1.  Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual risk-taking among adult dating couples in the United States. Author: Billy JO; Grady WR; Sill ME Source: Perspectives On Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2009 Jun;41(2):74-83. Abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of sexual and contraceptive behaviors as risk factors for STDs is largely based on women's or men's separate reports of their attitudes and behaviors. Little research has been based on couples. METHODS: Data from the 2005-2006 National Couples Survey were used to examine the sexual risk-taking behavior of 335 dating couples. Associations between each partner's characteristics and the couple's probability of recently having had anal sex and of having done something to protect themselves from STDs were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Models included measures of power dynamics and partners' perceptions of who controls sexual and contraceptive decisions. RESULTS: Couples in which the female partner reported that her male partner made the decisions about sex and contraception had increased probability of having had anal sex during the four weeks prior to the interview. In addition, partners' relationship power and their perception of control over sex and contraception moderated associations between couples' behavior and partners' characteristics, experiences and beliefs. For example, although couples in which the male partners had known someone with AIDS were less likely than others to engage in anal sex, that association was much greater for males with high income-and thus greater power-than for those with low income. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors are not controlled by any one individual in a relationship; characteristics of each partner are important. Couples-based interventions that take into consideration relationship-especially power-dynamics may enable individuals to initiate and sustain safer-sex practices. Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | ADULTS | COUPLES | SEX BEHAVIOR | POWER | ANAL SEX | CONDOM USE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | PERCEPTION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Political Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Psychological Factors Document Number: 342624 |
| 2. Peer Reviewed Title: Can sex workers regulate police? Learning from an HIV prevention project for sex workers in southern India. Author: Biradavolu MR; Burris S; George A; Jena A; Blankenship KM Source: Social Science and Medicine. 2009 Apr;68(8):1541-7. Abstract: There is an argument that policing practices exacerbate HIV risk, particularly for female sex workers. Interventions that mobilize sex workers to seek changes in laws and law enforcement practices have been prominent in India and have received considerable scholarly attention. Yet, there are few studies on the strategies sex worker advocates use to modify police behavior or the struggles they face in challenging state institutions. This paper draws upon contemporary theories of governance and non-state regulation to analyze the evolving strategies of an HIV prevention non-governmental organization (NGO) and female sex worker community-based organizations (CBOs) to reform police practices in southern India. Using detailed ethnographic observations of NGO and CBO activities over a two year period, and key informant interviews with various actors in the sex trade, this paper shows how a powerless group of marginalized and stigmatized women were able to leverage the combined forces of community empowerment, collective action and network-based governance to regulate a powerful state actor, and considers the impact of the advocacy strategies on sex worker well-being. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | POLICE | SEX WORKERS | HIV PREVENTION | INTERVENTIONS | ADVOCACY | POWER | INTERVIEWS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Corrections Officers | Government | Sex Behavior | Behavior | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Programs | Organization and Administration | Communication | Data Collection | Research Methodology Document Number: 341691 |
| 3. Title: Sex trafficking, violence victimization, and condom use among prostituted women in Nicaragua. Author: Decker MR; Mack KP; Barrows JJ; Silverman JG Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009 Jul 2; Abstract: The present study concerning disempowerment-related STI/HIV vulnerabilities among prostituted women in Nicaragua identified extensive experiences of trafficking, as well as violence and powerrelated barriers to condom use. Findings strongly indicate the need for further efforts to evaluate and address these forms of disempowerment and their implications for STI/HIV risk among prostituted women in the region. Language: English Keywords: NICARAGUA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | SEX WORKERS | SEXUAL TRAFFICKING | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | CONDOM USE | OBSTACLES | POWER | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | Developing Countries | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Domestic Violence | Risk Reduction Behavior | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases Document Number: 341975 |
| 4. Title: Youth as research fieldworkers in a context of HIV/AIDS Author: Francis D; Hemson C Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2009;8(2):223-230. Abstract: While youth-to-youth research approaches have increased in both popularity and practice, our understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying the successes or failures of 'peer researchers' is still developing. This study addresses the question through qualitative research, drawing on observations of the process of training out-of-school youths as research fieldworkers, reflections on the interviews with respondents, and focus group discussions with the young fieldworkers. The authors found several advantages to using fieldworkers who are close in their characteristics to that of respondents. These benefits included ready access to respondents, the immediate use of language appropriate to the respondents, and an ability to swiftly establish rapport. They authors also observed several limitations: the peer researchers struggled with the wish of some respondents to establish supportive friendships with them, they lacked the authority of an academic researcher, and they sometimes resorted to false promises in attempts to get cooperation. The authors conclude that using youths as peer researchers is neither better nor worse than using professional researchers, but each approach can produce its own challenges and possibilities. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTHS | INTERVIEWERS | PEER GROUPS | HIV INFECTIONS | TRAINING PROGRAMS | POWER | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | LANGUAGE | ETHICS | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Educational Status | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Survey Personnel | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Knowledge Sources | Communication | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Education | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior Document Number: 339895 |
| 5. Peer Reviewed Title: Milking the cow: young women's construction of identity and risk in age-disparate transactional sexual relationships in Maputo, Mozambique. Author: Hawkins K; Price N; Mussa F Source: Global Public Health. 2009 Mar;4(2):169-82. Abstract: This study employed peer ethnography to explore young women's construction of social identity and risk within age-disparate transactional sexual relationships in Maputo, Mozambique. Peer ethnography is a rapid approach based upon training members of the target group to carry out in-depth qualitative interviews with their peers. The study highlighted young women's perception of agency and power in these relationships. Through a strategy of using their sexuality to extract financial and material resources from men, young women construct a positive identity and esteem linked to perceptions of modernity and consumption and their ability to access consumer goods. Current behavior change HIV prevention messages have little meaning in relation to young women's perceived goals, in a context in which conditions offer few opportunities and limited hope for a secure economic future. Language: English Keywords: MOZAMBIQUE | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | YOUTH | TRANSACTIONAL SEX | AIDS PREVENTION | HIV PREVENTION | POWER | RISK BEHAVIOR | INTERVIEWS | GENDER RELATIONS | AGE FACTORS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Sex Behavior | Behavior | AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Collection | Gender Issues Document Number: 341396 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: HIV infection, stressful life events, and intimate relationship power: the moderating role of community resources for black South African women. Author: Ketchen B; Armistead L; Cook S Source: Women and Health. 2009 Mar-May;49(2-3):197-214. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Black women in South Africa are vulnerable with limited power in intimate relationships. This study explored whether stressful life events and/or HIV infection were associated with relationship power and whether the impact was moderated by community resources. METHOD: One hundred four women living with HIV and 152 women not living with HIV participated in individual interviews. RESULTS: Undesirable life changes were negatively associated with relationship control. HIV infection and women's knowledge of community resources were associated with mutual decision-making, while frequency of family use of community resources was negatively related to female dominated decisions. Women living with HIV perceived their male partners as less dominant when they perceived their community resources to be more helpful. CONCLUSIONS: Power in intimate relationships may enhance the quality and length of life for black South African women living with HIV. Knowledge of and perceived helpfulness of community resources are avenues for promoting relationship power. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | BLACKS | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | POWER | COMMUNITY-BASED DISTRIBUTION | SOCIAL WELFARE | STRESS | COUNSELING | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Nonclinical Distribution | Distributional Activities | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Clinic Activities Document Number: 342428 |
| 7. Peer Reviewed Title: Power and empowerment: Fostering effective collaboration in meeting the needs of orphans and vulnerable children. Author: Wallis A; Dukay V; Mellins C Source: Global Public Health. 2009 Jul 22;:1-14. Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has resulted in a rapidly growing population of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). These OVC have strained the traditional safety net provided by extended families to its breaking point. Increasingly, community-based initiatives are emerging to fill the gap. However, relatively little is known about these efforts and their effectiveness. This article looks at one such initiative in rural Tanzania, and explores the relationship between local communities that seek to empower themselves to address the needs of their OVC and external organisations that have the resources and power to help them. This case study describes the successful effort of a community to build a Centre housing its orphans, and the subsequent closure of that Centre despite its evident success, because of a conflict between internal and external interests. This case study is used as the basis of a broader discussion on how those with power, and communities seeking empowerment, are complexly intertwined. Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RURAL AREAS | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | NEEDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | POWER | PROGRAM EVALUATION | PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY | COORDINATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Geographic Factors | Population | Studies | Research Methodology | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family and Household | Economic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Organization and Administration | Programs Document Number: 342277 |
| 8. Title: Wife beating in South Africa: An imbalance theory of resources and power. Author: Choi SY; Ting KF Source: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2008 Jun;23(6):834-852. Abstract: This article develops an imbalance theory to explain physical violence against women in intimate relationships in South Africa. The theory proposes four typologies: dependence, compensation, submission, and transgression, through which imbalances in resource contribution and power distribution between spouses are hypothesized to contribute to violence. The dependence hypothesis suggests that economic dependence of the wife will lead to more violence. The compensation hypothesis argues that the husband will use force to compensate for his inability to live up to the male-provider norm. The submission hypothesis suggests that violence will increase due to the submission of women in male-dominated families. Finally, the transgression hypothesis argues that men in female-dominated families will use force to punish their wives for supposedly transgressing the gender norm of male dominance. Empirical evidence provided some support for the dependence, submission, and transgression hypothesis. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | MALE ROLE | FEMALE ROLE | POWER | PATRIARCHY | MATRIARCHY | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 326875 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Psychosocial analysis of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in South Africa. Author: Cooper S; Foster D Source: International Quarterly of Community Health Education. 2008-2009;29(1):23-44. Abstract: Eleven well-educated students from a university in South Africa, all actively involved in the field of HIV/AIDS, were interviewed through a free-associative-narrative method. This study sought to explore students' perceptions of HIV/AIDS in an attempt to assess whether stigma may occur. To the authors' knowledge, no similar studies exploring HIV/AIDS-related stigma have been done on young adults in South Africa who are actively involved with, and highly educated on, issues around HIV/AIDS. Through their representations, the participants tend to "other" the epidemic and thus distance themselves from a sense of threat. Many of the discourses in which the participants invest also fit into existing power relations, reinforcing some of the most prevalent forms of oppression in South Africa. In line with psychosocial understandings of HIV/AIDS stigma, the results indicate that this "atypical" group of students possess stigmatizing tendencies toward the epidemic and those infected. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for conceptualizing and challenging HIV/AIDS stigma. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | STUDENTS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | STIGMA | PERCEPTION | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | INTERVIEWS | UNIVERSITIES | POWER | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Data Collection | Schools | Political Factors Document Number: 342120 |
| 10. Title: "This is the time to get in front": Changing roles and opportunities for women in Liberia. Author: Fuest V Source: African Affairs. 2008 Apr;107(427):201-224. Abstract: Most research on women in war focuses on female losses. This article demonstrates that wars may also bring gains. The scope of political and economic roles that Liberian women perform today appears to be larger than before the war. Both individually and collectively, certain women have gainfully used openings the war provided them. The article discusses the historicity of Liberian gender roles, examining the social subgroups of politicians, businesswomen, women's organizations, employees, and school girls. Changes have also been fostered by the international peace-building and development business. Although the realization of female ambitions seems to be constrained by various institutional and economic factors, Liberia may harbour a unique potential for sustainable shifts in gender roles. (author's) Language: English Keywords: LIBERIA | CRITIQUE | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | WAR | PEACEMAKING | FEMALE ROLE | CHANGES | POWER | LEADERSHIP | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Social Change | Organization and Administration | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors Document Number: 325875 |
| 11. Title: Racialised sexualities: the case of Filipina migrant workers in East Malaysia. Author: Hilsdon AM; Giridharan B Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2008 Dec;15(6):611-628. Abstract: In national narratives of 'Malayness', a specific language (Malay) and religion (Islam) have become key aspects of an identity that excludes migrants and those of 'questionable' sexualities. Consequently Filipina migrants working in the nightlife industries in East Malaysia have been subjected to disciplinary discourses of ethnicity and sexuality that underpin these national narratives. Attempts to tighten migration laws and curb nightlife activities have resulted in a racialisation of Filipina migrant sexualities. Using ethnographic methods, this article explains the impacts of dominant state and public discourses of migration, ethnicity and gender, which Filipinas encounter in their everyday lives in their destination country. In the process the article also reveals how Filipinas resist these discourses and hence participate in the formation of their subjectivity. Language: English Keywords: MALAYSIA | PHILIPPINES | RESEARCH REPORT | MIGRANTS | HETEROSEXUALS | WOMEN | SEX WORKERS | LABOR MIGRATION | GENDER ISSUES | POWER | INTERVIEWS | MIGRATION POLICY | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Policy | Social Policy | Policy Document Number: 341979 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender attitudes, sexual power, HIV risk: A model for understanding HIV risk behavior of South African men. Author: Kaufman MR; Shefer T; Crawford M; Simbayi LC; Kalichman SC Source: AIDS Care. 2008 Apr;20(4):434-441. Abstract: The Gender Attitudes-Power-Risk (GAPR) model of HIV risk behavior was tested using survey data collected from among 309 men who were attending STI services in a primary health care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Results showed that negative attitudes towards women were significantly positively associated with a high level of HIV risk behavior, and that endorsement of traditional male roles was negatively associated with HIV risk behavior. Endorsement of traditional male gender roles was also inversely related to relationship control but positively to a high degree of decision-making dominance in one's relationship. Sexual relationship power did not significantly mediate the relationships between gender attitudes and HIV risk behavior. A better understanding of gender roles and ideologies in combination with one's power in sexual relationships as they relate to HIV risk behavior among men could better inform future HIV prevention interventions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | THEORETICAL MODELS | MEN | HIV | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | MALE ROLE | GENDER ISSUES | POWER | DECISION MAKING | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Behavior | Social Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors Document Number: 326405 |
| 13. Title: Thai migrants in Singapore: state, intimacy and desire. Author: Kitiarsa P Source: Gender, Place and Culture. 2008 Dec;15(6):595-610. Abstract: In this article, I analyse Thai migration to Singapore, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork (2004-06) to discuss the experiences of male construction workers and female sex workers in negotiating heterosexuality during their temporary residence. I argue that these Thai migrants engage in transient heterosexual encounters as one of many calculated, strategic ways of negotiating their intimate identity and subjectivity in the survival circuits of this global city. Their transient sexual acts are intimate products of negotiated moves, which form a major part of their semi-anonymous, temporary life in a foreign land. The sexual practices of Thai migrant workers in Singapore, I argue, are best understood by taking the following factors into account: the host government's regulation and control of its migrant population; the foreign workers' economic and social situations of mobility as inscribed in their highly dynamic traveling biographies; and their rationalized willingness and desire to embrace transient sexual intimacies as part of their employment and/or struggling lives in the global city's survival circuits. Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | SINGAPORE | CRITIQUE | MIGRANTS | HETEROSEXUALS | SEX WORKERS | LABOR MIGRATION | GENDER ISSUES | POWER | LEGISLATION | INFORMAL SECTOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 341978 |
14.  Title: Differences of sexual behavior predictors between sexually active and nonactive female adolescents in congested communities, Bangkok metropolis. Author: Powwattana A; Ramasoota P Source: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. 2008 Apr;91(4):542-550. Abstract: The objective was to test the differences among the predictors between sexually active and non-active female adolescents. The study design used was a descriptive research. The participants included 581 Thai female adolescents: 262 sexually non-active and 319 sexually active (average age = 19.7 years). They completed questionnaires measuring self-discrepancy, depression, power in relationships (decision making dominance and relationship control), sexual self-efficacy (ability to say no, assertiveness, precaution), cognitive strategies (gain thinking: relationship, development, curiosity; punishment avoidance thinking: negative consequence, ethical-related, fear-related), and sexual behavior. The t-test and the Hierarchical Regression were employed for data analyses. Among the sexually active, 68.8% had vaginal or anal sexual intercourse (11.7%) without using a condom. Significant enabling predictors among the sexually active included sexual self-efficacy (precaution), and gain thinking (relationship), whereas punishment avoidance thinking (negative consequence) had a negative influence: it accounted about 11.0%. Among sexually non-active, alcohol consumption, power in a relationship (decision making dominance), and gain thinking (relationship) accounted for 26.9% of the variance in explaining sexual behavior. A specific link between sexual self-efficacy and cognitive strategies will be drawn to develop a program for the sexually active. Implications for behavioral modification addressing alcohol drinking and power in a relationship should be discussed among the sexually non-active. (author's) Language: English Keywords: THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | QUESTIONNAIRES | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | URBAN POPULATION | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONDOM USE | POWER | DECISION MAKING | INEQUALITIES | RISK BEHAVIOR | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Risk Reduction Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 326880 |
| 15. Title: Young males' gendered sexuality in the era of HIV and AIDS in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Author: Ragnarsson A; Onya HE; Thorson A; Ekstrom AM; Aaro LE Source: Qualitative Health Research. 2008;18(6):739-746. Abstract: This article is focused on young males' sexual identity and behaviors in rural South Africa. The study comprised 19 focus group discussions with adolescents aged 12 to 14 years. The informants depict male sexuality as biologically predetermined, where physical needs and practices such as circumcision legitimize early sexual debut. Furthermore, the construction of male sexual identity and power imbalances in relationships are already evident at an early age, and age and economics are pertinent factors affecting social relations. Violent behavior and sexual abuse are supported by constructed gender inequalities forming an often negative and nonsupportive environment for young people. We stress the importance of planned HIV and sexuality education for young adolescents with support structures that can help endorse individual actions and informed choices. This is especially important in resource-poor settings where young people are likely to be less empowered than is the case in more affluent settings. (author's) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FOCUS GROUPS | ADOLESCENTS, MALE | SEX BEHAVIOR | MALE ROLE | MULTIPLE PARTNERS | MALE CIRCUMCISION | CULTURE | GENDER ISSUES | POWER | SEXUAL ABUSE | HIV | AIDS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Social Behavior | Sexual Partners | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors | Crime | Social Problems | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases Document Number: 326889 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Older sexual partners during adolescence: Links to reproductive health outcomes in young adulthood. Author: Ryan S; Franzetta K; Manlove JS; Schelar E Source: Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 2008 Mar;40(1):17-26. Abstract: Sex at a young age with an older partner has been linked to poor reproductive health outcomes during adolescence, but minimal research has examined the influence of teenagers' having an older sexual partner on reproductive health outcomes during the transition to young adulthood. Logistic regression and contrast analyses of three waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine whether individuals who had had sex before age 16 with a partner at least three years their senior were at increased risk of becoming teenage or unmarried parents or of contracting an STD by young adulthood. Ten percent of females and 2% of males had had early sex with an older partner. These females were more likely to acquire an STD as young adults than were those whose riskiest relationship was before age 16 with a similar-aged partner (odds ratio, 2.1) or at age 16 or later with a similar-aged or older partner (2.4 and 2.6, respectively). For males, having sex before 16, regardless of partner age, was associated with an elevated STD risk (odds ratio, 1.9), although controlling for relationship history characteristics attenuated the association. Adolescents, particularly young adolescents, should be made aware of the potential risks associated with having older sexual partners. In particular, program providers should be alerted that females who engage in early sexual activity with older partners are at especially high risk of experiencing adverse reproductive health consequences. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | STUDENTS | SEXUAL PARTNERS | AGE FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | RISK BEHAVIOR | POWER | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Studies | Research Methodology | Education | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Health | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 325292 |
| 17. Title: Understanding diversity in impact and responses among HIV/AIDS-affected households: the case of Msinga, South Africa. Author: Swaans K; Broerse J; Van Diepen I; Salomon M; Gibson D; Bunders J Source: African Journal of AIDS Research. 2008 Jul;7(2):167-178. Abstract: To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural households in Msinga, South Africa, the sustainable livelihoods framework was adapted. An ethnographic perspective was employed to examine: 1) the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses on people's mind and spirit (the internal environment), and 2) the influence of institutional structures and processes (the external environment), in order to better understand 3) the actions taken by individuals and households in response to HIV and AIDS. Members of three support groups at a local drop-in centre were consulted about the impact of HIV and AIDS on their lives through focus groups, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study shows that the psychosocial impact and associated coping strategies, as well as prevailing gender-based power relations and exclusion from social-exchange networks -- which are not (readily) available factors in the sustainable livelihoods framework -- affect people's lives in different ways and depend on the specific situation of the individual or household concerned. The study confirms the need to restore a household's resource base and to address psychosocial issues. However, the variation in impact to different households requires a diversified and holistic programme of development interventions. Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | RURAL POPULATION | HOUSEHOLDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | LIVELIHOOD | PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS | POWER | SOCIAL PROTECTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Resources | Organization and Administration | Behavior | Political Factors Document Number: 341260 |
| 18. Title: Relative contribution of intrapersonal and partner factors to contraceptive behavior among Taiwanese female adolescents. Author: Wang RH; Chiou CJ Source: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2008 Jun;40(2):131-136. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the relative contribution of intrapersonal factors (demographic data, sexual history, and self-efficacy for contraception) and partner factors (perceptions of support from sexual partners for contraception, and relationship power) to contraceptive behaviors among sexually active female adolescents in Taiwan. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited female adolescents who have had a steady male sexual partner in the past 3 months (N = 375 ) as participants. Questionnaires including demographic data, sexual history, contraceptive behavior, self-efficacy for contraception, perceptions of support from sexual partner for contraception, and perceptions of relationship power were submitted anonymously for this study. Participants who had their first sexual experience at less than 14 years of age and were from one-parent families had the least comprehensive contraceptive behavior than did other participants. Number of steady sexual partners was significantly negatively correlated with contraceptive behavior. Self-efficacy, perceptions of support from sexual partner for contraception, and relationship power all were positively correlated with contraceptive behavior. The important explanatory variables of contraceptive behavior were self-efficacy, age of first sexual intercourse, intervals between sexual intercourse, and perceptions of support from sexual partner for contraception. These accounted for 39.1% of variance in contraceptive behavior. Intrapersonal factors (self-efficacy, age of first sexual intercourse, and intervals between sexual intercourse) were more important than were partner factors (perceptions of support from sexual partners for contraception and relationship power) in influencing contraceptive behavior among sexually active female adolescents in Taiwan. Intervention to increase contraceptive behavior among female adolescents should be focused more on intrapersonal factors than on partner factors. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TAIWAN | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | POWER | PERCEPTION | FIRST INTERCOURSE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Psychological Factors | Sex Behavior Document Number: 327064 |
| 19. Peer Reviewed Title: Sexual pleasure, gender power and microbicide acceptability in Zimbabwe and Malawi. Author: Woodsong C; Alleman P Source: AIDS Education and Prevention. 2008 Apr;20(2):171-187. Abstract: Topical vaginal microbicides are being developed to reduce HIV infection in women for whom correct and consistent condom use is impossible or undesirable. Although microbicides have been heralded as a "women-initiated" method that requires no action of the male partner, gender norms for sexual relationships and sexual practices could impede acceptability and use. To facilitate development of microbicides and look ahead to their eventual introduction, it is necessary to understand couples' sexual dynamics, including power and pleasure. This article presents data from a study of microbicide acceptability ancillary to a microbicide clinical trial in Malawi and Zimbabwe. Female trial participants, male partners, health care professionals and community stakeholders were interviewed about norms for sexual decision-making, sexual pleasure, and associated intravaginal practices that ensure this pleasure. Even though acceptability of microbicides was found to be high, sexual intercourse is accompanied by issues of power and gender norms that place women, particularly those in stable union, at a disadvantage for enactment of risk reduction strategies. Although woman-initiated use is an important goal in development of microbicides, the need for men's cooperation or agreement must be addressed in strategies for future product introduction. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ZIMBABWE | MALAWI | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | WOMEN | MICROBICIDES | HIV PREVENTION | SEXUALITY | FEMALE ROLE | MALE ROLE | POWER | DECISION MAKING | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Drugs | Treatment | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Personality | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Social Behavior | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Interpersonal Relations Document Number: 326379 |
| 20. Title: Going home: A feminist anthropologist's reflections on dilemmas of power and positionality in the field. Author: Alcalde MC Source: Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism. 2007;7(2):143-162. Abstract: In this essay, I draw on my fieldwork in Lima, Peru to critically explore the power relationships within my own feminist research and practice and illustrate what feminist research in one's own society might include. I pay special attention to my roles as academic and advocate and reflect on how power asymmetries based on race, educational status, and class were both reproduced and reshaped during my fieldwork, and how my feminist research agenda and partial insider status were directly tied to the creation and continuation of these power asymmetries. As I illuminate potential dilemmas, rewards, and difficulties that may result from feminist research in one's own society, I foreground the potential for effecting social change from within, the researcher's social responsibility and engagement in the field, and the blurring of boundaries between insider and outsider. (author's) Language: English Keywords: PERU | PHILOSOPHICAL OVERVIEW | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | ADVOCACY | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL | POWER | FEMINISM | South America, Western | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Communication | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Science | Political Factors Document Number: 321187 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Disarmament, peace and solidarity in the changing world order: A woman's vision. Reprinted from development 1991 no 1:79. Author: Antrobus P Source: Development. 2007 Jul;50(S1):96-97. Abstract: Someone observed that men appear to have power and no responsibility while women have responsibility and no power. This exaggerated generalization of masculinity and femininity serves nevertheless to draw attention to the separation of private and public domains: the former governed by women who are given the primary responsibility for taking care of people, leaving men free to operate in the public domain, without any concern for people's well-being (e.g. IMF/World Bank-defined polices of structural adjustment which cut social services while leaving unchallenged mounting defense budgets - according to figures quoted in UNDP's 1990 Human Development Report military expenditure is 104 percent of expenditure on health and education in all developing countries.) This sexual division of labour, with its rigid sex role stereotyping and separation of the private from the public, the personal from the political, the household from the economy is the basis for gender relations at all levels of human society ^ from the domestic to the international where it is reflected in armed conflict, as at the domestic level it is reflected in domestic violence. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | POWER | GENDER RELATIONS | WAR | VIOLENCE | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | FEMINISM | PEACEMAKING | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Gender Issues | Behavior | Financial Activities | Economic Factors Document Number: 319949 |
| 22. Title: Beyond legibility: Violence, conflict and development in a South African township. Author: Bahre E Source: African Studies. 2007;66(1):80-102. Abstract: Notwithstanding the attractions of a Foucaldian approach to state-driven development, particularly the way in which legibility is pivotal to development and its failure, it became increasingly problematic for an intimate understanding of the problems occurring in Indawo Yoxolo. The relative failure or success of the project depended largely on local conflicts and violence. These conflicts and the violence cannot be understood as resistance to a democratic state, but were nonetheless vital to the development project. Anthropologists have too readily categorised social practices as resistance, thus glossing over many of the other strategies, emotions, ambiguities, changing coalitions and insecurities. Ortner rightly warns us that 'The impulse to sanitize the internal politics of the dominated must be understood as fundamentally romantic'. In Indawo Yoxolo, there were many fights over political authority, entitlement, legitimacy of policies and projects, jobs, plots, and so on. This study argues that, in order to understand the relative success or failure of development, one needs to go beyond legibility and examine development as an arena of contestation over scarce resources, ideological justifications, as well as political security. The case study of Indawo Yoxolo reveals that, instead of the establishment of more or less hegemonic power of the state over its citizens, state development led to fierce and violent conflicts in which mafia-style leaders, rivalling political factions, as well as protesting residents, tried to take charge of the development project. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: SOUTH AFRICA | CRITIQUE | VIOLENCE | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | POWER | LAND TENURE | POVERTY | HOUSING | RESOURCE ALLOCATION | CRIME | PRIVATE SECTOR | POLITICAL FACTORS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Behavior | Economic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Financial Activities | Social Problems | Macroeconomic Factors Document Number: 320641 |
| 23. Peer Reviewed Title: Rebel girls? Unplanned pregnancy and colonialism in highlands Papua, Indonesia. Author: Butt L; Munro J Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2007 Nov-Dec;9(6):585-598. Abstract: In highlands Papua, Indonesia, rapid social change under a colonial system of governance has created novel sexual opportunities for young indigenous women. Recent scholarship has viewed similar youthful sexual practices that challenge the status quo as expressions of personal agency. By looking at how young women and their families cope with unplanned pregnancies, we suggest that a more viable analytic approach would be to view sexuality, pregnancy and childbirth as a single unit of analysis. From this perspective, young women's experiences are primarily ones of constraint. Case studies offer insights into the ways a political context of colonial domination limits options and choices for young women who have children born out of wedlock. In particular, this paper describes how the 'settler gaze' - omnipresent colonial norms and judgments - creates regulatory effects in the realm of reproduction. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDONESIA | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | WOMEN | YOUTH | INDIGENOUS POPULATION | SOCIAL CHANGE | SEX BEHAVIOR | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | COLONIALISM | POWER | BELIEFS | KINSHIP NETWORKS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Political Systems | Political Factors | Culture | Family and Household Document Number: 313941 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: Experiences of sexual harassment of women health workers in four hospitals in Kolkata, India. Author: Chaudhuri P Source: Reproductive Health Matters. 2007 Sep;15(30):221-229. Abstract: In 1997, the Supreme Court of India recognised sexual harassment in the workplace as a violation of human rights. However, little is known about the extent or persistence of sexual harassment. To obtain an understanding of women's experiences of sexual harassment in the health sector, an exploratory study was undertaken in 2005-2006 among 135 women health workers, including doctors, nurses, health care attendants, administrative and other non-medical staff working in two government and two private hospitals in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Four types of experiences were reported by the 77 women who had experienced 128 incidents of sexual harassment: verbal harassment (41), psychological harassment (45), sexual gestures and exposure (15), and unwanted touch (27). None of the women reported rape, attempted rape or forced sex but a number of them knew of other women health workers who had experienced these. The women who had experienced harassment were reluctant to complain, fearing for their jobs or being stigmatised, and most were not aware of formal channels for redress. Experiences of sexual harassment reflected the obstacles posed by power imbalances and gender norms in empowering women to make a formal complaint, on the one hand, and receive redress on the other. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | HEALTH PERSONNEL | SEXUAL HARASSMENT | WORKPLACE | POWER | GENDER RELATIONS | INEQUALITIES | FEMALE ROLE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Data Collection | Demographic Factors | Population | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors | Employment | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Political Factors | Gender Issues | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior Document Number: 321386 |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: The influence of power, poverty and agency in the negotiation of condom use for female sex workers in mainland China. Author: Choi SY; Holroyd E Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality. 2007 Sep-Oct;9(5):489-503. Abstract: This paper analyses barriers to consistent condom use in the context of transactional sex among female sex workers in mainland China. It reveals how differences in socioeconomic profile and organisational hierarchies amongst different groups of sex workers create different barriers to condom use. Data was collected by means of field observation of entertainment venues and in-depth interviews. Findings suggest that, compared with other sex workers, street-walkers are less likely to use condoms with their clients, hold highly disadvantaged socioeconomic profiles and work in isolation. Major barriers to condom use link to economic deprivation and threats of violence from clients. For the women working in entertainment venues, drunkenness of clients, pricing mechanisms and familiarity with clients pose barriers to condom use. Yet within all these constraints women are not powerless and instead find ways to exercise agency and gain personal protection and economic advantage. In the newly emerging China, both structural hierarchies of work and individual agency inform condom use by female sex workers. Future HIV intervention programmes need to take these factors into account in order to meet the needs of different groups of women sex workers. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | SEX WORKERS | POVERTY | POWER | CONDOM USE | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | GENDER RELATIONS | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Socioeconomic Factors | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Risk Reduction Behavior | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Gender Issues Document Number: 319296 |
| 26. Peer Reviewed Title: Gender myths and feminist fables: The struggle for interpretive power in gender and development. Author: Cornwall A; Harrison E; Whitehead A Source: Development and Change. 2007 Jan;38(1):1-20. Abstract: Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of 'gender' in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself. (author's) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | LITERATURE REVIEW | FEMINISM | GENDER ISSUES | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | PERCEPTION | POWER | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Political Factors Document Number: 312081 |
| 27. Title: Who's the decider?: How different dimensions of power are related to partner belief about control over the couple's method choice. Author: Cubbins LA; Jordan LP; Rutter V; Tanfer K Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America, 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 33 p. Abstract: A defining characteristic of most existing research on fertility regulation is "an assumption of women's primacy in fertility and contraceptive use". However, with the growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there has been an increased emphasis on understanding men's roles in the reproductive health of couples involved in intimate relationships. This shift has led to a developing body of research directed at men, but has been less successful in generating research based on couples, where reports are obtained from both partners. Understanding how contraceptive decisions are made in heterosexual couples requires consideration of the role of both male and female partners in the decision making process, as well as what factors affect the relative influence of each partner over the final decision. In this paper, we use data from a new, large survey of both partners from over 1,000 married, cohabiting, and dating heterosexual couples in the United States. Our study investigates how perceptions about who makes the final contraceptive choice are related to partners' absolute and relative characteristics along various dimensions of power, including structural status (age, education, and personal income), sexual experience and knowledge of contraceptives, gender role ideology, relationship commitment, and perceived relationship alternatives. Our findings show that men and women differ in their perceptions of who has the final say in contraceptive decisions, as well as differ in the factors influencing these perceptions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | KAP SURVEYS | COUPLES | CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS CHOSEN | HUSBAND-WIFE COMMUNICATION | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | DECISION MAKING | POWER | BELIEFS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Partner Communication | Behavior | Political Factors | Culture Document Number: 317277 |
| 28. Title: The Microphysics of participation in refugee research. Author: Dona G Source: Journal of Refugee Studies. 2007 Jun;20(2):210-229. Abstract: This paper examines the involvement of refugees in the production and reproduction of knowledge of which they are ultimately meant to be beneficiaries. By using examples from research with Central American refugees and Rwandan displaced children, it considers forced migrants' roles as participants in research, their position in 'participatory' research, and the representation of refugees' voices in refugee-centred research. Power is intimately connected to the diverse ways in which participation unfolds, and the last part of the paper examines refugees' participation in research in terms of 'power that circulates' (Foucault) to show that they are not more or less powerful but vehicles for the circulation of power, simultaneously undergoing and exercising it. (author's) Language: English Keywords: CENTRAL AMERICA | RWANDA | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | ACTION RESEARCH | REFUGEES | INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS | CHILDREN | KNOWLEDGE | PARTICIPATION | RESEARCH ACTIVITIES | POWER | HUMAN RESOURCES | SOCIAL MOBILIZATION | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Africa, Central | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Migrants | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Settlement and Resettlement | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Sociocultural Factors | Social Behavior | Behavior | Political Factors | Economic Factors | Social Change Document Number: 319037 |
| 29. Title: Power, trust, and pleasure: relationship components of contraceptive negotiations. Author: Fennell J Source: [Unpublished] 2007. Presented at the Population Association of America 2007 Annual Meeting, New York, New York, March 29-31, 2007. 32 p. Abstract: With contraception playing an ever-larger role in people's sexual lives throughout the world, both in the prevention of pregnancy and the limiting of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, it is increasingly important to understand how people make decisions about contraceptive use. People's decisions about contraceptive use are presumably primarily motivated by the three main purposes of contraception: prevention of pregnancy, prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI's), and menstrual and fertility regulation. Recent research has begun to pay greater attention to the role of couple dynamics in contraceptive decision-making and is well-integrated with work on fertility decision-making. Unfortunately, this research has been less integrated with work on sexual decision-making, even though the sexual context is a major component of a couple's dynamic contraceptive decisions. Moreover, research on couple's contraceptive decisions has focused more on the methodological than the theoretical implications of studying couples. In this paper, I attempt to ameliorate these issues by introducing a theoretical perspective which addresses the sexual context of couple's contraceptive decisions. The theory of contraceptive decision-making and negotiation which I offer here focuses on three elements of sexual relationships-power relations and trust between partners, and the desire for pleasure by individuals and their partners. I argue that these factors ultimately mediate other important elements of relationships, such as gender, material resources, and romantic love in determining if and when contraceptive negotiations take place, and their outcomes if they do. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | THEORETICAL STUDIES | COUPLES | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE DETERMINANTS | DECISION MAKING | POWER | PARTNER COMMUNICATION | CONDOM USE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE PREVENTION | GENDER RELATIONS | CULTURE | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Behavior | Political Factors | Interpersonal Relations | Risk Reduction Behavior | Sexually Transmitted Diseases | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Gender Issues Document Number: 317382 |
| 30. Title: Disciplining bodies, desires and subjectivities: Sexuality and HIV-positive women. Author: Gurevich M; Mathieson CM; Bower J; Dhayanandhan B Source: Feminism and Psychology. 2007;17(1):9-38. Abstract: Very little is known about the sexuality of women who are living with HIV, outside the context of risk prevention and education. Available research in the first-world context shows that, although most women continue to be sexually active following diagnosis, decreased sexual functioning is very common and more prevalent than among HIV-positive men. The present multi-site Canadian study is concerned with the ways in which women's sexuality is transformed by the experience of living with HIV. Semi-structured interviews with 20 women were analysed using thematic decomposition, an analytic technique that combines discursive approaches with thematic analysis. The women in this study construct HIV as inhibiting in relation to sexuality. A predominant discourse of disciplining bodies, desires and subjectivities emerges, which centers on the restrictions imposed by an HIV-positive diagnosis. The following discursive constructions, in particular, emerge from the women's accounts: diminished spontaneity, foreclosed (provisional) sexual freedom, foreclosed power, foreclosed flirtation, inciting violence, (un)natural sex, responsibility imperatives, muted/mutated sexuality, and diminished intimacy. The women's predominant positioning within AIDS discourses as conduits of transmission, the relative neglect of women's psychological and sexual health concerns in both research and public health agendas, and women's relatively anomalous standing in AIDS communities imposes limits on bodies, lives, and subjectivities. These are reflected in these women's accounts, wherein a focus on protecting others frequently impedes access to fulfilling (and safe) sexual and emotional relationships. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | WOMEN | MEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | SEXUALITY | WOMEN'S HEALTH | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS | EMOTIONS | POWER | RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR | SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Personality | Behavior | Health | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Sex Behavior Document Number: 322419 |
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