% in 2000 to 42% in 2005, and 39% of women would like to space births with at least two-year intervals.3 The AWARENESS Project implemented activities in Rwanda between 2002 and 2007, beginning with operations research on the Standard Days Method® (SDM), conducted in partnership with USAID-supported projects implemented by IntraHealth and with the Rwandan Ministry of Health (MOH). Building on this experience, the SDM is now being integrated into family planning services on a larger scale. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: RWANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | PUBLIC SECTOR | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health Document Number: 327643 |
| 12. Title: AWARENESS Project. Senegal country report, 2004-2007. Author: Georgetown University. Institute for Reproductive Health. AWARENESS Project Source: Washington, D.C., Georgetown University, Institute for Reproductive Health, 2008 Jan. [12] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00011-00) Abstract: In late 2004, the Senegal USAID Mission requested that IRH provide limited technical assistance to MSH, its main reproductive health coordinating agency, and the Ministry of Health (DSR) to introduce the SDM into the family planning program. USAID/Senegal provided a small amount of funding to IRH to cover staff time and costs for a trip to conduct a training of trainers (TOT), one monitoring trip, and long-distance technical assistance. In August 2005, MSH -as part of the Prevention of Maternal Mortality (PREMOMA) project -launched the SDM program with a TOT at central and regional levels conducted by two IRH representatives. With the DSR, MSH then trained health providers and community agents in 8 districts in the regions of Dakar and Thies. About six months after the initial TOT, IRH conducted a monitoring trip that showed both great provider and client interest and the need to raise community awareness about new services. MSH trained 38 trainers and 256 providers from 58 government clinics in the two project regions. MSH also worked with IRH to implement a quality monitoring system of regular visits to providers, using IRH's Knowledge Improvement Tool (KIT) and an MSH coaching guide. Unfortunately, MSH had difficulty obtaining data on the number of SDM acceptors, and therefore, this information is unavailable. MSH also trained 40 community agents from the Christian Children's Fund (CCF) and 12 trainers from a local FBO, Senegalese Association for the Promotion of the Family. The PREMOMA project ended in September 2006, and the Mission included the SDM as part of the next reproductive health project, awarded to IntraHealth. IRH oriented IntraHealth staff in the U.S. and Senegal to SDM activities in Senegal, but had no funding or contact after that point for any needed follow-up. To maintain momentum between projects, IRH funded a local community based organization, Tostan, to conduct awareness-raising in the areas around the pilot sites. IRH trained 75 Tostan trainers who subsequently trained approximately 850 community mobilizers. Because of the pilot nature of SDM introduction in Senegal, progress toward full integration into norms and protocols, and management information, supervision, procurement, and distribution systems was limited. As mentioned, MSH implemented a supervision system for the pilot series. It also adapted provider job aids from IRH samples. Neither the government nor NGOs have included the SDM in their information systems, nor are CycleBeads part of the commodities management system. IRH understands that the DSR included the SDM in its revised norms and protocols. The Mission instructed their CAs, including IntraHealth and CCF, to include the SDM in their portfolios, both in clinics as well as in a proposed community-based distribution program. The Mission has also provided funding to purchase CycleBeads, further strengthening the potential for SDM scaleup. An assessment is planned for 2008 to determine the status of SDM in Senegal and identify potential needs for further assistance. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SENEGAL | SUMMARY REPORT | PILOT PROJECTS | FERTILITY AWARENESS | FAMILY PLANNING, BEHAVIORAL METHODS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | CAPACITY BUILDING | FAMILY PLANNING TRAINING | AWARENESS | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Sustainability | Training Programs | Education | Knowledge | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327645 |
| 13. Title: Jhpiego in Africa: Continuing a tradition of excellence and innovation. Author: JHPIEGO Source: [Baltimore, Maryland], JHPIEGO, [2008]. [4] p. Abstract: Currently, Jhpiego has programs in 20 African countries, maintains two subregional offices in Burkina Faso and Kenya, and field offices or representatives in Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia. In some countries, we are building on past successes, while in others, we are moving into exciting new directions. For example, in Malawi, under the auspices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jhpiego is partnering with Howard University in Washington, D.C., to develop a laboratory technician curriculum that focuses on HIV testing. Jhpiego is also working through the CDC in Ethiopia to support public sector efforts to implement services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES | QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE | OBSTACLES | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | HIV/FP INTEGRATION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | TRAINING PROGRAMS | HEALTH EDUCATION | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | MALARIA PREVENTION | INFECTION PREVENTION | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health Services Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Planning | Education | Health | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Infections Document Number: 331767 |
| 14. Title: Jhpiego’s response to Africa’s malaria epidemic. Author: JHPIEGO Source: [Baltimore, Maryland], JHPIEGO, [2008]. [2] p. Abstract: hpiego and the ACCESS Program, implemented by Jhpiego in partnership with Save the Children, Constella Futures, Academy for Educational Development, American College of Nurse-Midwives and IMA World Health, promote an approach recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the prevention and control of malaria. This comprehensive approach includes intermittent preventive treatment with an anti-malarial during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy; the use of insecticide-treated bed nets; education and counseling; and rapid treatment for pregnant women showing signs of malaria. Because the majority of pregnant women receive antenatal care at least once during pregnancy, linking prevention and treatment of malaria with antenatal care represents an ideal opportunity to effect change. For example, in three districts of Tanzania where Jhpiego first introduced focused antenatal care, uptake of the first dose of intermittent preventive treatment was 74% among antenatal care clients on average,1 compared with 52% nationally, as documented in the most recent Demographic and Health Survey.2 Furthermore, 52% of antenatal care clients in these districts received at least two doses of the treatment,1 compared with 22% of pregnant women nationally. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | SUMMARY REPORT | VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES | MALARIA PREVENTION | EPIDEMICS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | ANEMIA | ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS | BED NETS | ANTENATAL CARE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Parasite Control | Public Health | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Programs | Organization and Administration | Planning Document Number: 331768 |
| 15. Title: Prevention and control of malaria in pregnancy in the Africa region: a program implementation guide. Author: Blouse A Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Jhpiego, Access to Clinical and Community Maternal, Neonatal and Women’s Health Services Program [ACCESS], [2008]. [110] p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GHS-A-00-04-00002-00) Abstract: The ACCESS Program and its partners in the Malaria Action Coalition collaborated on the development of this practical guide to help African countries implement programs to prevent and control malaria in pregnancy (MIP). The guide was inspired by the WHO/AFRO Strategic Framework for Malaria Control during Pregnancy in the African Region (WHO 2004c), which presents a systematic approach to program implementation. This guide describes seven essential program components within that approach that are needed to put MIP policy into practice at the health care facility level. In addition, the Guide is intended to be complementary to the WHO/AFRO document Integration of Malaria in Pregnancy Prevention and Control into Maternal and Child Health Services: Implementation Guidelines (WHO 2005b). Country examples help make the guide relevant and practical. The intended audience for this guide is policymakers, public health professionals and national malaria control and reproductive health (RH) program managers and health workers, as well as private, nongovernmental and faith-based organizations. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | MANUAL | MALARIA | MALARIA PREVENTION | DISEASE PREVENTION | DISEASE TRANSMISSION CONTROL | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | BEST PRACTICES | MONITORING | PROGRAM EVALUATION | FUNDS | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Africa | Developing Countries | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Evaluation | Economic Factors Document Number: 327500 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: [The impact of AIDS on the organizational development of nongovernmental organizations: a case study on Casa de Assistencia Filadelfia] A influencia da AIDS no processo de desenvolvimento organizacional das Author: Bochio IM; Fortes PA Source: Cadernos De Saude Publica. 2008 Nov;24(11):2541-50. Abstract: AIDS has been a unique event due not only to its devastating effects, but also to the ways in which it has stimulated solidarity and mobilization of society in the defense of the rights of persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families, friends, and contacts. Beginning as initiatives to ensure dignity in death, AIDS NGOs have undergone structural changes to respond to the demands raised by the epidemic. The current study describes the history of the Brazilian AIDS NGO "Casa de Assistencia Filadelfia" in relation to the evolution of the AIDS epidemic, highlighting the issue of organizational development. A qualitative case study methodology was used, and the data were collected from document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key informants identified by the organization. Data analysis was based on the theoretical premises of organizational development and shows how the organization made the transition from the pioneering phase marked by improvisation and expanded to a phase of regulation until reaching flexibility and innovation by diversifying its projects. The study highlights the importance of organizational development as an essential element in building healthy, agile organizations in the response to their demands. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | HUMAN RIGHTS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Change | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342206 |
| 17. Title: Pachedu-Zenzele in the Diaspora: promoting sexual health amongst Zimbabweans in England. Author: Chinouya MJ; O'Keefe E Source: International Migration. 2008 Dec;46(5):71-93. Abstract: Migrants have been found to be at enhanced risk for the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) in comparison with settled populations. As they migrate, they often bring with them their traditions and cultural values, which may influence the ways they access or make sense of health promotion interventions in the host country. In the diaspora, should they experience compromised citizenship, marked by an unresolved immigration status, some may need to remain invisible and this may include not accessing or presenting late for vital health care interventions. Addressing the needs of such invisible populations is key to health promotion work and paramount to public health interests. This paper describes how ever-changing "traditions", in particular the notions of Pachedu and Zenzele, were harnessed to develop ethically grounded sexual health care interventions amongst Zimbabweans in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. These interventions were delivered in mundane settings that formed some of the key everyday networks of this population. The reinvention of "tradition" for the purposes of delivering health and social care interventions has been one of the cornerstones of health promotion interventions in Africa, where the rates of HIV are some of the highest in the world. The concept of Pachedu harnessed confidentiality in the delivery of sexual health interventions with Zenzele calling for communal involvement in such initiatives. A key point that resulted in the success of this intervention was partnership work between statutory providers and the local Zimbabwean population throughout the project's life span. Rather than being construed as passive recipients of health and social care interventions, local Zimbabweans and their statutory partners were engaged in mutual capacity building initiatives. Local Zimbabweans were also engaged and consulted throughout, from the conceptualization of the project, delivery, monitoring, and dissemination of the findings. Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | ZIMBABWE | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | PEER EDUCATORS | HIV PREVENTION | CULTURE | HEALTH EDUCATION | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Ethics Document Number: 341300 |
| 18. Title: Entertainment-education for better health. Author: de Fossard E; Lande R Source: Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health [INFO], 2008 Jan. 16 p. (INFO Reports No. 17) Abstract: This issue of INFO Reports discusses three aspects of entertainment-education to improve family planning/reproductive health and prevent HIV infection: 1) How E-E works and its potential effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior; 2) The best uses of the various E-E formats; and 3) The important steps for managing E-E projects, within the framework of the general process for developing communication programming. Managers of family planning/reproductive health programs and policy makers can use this report to become more knowledgeable advocates for E-E and better prepared to oversee E-E projects. Also, this report can help E-E managers with choosing formats and producing E-E products. For radio or TV dramas, a checklist includes the tasks that are the responsibility of the E-E manager. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | TECHNICAL REPORT | ENTER-EDUCATE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH EDUCATION | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DESIGN | Education | Behavior | Communication Programs | Communication | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 308680 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care: Assessing the inclusion of human rights in international and national strategic plans. Author: Gruskin S; Tarantola D Source: AIDS. 2008;22 Suppl 2:S123-S132. Abstract: Rhetorical acknowledgment of the value of human rights for the AIDS response continues, yet practical application of human rights principles to national efforts appears to be increasingly deficient. We assess the ways in which international and national strategic plans and other core documents take into account the commitments made by countries to uphold human rights in their efforts towards achieving Universal Access. Key documents from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) and the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) were reviewed along with 14 national HIV strategic plans chosen for their illustration of the diversity of HIV epidemic patterns, levels of income and geographical location. Whereas human rights concepts overwhelmingly appeared in both international and national strategic documents, their translation into actionable terms or monitoring frameworks was weak, unspecific or absent. Future work should analyse strategic plans, plans of operation, budgets and actual implementation so that full advantage can be taken, not only of the moral and legal value of human rights, but also their instrumental value for achieving Universal Access. (Author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | HEALTH POLICY | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV PREVENTION | CARE AND SUPPORT | HUMAN RIGHTS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | PROGRAM EVALUATION | HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANNING | PLANNING METHODOLOGY | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Programs | Organization and Administration | Social Planning | Economic Factors | Planning Document Number: 327865 |
| 20. Title: How did formative research inform the development of a home-based neonatal care intervention in rural Ghana? Author: Hill Z; Manu A; Tawiah-Agyemang C; Gyan T; Turner K; Weobong B; Ten Asbroek AH; Kirkwood BR Source: Journal of Perinatology. 2008 Dec;28 Suppl 2:S38-45. Abstract: Formative research is often used to inform intervention design, but the design process is rarely reported. This study describes how an integrated home visit intervention for newborns in Ghana was designed. As a first step in the design process, the known intervention parameters were listed, information required to refine the intervention was then identified and a formative research strategy designed. The strategy included synthesizing available data, collecting data on newborn care practices in homes and facilities, on barriers and facilitators to adopting desired behaviors and on practical issues such as whom to include in the intervention. The data were used to develop an intervention plan through workshops with national and international stakeholders and experts. The intervention plan was operationalized by district level committees. This included developing work plans, a creative brief for the materials and completing a community volunteer inventory. The intervention was then piloted and the intervention materials were finalized. The design process took over a year and was iterative. Throughout the process, literature was reviewed to identify the best practice. The intervention focuses on birth preparedness, using treated bednets in pregnancy, early and exclusive breastfeeding, thermal care, special care for small babies and prompt care seeking for newborns with danger signs. The need for a problem-solving approach was identified to help ensure behavior change. A subset of behaviors were already being performed adequately, or were the focus of other interventions, but were important to reinforce in the visits. These include attending antenatal care and care seeking for danger signs in pregnancy. On the basis of the intervention content, the timing of newborn deaths and the acceptability of visits, two antenatal and three visits in the first week of life (days 1, 3 and 7) were planned. Several household members were identified to include in the visits as they were involved in newborn care or they made financial decisions. Birth attendants and health workers were often the locus of control for immediate newborn care, and sensitization activities were designed to improve their practices and to help ensure that families received consistent messages. An existing cadre of community volunteers was identified to deliver the intervention-these volunteers were already trusted and accepted by the community, already visited pregnant women at home and had the time and commitment to deliver the intervention. A supervision and remuneration system was developed through discussions with the volunteers and at the planning workshops. The need for community entry activities was identified to garner community support for the intervention, to encourage self-identification of pregnant and delivered women and to motivate the volunteer through community recognition. Formative research is an essential step in helping to ensure the development of an effective, appropriate and sustainable intervention. Language: English Keywords: GHANA | RESEARCH REPORT | FORMATIVE RESEARCH | RURAL POPULATION | INFANT | PREGNANT WOMEN | HOME CARE | MALARIA PREVENTION | BREASTFEEDING | CHILDBIRTH | BEHAVIOR CHANGE | ANTENATAL CARE | PREGNANCY | INTERVENTIONS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Care and Support | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Infant Nutrition | Nutrition | Pregnancy Outcomes | Reproduction | Behavior | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331047 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Using drama for school-based adolescent sexuality education in Zaria, Nigeria. Author: Kafewo SA Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2008 May;16(31):202-210. Abstract: This paper describes the use of drama and participatory methods in a girls-only secondary school in Zaria, Nigeria, as a means of sexuality education, carried out by the Nigerian Popular Theatre Alliance and the Second Chance Organization of Nigeria. The issues addressed had to come from the students, to allow them to develop critical thinking and learn useful lessons. The topics that concerned the group of 15 girls who participated from the school included abortion, premarital sex and pregnancy, teacher-student relationships and lesbianism. Participants developed a play about teacher-student relationships and presented it to the whole school. The presentation was stopped several times in order to involve the audience in discussing the choices available to the protagonist and what they would do in her place. This allowed all the students to explore the problem, generate and assess alternative solutions and communicate their learning to others. It also started a process of change in how the school dealt with girls who were forced to drop out due to sexuality-related problems, including pregnancy. Our long-term aim is advocacy to support the introduction of sexuality education as a permanent element in the curriculum throughout the school system. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | SUMMARY REPORT | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SEX EDUCATION | DRAMA AND THEATER | PEER EDUCATORS | PARTICIPATION | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Education | Culture | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 326990 |
| 23. Title: An HIV / AIDS crisis among African American women: A summary for prevention and care in the 21st century. Author: Rose MA; Sharpe TT; Raliegh K; Reid L; Foley M Source: Journal of Women's Health. 2008 Apr;17(3):321-325. Abstract: The meeting, HIV/AIDS and African American Women: A Consultation Supporting CDC's Heightened National Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis among African Americans, provided a forum to address gaps in prevention and HIV/AIDS infection for African American women. Health researchers, community-based organization leaders, and representatives from both healthcare and non-healthcare sectors took this opportunity to discuss and develop a variety of priorities and suggestions for HIV/AIDS prevention. Four focus areas were provided for meeting attendees to promote discussion and strategy development. The resulting list of priorities and suggestions for HIV/AIDS prevention may provide future steps for researchers, communities, and physicians to increase prevention and decrease infection rates. Novel, innovative, and participatory approaches are needed within and outside the public arena to decrease the gaps in HIV/AIDS prevention for African American women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | WOMEN | BLACKS | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS | HEALTH POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 325723 |
| 24. Title: Advancing research to inform reproductive health policies: the Middle East and North Africa. Author: Roudi-Fahimi F; Ashford L; Khalil K Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2008 Jul. 8 p. (Policy Brief: Middle East and North Africa Program (MENA)) Abstract: Sexuality and reproduction are among the most fundamental aspects of life. Yet they often receive little attention in public policy discussions because of cultural and political sensitivities, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. As the capacity to conduct research on the social and medical aspects of sexual and reproductive health expands in the region, researchers have a greater opportunity to address current policy questions. Decisionmakers in the MENA region need accurate and comprehensive information on who suffers from sexual and reproductive health problems, the nature and extent of these problems, and what works best to address them. When researchers present their findings in a timely and accessible manner, decisionmakers can better use the information for policy change and program improvements. This policy brief discusses current research needs in the MENA region, drawing in part from a 2007 report produced by the Global Forum for Health Research and the World Health Organization, Research Issues in Sexual and Reproductive Health for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. It also presents a framework that illustrates how scientific evidence can be used in the policymaking process to change policies and improve programs that will ultimately improve people's sexual and reproductive health. Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | AFRICA, NORTH | RECOMMENDATIONS | RESEARCH PROPOSAL | INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES | HEALTH SURVEYS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | WOMEN'S HEALTH | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | Africa | Developing Countries | Health | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Family Planning | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Programs Document Number: 323118 |
| 25. Title: Institutional factors and HIV / AIDS, TB and malaria. Author: Simmonds S Source: International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 2008;23(2):139–151. Abstract: This paper outlines the principal institutional factors affecting the slow progress in reaching agreed targets in Africa regarding the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria. It focuses on three key factors: political analysis, strategic business approach and international inputs. Most of the analyses tend to look at the technical aspects of disease prevention and control, of political analysis there is a marked absence. Yet, we know that wider contextual or macro factors such as power and political decision making can make or break a programme. Many senior managers in public sector institutions are preoccupied with day-to-day work. Successful businesses in the private sector have some things in common with each other. Outstanding leadership, a strategic and action orientated culture, highly focused on comparative strengths on priorities and quality being some of the key ones. Adopting such successful business characteristics might make the difference to public institutions. The move to results based institutions by focussing on outputs and outcomes is for the better. However, we still need to rigorously examine the quality of inputs that the increasing availability of funds is being used on. This is especially so in relation to needing a better balance between aid for health services and that for institutional and health systems development. In addition, technical advisers from development partners need to work more across a ministry of health on institutional and management change to have a greater impact on achieving targets. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA | NIGERIA | ETHIOPIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | MALARIA PREVENTION | TUBERCULOSIS | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | FUNDS | CAPACITY BUILDING | POLITICAL FACTORS | POLICY | TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa, Eastern | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Infections | Health | Economic Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327319 |
| 26. Title: State government innovation in the design and implementation of Medicaid family planning expansions. Author: Sonfield A; Alrich C; Gold RB Source: New York, New York, Guttmacher Institute, 2008 Mar. 27 p. Abstract: State-initiated Medicaid family planning expansion programs, established in 26 states as of March 2008, have learned from and improved upon earlier expansions for pregnant women and children to enhance program outreach, enrollment and service delivery. To expand outreach to clients, states have used tailored, community-based tactics, established informative program Web sites and contracted individuals receiving other forms of public assistance. To recruit a large network of providers, states have worked with professional organizations and associations, used targeted ads, e-mails and mailings, and developed Web sites for interactive orientation and training. Looking to streamline the enrollment process, states have automatically enrolled potential clients, such as postpartum women who are leaving Medicaid, and used existing databases to verify citizenship status and income. Most notably, they have pioneered innovative techniques to facilitate point-of-service application and enrollment. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | HEALTH INSURANCE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | PROGRAM DESIGN | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | PROGRAM EFFICIENCY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Government Financing | Economic Factors | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Ethics Document Number: 325666 |
| 27. Title: From the individual to the system: The coming of age of programmes for orphans and vulnerable children. Source: Exchange on HIV / AIDS, Sexuality and Gender. 2007;(2):[4] p. Abstract: The impacts of HIV and AIDS on children continue to evolve and the incidence of AIDS-related orphaning and its associated vulnerabilities have not yet stabilised. In sub-Saharan Africa, the most highly affected region in the world, the number of orphans from all causes is likely to top 50 million within the coming few years. Highly affected communities in southern Africa especially are seeing between one third and one half of their children losing one or both parents. The dynamism inherent in the HIV epidemic fuels an associated rapid evolution of the policy and programme responses aimed at curbing the impacts of AIDS on communities, families and children. The over-arching policy response has broadened dramatically in its scope in the last sixteen years, since the first UNICEF-hosted meeting on 'AIDS and orphans' in Italy in 1991. This article will outline this evolution, which resulted in the drive for systemic responses addressing all vulnerable children in AIDS-affected societies, and the need to better address the non-material aspects of the impacts of AIDS on families. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | PROGRESS REPORT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | Developing Countries | Africa | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Planning | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 322483 |
| 28. Title: Coordinating with communities. Part C: Action cards. Guidelines on the involvement of the community sector in the coordination of national AIDS responses. Author: AfriCASO; International HIV / AIDS Alliance; International Council of AIDS Service Organizations [ICASO] Source: [Brighton, United Kingdom], International HIV / AIDS Alliance, [2007]. [32] p. Abstract: The community sector needs to initiate action to convene and consult, to identify who belongs to the sector, and to work out how they will build consensus within the sector. The process is facilitated by recognised and respected leaders, organisations or a coordination group within the community sector. Often one agreed leader or lead organisation does not exist. In such cases, a group of community sector stakeholders could convene a coordination/working group to initiate action. Within this group, various individuals or organisations could then take on different tasks in order to share the workload and to ensure broader ownership, participation, and leadership. Donors offer financial support and, if appropriate, support for capacity building to the community sector to assist the process of initiating action. Through a facilitated process (e.g., a meeting), community sector stakeholders define who makes up the sector. In each country this sector needs to be defined according to the characteristicsrelated to the epidemic and the conditions that make certain communities more affected by HIV and AIDS. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | MANUAL | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | FUNDS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | MONITORING | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Program Sustainability | Programs | Evaluation Document Number: 323677 |
| 29. Title: The ACQUIRE Project final report: Obstetric Fistula in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, January 2006 - March 2007. Under Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03600006-00. Author: EngenderHealth. ACQUIRE Project Source: [New York, New York], EngenderHealth, ACQUIRE Project, 2007. 47 p. (USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03600006-00) Abstract: Obstetric fistula is one of the devastating complications of ignored and/or mismanaged labor. It is simply an abnormal opening between the vagina and adjourning organs created by the pressure of the unborn baby's head on the mother's bony pelvis and the surrounding tissues. Though obstructed labor is the main causative factor, accidental surgical injuries, pelvic infections such as tuberculosis, pelvic cancers and pelvic traumas (physical injuries or radiation) are some of the physical factors that might also result in obstetric fistula. Poverty, malnutrition, child marriage, teenage delivery, unattended labor/delivery, illiteracy, unhealthy traditional practices and the different forms of gender inequality also play major direct and indirect roles in the development of obstetric fistula. Established in 1974, the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital (AAFH) has been the only center in Ethiopia dedicated for treating obstetric fistula victims. Taking into consideration the inaccessibility of the sole centerfor most of the fistula patients, the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital has opened obstetric fistula centers in different parts of the country. The Amhara Regional State is one of the regions in which the AAFH has opened a branch obstetric fistula repair center. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: ETHIOPIA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | HEALTH PERSONNEL | FISTULA | OBSTETRICS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | MATERNAL HEALTH | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | USAID | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Diseases | Medicine | Health Services | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327094 |
| 30. Title: Community Postabortion Care Project (COMMPAC) in Nakuru District, Kenya: Summary report, Phase I: July 2005 - September 2006. Author: EngenderHealth. ACQUIRE Project Source: New York, New York, EngenderHealth, ACQUIRE Project, 2007 Dec. 30 p. (ACQUIRE ReportUSAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00006-00) Abstract: The Nakuru Community Postabortion Care (COMMPAC) Project was designed to use the same process for community engagement that was used in Bolivia. To replicate the Bolivia experience, representatives from the ACQUIRE Project and SWAK visited Bolivia to gain an understanding of the use of the community action cycle and a facilitator's guide for community self-diagnosis developed and used there. In Bolivia, COMMPAC facilitated sessions that enabled community groups to use the community action cycle as a process to bring the community together around a specific issue related to PAC. Together, they took action, evaluated their action, and moved on to a new issue, replicating the cycle multiple times. In Kenya, the action cycle was completed once during Phase I. In Phase II, the process will be replicated to help reinforce the skills learned under Phase I. Phase I began in July 2005, ended in September 2006, and covered the first four parts of the action cycle-1) prepare to mobilize, 2) organize the community for action, 3) explore the health issues and set priorities, and 4) plan together-with 16 community groups, composed of 412 individuals, completing their action plans. Key opinion leaders and other stakeholders were involved from the beginning as a means of developing champions and to create an enabling environment for PAC activities. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: KENYA | BOLIVIA | SUMMARY REPORT | WOMEN | POSTABORTION CARE | POSTABORTAL PROGRAMS | COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES | PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | HEALTH SERVICES EVALUATION | USAID | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | South America, Central | South America | Latin America | Americas | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Primary Health Care | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327096 |
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