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Title: 2008 Africa population data sheet.
Author: African Population and Health Research Center; Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2008. 11 p.
Abstract: Even as African women use family planning more and bear fewer children, the continent's youthful population will fuel the continent's growth for many decades to come. Africa's population of 967 million is projected to grow to 1.9 billion by 2050, according to the 2008 Africa Population Data Sheet, produced by the Population Reference Bureau (PRB) and the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC). The report highlights the regional differences within Africa, especially between sub-Saharan and Northern Africa. Contraceptive use has increased fastest in Northern and Southern Africa, and as a result, the number of children the average woman in those regions has during her lifetime has dropped from nearly six children in the early 1980s to around three in 2005. This has slowed population growth in those regions. In most Eastern, Western, and Middle African countries, however, use of family planning remains low, and fertility rates have dropped little, with women averaging between five and six children. Educational attainment, considered an important element in reducing poverty, has increased in many countries, especially at the primary level. But fewer than 75 percent of primary school-age children were enrolled in primary school in Chad, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and several other countries. African countries have made less progress getting children to advance to secondary school. For all of sub-Saharan Africa, the average net enrollment for secondary school is 28 percent. The 2008 Africa Population Data Sheet also includes a series of indicators on population growth, urbanization, family planning use, teenage motherhood, HIV/AIDS, and gross national income per capita for African countries.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | AGE DISTRIBUTION | FERTILITY DECLINE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | INFANT MORTALITY | HIV INFECTIONS | SCHOOL ENROLLMENT | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | ECONOMIC FACTORS | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Mortality | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Health
Document Number: 328222

Title: 2008 world population data sheet.
Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Washington, D.C., PRB, 2008. 16 p.
Abstract: This wall chart, the 2008 World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau, includes demographic data and estimates for the countries and regions of the world. In addition, it summarizes and compares the latest population estimates, projections, and other key indicators for all geopolitical entities with populations of 150,00 or more. As world population has risen from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6.7 billion in 2008, the proportion living in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean has expanded from 68 percent to more than 80 percent. India and China, with a billion-plus each in 2008, make up about 37 percent of the total. Projections for 2050 show this shift to developing countries continuing. Highlighted in this wall chart is naternal mortality in developing countries, the shift in population density from rural to urban areas, and mother's education and children's nutritional status. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION GROWTH | POPULATION SIZE | MATERNAL MORTALITY | FERTILITY RATE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | CHILD NUTRITION | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Research Methodology | Mortality | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nutrition | Health
Document Number: 328154

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Peer Reviewed

Title: Direct data capture using hand-held computers in rural Burkina Faso: Experiences, benefits and lessons learnt.
Author: Byass P; Hounton S; Ouedraogo M; Some H; Diallo I
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2008 Jul;13 Suppl 1:25-30.
Abstract: The objectives were to assess our experiences of using hand-held computers (personal digital assistants, PDAs) for direct data capture in a large community-based geo-referenced survey in rural Burkina Faso, highlighting benefits and lessons learnt from their use. A population-based geo-referenced survey of over 500 000 people was undertaken using PDAs with in-built GPS receivers and the resulting database analysed in terms of successful completion, error rates and interview durations. Surveys were successfully completed for 84 861 households (98.3%) by 127 interviewers. The data input error rate was assessed at 0.24%, with more than half of the errors being made by less than 10% of the interviewers. Faster interviewers were not less accurate. Time-stamped and geo-referenced data allowed reconstruction of particular interviewer-day activities. Although the survey setting was challenging, the feasibility of using direct data capture on a large scale was well established. We learnt that, with more experience, we could have made better use of real-time entry and quality control checking procedures. The work involved in designing and setting up a complex survey on PDAs prior to data collection should not be underestimated. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | INTERVIEWS | DATA COLLECTION | SURVEY METHODOLOGY | COMPUTERS | SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS | CENSUS METHODS | POPULATION STATISTICS | RURAL AREAS | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Information Processing | Information | Telecommunications | Broadcast Media | Mass Media | Communication | Census | Geographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 327427

Title: Population survey sampling methods in a rural African setting: Measuring mortality.
Author: Fottrell E; Byass P
Source: Population Health Metrics. 2008 May 20;6:2.
Abstract: Population-based sample surveys and sentinel surveillance methods are commonly used as substitutes for more widespread health and demographic monitoring and intervention studies in resource-poor settings. Such methods have been criticised as only being worthwhile if the results can be extrapolated to the surrounding 100-fold population. With an emphasis on measuring mortality, this study explores the extent to which choice of sampling method affects the representativeness of 1% sample data in relation to various demographic and health parameters in a rural, developing-country setting. Data from a large community based census and health survey conducted in rural Burkina Faso were used as a basis for modelling. Twenty 1% samples incorporating a range of health and demographic parameters were drawn at random from the overall dataset for each of seven different sampling procedures at two different levels of local administrative units. Each sample was compared with the overall "gold standard" survey results, thus enabling comparisons between the different sampling procedures. All sampling methods and parameters tested performed reasonably well in representing the overall population. Nevertheless, a degree of variation could be observed both between sampling approaches and between different parameters, relating to their overall distribution in the total population. Sample surveys are able to provide useful demographic and health profiles of local populations. However, various parameters being measured and their distribution within the sampling unit of interest may not all be best represented by a particular sampling method. It is likely therefore that compromises may have to be made in choosing a sampling strategy, with costs, logistics the intended use of the data being important considerations. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | SURVEYS | SAMPLING STUDIES | RURAL POPULATION | POPULATION STATISTICS | MORTALITY | DATA COLLECTION | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | MEASUREMENT | VALIDITY | RELIABILITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 326904

Peer Reviewed

Title: Knut Wicksell on the benefits of depopulation.
Author: Wicksell K
Source: Population and Development Review. 2008 Jun;34(2):347-355. Archives.
Abstract: The possible effects of declining population numbers on human societies have attracted increasing attention in recent years. This is hardly surprising. Despite continuing improvements in mortality, downward trends in fertility have yielded negative rates of natural increase in a growing number of countries. In the first half of the present decade, deaths were more numerous than births in every country in Eastern Europe. Current total fertility rates are below replacement level, sometimes by a wide margin, in the rest of Europe, as well as in East Asia, Northern America, Australia, and in some countries of Southeast Asia, West Asia, and Latin America. As their age distributions become less supportive of population growth, many countries in these regions will shrink in size unless natural decrease is offset by net immigration. But concern with potential population decline is far from novel. As early as 1890, Ars�ne Dumont's book, Depopulation et civilisation, addressed the issue as it pertained to France. In the years leading up to World War I, numerous commentaries by social scientists and politicians in Western countries were written on the nearing prospect of population decrease-seemingly foreshadowed by the then steadily falling birth rates. Most such accounts were gloomy. A short essay by Knut Wicksell, Can a country become underpopulated?, is a notable example of the smaller, optimistic subcategory of that literature. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE, WESTERN | CRITIQUE | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION DECREASE | MALTHUSIANISM | STANDARD OF LIVING | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FAMILY PLANNING | INHERITANCE | MOTIVATION | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Europe | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population Theory | Demography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility | Ownership | Socioeconomic Factors | Psychological Factors | Behavior
Document Number: 327377

7.
Title: UNICEF executive director appreciates Viet Nam's achievements on child protection.
Source: Vietnam Population News. 2007 Apr-Jun;(43):3-6.
Abstract: On 5 May 2007, Madame Le Thi Thu, Minister-Chair-woman of VCPFC, and heads of ministries and sectors warmly welcomed Ms. Ann M. Veneman, UNICEF's Executive Director. At the meeting, Madame Thu gave a brief on Viet Nam's achievements in child care, education and protection during the past few years and future work orientation. Children's living standards have been unceasingly improved, children's rights have been step by step met in terms of physical, intellectual, spiritual and morality. She hoped to receive the efficient support of UNICEF. Ms. Ann M. Veneman is impressed by Viet Nam's achievements. She said that UNICEF would have focus to HIV/AIDS, childhood injury, and under-five underweight. She recommended Viet Nam to pay more attention to causes of those issues, especially setting up databases and provide data/indicators that can be compared with other countries in the region. During her visit, Ms. Ann M. Veneman also met with Government officials to discuss about related matters. She said Viet Nam is likely to be one of the countries to reach the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets, with some of these targets ahead of 2015. Despite the significant progress achieved, there remain challenges, such as disparity between the rich and poor, impacts of HIV on children and protecting children from injury and harm. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
VIETNAM | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | POPULATION STATISTICS | CHILDREN | POPULATION | UNICEF | CHILD SURVIVAL | CHILD CARE | STANDARD OF LIVING | CHILD HEALTH | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | AGE DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Child Rearing | Behavior | Economic Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning
Document Number: 308829

Title: The future population of India. A long-range demographic view.
Author: Population Foundation of India; Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: New Delhi, India, Population Foundation of India, 2007 Aug. 15 p.
Abstract: India's population passed the one billion mark in 2000 and, this year, celebrated its 60th year as an independent country. Its population is likely to pass China's as the world's largest within 20 years. All of this leads quite naturally to the question: how large might the population of the world's largest democracy become? This is the question that the Population Foundation of India and its partner, the Population Reference Bureau, have addressed to project India's population for the long term. In this publication, two scenarios of India's future population are offered. Both assume that fertility will decline continuously to the point where couples average two children each, the goal of India's National Population Policy 2000. The scenarios differ in one respect: one assumes that states with higher current fertility will decline to the "replacement level" of 2.1 children, a common assumption in projections. The second assumes that the decline will continue to 1.85 children, near the level observed in states such as Kerala. The first scenario results in an India of two billion population while the second falls short of that mark and results in eventual population decline. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION PROJECTION | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | MIGRATION | MORTALITY | POPULATION GROWTH | LIFE EXPECTANCY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Geographic Factors | Research Methodology | Estimation Techniques | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Length of Life
Document Number: 320374

Title: 2007 world population data sheet.
Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Washington, D.C., PRB, 2007. 15 p.
Abstract: Much press has been given to the increase in immigration in the industrialized world-most of which has come from developing countries. The United States and Canada, for example, both have long traditions of immigration, while many countries in western Europe have seen the influx of migrants from both former colonies in Asia and Africa (to the Netherlands) and eastern Europe (to Ireland). Less well known, however, is that several countries in the developing world have seen a rise in their foreign-born populations. Costa Rica, for example, has long attracted refugees escaping civil strife in nearby countries, and more recently has been a destination for Nicaraguans and Panamanians seeking seasonal work. Botswana provides another case in point, as it has attracted both refugees and economic migrants from its neighbors in southern Africa. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | ANNUAL REPORT | SUMMARY REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | POPULATION | INEQUALITIES | INCOME | FERTILITY DECLINE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | URBANIZATION | NUTRITION | Research Methodology | Comparative Studies | Studies | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Socioeconomic Status | Urban Population Distribution | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Health
Document Number: 319707

10.

Title: World population highlights: key findings from PRB's 2007 World Population Data Sheet.
Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Population Bulletin. 2007 Sep;62(3):1-12.
Abstract: We entered the 20th century with a population of 1.6 billion people. We entered the 21st century with 6.1 billion people. And in 2007, world population is 6.6 billion. The increase in the size of the human population in the last half-century is unprecedented. And nearly all of the growth is occurring in the less developed countries. Currently, 80 million people are being added every year in less developed countries, compared with about 1.6 million in more developed countries. While the less developed countries will keep growing, the more developed countries may grow slowly or not at all. Population change is linked to economic development, education, the environment, the status of women, epidemics and other health threats, and access to family planning information and services. All of these factors interact with every facet of our lives, regardless of where we live. It is remarkable that, despite many new developments over the past 50 years, one fact looks very much the same: Populations are growing most rapidly where such growth can be afforded the least. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | SUMMARY REPORT | ANNUAL REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION GROWTH | HEALTH STATUS INDEXES | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | MALNUTRITION | ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION | HIV INFECTIONS | MIGRATION | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Health | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Nutrition Disorders | Diseases | Environment | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 319696

11.

Title: World population prospects: the 2006 revision. Highlights.
Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2007. [118] p. (ESA/P/WP.202)
Abstract: The 2006 Revision is the twentieth round of official United Nations population estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. These are used throughout the United Nations system as the basis for activities requiring population information. The 2006 Revision builds on the 2004 Revision and incorporates both the results of the 2000 round of national population censuses and of recent specialized surveys carried around the world. These sources provide both demographic and other information to assess the progress made in achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The comprehensive review of past worldwide demographic trends and future prospects presented in the 2006 Revision provides the population basis for the assessment of those goals. According to the 2006 Revision, the world population will likely increase by 2.5 billion over the next 43years, passing from the current 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion in 2050. This increase is equivalent to the size the world population had in 1950 and it will be absorbed mostly by the less developed regions, whose population is projected to rise from 5.4 billion in 2007 to 7.9 billion in 2050. In contrast, the population of the more developed regions is expected to remain largely unchanged at 1.2 billion and would have declined were it not for the projected net migration from developing to developed countries, which is expected to average 2.3 million persons annually. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | UN | POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | MORTALITY DECLINE | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | POPULATION PROJECTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | FERTILITY | Research Methodology | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Estimation Techniques | Age Distribution | Age Factors | Demographic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 316765

12.
Title: Demographic statistics in India: Why shall we take the electoral roll seriously?
Author: Bhattacharya K; Das A; Mitra A
Source: Demography India. 2007 Jan-Jun;36(1):155-167.
Abstract: This paper suggests an innovative approach to collection of demographic statistics in India that could dramatically improve the situation, culminating in an on-line register based approach to collection of demographic statistics. The author argues that with a little innovation, the electoral roll (ER) prepared by the Election Commission (EC) in India could be extended into an online population database (OPD). Proper documentation of changes in the records of this database over time would then be an invaluable source to estimate demographic measures, as well as to study other socio-economic phenomena like migration. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION STATISTICS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | DATA COLLECTION | POPULATION | VOTING | DEMOGRAPHY | STATISTICS | DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL | INTERNET | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Research Methodology | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Sciences | Science | Information Processing | Information | Information Networks | Communication | Economic Factors
Document Number: 324150

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: New techniques in small area population estimates by demographic characteristics.
Author: Cai Q
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Apr;26(2):203-218.
Abstract: The increasing demand for small area population estimates calls for both innovative ways of using existing data and new techniques suitable for small area estimates. This paper explores the methods for population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin at the census tract level for Multnomah County, Oregon. New techniques include employing building permits to indirectly estimate migration and examining the changes in age/sex structure using the American Community Survey (ACS). A practical method for bridging the race categories is also developed. Finally, the paper discusses some reflections on small area estimates and the potentials of using ACS to track the changes of the demographic characteristics for the sub-county level. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OREGON | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | CENSUS | POPULATION STATISTICS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology
Document Number: 316687

14.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Net cohort migration in England and Wales: How past birth trends may influence net migration.
Author: Dorling D; Rigby JE
Source: Population Review. 2007;46(2):51-62.
Abstract: An established role for statistical social science is to try to uncover the extent to which aggregate behaviour is conditioned by context as exemplified by the work of Durkheim. A decade prior to Durkheim's seminal work, eleven 'laws' of human migratory behaviour were proposed by Ravenstein. In this paper we suggest an extension to this work, that: migration balances the relative worth of people to places over the course of human lifetimes; not in days, month or years: people follow the tides of life. We explore the concept of net cohort migration to demonstrate this for England and Wales, for which long-term quality datasets are available. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED KINGDOM | WALES | SWEDEN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | COHORT ANALYSIS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | MIGRANTS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | BIRTH RATE | HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION SIZE | Developed Countries | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Europe, Northern | Research Methodology | Studies | Migration | Demographic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Demography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 324756

15.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The strange history and problematic future of the Australian census.
Author: Hull TH
Source: Journal of Population Research. 2007 May;24(1):1-22.
Abstract: When looking back into the first century of Australian history following white settlement we often rely on the records of musters, listings and censuses to provide information on individuals and communities. The first census of New South Wales in 1828 was little more than a directory of names of settlers and settlements, but both professional historians and genealogists regard it as invaluable. As the scientific principles of censuses were developed over the course of the nineteenth century the information collected became ever more important for social scientists and economists. In the twentieth century, professional historians in the UK and USA opened wholly new perspectives on society by looking to the census for records of common families who were not recorded in the newspapers or diaries of the time, and the community structures in which they lived. Unfortunately such innovations have not been possible in Australia. The individual records of most colonial and all Commonwealth censuses are notto be found in the libraries or archives. The destruction of original census records in Australia has been the result of misadventure and government policies reflecting great fear about the impact of popular privacy concerns on public compliance with the census operations. This paper explores the history behind the anomalous practice of destroying census records in Australia, and poses questions about the role of the census in the writing of histories of Australian people and Australian communities. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
AUSTRALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | CENSUS | EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS | FAMILY RESEARCH | POPULATION STATISTICS | GENEALOGIES | GOVERNMENT | ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION | Developed Countries | Oceania | Research Methodology | Demographic Analysis | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Political Factors
Document Number: 323893

16.

Title: State abortion and nonmarital birthrates in the post welfare reform era: The impact of economic incentives on reproductive behaviors of teenage and adult women.
Author: Kelly K; Grant L
Source: Gender and Society. 2007;21(6):878-904.
Abstract: The impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, or welfare reform) on the economic circumstances of women and children has received substantial research attention, but provisions of the act that attempt to influence women's reproductive behaviors have been much less studied. Provisions of PRWORA encouraged states to intensify efforts to restrict access to abortion and to decrease rates of nonmarital births, particularly among teenagers. Using state-level data, this study analyzes the effects of state policies enacted in the wake of welfare reform, controlling for prior rates of abortion and unwed births. The authors find that economic-based incentives have only minor, and inconsistent, influence on statewide rates of abortion and nonmarital births in 2000. Results are consistent with feminist scholarship proposing that noneconomic considerations are more central in women's decision making about reproduction than economic factors. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | WOMEN | UNMARRIED | INCENTIVES | ABORTION RATE | BIRTH RATE | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | PUBLIC ASSISTANCE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | LEGISLATION | SOCIAL POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Government Financing | Financial Activities
Document Number: 323947 Notification

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The implications of long term community involvement for the production and circulation of population knowledge.
Author: Madhavan S; Collinson M; Townsend NW; Kahn K; Tollman SM
Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Nov 27;17(13):369-388.
Abstract: Demographic surveillance systems (DSS) depend on community acceptance and involvement to produce high quality longitudinal data. Ensuring community support also exposes power relations usually concealed in the research process. We discuss the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System in South Africa to argue that: 1) long-term presence and community involvement contribute to high response rates and data quality, 2) to maintain community support the project must demonstrate its usefulness, 3) reporting to community members provides valuable checks on the local relevance and comprehension of questions, and 4) community opinion can modify both wording and content of research questions. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | POPULATION STATISTICS | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | DATA QUALITY | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | COMMUNICATION | FIELD WORKERS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Studies | Data Analysis | Organization and Administration | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health
Document Number: 313983

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Stochastic forecast of the population of Poland, 2005 -- 2050.
Author: Matysiak A; Nowok B
Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Nov 20;17(11):301-338.
Abstract: Forecasting the population of Poland is very challenging. Firstly, the country has been undergoing rapid demographic changes. In the 1990s, they were influenced by the political, economic, and social consequences of the collapse of the communist regime. Since 2004 they have been shaped by Poland's entry into the European Union. Secondly, the availability of statistics for Poland on past trends is strongly limited. The resulting high uncertainty of future trends should be dealt with systematically, which is an essential part of the stochastic forecast presented in this paper. The forecast results show that with the probability of 81.8% the Polish population will decline during the next decades and Poland will face significant ageing as indicated by a rising old-age dependency-ratio. There is a probability of 50% that in 2050 the population will number between 25.7 and 36.5 million compared to 38.2 in 2004 and that there will be at least 64 persons aged 65+ per 100 persons aged 19-64. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
POLAND | EUROPEAN UNION | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION PROJECTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | POPULATION DECREASE | PROBABILITY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | DEATH RATE | LIFE EXPECTANCY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Research Methodology | Estimation Techniques | Demographic Factors | Statistical Studies | Studies | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Mortality | Length of Life | Migration
Document Number: 313972

19.

Title: Quantifying international migration: a database of bilateral migrant stocks.
Author: Parsons CR; Skeldon R; Walmsley TL; Winters LA
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2007 Mar. 41 p. (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4165)
Abstract: This paper introduces four versions of an international bilateral migration stock database for 226 by 226 countries and territories. The first three versions each consist of two matrices, the first containing migrants defined by country of birth, i.e. the foreign-born population, the second, by nationality, i.e. the foreign population. Wherever possible, the information is collected from the 2000 round of censuses, though older data are included where this information was unavailable. The first version of the matrices contains as much data as could be collated at the time of writing but also contains gaps. The later versions progressively employ a variety of techniques to estimate the missing data. The final matrix, comprising only the foreign-born, attempts to reconcile all of the available information to provide the researcher with a single and complete matrix of international bilateral migrant stocks. The final section of the paper describes some of the patterns evident in the database. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | CENSUS | MIGRATION | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | POPULATION STATISTICS | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 318655

20.

Title: The population of the world (2007).
Author: Pison G
Source: Population and Societies. 2007 Jul-Aug;(436):1-8.
Abstract: The data shown in the central data sheet concern all geopolitical entities with a population of 150,000 or more and a few others. Sovereign states are listed along with non-sovereign territories, including France's overseas d�partements. Countries and territorial entities are listed following the United Nations' system of classification by continent and region. The demographic indicators are the same as those used in earlier editions: land area, mid-2007 population estimate, birth and death rates, population projection for 2025, infant mortality rate, total fertility rate, percentage of population under 15 and over 65, male and female life expectancy at birth, gross national income per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity (GNI PPP) in 2005, proportion of persons with HIV/AIDS among the adult population aged 15 to 49 at the end of 2005 (these figures include persons who are suffering from AIDS as well as those infected by the virus who are not yet ill). (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | TABLES AND CHARTS | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | POPULATION SIZE | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 319457

21.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Reductions in child mortality levels and inequalities in Thailand: analysis of two censuses.
Author: Vapattanawong P; Hogan MC; Hanvoravongchai P; Gakidou E; Vos T
Source: Lancet. 2007 Mar 10;369(9564):850-855.
Abstract: Thailand's progress in reducing the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) puts the country on track to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Whether this success has been accompanied by a widening or narrowing of the child mortality gap between the poorest and richest populations is unknown. We aimed to measure changes in child-mortality inequalities by household-level socioeconomic strata of the Thai population between 1990 and 2000. We measured changes in the distribution of the U5MR by economic strata using data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses. Economic status was measured using household assets and characteristics. The U5MR was estimated using the Trussell version of the Brass indirect method. Average household economic status improved and inequalities declined between the two censuses. There were substantially larger reductions in U5MR in the poorer segments of the population. Excess child mortality risk between the poorest and richest quintile decreased by 55% (95% CI 39% to 68%).The concentration index, measured using percentiles of economic status, in 1990 was -0.20 (-0.23 to -0.18), whereas in 2000 it had dropped to -0.12 (-0.15 to -0.08), a 43% (22% to 63%) reduction. These findings draw attention to the feasibility of incorporating equity measurement into census data. Thailand has achieved both an impressive average decrease in U5MR and substantial reductions in U5MR inequality over a 10 year period. Contributing factors include overall economic growth and poverty reduction, improved insurance coverage, and a scaling-up and more equitable distribution of primary health-care infrastructure and intervention coverage. Understanding the factors that have led to Thailand's success could help inform countries struggling to meet the fourth MDG and reduce inequality. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | STATISTICAL STUDIES | CENSUS | POVERTY | HEALTH INSURANCE | CHILD MORTALITY | FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Studies | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 314477

22.

Title: Population aging in Sub-Saharan Africa: demographic dimensions 2006.
Author: Velkoff VA; Kowal PR
Source: Washington, D.C., United States Government Printing Office, 2007 Jun. [46] p. (International Population Reports P95/07-1)
Abstract: Although the older population makes up a small proportion of the population in most Sub-Saharan African countries, the absolute number of older people is growing. In 2006, 35 million people were aged 60 and older in Sub-Saharan Africa, and this number is projected to increase to over 69 million by 2030. In fact, the sheer number of older people is growing more rapidly in Sub-Saharan Africa than in the developed world. This increase in the number of older people will occur despite the excess mortality due to HIV/AIDS that many Sub-Saharan African countries are currently experiencing. This report focuses primarily on the demographic aspects of aging in Sub-Saharan African countries, with a special section examining the impact of HIV/AIDS on population aging. Older people in Africa are a particularly vulnerable social group, and they have been made more vulnerable because of the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is affecting many of these countries. This report examines the populations aged 50 and over, 60 and over, and 80 and over. The cultural definition of "old" differs greatly between and within countries. Attaching a chronological age to "old" often serves practical or official purposes, and looking at these three age groupings will help to compare and contrast the older populations. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | OLDER ADULTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | LIFE EXPECTANCY | POPULATION DYNAMICS | EXCESS MORTALITY | FERTILITY DECLINE | Developing Countries | Africa | Research Methodology | Adults | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Length of Life | Mortality | Fertility Changes | Fertility
Document Number: 324531

23.

Title: Sexual health statistics for teenagers and young adults in the United States.
Author: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Source: Menlo Park, California, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006 Sep. [2] p.
Abstract: Over the last decade, the share of all high school students who report ever having had sexual intercourse has declined. At the same time, sexually active adolescents and young adults are more likely than past generations to use contraceptives - including condoms. Both factors help explain the decrease in unintended pregnancy rates among teens and young women in recent years. Yet, despite these trends, over 400,000 infants are born to girls under the age of 20 each year, and an estimated half of all sexually active youth will contract a sexually transmitted disease by age 25. Fewer than half of all high school students report having had sexual intercourse, declining from 53% in 1995 to 47% in 2005. Males are slightly more likely than females to report having had sex. African American high school students are more likely to have had intercourse (68%) than Whites (43%) or Latinos (51%).3 The median age at first intercourse is 16.9 years for boys and 17.4 years for girls. There are differences in age of initiation by race and ethnicity, with 27% of African American high school boys, 11% of Latino boys and 5% of White boys initiating sex before age 13. Over half of males (55%) and females (54%) ages 15 to 19 report having had oral sex with someone of the opposite sex. Approximately one in 10 (11%) males and females ages 15 to 19 had engaged in anal sex with someone of the opposite sex; 3% of males ages 15 to 19 have had anal sex with a male. Approximately nine out of 10 men (89%) and women (92%) ages 22 to 24 have had sexual intercourse. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | ADOLESCENTS | YOUTH | SEXUAL PARTNERS | ETHNIC GROUPS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | SEX BEHAVIOR | DRUG USE AND ABUSE | VIOLENCE | PREGNANCY RATE | CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | HIV INFECTIONS | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Behavior | Cultural Background | Health | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Family Planning | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Viral Diseases
Document Number: 309882

24.

Title: 2006 world population data sheet.
Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Washington, D.C., PRB, 2006. 12 p.
Abstract: In many -- but not all -- countries, most married women wish to limit childbearing to two children. One very useful indicator of women's ability to limit their number of children -- and of the prospect for future fertility decline -- is their desire to cease childbearing. In Vietnam, 92 percent of women who had two living children said that they did not wish to have any more children. In Nigeria, by contrast, that figure was only 4 percent. In many parts of the world, rural populations still lack adequate sanitation. Worldwide, only 58 percent of the population has access to one of life's most fundamental needs: adequate or improved sanitation facilities. There are, however, wide regional and rural/urban disparities. In developing regions, only one-quarter to one-half of all rural residents have access to improved sanitation. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION | POPULATION SIZE | OVERPOPULATION | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | POVERTY | LIFE EXPECTANCY | Research Methodology | Natural Resources | Environment | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Carrying Capacity | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement | Migration | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Length of Life | Mortality
Document Number: 309820

25.

Title: State of world population 2006. A passage to hope: women and international migration.
Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: New York, New York, UNFPA, 2006. [111] p.
Abstract: Today, women constitute almost half of all international migrants worldwide - 95 million. Yet, despite contributions to poverty reduction and struggling economies, it is only recently that the international community has begun to grasp the significance of what migrant women have to offer. And it is only recently that policymakers are acknowledging the particular challenges and risks women confront when venturing into new lands. Every year millions of women working millions of jobs overseas send hundreds of millions of dollars in remittance funds back to their homes and communities. These funds go to fill hungry bellies, clothe and educate children, provide health care and generally improve living standards for loved ones left behind. For host countries, the labour of migrant women is so embedded into the very fabric of society that it goes virtually unnoticed. Migrant women toil in the households of working families, soothe the sick and comfort the elderly. They contribute their technical and professional expertise, pay taxes and quietly support a quality of life that many take for granted. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | MIGRANTS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | REFUGEES | POLICYMAKERS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | UNFPA | WOMEN'S HEALTH | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | TREATIES | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | MIGRATION POLICY | Research Methodology | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Policy | Population Policy | Social Policy
Document Number: 321266

26.

Title: A Bayesian approach to combining population and survey data for male fertility estimation.
Author: Admiraal R; Handcock MS; Joyner K; Peters HE; Rendall MS
Source: [Unpublished] 2006. Presented at the Population Association of America, 2006 Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, March 30 - April 1, 2006. 6 p.
Abstract: The close connection among family formation, childrearing, the acquisition of education, and labor market decisions for women has long been recognized. With the recent focus in the policy and research communities on the role of fathers in families, understanding the tradeoffs and complementarities between family life and market work takes on a central role in analyzing the transition to adulthood for men as well. Because both labor market opportunities (e.g., declining wages for low skilled men) and family processes (e.g., increases in non-marital births and absent fathering) have undergone major changes in recent decades, it is even more critical to understand the factors that affect the transition to fatherhood. Among the questions that may be addressed with survey data are: What is the relationship between the transition to biological fatherhood and other transitions to adulthood, such as marriage, educational completion, and entry into the workforce? What are the social, economic, policy, relationship and individual factors associated with men fathering further children after they have already become fathers, and what factors lead men to have additional births with more than one partner? While survey data are needed for quantitative assessment of these socio-economic questions, data quality is a concern. Not only are survey data on male fertility worse for men than for women. Population-level data, especially for non-marital births, are also available in less detail for men, and often for low degrees of completeness. This makes the benchmarking of survey estimates against population data a further challenge. Nevertheless, because of the known problems with men's fertility reports in survey data, it may be even more important in the case of men's fertility than women's to use what data are available from population sources. To do so, we will experiment with different statistical methods that successively relax assumptions about the accuracy of the population and survey data. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | SUMMARY REPORT | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH | VALIDITY | POPULATION STATISTICS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | MEN | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | Research Methodology | Measurement | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 316754

27.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Missing girls: Evidence from some North Indian states.
Author: Bhat RL; Sharma N
Source: Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 2006 Sep-Dec;13(3):351-374.
Abstract: A study of the declining sex ratio in India particularly in the 0 to 6 age group raises one very pertinent question: Where have all the girls gone? The phenomenon has become particularly disturbing in some northern states of India. It appears that the growth in incomes and education of women, variables that would grant women an equal status in society, have actually worked in a reverse direction in states like Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Discrimination against females is engineered even before birth through female foeticide. It seems that education and incomes, which were supposed to result in the emancipation of women, have actually increased, not lowered, the bias in favour of the male child. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CASE STUDIES | POPULATION STATISTICS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | CHILD, FEMALE | SEX RATIO | SEX PREFERENCE | ABORTION | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | INFANTICIDE | AGE DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Socioeconomic Status | Crime | Social Problems | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 308225 Notification

28.

29.

Title: An economic history of fertility in the U.S., 1826-1960.
Author: Jones LE; Tertilt M
Source: Cambridge, Massachusetts, National Bureau of Economic Research [NBER], 2006 Dec. [79] p. (NBER Working Paper No. 12796)
Abstract: In this paper, we use data from the US census to document the history of the relationship between fertility choice and key economic indicators at the individual level for women born between 1826 and 1960. We find that this data suggests several new facts that should be useful for researchers trying to model fertility. (1) The reduction in fertility known as the Demographic Transition (or the Fertility Transition) seems to be much sharper based on cohort fertility measures compared to usual measures like Total Fertility Rate; (2) The baby boom was not quite as large as is suggested by some previous work; (3) We find a strong negative relationship between income and fertility for all cohorts and estimate an overall income elasticity of about -0.38 for the period; (4) We also find systematic deviations from a time invariant, isoelastic, relationship between income and fertility. The most interesting of these is an increase in the income elasticity of demand for children for the 1876-1880 to 1906-1910birth cohorts. This implies an increased spread in fertility by income which was followed by a dramatic compression. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | HISTORICAL REVIEW | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | POPULATION STATISTICS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | COHORT ANALYSIS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | WOMEN | FERTILITY | MACROECONOMIC FACTORS | CENSUS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | INCOME | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Theoretical Models | Studies | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 319702

30.

Peer Reviewed

Title: The institutionalization and pace of fertility in American stepfamilies.
Author: Li JC
Source: Demographic Research. 2006 Mar 28;14(12):237-266.
Abstract: This paper compares nonparametric fertility rates for American women in stepfamilies and intact families using data from the June 1995 Current Population Survey. Results show that childbearing behaviors in stepfamilies resemble those in intact families. Regardless of stepfamily status, timings and levels of fertility for second and third marital births are identical for all women at the same lifetime parity. Fertility patterns are also similar for all first marital births, with the exception of a constant three-year difference in the pace of fertility and a "fertility penalty" for stepfamily women. These findings are consistent with (1) the institutionalization hypothesis of stepfamily processes; (2) the hypothesis that lifetime parity is the primary determinant of female fertility; and (3) a speculation that women in stepfamilies attempt to catch up on lost fertility outside of marriage. These findings also imply that increasing prevalence of stepfamilies will not lead to increased completed fertility. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | STEPPARENTS | WOMEN | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | FERTILITY RATE | CENSUS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | PARITY | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Research Methodology | Studies | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 298920


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