| 1. Title: The abortion-breast cancer connection. Author: Brind J Source: Specialty Law Digest. Health Care Law. 2009 Jan;(340):9-35. Abstract: This article examines the abortion breast cancer link in some historical scientific detail, offering a perspective on an issue that is at the center of a long-running public policy debate that plays out in legislatures, courtrooms, and newspaper editorials, as well as in scientific and medical journals. Even as politically correct studies have been promulgated to neutralize the data proving the abortion breast cancer link, even stronger data have emerged in recent years that firmly link abortion to premature births in subsequent pregnancies, which in turn raise the risk of breast cancer in mothers and cerebral palsy in prematurely born children. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CRITIQUE | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | ABORTION | BREAST CANCER | RISK FACTORS | EPIDEMIOLOGY | HORMONES | PREMATURE BIRTH | POLITICAL FACTORS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Cancer | Neoplasms | Diseases | Health | Public Health | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 341317 |
2.  Title: Recent oral contraceptive use and adverse birth outcomes. Author: Chen XK; Wen SW; Sun LM; Yang Q; Walker MC Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2009;144:40-43. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible association between oral contraceptive use and adverse birth outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a population-based cohort study of pregnant women who used oral contraceptives within 3 months before their last menstrual period. Subjects were divided into three groups, according to the interval (0-30, 31-60, and 61-90 days) between the dispensing date and their last menstrual period. For each exposed subject, 4 subjects without exposure to oral contraceptives were individually matched by infant's year of birth and plurality and by mother's age and parity. RESULTS: Oral contraceptive use within 30 days prior to the last menstrual period was associated with increased risks of very low birth weight (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.92), low birth weight (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.20), and preterm birth (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.55); however, oral contraceptive use 31-90 days prior to the last menstrual period did not increase the risk of low birth weight or preterm birth.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the use of oral contraceptives near the time of conception may be associated with an increased risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. Language: English Keywords: CANADA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | COHORT ANALYSIS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | INFANT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREVALENCE | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, SIDE EFFECTS | TIME FACTORS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | North America, Northern | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Contraceptive Safety | Safety | Public Health | Health | Population Dynamics | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 330420 |
| 3. Title: Previous abortion and risk of pre-term birth: a population study. Author: Freak-Poli R; Chan A; Tucker G; Street J Source: Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2009 Jan;22(1):1-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This population study was undertaken to determine whether previous abortion is an independent risk factor for pre-term birth and to calculate population-attributable risks for risk factors. METHODS: All South Australian first singleton births in 1998-2003 (n = 42 269) were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis, comparing pre-term births with term births. RESULTS: Risk factors for pre-term birth were found to be: being indigenous, single, a smoker [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.41], age 40 years or older, reproductive technology assistance, threatened miscarriage, antepartum haemorrhage, urinary tract infection, pregnancy hypertension and suspected intra-uterine growth restriction. A previous spontaneous abortion was of borderline statistical significance, whereas a previous induced abortion (AOR 1.25, 1.13-1.40) was an independent risk factor. A dose-response relationship was found with increasing number of previous spontaneous or induced abortions. Population-attributable risks were highest for pregnancy hypertension (12.4%) and antepartum haemorrhage (9.2%). Smoking and previous induced abortion had risks of 4.7% and 2.7%, respectively. Among indigenous women, 51% of whom smoked, 16.4% of pre-term birth could be attributed to smoking. CONCLUSIONS: A previous induced abortion and smoking during pregnancy (particularly among indigenous women) are preventable risk factors for pre-term birth. Their population-attributable risks are likely to be under-estimates from under-reporting. Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLINICAL RESEARCH | PREGNANT WOMEN | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | PREVALENCE | ABORTION | RISK ASSESSMENT | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | MATERNAL AGE | PREECLAMPSIA | Oceania | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Evaluation | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Parental Age | Age Factors Document Number: 330718 Notification |
| 4. Peer Reviewed Title: Pregnancy outcome in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device. Author: Ganer H; Levy A; Ohel I; Sheiner E Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Aug 27; Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate pregnancy outcome in patients who conceived with an intrauterine contraceptive device. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study comparing the pregnancy outcome of women with retained intrauterine device (n = 98), patients after intrauterine device removal in early pregnancy (n = 194), and pregnancies without an intrauterine device (n = 141,191) was performed. RESULTS: A significant linear association was documented among the 3 groups and adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery (18.4% in the retained intrauterine device, 14.4 % in removed intrauterine device, and 7.3% in the no-intrauterine device group; P < .001) and chorioamnionitis (7.1% in the retained intrauterine device, 4.1% in removed intrauterine device and 0.7% in the no-intrauterine device group; P < .001). The presence of retained or removed intrauterine device was found as an independent risk factor for both preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis in multivariable models. CONCLUSION: Women conceiving with an intrauterine device are at increased risk for adverse obstetric outcomes, whereas the risk is higher for pregnancies with retained intrauterine device compared with early intrauterine device removal. Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | IUD | PREGNANCY | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | Developed Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Reproduction | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 342708 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Intrapartum antibiotic exposure and early neonatal, morbidity, and mortality in Africa. Author: Kafulafula G; Mwatha A; Chen YQ; Aboud S; Martinson F; Hoffman I; Fawzi W; Read JS; Valentine M; Mwinga K; Goldenberg R; Taha TE Source: Pediatrics. 2009 Jul;124(1):e137-44. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Infants born to women who receive intrapartum antibiotics may have higher rates of infectious morbidity and mortality than unexposed infants. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the association of maternal intrapartum antibiotics and early neonatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We performed secondary analysis of data from a multisite randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of antibiotics to prevent chorioamnionitis-associated mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and preterm birth in sub-Saharan Africa. Early neonatal morbidity and mortality were analyzed. In an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, infants born to women randomly assigned to antibiotics or placebo were compared. In addition, non-ITT analysis was performed because some women received nonstudy antibiotics for various clinical indications. RESULTS: Overall, 2659 pregnant women were randomly assigned. Of these, 2466 HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected women delivered 2413 live born and 84 stillborn infants. In the ITT analysis, there were no significant associations between exposure to antibiotics and early neonatal outcomes. Non-ITT analyses showed more illness at birth (11.2% vs 8.6%, P = .03) and more admissions to the special care infant unit (12.6% vs 9.8%, P = .04) among infants exposed to maternal intrapartum antibiotics than among unexposed infants. Additional analyses revealed greater early neonatal morbidity and mortality among infants of mothers who received nonstudy antibiotics than of mothers who received study antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between intrapartum exposure to antibiotics and early neonatal morbidity or mortality. The associations observed in non-ITT analyses are most likely the result of women with peripartum illnesses being more likely to receive nonstudy antibiotics. Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | CLINICAL TRIALS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREMATURE BIRTH | NEONATAL DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES | ANTIBIOTICS | MORBIDITY | NEONATAL MORTALITY | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Clinical Research | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Infant Mortality | Mortality | Population Dynamics Document Number: 342887 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Risks for preterm delivery and low birth weight are independently increased by severity of maternal anaemia. Author: Kidanto HL; Mogren I; Lindmark G; Massawe S; Nystrom L Source: South African Medical Journal. 2009 Feb;99(2):98-102. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of the severity of maternal anaemia on various perinatal outcomes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Labour Ward, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS: The haemoglobin of eligible pregnant women admitted for delivery between 15 November 2002 and 15 February 2003 was measured. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, iron supplementation, malaria prophylaxis, blood transfusion during current pregnancy, and current and previous pregnancy outcomes were collected and analysed. Anaemia was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards: normal--Hb > or = 11.0 g/dl; mild--Hb 9.0-10.9 g/dl; moderate--Hb 7.0-8.9 g/dl; and severe--Hb < 7.0 g/dl. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the severity of anaemia. The following outcome measures were used: preterm delivery (<37 weeks), Apgar score, stillbirth, early neonatal death, low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500 g). RESULTS: A total of 1174 anaemic and 547 non-anaemic women were enrolled. Their median age was 24 years (range 14-46 years) and median parity was 2 (range 0-17). The prevalence of anaemia and severe anaemia was 68% and 5.8%, respectively. The risk of preterm delivery increased significantly with the severity of anaemia, with odds ratios of 1.4, 1.4 and 4.1 respectively for mild, moderate and severe anaemia. The corresponding risks for LBW and VLBW were 1.2 and 1.7, 3.8 and 1.5, and 1.9 and 4.2 respectively. CONCLUSION: The risks of preterm delivery and LBW increased in proportion to the severity of maternal anaemia. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL | ANEMIA | PREMATURE BIRTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | RISK FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Hemic System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Health Document Number: 341326 |
| 7. Title: Can we reduce the number of low-birth-weight babies? The Cuban experience. Author: Lopez NB; Choonara I Source: Neonatology. 2009;95(3):193-7. Abstract: Low-birth-weight (LBW) infants have a significantly greater mortality than other babies, not only within the neonatal period but also in infancy and early childhood. Babies are LBW either because they are preterm or they have experienced intrauterine growth retardation. Reducing the prevalence of LBW babies is important in reducing child and infant mortality. Risk factors for prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation are well established. Socioeconomic conditions and nutrition during pregnancy are two key factors. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of LBW infants in developed countries have usually been unsuccessful. A few studies in developing countries have, however, achieved positive results. Cuba has managed to reduce the prevalence of LBW infants and their model of healthcare in relation to achieving this is described. Key features of the Cuban healthcare system are that it is both free and universal, and additionally there is a strong emphasis on primary healthcare. It is likely that a similar approach in both developing countries and disadvantaged communities in developed countries would reduce the prevalence of LBW babies. This would have a major impact in relation to reducing infant mortality rates. Language: English Keywords: CUBA | RESEARCH REPORT | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION | MORTALITY | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Congenital Abnormalities | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Document Number: 341366 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Pregnancy outcome in women infected with HIV-1 receiving combination antiretroviral therapy before versus after conception. Author: Machado ES; Hofer CB; Costa TT; Nogueira SA; Oliveira RH; Abreu TF; Evangelista LA; Farias IF; Mercadante RT; Garcia MF; Neves RC; Costa VM; Lambert JS Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2009 Apr;85(2):82-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The potential adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy are discrepant and few studies, mostly from Europe, have provided information about pregnancy outcomes of those already on treatment at conception. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of antiretrovirals (ARVs) on pregnancy outcome according to the timing of treatment initiation in a cohort of pregnant women from Brazil infected with HIV. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 696 pregnant women followed up in one single centre between 1996 and 2006 was studied. Patients who had ARV treatment before pregnancy were compared with those treated after the first trimester. The outcomes evaluated were preterm delivery (PTD) (<37 weeks), severe PTD (<34 weeks), low birth weight (LBW) (<2500 g) and very LBW (<1500 g). RESULTS: Patients who were using ARVs pre-conception had higher rates of LBW (33.3% vs 16.5%; p<0.001) and a similar trend for PTD (26.3% vs 17.7%; p = 0.09). Stratification by type of therapy (dual vs highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)) according to timing of initiation of ARVs showed that patients who use HAART pre-conception have a higher rate of PTD (20.2% vs 10.2%; p = 0.03) and LBW (24.2% vs 10.2%; p = 0.002). After adjusting for several factors, HAART used pre-conception was associated with an increased risk for PTD (AOR 5.0; 95% CI 1.5 to 17.0; p = 0.009) and LBW (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.7 to 7.7; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We identified an increased risk for LBW and PTD in patients who had HAART prior to pregnancy. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY | SIDE EFFECTS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | TIME FACTORS | PREMATURE BIRTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | HIV | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Population Dynamics | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 341851 |
| 9. Title: Maternal urinary tract infection: is it independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcome? Author: Mazor-Dray E; Levy A; Schlaeffer F; Sheiner E Source: Journal of Maternal - Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2009 Feb;22(2):124-8. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This population-based study was aimed to determine whether there is an association between urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy, among patients in whom antibiotic treatment was recommended, and maternal and perinatal outcome. METHODS: A retrospective population-based study comparing all singleton pregnancies of patients with and without UTI was performed. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to control for confounders. RESULTS: Out of 199,093 deliveries, 2.3% (n = 4742) had UTI during pregnancy and delivery. Patients with UTI had significantly higher rates of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), pre-eclampsia, caesarean deliveries (CD) and pre-term deliveries (either before 34 weeks or 37 weeks of gestation). Although controlling for possible confounders such as maternal age and parity, using multivariable analyses, the significant association between UTI and IUGR, pre-eclampsia, CD and preterm deliveries persisted. In contrast, no significant differences in 5-min Apgar scores less than 7 or perinatal mortality were noted between the groups (0.6% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.782, and 1.5% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.704, respectively). CONCLUSION: Maternal UTI is independently associated with pre-term delivery, pre-eclampsia, IUGR and CD. Nevertheless, it is not associated with increased rates of perinatal mortality compared with women without UTI. Language: English Keywords: ISRAEL | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | UROGENITAL EFFECTS | INFECTIONS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | RISK FACTORS | PREMATURE BIRTH | INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION | PREECLAMPSIA | CESAREAN SECTION | Developed Countries | Middle East | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Urogenital System | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health | Congenital Abnormalities | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Pregnancy Complications | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 341696 |
| 10. Peer Reviewed Title: Molecular identification of endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection among gestations at risk for preterm birth in Ecuador. Author: Medina M; Moya W; Hidalgo L; Calle A; Teran E; Chedraui P Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jan;279(1):9-10. Abstract: AIM AND METHOD: To identify Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) endocervical infection among gestations at risk for preterm birth by means of DNA amplification. RESULTS: One hundred fifty eight (n = 158) gestations of Guayaquil (63.3%) and Quito (36.7%) Ecuador, at risk for preterm birth: threatened preterm labor (TPL, 60.8%) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM, 39.2%) were recruited. CT infection was presented in 8.2% of cases (TPL: 10.4% and PPROM: 4.8%). No significant difference was observed in this frequency in regard to city or diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Although the causative role of CT infection for these antenatal complications cannot be completely ruled out, its presence may justify an antenatal routine screening program in order to provide appropriate therapy. Language: English Keywords: ECUADOR | RESEARCH REPORT | PREGNANT WOMEN | CHLAMYDIA | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | ANTENATAL CARE | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 341009 |
| 11. Title: Outcomes for subsequent pregnancy in women who have undergone misoprostol mid-trimester termination of pregnancy. Author: Mirmilstein V; Rowlands S; King JF Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Apr;49(2):195-7. Abstract: In Australia, the most common method of mid-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) is by medical induction with the prostaglandin E 1 analog misoprostol. This study was undertaken to compare the pregnancy outcomes of women who had undergone a misoprostol mid-trimester TOP in their last pregnancy with those of a similar cohort of women without a history of misoprostol TOP. This study suggests a possibility that medical mid-trimester TOP with misoprostol increases the risk of preterm or very preterm delivery in a subsequent pregnancy but larger studies are needed to confirm or dismiss this. Language: English Keywords: AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | CONTROL GROUPS | WOMEN | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ABORTION | MISOPROSTOL | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | Oceania | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Prostaglandins, Synthetic | Prostaglandins | Endocrine System | Physiology | Biology | Health Document Number: 342384 Notification |
| 12. Title: Perinatal death pattern in the four districts of Thailand: findings from the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children (PCTC). Author: Mo-suwan L; Isaranurug S; Chanvitan P; Techasena W; Sutra S; Supakunpinyo C; Choprapawon C Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2009 May;92(5):660-6. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and investigate causes of perinatal deaths of a cohort of the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A semi-structured verbal autopsy questionnaire and review of medical records were used to ascertain the causes of deaths during the perinatal period in four districts of Thailand. RESULTS: The total numbers of 3,522 babies (with 28 pairs of twins) were born from 3,494 pregnant women. The perinatal mortality rate was 10.69 per 1,000 total births, the stillbirth rate was 6.75 per 1,000 births, and the early neonatal mortality rate was 3.97 per 1,000 live-births. About 37.8% of the perinatal deaths were agreed to by two pediatricians and a neonatologist as preventable. About 90% of the preventable stillbirths occurred in the antepartum period. CONCLUSION: Findings from the present study indicates that to further reduce the perinatal death rate, attention should be focused on reducing the stillbirths by a quality antenatal care. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | PROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | PREGNANT WOMEN | PERINATAL MORTALITY | DEATH RATE | CAUSES OF DEATH | FETAL DEATH | INFANT MORTALITY | PREMATURE BIRTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 341770 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Adolescent pregnancies and deliveries: problems encountered. Author: Nkwabong E; Fomulu JN Source: Tropical Doctor. 2009 Jan;39(1):9-11. Abstract: Teenage pregnancies are increasing and need special attention. The aim of this retrospective study, conducted from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2004 at the maternity department of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon, was to analyze the evolution of pregnancy and delivery in primiparous teenagers. The medical files of 190 teenagers and 403 patients aged between 20 and 25 years were analyzed and compared. Mean gestational age, the rate of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disease and the caesarean section rate were similar in both groups. However, there were a greater number of low Apgar scores, vaginal tears and instrumental deliveries in teenagers. Those aged 15 years or less had the additional risk of an increased rate of preterm labour, low birth weight and early neonatal death. Therefore, pregnancies and deliveries among teenagers, especially those aged 15 years or less, should be monitored regularly. Language: English Keywords: CAMEROON | RESEARCH REPORT | CLINICAL RESEARCH | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | PREGNANT WOMEN | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | YOUTH | CHILDBIRTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PRIMIPARITY | AGE FACTORS | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | CESAREAN SECTION | PREMATURE BIRTH | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Studies | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Adolescents | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Parity | Fertility Measurements | Diseases | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 331070 |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Partner- and partnership-related risk factors for preterm birth among low-income women in Lima, Peru. Author: Paul K; Garcia PJ; Manhart LE; Holmes KK; Hitti JE Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Apr;68(8):1535-40. Abstract: A woman's partner and the characteristics of their partnership can play an important role in the health of her pregnancy. Yet, with the notable exception of intimate partner violence, there has been little previous research addressing the associations between partner- or partnership-related factors and birth outcomes. This analysis tested the hypothesis that risk factors related specifically to partner or partnership characteristics increased the risk for preterm birth. Between 2003 and 2005, a total of 580 preterm cases (20-36 weeks gestational age at delivery) and 633 term controls (> or =37 weeks) were selected from women delivering at an obstetric hospital in Lima, Peru. Each woman completed a confidential, structured interview and provided biological specimens within 48 h after delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between partner and partnership characteristics and preterm birth. After adjustment for behavioral, demographic, and obstetric risk factors, ever having had a partner with a history of drug use (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.22-2.99), ever having had anal sex (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.07-1.84), having a current partner with a history of visiting prostitutes (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.33), and perceiving one's current partner as a "womanizer" (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.77) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of preterm birth when tested in separate models. These four factors were then used to create a composite partnership risk score, which showed an increasing dose-response relationship with preterm birth risk (per additional partner risk factor: aOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16-1.49). These results highlight the importance of considering a broader set of risk factors for preterm birth, specifically those related to a woman's partner and partnership characteristics. Further research could clarify the specific mechanisms through which these partner and partnership characteristics may increase the risk of preterm birth. Language: English Keywords: PERU | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | WOMEN | SEXUAL PARTNERS | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | INTERVIEWS | Developing Countries | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Social Class | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health | Data Collection Document Number: 341690 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Nosocomial Sepsis Risk Score for Preterm Infants in Low-resource Settings. Author: Rosenberg RE; Ahmed AN; Saha SK; Chowdhury MA; Ahmed S; Law PA; Black RE; Santosham M; Darmstadt GL Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2009 Jul 21; Abstract: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality for neonates in developing countries; however, little research has focused on clinical predictors of nosocomial infection of preterm neonates in the low-resource setting. We sought to validate the only existing feasible score introduced by Singh et al. in 2003 and to create an improved score. In a secondary analysis of daily evaluations of 497 neonates Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT | PREMATURE BIRTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | INFECTIONS | HEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS | SCREENING | VALIDITY | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | JAUNDICE | RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Hemic System | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology | Pulmonary Effects Document Number: 342294 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Pregnancy outcomes after laminaria placement and second-trimester removal. Author: Siedhoff M; Cremer ML Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2009 Aug;114(2 Pt 2):456-8. Abstract: BACKGROUND:: Even after comprehensive counseling, patients change their mind about the decision to terminate a pregnancy. There are few data about the effect of laminaria placement and removal on subsequent pregnancy outcome. CASE:: We describe four cases of laminaria removal at 12-17 weeks of gestation with varying outcomes. Two of the four cases developed cervical dilation and delivered early with documented acute chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION:: Patients should be counseled that pregnancy termination begins with laminaria placement and that their removal could result in premature delivery. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | NEW YORK | SUMMARY REPORT | CASE HISTORIES | CLIENTS | LAMINARIA TENTS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | FETAL MEMBRANES | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | ANTIBIOTICS | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREMATURE LABOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Cervical Dilatation | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fetus | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Drugs Document Number: 342274 |
| 17. Peer Reviewed Title: Abortion and the risk of subsequent preterm birth: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Author: Swingle HM; Colaizy TT; Zimmerman MB; Morriss FH Jr Source: Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2009 Feb;54(2):95-108. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies that test the association between induced or spontaneous abortion and subsequent preterm birth. STUDY DESIGN: International databases were reviewed (1995-2007) using the terms preterm, premature, birth, labor, delivery, abortion, induced abortion, miscarriage and spontaneous abortion. Only studies that met prespecified objective criteria for methodologic design and reporting were included in the meta-analyses. RESULTS: Twelve induced and 9 spontaneous abortion studies met inclusion criteria. Common adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for preterm birth following 1 and > or = 2 induced abortions were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03-1.48) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.21-1.75), respectively. Four studies provided a common adjusted OR for < or = 32 weeks' births of 1.64 (95% CI 1.38-1.91). Meta-regression analysis revealed a previously unrecognized inverse relationship between the In OR and the control population preterm birth rate, explaining in part the observed heterogeneity among studies. Analysis of spontaneous abortion and subsequent preterm birth revealed a similar common adjusted OR and inverse meta-regression on the control preterm birth rates. CONCLUSION: Induced and spontaneous abortion are associated with similarly increased ORs for preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies, and they vary inversely with the baseline preterm birth rate, explaining some of the variability among studies. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | CASE CONTROL STUDIES | CLINICAL RESEARCH | WOMEN | ABORTION | ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS | PREMATURE BIRTH | RISK FACTORS | BIRTH RATE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Complications | Diseases | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Health | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics Document Number: 341116 |
| 18. Title: Is induced abortion a risk factor in subsequent pregnancy? Author: Voigt M; Henrich W; Zygmunt M; Friese K; Straube S; Briese V Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2009;37(2):144-9. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of terminations of pregnancy influences subsequent pregnancies in terms of pregnancy risks, prematurity and neonatal biometrics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on the perinatal statistics of eight German federal states, data of 247,593 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies born between 1998 and 2000 were analyzed. The control group consisted of primiparous women without previous induced abortions. Maternal age was adjusted for. RESULTS: There was an overall trend towards an increased rate of preterm delivery at Language: English Keywords: GERMANY | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | PARITY | ABORTION | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | RISK FACTORS | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | Europe, Central | Europe | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Diseases | Health | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology Document Number: 331182 Notification |
| 19. Title: Prenatal care demand and its effects on birth outcomes by birth defect status in Argentina. Author: Wehby GL; Murray JC; Castilla EE; Lopez-Camelo JS; Ohsfeldt RL Source: Economics and Human Biology. 2009 Mar;7(1):84-95. Abstract: Our objective was to identify determinants of prenatal care demand and evaluate the effects of this demand on low birth weight and preterm birth. Delay in initiating prenatal care was modeled as a function of pregnancy risk indicators, enabling factors, and regional characteristics. Conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimation was used to model self-selection into prenatal care use when estimating its effectiveness. Birth registry data was collected post delivery on infants with and without common birth defects born in 1995-2002 in Argentina using a standard procedure. Several maternal health and fertility indicators had significant effects on prenatal care use. In the group without birth defects, prenatal care delay increased significantly LBW and preterm birth when accounting for self-selection using the CML model but not in the standard probit model. Prenatal care was found to be ineffective on average in the birth defect group. The self-selection of higher risk women into earlier initiation of prenatal care resulted in underestimation of prenatal care effectiveness when using a standard probit model with several covariates. Large improvements in birth outcomes are suggested with earlier initiation of prenatal care for pregnancies uncomplicated with birth defects in Argentina, implying large opportunity costs from the long waiting time observed in this sample (about 17 weeks on average). The suggested ineffectiveness for pregnancies complicated with common birth defects deserves further research. Language: English Keywords: ARGENTINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INFANT | ANTENATAL CARE | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS | PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS | South America, Southern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Reproduction | Diseases | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 342513 |
| 20. Peer Reviewed Title: Pregnancy intention and preterm birth: differential associations among a diverse population of women. Author: Afable-Munsuz A; Braveman P Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008 Jun;40(2):66-73. Abstract: Studies published to date provide mixed evidence on the relationship between unintended pregnancy and preterm birth, and none take into consideration that the meaning of unintended pregnancy may vary across racial and ethnic groups. Data from the 1999-2003 rounds of the Maternal and Infant Health Assessment, a population-based, representative survey of postpartum women in California, were used to assess the relationship between pregnancy intention and preterm birth. For racial and ethnic groups in which an association was found, sequential logistic regression was conducted to further examine the relationship while controlling for socioeconomic characteristics. In unadjusted results, pregnancy intention was associated with preterm birth among both whites and immigrant Latinas, but not among blacks or U.S.-born Latinas. Among whites, compared with women who reported that their pregnancy was intended, those who were unsure about their pregnancy had elevated odds of preterm birth (odds ratio, 1.4), as did those who reported their pregnancy was unwanted (1.7) or mistimed (1.4). Among immigrant Latinas, those who reported being unsure about their pregnancy were at higher risk of preterm birth than were those who reported an intended pregnancy (1.6). After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, the association remained significant for immigrant Latinas who were unsure about their pregnancy (1.5), but none of the associations remained significant for whites. Women's interpretations of questions about pregnancy intention and their social experiences regarding pregnancy intention may vary by race or ethnicity. Studies on the association between pregnancy intention and preterm birth may need to be group-specific. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | CALIFORNIA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ETHNIC GROUPS | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREMATURE BIRTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Economic Factors Document Number: 308656 |
| 21. Title: Perinatal factors associated with early deaths of preterm infants born in Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research centers. Author: Almeida MF; Guinsburg R; Martinez FE; Procianoy RS; Leone CR; Marba ST; Rugolo LM; Luz JH; Lopes JM Source: Jornal De Pediatria. 2008 Jul-Aug;84(4):300-7. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perinatal factors associated with early neonatal death in preterm infants with birth weights (BW) of 400-1,500 g. METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study of all infants with BW of 400-1,500 g and 23-33 weeks of gestational age (GA), without malformations, who were born alive at eight public university tertiary hospitals in Brazil between June of 2004 and May of 2005. Infants who died within their first 6 days of life were compared with those who did not regarding maternal and neonatal characteristics and morbidity during the first 72 hours of life. Variables associated with the early deaths were identified by stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 579 live births met the inclusion criteria. Early deaths occurred in 92 (16%) cases, varying between centers from 5 to 31%, and these differences persisted after controlling for newborn illness severity and mortality risk score (SNAPPE-II). According to the multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with early intrahospital neonatal deaths: gestational age of 23-27 weeks (odds ratio - OR = 5.0; 95%CI 2.7-9.4), absence of maternal hypertension (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.0-3.7), 5th minute Apgar 0-6 (OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.4-5.4), presence of respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 3.1; 95%CI 1.4-6.6), and network center of birth. CONCLUSION: Important perinatal factors that are associated with early neonatal deaths in very low birth weight preterm infants can be modified by interventions such as improving fetal vitality at birth and reducing the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome. The heterogeneity of early neonatal rates across the different centers studied indicates that best clinical practices should be identified and disseminated throughout the country. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | INFANT | NEONATAL MORTALITY | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | CAUSES OF DEATH | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Infant Mortality | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction Document Number: 341040 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: [Low birth weight in Brazil according to live birth data from the Ministry of Health, 2005] Baixo peso ao nascer no Brasil de acordo com as informacoes sobre nascidos vivos Author: Andrade CL; Szwarcwald CL; Castilho EA Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2008 Nov;24(11):2564-72. Abstract: Although the Brazilian Information System on Live Births (SINASC) has expanded its coverage and improved its data quality since the system was implemented, the live birth count in Brazil is still not complete. The current study analyzes inequalities in low birth weight in Brazil in 2005, based on geographic factors, municipality of residence, maternal schooling, and prenatal care. An analysis of all live births showed a low birth weight paradox, namely high percentages in areas with the highest socioeconomic development. The main explanation for these paradoxical findings involves shorter neonatal survival and inadequate recording of premature births in poorer municipalities. Considering at-term live births from non-multiple gestations, inequalities were found in maternal schooling. Comprehensive, quality prenatal care could have a greater impact by reducing negative outcomes of gestation and decreasing the socioeconomic inequalities of perinatal health in Brazil. Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | DATA COLLECTION | PARITY | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | INEQUALITIES | RELIABILITY | RECORDS | PREMATURE BIRTH | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | NEEDS | HEALTH EDUCATION | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Economic Factors | Measurement | Information Processing | Information | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Education Document Number: 342260 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Preterm births, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction in three birth cohorts in Southern Brazil: 1982, 1993 and 2004. Author: Barros FC; Victora CG; Matijasevich A; Santos IS; Horta BL; Silveira MF; Barros AJ Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2008;24 Suppl 3:S390-8. Abstract: Three birth cohort studies from 1982, 1993 and 2004, in Pelotas, Southern Brazil provided the data for this study of trends in preterm births, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. We found a slight increase in the period in the low birth weight prevalence from 9% to 10%. Intrauterine growth restriction decreased from 14.8% in 1982 to 9.4% in 1993, and subsequently increased to 12% in 2004, whereas preterm births increased markedly, from 6.3% in 1982 to 14.7% in 2004. This striking increment could not be explained by changes in maternal characteristics, as mothers in 2004 were heavier, smoked less during pregnancy and attended antenatal clinics more often and earlier than those of previous cohorts. However, pregnancy interruptions due either to caesarean sections or to inductions significantly increased. Caesareans increased from 28% in 1982 to 45% in 2004, and inductions were 2.5% in 1982 but 11.1% in 2004. The increase in preterms could be partially explained by the growing number of pregnancy interruptions, but there must be other causes since this increase was also observed among babies born by non-induced vaginal deliveries. Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | COHORT ANALYSIS | FETUS | INFANT | GROWTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Development | Biology | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Congenital Abnormalities | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases Document Number: 330455 |
24.  Peer Reviewed Title: Maternal oral health in pregnancy. Author: Boggess KA Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2008 Apr;111(4):976-986. Abstract: Oral diseases are prevalent conditions; dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, and adult periodontal infection affects up to 40% of reproductive-aged women. Childhood caries is a preventable infectious disease, and maternal oral flora is one of the greatest predictors of the oral flora of her offspring. Periodontal infection is also preventable and has received recent attention as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infection. Periodontal infection has also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Effective preventive and treatment measures to reduce the morbidity of oral diseases exist, yet both caries and periodontal infection remain prevalent, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities and disadvantaged individuals. Given the evident relationships between oral and general health and between maternal and infant oral health, oral health care should be a goal for all individuals. Pregnancy offers an opportunity to educate women regarding oral health and treat them where appropriate. Research is ongoing to delineate the role of maternal oral health care in pregnancy outcomes and opportunities for positive intervention. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | PREGNANT WOMEN | DENTAL HEALTH | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | ORAL EFFECTS | GINGIVITIS | INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION | PREMATURE BIRTH | TREATMENT | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Physiology | Biology | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Transmission | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care Document Number: 325883 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Previous abortion and the risk of low birth weight and preterm births. Author: Brown JS Jr; Adera T; Masho SW Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008;62:16-22. Abstract: The objective was to investigate the association between previous abortion and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB). The study examined live, singleton births using data from the United States Collaborative Perinatal Project. Logistic regression was used to control for obstetric and medical history, and lifestyle and demographic factors. Compared with women with no history of abortion, women who had one, two and three or more previous abortions were 2.8 (95% CI 2.48 to 3.07), 4.6 (95% CI 3.94 to 5.46) and 9.5 (95% CI 7.72 to 11.67) times more likely to have LBW, respectively. The risk for PB was also 1.7 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.83), 2.0 (95% CI 1.73 to 2.37) and 3.0 (95% CI 2.47 to 3.70) times higher for women with a history of one, two and three or more previous abortions, respectively. Previous abortion is a significant risk factor for LBW and PB, and the risk increases with the increasing number of previous abortions. Practitioners should consider previous abortion as a risk factor for LBW and PB. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | WOMEN | ABORTION | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | RISK FACTORS | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREVALENCE | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Measurement Document Number: 323231 Notification |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: [Prematurity and associated factors in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in 2005: An analysis based on data from the Information System on Live Births] Prematuridade e fatores associados no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, no ano de 2005: análise dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Author: Cascaes AM; Gauche H; Baramarchi FM; Borges CM; Peres KG Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2008 May;24(5):1024-1032. Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of preterm birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and identify associated factors. Data were obtained from the SINASC database (Information System on Live Births). The quisquared test and Wald linear trend test between the dependent variable (prematurity) and the covariates were applied. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between factors. In 2005, the preterm birth rate was 6.1% (95%CI: 5.9-6.2). Odds of prematurity were higher among mothers under 20 and over 40 years old, those with fewer prenatal consultations, and those undergoing cesarean sections. Prevalence of prematurity in Santa Catarina appears to be increasing. This scenario suggests the need to encourage prenatal care and discourage cesarean deliveries in order to decrease the prematurity rate. More studies using the existing databases could help identify their shortcomings and improve the quality of the data. (author's) Language: Portuguese Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | PREMATURE BIRTH | PREVALENCE | RISK FACTORS | INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS | LOGISTIC MODEL | ANTENATAL CARE | CESAREAN SECTION | Developing Countries | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Measurement | Research Methodology | Biology | Data Storage and Retrieval | Information Processing | Information | Mathematical Model | Theoretical Models | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine Document Number: 326499 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: The associations between inter-pregnancy interval and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Brazil. Author: Cecatti JG; Correa-Silva EP; Milanez H; Morais SS; Souza JP Source: Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2008 Mar;12(2):275-281. Abstract: Global estimates of maternal and perinatal mortality have remained unchanged over the past 20 years, and strategies are being sought to decrease the occurrence of maternal and perinatal death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between inter-pregnancy interval and the occurrence of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. A cross-sectional study of the obstetrical and perinatal records in an intra-hospital obstetrics database between 1986 and 2000 at a tertiary maternity hospital in Brazil was examined. The participants totaled of 14,930 records of parous women who delivered singleton infants. The main outcome measures were crude and adjusted odds ratio estimates of gestational outcome according to inter-pregnancy intervals. During the period of the study, 34.6% of records referred to women with an inter-pregnancy interval less than 18 months. After the adjustment performed for 11 confounding factors and assuming an inter-pregnancy interval of 18-23 months as reference, short intervals (less than 6 months) were observed to be associated with a greater risk of low birth weight (odds ratio: 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.18-2.55), and preterm birth (1.56; 1.01-2.46). On the other hand, long intervals were significantly associated with fewer C-sections (0.69; 0.56-0.82), and a greater risk of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (1.57; 1.20-2.06) and low birth weight (1.46; 1.03-2.06). Short inter-pregnancy intervals are associated with a higher risk of low birth weight and preterm birth, while long intervals are associated with a higher risk of PROM, low birth weight and a lower risk of C-section. (author's) Language: English Keywords: BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | PREGNANCY INTERVALS | BIRTH SPACING | RISK ASSESSMENT | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | PREMATURE BIRTH | CESAREAN SECTION | MATERNAL HEALTH | INFANT HEALTH | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Evaluation | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Pregnancy Outcomes | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Child Health Document Number: 324359 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Effect of parity and advanced maternal age on obstetric outcome. Author: Chan BC; Lao TT Source: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2008 Sep;102(3):237-241. Abstract: Objectives: To examine the effect of parity on obstetric outcome in women aged 40 years or older. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 16 427 singleton pregnancies delivered between 1998 and 2001 was studied. Obstetric outcomes in women aged 40 years or older versus women younger than 40 years were compared for both nulliparous and multiparous women. Results: Of the 15 727 pregnancies (95.7%) that satisfied the inclusion criteria, 606 (3.9%) were in women aged 40 years or older. Advanced age was independently associated with cesarean delivery, birth and spontaneous preterm labor before 37 weeks, and low birth weight neonates in nulliparous women, but only with preterm birth before 37 weeks and cesarean delivery in multiparous women. Conclusion: Obstetric outcome in women aged 40 years or older was influenced by parity. Cesarean delivery and preterm birth before 37 weeks were independently associated with older age irrespective of parity. Advanced age is a risk factor for preterm birth. Language: English Keywords: HONG KONG | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PARITY | PREMATURE BIRTH | MATERNAL AGE | CESAREAN SECTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parental Age | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Obstetrical Surgery | Surgery | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health Document Number: 308279 |
| 29. Peer Reviewed Title: Paternal age and adverse birth outcomes: Teenager or 40+, who is at risk? Author: Chen XK; Wen SW; Krewski D; Fleming N; Yang Q Source: Human Reproduction. 2008;23(6):1290-1296. Abstract: Most previous studies on the effect of paternal age have focused on the association of advanced paternal age with congenital anomalies. The objective of this study was to determine whether paternal age is associated with the risk of adverse birth outcomes, independent of maternal confounders. We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 2 614 966 live singletons born to married, nulliparous women aged 20-29 years between 1995 and 2000 in the USA. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to estimate the independent effect of paternal age on adverse birth outcomes. Compared with infants born to fathers aged 20-29 years, infants fathered by teenagers (less than 20 years old) had an increased risk of preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.20], low birth weight (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.19), small-for-gestational-age births (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22), low Apgar score (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27), neonatal mortality (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and post-neonatal mortality (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.82). Advanced paternal age (greater than or equal to 40 years) was not associated with the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Teenage fathers carry an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes that is independent of maternal confounders, whereas advanced paternal age is not an independent risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | COHORT ANALYSIS | INFANT | PATERNAL AGE | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES | RISK FACTORS | PREMATURE BIRTH | LOW BIRTH WEIGHT | INFANT MORTALITY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Parental Age | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities | Diseases | Biology | Birth Weight | Body Weight | Physiology | Mortality | Population Dynamics Document Number: 326849 |
| 30. Peer Reviewed Title: Maternal HIV status and pregnancy outcomes in northeastern Tanzania: A registry-based study. Author: Habib NA; Daltveit AK; Bergsjo P; Shao J Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2008 Apr;115(5):616-624. Abstract: The proportion of women delivering with known HIV status in sub-Saharan Africa is not well described. Risk of HIV transmission to newborns is a major concern, but there may also be increased risks for other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The design used was a hospital registry. The setting was North East Tanzania (1999-2006). The population used was singletons (n = 14 444). Births were grouped by maternal HIV status and sociodemographic factors predicting HIV status, and associations between status and pregnancy outcomes were studied. The main outcome measures were maternal HIV status, perinatal mortality, prematurity, small for gestational age (SGA), birthweight and low Apgar score. The proportion of mothers with known HIV status increased from 7% before 2001 to 78% after 2004. Single motherhood, rural residence, low maternal education, maternal and paternal farming and higher paternal age were associated with unknown HIV status. About 7.4% (95% CI 6.7-8.1%) of women were HIV infected, with increased likelihood of infection with higher gravidity, single motherhood, rural residence, maternal business or farming occupations and paternal tribe. Compared with HIV-uninfected women, the untreated HIV-infected women had a higher risk of SGA births (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.4), preterm birth (ARR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.7) and perinatal death (ARR 1.9; 95% CI 0.95-3.8). Women with unknown HIV status had moderately increased risks. Treated HIV-infected women had a risk similar to that of the HIV-uninfected women for all outcomes, except for low Apgar score. HIV testing and infection were associated with socio-demographic factors. Untreated HIV-infected women had higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and risks were also increased for women with unknown HIV status. There is still a need to increase availability of HIV testing, education and adequate therapy for pregnant women. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | MOTHERS | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | PREMATURE BIRTH | BIRTH WEIGHT | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Research Methodology | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Body Weight | Physiology | Biology | Population | Economic Factors Document Number: 325053 |
 |
||
 |
Information & Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project 111 Market Place Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202 Phone: 410-659-6300 Fax: 410-659-6266 Security & Privacy Policy |  |