Inmagic CS/WebPublisher PRO found 9192 records

Your search found 9192 record(s).
New Basic Search | New Advanced Search | POPLINE Document Delivery Policy

Subscription may be needed for full text

Title: Male circumcision: a cancer prevention strategy?
Source: Lancet Oncology. 2009 May;10(5):431.
Abstract: Given that less than 20% of males are circumcised in many developing countries, and that male circumcision is relatively simple and reduces viral infection, might this practice be more widely used as a preventive measure against cancer? In developing countries, male circumcision could have a vital role in specific segments of the population depending on the answers to specific scientific and infrasturcture related questions. Discussions around male circumcision strategies should be encouraged within the context of cancer prevention, and these should include local communities alongside assessments of current capacities, measurable targets, cost analyses and modelling, and the development of practicable guidelines, so as to place male circumcision within the possible options available for disease prevention.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | PREVALENCE | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | CANCER | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HIV PREVENTION | STANDARDS | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Neoplasms | Diseases | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 341199

Peer Reviewed

Title: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 427: Misoprostol for postabortion care.
Author: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Feb;113(2 Pt 1):465-8.
Abstract: The World Health Organization estimates that 67,000 women, mostly in developing countries, die each year from untreated or inadequately treated abortion complications. Postabortion care, a term commonly used by the international reproductive health community, refers to a specific set of services for women experiencing problems from all types of spontaneous or induced abortion. There is increasing evidence that misoprostol is a safe, effective, and acceptable method to achieve uterine evacuation for women needing postabortion care. To reduce maternal mortality, availability of postabortion care services must be increased. Misoprostol must be readily available especially for women who do not otherwise have access to postabortion care. Nurses and midwives can safely provide first-line postabortion care services, including in outpatient settings,provided they receive appropriate training and support. Access to contraception and safe abortion services prevents complications from unsafe abortion and decreases the need for postabortion care. It is much less expensive and far better for women's health to prevent the problem of unsafe abortion rather than to treat resulting complications.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | ABORTION | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | POSTABORTION CARE | MISOPROSTOL | HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341050

3.
Title: Progress toward the 2012 measles elimination goal--Western Pacific Region, 1990-2008.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Source: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009 Jun 26;58(24):669-73.
Abstract: In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Committee of the Western Pacific Region (WPR) formally declared a measles elimination goal, and in 2005, the committee established a target date of 2012 for regional measles elimination. Key strategies recommended by WHO for achievement of measles elimination include 1) very high (>or=95%) vaccination coverage with 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1 and MCV2) through routine vaccination and/or supplemental immunization activities (SIAs); 2) high-quality case-based measles surveillance; and 3) access to an accredited measles laboratory network for testing of suspected measles cases and identification of measles virus genotypes. This report describes progress toward measles elimination in the WPR through 2008. Measles likely has been eliminated or nearly eliminated in 24 of the 37 countries and areas in the WPR (referred to in this report as countries). However, large numbers of measles cases continue to be reported from several countries. During 2008, a total of 131,441 confirmed measles cases (98.4 per million population) were reported from China and 11,015 cases (86.1 per million population) from Japan, two countries that account for 82% of the region's population and >97% of its confirmed measles cases. Intensified efforts by WPR countries, particularly China and Japan, will be required to achieve the 2012 goal.
Language: English
Keywords:
OCEANIA | SUMMARY REPORT | INCIDENCE | MEASLES | VACCINES | IMMUNIZATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | MONITORING | SCREENING | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Primary Health Care | Evaluation | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 341752

Title: Traveling child-sex offenders in South East Asia: a regional review.
Author: Child Wise
Source: South Melbourne, Australia, Child Wise, 2009 Mar. 39 p.
Abstract: This is the third edition of this compendium of information about the sexual exploitation of children in tourism destinations throughout South East Asia. The report provides a regional overview of child sex tourism in South East Asia along with national reports from all 10 countries in the region. It also provides an update on the successful ASEAN Regional Education Campaign and a brief summary of the key findings from a situational analysis of hotline reporting numbers in the region.
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA, SOUTHEASTERN | SUMMARY REPORT | TRAVELERS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | STREET KIDS | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION | TRAVEL AND TOURISM | CRIME | SEXUAL ABUSE | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Asia | Developing Countries | Behavior | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Homeless Persons | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Problems | Diseases
Document Number: 342036

Title: The long wait: reproductive health care in Haiti.
Author: John Snow [JSI]. Research and Training Institute, Inc.
Source: Arlington, Virginia, JSI, Research and Training Institute, Inc., 2009. 22 p.
Abstract: The reproductive health status of Haiti's communities contributes to a life expectancy of 62.8 years for women in comparison to 75.5 years in neighboring Dominican Republic or 80.8 years for women in the U.S. According to Haiti's 2005-2006 Demography Health Survey, 37.5% of women have unmet family planning needs. Additionally, youth and rural area residents report greater unmet needs for family planning than the national average. Unmet family planning contributes to a high total fertility rate of 4.79 (5 in rural versus 2.8 in urban areas), a high infant morality (57 deaths per 1000 live births) and the highest maternal mortality rate in the western world-630 deaths per 100,000 live births. These alarming RH indicators prompted a team from JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. (JSI) to visit Haiti in January 2009. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify gaps in the availability and accessibility of comprehensive RH services including: Safer motherhood and emergency obstetric care (EmOC), Family planning, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention, care and support, Gender-based violence (GBV) prevention, care and support, and Adolescent-focused RH programming for each of the above RH components. 2) to identify community-level responses and opportunities for strengthening the quality and availability of comprehensive RH services. This report presents the findings of this assessment.
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HIV PREVENTION | AIDS PREVENTION | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | FAMILY PLANNING | HEALTH SERVICES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Caribbean | Americas | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Maternal Health | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | AIDS | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341307

Title: Handbook on the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
Author: UNICEF. Innocenti Research Centre
Source: Florence, Italy, UNICEF, Innocenti Research Centre, 2009. [74] p.
Abstract: The Convention on the Rights of the Child, the main international instrument for protecting children's rights, is supplemented by two optional protocols. One addresses the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography, and the other the involvement of children in armed conflict. This handbook addresses the former issue. The publication describes the genesis, scope, and content of the protocol and provides examples of measures taken by governments to fulfill their obligations under this protocol.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | CHILDREN | SOCIAL PROTECTION | TREATIES | PHYSICAL ABUSE | SEXUAL ABUSE | HUMAN RIGHTS | HUMAN TRAFFICKING | VIOLENCE | INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Diseases
Document Number: 331375

Title: Promoting health and equity: Evidence, policy and action: Cases from the Western Pacific Region.
Author: World Health Organization [WHO]. Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Source: Manila, Philippines, WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2009 Mar. [173] p.
Abstract: Recent years have seen a growth in the evidence base on policies and actions to promote health equity. Despite efforts, however, the evidence shows that inequalities are increasing rather than decreasing in many countries. This may partly be due to faulty policy decisions. There is clearly need for a better evidence-based approach on health policies to achieve equity. At the same time, understanding is inadequate on how policy-makers can best make use of the growing evidence base on promoting equity in health. There is a need for stronger links between evidence and health policy-making and implementation. To respond in part to this need, the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office convened the High Level Meeting on Promoting Health Equity: Evidence, Policy and Action from 16-18 October 2007 in Phnom Penh, hosted by the Royal Government of Cambodia, to provide an opportunity to exchange experiences and identify ways to promote the more systematic use of equity research in health policy and action. Health ministers and other stake holders engaged in the evidence-to-policy process were invited to submit case studies that illustrate the process. This book compiles the nine cases presented at the meeting. An introductory chapter comprises a synthesis of the cases and the lessons learned from them.
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMBODIA | CHINA | VIETNAM | NEW ZEALAND | MALAYSIA | MONGOLIA | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE STUDIES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | TREATMENT | HEALTH POLICY | HEALTH SERVICES | TUBERCULOSIS | CAPACITY BUILDING | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Asia, Eastern | Oceania | Developed Countries | Asia, Northern | Studies | Research Methodology | Health | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Infections | Diseases | Program Sustainability | Programs | Organization and Administration | Program Evaluation
Document Number: 331453

10.

11.

Title: Reducing maternal mortality in Yemen: challenges and lessons learned from baseline assessment.
Author: Al Serouri AW; Al Rabee A; Bin Afif M; Al Rukeimi A
Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Apr;105(1):86-91.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Yemen is a signatory of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and one of 10 countries chosen for the UN Millennium Project. However, recent MDG progress reviews show that it is unlikely that the maternal health goal will be reached by 2015 and Yemen still has an unacceptably high maternal mortality of 365 per 100000 live births. Because 82% of deaths happen intrapartum, the purpose of this needs assessment was to identify and prioritize constraints in delivery of emergency obstetric care (EmOC). METHODS: Four district hospitals and 16 health centers in 8 districts were assessed for functional capacity in terms of infrastructure; availability of essential equipment and drugs; EmOC technical competency and training needs; and Health Management Information System. RESULTS: We found poor obstetric services in terms of structure (staffing pattern, equipment, and supplies) and process (knowledge and management skills). CONCLUSION: The data argue for strengthening the 4 interlinked health system elements-human resources, and access to, use, and quality of services. The Government must address each of these elements to meet the Safe Motherhood MDG.
Language: English
Keywords:
YEMEN | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | SAFE MOTHERHOOD | MATERNAL HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | EMERGENCY SERVICES | OBSTETRICAL SURGERY | Developing Countries | Middle East | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 341376

12.

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Improved sanitation and income are associated with decreased rates of hospitalization for diarrhoea in Brazilian infants.
Author: Andrade IG; Queiroz JW; Cabral AP; Lieberman JA; Jeronimo SM
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2009 May;103(5):506-11.
Abstract: Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazilian children. However, from 1992 to 2001 there was a significant decline in hospitalizations for acute diarrhoea in children below 1 year of age in Brazil. A significant improvement in child health was also observed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), with a decrease in child mortality from 70 to 40 deaths per 1000. Using distributed lag analysis we analysed a number of factors possibly connected with decreased hospitalization in RN and found that hospitalization was correlated up to lag 3 with poverty (P<0.001) and inflation (P<0.001). Improvements in public health infrastructure such as better waste collection, presence of city water supply and increased sanitation, socio-economic variables such as education and literacy, and increased investment in health services were all important in reducing severe early childhood diarrhoeas and thus directly associated with the decrease in hospitalization. We also observed a positive seasonal correlation between rainfall and hospitalizations with an increased in rainfall impacting positively on hospitalization in all lags. The data suggests that increased buying power and reductions in poverty played a crucial role in reducing hospitalizations for acute diarrhoea in infants in RN.
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT | DIARRHEA, INFANTILE | POVERTY | INFANT MORTALITY | SANITATION | HOSPITALS | PUBLIC HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diarrhea | Diseases | Economic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Health | Health Facilities | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 342512

14.

Title: Hormonal methods of contraception for youth. More effective strategies are needed to improve access and encourage consistent use.
Author: Aradhya K; Lebetkin E
Source: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Family Health International [FHI], Interagency Youth Working Group, 2009 May. [4] p. (YouthLens on Reproductive Health and HIV / AIDS No. 30)
Abstract: Youth, defined here as people ages 10 to 24 years old, need better access to contraception. The decreasing age of menarche and increasing age of marriage have created an ever-widening window of time for premarital sexual intercourse and pregnancies. Hormonal methods of contraception -- including oral contraceptive pills, injectables, and implants -- are among the most effective methods of preventing unintended pregnancies. They are generally well known among youth and, as an alternative to condoms, allow a young woman to control her risk of pregnancy. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | YOUTH | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES | INJECTABLES | CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | STIGMA | HEALTH FACILITIES | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331499

15.

16.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV and respiratory symptoms in two Zambian communities: implications for tuberculosis control in the era of HIV.
Author: Ayles H; Schaap A; Nota A; Sismanidis C; Tembwe R; De Haas P; Muyoyeta M; Beyers N
Author: Peter Godfrey-Faussett for the ZAMSTAR Study Team
Source: PloS One. 2009;4(5):e5602.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Stop TB Partnership target for tuberculosis is to have reduced the prevalence of tuberculosis by 50% comparing 2015 to 1990. This target is challenging as few prevalence surveys have been conducted, especially in high burden tuberculosis and HIV countries. Current tuberculosis control strategies in high HIV prevalent settings are therefore based on limited epidemiological evidence and more evidence is needed from community-based surveys to inform improved policy formulation. METHODS AND FINDINGS: 8044 adults were sampled from 2 sub-districts (wards) in Lusaka province, Zambia. Questionnaires were used to screen for symptoms, respiratory samples were obtained for culture and oral secretions collected for HIV testing. 79 individuals were found to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis in their sputum, giving an adjusted overall prevalence of tuberculosis of 870/100,000 (95% CI 570-1160/100,000). The adjusted overall prevalence of HIV was 28.61% (95% CI 26.04-31.19). HIV- infection was significantly associated with prevalent tuberculosis (Adj OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.42-3.74) and the population attributable fraction of HIV for prevalent tuberculosis was 36%. Symptoms such as prolonged cough (adj OR 12.72, 95% CI 7.05-22.94) and fever (Adj OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.23-3.39), were associated with prevalent tuberculosis, but 8 (10%) individuals with prevalent tuberculosis denied having any symptoms at all and only 34 (43%) would have been classified as a TB suspect by current guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed tuberculosis is a challenge for tuberculosis control and new approaches are needed if we are to reach international targets. Epidemiological studies can inform screening algorithms for both detection and prevention of active tuberculosis.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | ADULTS | TUBERCULOSIS | HIV INFECTIONS | RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY | PREVALENCE | SCREENING | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | ANTIBIOTICS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Pulmonary Effects | Physiology | Biology | Measurement | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Drugs | Treatment
Document Number: 342445

17.

Title: Pediatric emergency and critical care in low-income countries.
Author: Baker T
Source: Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2009 Jan;19(1):23-7.
Abstract: The United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 4 is to reduce the global under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015. Achieving this goal requires substantial strengthening of health systems in low-income countries. Emergency and critical care services are often one of the weakest parts of the health system and improving such care has the potential to significantly reduce mortality. Introducing effective triage and emergency treatments, establishing hospital systems that prioritize the critically ill and ensuring a reliable oxygen delivery system need not be resource intensive. Improving intensive care units, training health staff in the fundamentals of critical care concentrating on ABC - airway, breathing, and circulation - and developing guidelines for the management of common medical emergencies could all improve the quality of inpatient pediatric care. Integration with obstetrics, adult medicine and surgery in a combined emergency and critical care service would concentrate resources and expertise.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | GOALS | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | EMERGENCY SERVICES | INFANT HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Planning | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Diseases
Document Number: 330534

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Sexual behavior and desires among adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda: implications for programming.
Author: Birungi H; Mugisha JF; Obare F; Nyombi JK
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009 Feb;44(2):184-187.
Abstract: Counseling programs for adolescents living with HIV encourage abstinence from sex and relationships. This Uganda study, however, found that many of these adolescents are sexually active or desire to be in relationships but engage in poor preventive practices. Programs for HIV and AIDS programs need to strengthen preventive services to this group.
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | RESEARCH REPORT | ADOLESCENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | SEX BEHAVIOR | FETUS | NEEDS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Economic Factors
Document Number: 330162

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Early results of integrated malaria control and implications for the management of fever in under-five children at a peripheral health facility: a case study of Chongwe rural health centre in Zambia.
Author: Chanda P; Hamainza B; Mulenga S; Chalwe V; Msiska C; Chizema-Kawesha E
Source: Malaria Journal. 2009;8:49.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Zambia has taken lead in implementing integrated malaria control so as to attain the National Health Strategic Plan goal of "reducing malaria incidence by 75% and under-five mortality due to malaria by 20% by the year 2010". The strategic interventions include the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying, the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, improving diagnostic capacity (both microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests), use of intermittent presumptive treatment for pregnant women, research, monitoring and evaluation, and behaviour change communication. Financial barriers to access have been removed by providing free malaria prevention and treatment services. METHODS: Data involving all under-five children reporting at the health facility in the first quarter of 2008 was evaluated prospectively. Malaria morbidity, causes of non-malaria fever, prescription patterns treatment patterns and referral cases were evaluated RESULTS: Malaria infection was found only in 0.7% (10/1378), 1.8% (251378) received anti-malarial treatment, no severe malaria cases and deaths occurred among the under-five children with fever during the three months of the study in the high malaria transmission season. 42.5% (586/1378) of the cases were acute respiratory infections (non-pneumonia), while 5.7% (79/1378) were pneumonia. Amoxicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic followed by septrin. CONCLUSION: Malaria related OPD visits have reduced at Chongwe rural health facility. The reduction in health facility malaria cases has led to an increase in diagnoses of respiratory infections. These findings have implications for the management of non-malaria fevers in children under the age of five years.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | MANAGEMENT | RURAL POPULATION | CHILDREN | MALARIA PREVENTION | FEVER | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE | RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Organization and Administration | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Body Temperature | Physiology | Biology | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infections
Document Number: 341025

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: [Association between iron supplementation during pregnancy and prematurity, low birth weight, and very low birth weight] Associa��o entre o uso de sais de ferro durante a gesta��o e nascimento pr�-termo, baixo peso ao nascer e muito baixo peso ao nascer.
Author: Dal Pizzol TD; Giugliani ER; Mengue SS
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):160-168.
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the association between prophylactic iron supplementation and prematurity and low birth weight. Pregnant women 20 years and older with 21 to 28 weeks of gestational age were enrolled consecutively in prenatal services in the Unified National Health System in six Brazilian State capitals between 1991 and 1995. Socio-demographic data and information on iron supplementation up until the 28th gestational week were obtained by means of an interview. Outcomes and other variables were collected from medical records. Anemia was present in 31.3% of the 3,865 women. Among anemic women (hemoglobin < 11.0g/dL), 29.8% were taking iron supplements, as compared to 16.7% among non-anemic women (hemoglobin > 11.0g/dL). After adjusting for potential confounders, iron was not associated with prematurity (OR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.73-1.07), low birth weight (OR = 0.99; 95%CI: 0.75-1.31), or very low birth weight (OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.29-1.13). The results suggest that iron supplementation up to the 28th gestational week does not reduce the risk of prematurity, low birth weight, or very low birth weight.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANCY | IRON | SERUM IRON LEVEL | VITAMINS AND MINERALS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | ANEMIA | TREATMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Reproduction | Metals | Physiology | Biology | Hemic System | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 341872

21.
Title: [Czech model for decrease of maternal mortality in Uganda] Cesky model pro snizeni materske umrtnosti v Ugande.
Author: Donat J
Source: Casopis Lekaru Ceskych. 2009;148(7):338-41.
Abstract: High maternal and perinatal mortality is the leading problem of the health care in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. The main condition for decrease of maternal mortality is availability of an emergency obstetrical care in hospital accompanied by skilled team of specialists (gynaecologist, anaesthesiologist, paediatrician), which are able to treat all obstetrical complications and provide an intensive care to risk newborns. The Czech Hospital and School for midwives in Uganda was founded and build with the aim to accomplish a grant project for the decrease of maternal, perinatal and child mortality. Our project to connect emergency obstetrical care in hospital to villages and traditional delivery attendants by mobile phones shows a simple and original model, which can help to decrease maternal mortality in Uganda and in the other countries of Sub-Saharan Africa as well. The Czech-Uganda Hospital started its work on 19th February 2007 with a team of Slovak doctors; however, till now, after 2 years of work, it doesn't fulfil its role of a specialised obstetrical department, which would be able to join its partners in villages and start the grant project for decrease of maternal and perinatal mortality.
Language: Czech
Keywords:
UGANDA | AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | MATERNAL MORTALITY | PERINATAL MORTALITY | EMERGENCY SERVICES | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | MIDWIVES AND MIDWIFERY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Africa, Eastern | Africa | Developing Countries | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Diseases | Health Personnel
Document Number: 342652

22.

Title: Factor structure of the Condoms Barriers Scale with a sample of men at high risk for HIV.
Author: Doyle SR; Calsyn DA; Ball SA
Source: Assessment. 2009 Mar;16(1):3-15.
Abstract: This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS), an instrument originally designed to measure women's perceptions and attitudes regarding male condom use, with a sample of men at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants include 590 male patients in drug abuse treatment involved in a gender-specific HIV prevention intervention for teaching safer sex skills. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis generally supported the underlying four-factor subscale structure of the CBS. However, exploratory factor analysis revealed a few specific discrepancies in the factor structure between men and women. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates were moderate to high in value. CBS scores correlated with use of condoms for men with high-risk sexual partners, supporting criterion-related validity. Overall, the analysis indicates that the CBS is a potentially valid and reliable instrument and has utility for assessing barriers to condom use with men, but may need some item content modifications to allow appropriate assessment of gender differences and comparisons across studies.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | RELIABILITY | PRE-POST TESTS | MEN | CONDOMS | SEX EDUCATION | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | BARRIER METHODS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Measurement | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Education | Behavior | Diseases
Document Number: 330489

23.

Title: The growing chronic disease burden: implications for reproductive health.
Author: Drake JK
Source: Outlook. 2009 Jul;26(1):8 p.
Abstract: Approximately 80 percent of deaths from chronic disease occur in low- and middle-income countries, where people tend to develop these diseases at younger ages, suffer longer, and die sooner. A recent analysis found that chronic disease is an "important cause of female death, even during childbearing years, and for women with young families." The newsletter provides background on the growing chronic disease burden in developing countries, and explores current and anticipated impacts of cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and obesity on reproductive health. Examples include hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy and contraceptive choice and access for women with cardiovascular conditions and risk factors.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | SUMMARY REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | DISEASES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MATERNAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | HYPERTENSION | DIABETES | SCREENING | FAMILY PLANNING | TREATMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Public Health | Health | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Vascular Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 341982

24.

Title: Pulse oximetry: technology to reduce child mortality in developing countries.
Author: Duke T; Subhi R; Peel D; Frey B
Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics. 2009 Sep;29(3):165-75.
Abstract: The causes of hypoxaemia in children include the commonest causes of childhood illness: pneumonia and other acute respiratory infections, and neonatal illness, particularly sepsis, low birthweight, birth asphyxia and aspiration syndromes. The systematic use of pulse oximetry to monitor and treat children in resource-poor developing countries, when coupled with a reliable oxygen supply, improves quality of care and reduces mortality. Oximetry also has a well established role in surgery and anaesthesia, but in many countries children undergo surgery without the safety of oximetry monitoring. This article reviews pulse oximetry, its technical basis and its application to the medical management of childhood illness to reduce mortality in developing countries. We propose that, as a part of the work towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal 4, there should be a concerted global effort to make pulse oximetry and a reliable oxygen source available in all health facilities where seriously ill children are managed.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | MANAGEMENT | GOALS | CHILDREN | PNEUMONIA | RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | CHILD MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | TREATMENT | Organization and Administration | Planning | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pulmonary Effects | Physiology | Biology | Infections | Diseases | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 342531

25.

Title: Using performance incentives.
Author: Eichler R; Levine R
Source: In: Performance incentives for global health: potential and pitfalls [by] Rena Eichler, Ruth Levine and the Performance-Based Incentives Working Group. Washington, D.C., Center for Global Development, 2009. :23-50.
Abstract: When the goal is to reduce needless death and disease, and part of what is getting in the way is a misalignment between health goals and the real-world behaviors of individual patients, health workers, and those who influence them, it may be time to consider performance incentives. These can complement other interventions, such as providing training, revamping infrastructure, and improving the supply of drugs and other inputs. Here we look at how performance incentives can contribute to better health results, increased use of services, enhanced quality, and improved efficiency. To identify the experiences to highlight in this book, we searched the published literature, consulted experts, and included regional and national cases with substantial documented evidence. The evidence discussed here and in the case summaries in part 2 relies on both evaluations conducted with varying degrees of rigor and other sources of information. It comes from qualitative surveys, baseline and endline statistics, contrasts between intervention and comparison groups, and routine program monitoring. (Excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | LITERATURE REVIEW | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | HEALTH SERVICES | INCENTIVES | DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE | DISEASE PREVENTION | PROGRAM ACTIVITIES | INTERVENTIONS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES | Management | Organization and Administration | Health | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Diseases | Programs | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 331462

26.

Title: Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis in blood donors of Delhi [letter]
Author: Ekadashi R; Langer S
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2009 Apr-Jun;27(2):167-8.
Abstract: Transfusion of blood and blood products is a life saving measure that benefits numerous patients worldwide. At the same time it is an important mode of infection to the recipients. In up to 15% of the total patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), blood transfusion has been the route of transmission. Syphilis positivity varies from 0.8% in voluntary donors to more than 15% in paid commercial donors. Although HIV infection has been reported in all groups of blood donors in Delhi, it is particularly high among replacement donors. Concealing the medical history by professional or replacement donors pose a great threat to safe blood supply. Problems are also due to the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the society, blood donations during the window period, genetic variability in the viral strains and laboratory errors. Only few reports are available regarding the trend of HIV seropositivity and syphilis serology, particularly in blood donors from northern India. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and trend of HIV and syphilis over 4 years, 2004-2007, among blood donors of Central Delhi. A total of 13,672 blood units were collected from blood donors during the period from January 1 2004 to December 31 2007 at the blood bank of Delhi Heart and Lung Institute in New Delhi, India. This is a tertiary care level hospital super specializing in heart and lung ailments. Blood donors were either replacement or voluntary. Care was taken to exclude professional donors by taking appropriate history and examination. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | CRITIQUE | BLOOD DONORS | HIV TRANSMISSION | SYPHILIS | HIV | LABORATORY PROCEDURES | SCREENING | SAFETY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Blood Supply | Equipment and Supplies | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Public Health
Document Number: 341204

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Adolescent access to emergency contraception: a comment on the UK context.
Author: Fallon D
Source: European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care. 2009 Apr;14(2):120-6.
Abstract: The provision of emergency contraception (EC) in the United Kingdom (UK) has been transformed over the past decade through advances in pharmacology and the implementation of governmental measures to reduce teenage pregnancy rates. This paper considers how these issues have developed in the current social and political context with specific reference to adolescent access to EC in the UK. It highlights the concerns caused by increased availability of EC and the tension between adolescent rights to confidential treatment and advice, and professional anxiety about encouraging secrecy or parental deception. It concludes that adolescents, whilst benefiting from increased access to EC may also face a series of challenges as a result.
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | POLITICAL FACTORS | CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION | FAMILY PLANNING EDUCATION | PARENTAL CONSENT | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Programs | Organization and Administration | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Ethics | Education
Document Number: 330933

28.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Cohort comparison of two fertility awareness methods of family planning.
Author: Fehring RJ; Schneider M; Barron ML; Raviele K
Source: Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2009 Mar;54(3):165-70.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if an electronic hormonal fertility monitor aided method (EHFM) of family planning is more effective than a cervical mucus only method (CMM) in helping couples to avoid pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Six hundred twenty-eight women were taught how to avoid pregnancy with either the EHFM (n=313) or the CMM (n = 315). Both methods involved standardized group teaching and individual follow-up. All pregnancies were reviewed and classified by health professionals. Correct use and total unintended pregnancy rates over 12 months of use were determined by survival analysis. Comparisons of unintended pregnancies between the 2 methods were made by use of the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: There were a total of 28 unintended pregnancies with the EFHM and 41 with the CMM. The 12-month correct use pregnancy rate of the monitor-aided method was 2.0%, and the total pregnancy rate was 12.0%. In comparison, the 12-month correct use pregnancy rate of the CMM was 3.0%, and the total pregnancy rate was 23.0%. There was a significant difference in total pregnancies between the 2 groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: EFHM is more effective than CMM. Further research is needed to verify the results.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY PLANNING | FERTILITY | NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning, Behavioral Methods | Reproductive Behavior | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 331019

29.
Title: [A fixed dose anti-HIV combination for the poor? Triomune] Triom une: la tritherapie du pauvre ?
Author: Garcia MV; Mukeba-Tshialala D; Vaira D; Moutschen M
Source: Revue Medicale De Liege. 2009 Jan;64(1):32-6.
Abstract: Despite a relative global stabilization of its incidence, HIV infection remains a major threat for public health, principally in Africa where it concerns more than 22 million people and constitutes the first cause of death on the continent. To face the emergency of the HIV/AIDS epidemics on the African continent, the primary goal is to make available to all patients free and efficient antiretroviral medications. Such a goal cannot be dissociated from large scale prevention campaigns. In 2000, Triomune, one of the first fixed dose combinations of three antiretrovirals (stavudine, lamivudine & nevirapine) was launched by the Indian drug company Cipla, specialized in the production of low cost medications. Its convenient pill burden (one pill twice a day) and its very low cost (around 30 US $ per month) make Triomune an appealing solution for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Africa. Unfortunately, Triomune presents several drawbacks (low genetic barrier, frequent side effects) and one of its constituents is not used in Europe anymore. Other first line treatments are urgently needed.
Language: French
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INCIDENCE | LOW INCOME POPULATION | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS | HIV INFECTIONS | FEES | NEEDS ASSESSMENT | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | TREATMENT | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Financial Activities | Evaluation | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 341155

30.

Title: Reducing neonatal mortality in developing countries: low-cost interventions are the key determinants [letter]
Author: Garg P; Gogia S
Source: Journal of Perinatology. 2009 Jan;29(1):74-5; author reply 75.
Abstract: We read with great interest the recent editorial and the original article published in the May issue of the journal. Dr Gadzinowski, even though realizing that the results of the article will be challenging to the neonatologists outside North America, asserts that 'Improvements in the survival of newborns on the threshold of viability contributes to improved Neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) on an international scale'. However, 98% of neonatal deaths occur in developing countries. NMR are the highest in the Sub-Saharan regions of western, middle and eastern Africa and South-Central Asia with rates between 42 and 49 per 1000 live births. More than two-thirds of the causes of neonatal deaths in these countries are due to causes not attributable to prematurity, and an even much smaller proportion can be attributed to extreme prematurity. For example, in India extremely low birth weight neonates contribute only 14.5% of neonatal deaths (3680), in live births at 18 network institutions across all regions of India. Though, many of us are now saving very and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates in developing countries, the advancement of neonatal care is hampered by marked heterogeneity within and between states, rural and urban gaps and within urban differences. Social exclusion, caste, maternal literacy, negative parental attitudes arising from social environment, gender bias, ability to pay, and lack of basic prenatal, natal and postnatal care are the main determinants of newborn survival in developing countries. Global scientific communities have increasingly realized the importance of cost-effective interventions for reducing neonatal mortality in developing countries. Sri Lanka is a shining example in South Asia with NMR of 11 per 1000 live births without hi-tech neonatal intensive care infrastructure.3 In India also the effectiveness of community- and home-based neonatal care has been shown in field trials. It is estimated that 16 low-cost effective interventions can save 0.59-1.08 million lives in South Asia and 0.45-0.8 million lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is important for developing countries like India to keep their focus on providing essential and level II newborn care (low-cost) services for the majority of population, which would have a far greater chance for improvement on newborn survival rather than getting swayed by providing high-tech services to few babies at thresholds of viability. (full-text)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | NEONATAL MORTALITY | INTERVENTIONS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Infant Mortality | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration | Diseases
Document Number: 331177


	Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy