1.  Title: Voluntary population planning activities -- supplemental requirements (January 2009) [letter] Author: United States. Agency for International Development [USAID]. Bureau for Management. Office of Acquisition and Assistance Source: Washington, D.C., USAID, Bureau for Management, Office of Acquisition and Assistance, 2009 Jan 26. [5] p. Abstract: The purpose of this letter is to amend the Standard provisions of all grants and cooperative agreements involving any aspect of voluntary population planning activities and which contain the provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (May 2006). This provision is deleted and replaced by the new provision VOLUNTARY POPULATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES - SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS (January 2009) which removes the conditions relating to the Mexico City Policy that were set forth in the May 2006 version of the provision. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | USAID | STANDARDIZATION | GRANTS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | INCENTIVES | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS | ABORTION LAW | STERILIZATION, SEXUAL | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Data Adjustment | Research Methodology | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Contraception | Fertility Control, Postconception Document Number: 331346 Notification |
2.  Peer Reviewed Title: Second-trimester abortions and sex-selection of children in Hanoi, Vietnam. Author: Belanger D; Oanh KT Source: Population Studies. 2009 Jul;63(2):163-71. Abstract: Because sex-selective abortions are generally conducted during the second term of the pregnancy, timing of abortion can be used as an indirect way of studying sex-selection by abortion. We examined the likelihood of having a first-trimester vs. second-trimester abortion among a group of 885 married women who had an abortion in an obstetric hospital in Hanoi in 2003. In the absence of sex-selection by abortion, the number and sex of living children should not affect the timing of abortion. Results indicate that women with more children, particularly those with more daughters or without a son, were more likely to undergo a second-term abortion than a first-term abortion. We estimate that, in 2003, 2 per cent of all abortions to women with at least one living child were intended to avoid the birth of a female. Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | URBAN AREAS | RESEARCH REPORT | ABORTION | CURRENTLY MARRIED | SONS | PREGNANCY, FIRST TRIMESTER | PREGNANCY, SECOND TRIMESTER | SEX PRESELECTION | SEX PREFERENCE | SEX RATIO | POPULATION POLICY | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Geographic Factors | Population | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Reproductive Technologies | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 342945 Notification |
| 3. Title: Mexico City Policy and assistance for voluntary population planning [memorandum] Author: Obama BH Source: Washington, D.C., White House, 2009 Jan 23. [2] p. Abstract: Memorandum for the Secretary of State and the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development with appended statement of President Barack Obama on rescinding the Mexico City policy, including the following: "It is clear that the provisions of the Mexico City Policy are unnecessarily broad and unwarranted under current law, and for the past eight years, they have undermined efforts to promote safe and effective voluntary family planning in developing countries. For these reasons, it is right for us to rescind this policy and restore critical efforts to protect and empower women and promote global economic development.", The White House, Office of the Press Secretary (23 Jan 2009). White House press statement appended 31 Mar 2009. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | GOVERNMENT AGENCIES | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | ABORTION LAW | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FOREIGN AID | USAID | GRANTS | STANDARDS | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Research Methodology Document Number: 331358 Notification |
| 4. Title: Making the case for U.S. international family planning assistance. Author: Speidel JJ; Sinding S; Gillespie D; Maguire E; Neuse M Source: [Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Ipas], 2009 Jan. 15 p. (Report) Abstract: This report documents the urgent need for greater U.S. assistance to family planning programs in the developing world and recommends targeted investment in such programs, primarily through the U.S. Agency for International Development. Five former directors of the Population and Reproductive Health Program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) issue a call for renewed U.S. political and financial commitment to international family planning programs. USAID has been the largest donor to international population and family planning efforts and a transformative source of leadership and innovation in the field. Its professional staff and technical resources are unparalleled among donor agencies. However, its funding peaked in 1995 and has declined in real terms ever since, even as the worldwide demand for family planning and other reproductive health services has grown. As a result, many successful programs in developing countries have stagnated and global fertility decline has slowed. At the beginning of a new administration and a new Congress, it is time to reverse the decline in U.S. political and financial commitment to this field of signature U.S. leadership and accomplishment, to satisfy the unmet need for services, and to improve women's reproductive health worldwide. We estimate that USAID's population budget should be increased to $1.2 billion. (Excerpts) Language: English Keywords: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION REPORT | EVALUATION | POLICYMAKERS | FAMILY PLANNING | FOREIGN AID | USAID | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | GOVERNMENT FINANCING | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Programs Document Number: 331360 |
| 5. Title: Gender snapshot. UNFPA programming at work. Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA] Source: New York, New York, UNFPA, Technical Division, Gender, Human Rights and Culture Branch, 2008. 27 p. Abstract: This booklet provides a snapshot of UNFPA's programming efforts to advance gender equality and empower women. It reports on activities undertaken in various priority areas like empowerment, reproductive health, youth and adolescent, conflict and emergency situations, etc. The report is based on contributions from the global, regional and country levels over the course of two years (2007-2008). Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | UNFPA | GENDER ISSUES | POPULATION POLICY | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | WOMEN'S RIGHTS | CULTURE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN | WAR | MEN'S INVOLVEMENT | Economic Development | Economic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Human Rights | Health | Domestic Violence | Crime | Social Problems | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331354 |
| 6. Peer Reviewed Title: Population policy implementation in Nigeria, 1988-2003. Author: Adegbola O Source: Population Review. 2008;47(1):[48] p. Abstract: The first Nigerian Population Policy was written in 1988 to reduce population growth as a collaboration between the Federal Ministry of Health and the World Bank. Whether this policy was successful is in contention. Some schools of thought argue that it was unsuccessful due to cultural, religious and financial factors in play. However, a positive demographic change was noticed statistically after the policy was implemented. Achievement of policy goals was limited due to flaws in the implementation strategy adopted for the National Population Program as well as due to a cultural aversion to family planning in Northern Nigeria, among other factors. The success of the policy was greatest in Southern Nigeria where social advancement also played an integral role. This paper shows that the attitudes towards population growth differ between these two very important regions of one country. This paper also addresses, in great detail, the obstacles to the implementation of the 1988 policy, and analyzes why the policy was successful in a part of the country, but not in another. With a new Population Policy having been implemented in 2006, identifying the problems of the 1988 program implementation has limited value unless the learned lessons result in a greater determination by the upper echelons of government, the bureaucracy and the political class in the nation to reprogram efforts for the future. While the Federal Government has recently instituted reform agenda that cover economic, social and administrative reforms, the population sector, together with the political governance that will address the role of population size in allocation of resources and power, needs to be included in the reform agenda. (author's) Language: English Keywords: NIGERIA | CRITIQUE | POPULATION POLICY | GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS | POPULATION GROWTH | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | IMPLEMENTATION | OBSTACLES | FAMILY PLANNING | ATTITUDES | FERTILITY CHANGES | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Planning | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Fertility Document Number: 327571 |
| 7. Title: Research subsidies, population control policies, and growth. Author: Alexandrakis C Source: Review of Development Economics. 2008 Feb;12(1):106-123. Abstract: Several R&D-based growth models without scale effects claim that subsidies to R&D are not conductive for economic growth while a faster growing population is. Yet, in an effort to maintain high growth rates, most OECD countries continue to subsidize R&D, while several developing countries are trying to control the size of their population. Are these countries misguided? This study introduces an R&D-based growth model that is characterized by complementarities between technology and human capital. The model is free of scale effects and consistent with the above-mentioned policies. By applying the model to US data the study uncovers a possible explanation for the productivity slowdown. (author's) Language: English Keywords: DEVELOPED COUNTRIES | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | POPULATION | POLICYMAKERS | POPULATION CONTROL | POPULATION POLICY | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION GROWTH | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | GRANTS | TECHNOLOGY | HUMAN CAPITAL | PRODUCTIVITY | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Financial Activities | Human Resources Document Number: 324779 |
| 8. Peer Reviewed Title: Demography, culture, and policy: Understanding Japan's low fertility. Author: Boling P Source: Population and Development Review. 2008 Jun;34(2):307-326. Abstract: Insights into the causes of Japan's prolonged and sharp fall in total fertility rate come from comparing Japan with France. The two countries share dirigiste administrative approaches, family policy reform undertaken under the auspices of pragmatic right wing parties and justified on pronatalist grounds, and involvement of demographic experts in crafting and shepherding such policies. But the countries differ with respect to their total fertility rates (France 1.98, Japan 1.29) and the effectiveness of their family policies. Thus comparing them can help identify areas of divergence that might explain these differences and assist in the project of theory building. Several salient explanations are rooted in Japan's labor market: it exacts high opportunity costs from parents who interrupt their careers to raise children, keeps ideal workers from having much time for their families, assumes and reinforces a traditional gender ideology, and hires few young workers into good jobs. (author's) Language: English Keywords: JAPAN | FRANCE | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | FERTILITY DECLINE | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | FAMILY POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | LABOR FORCE | GENDER ISSUES | PRONATALIST POLICY | POLITICAL SYSTEMS | FAMILY ALLOWANCES | CHILD CARE | FEMALE ROLE | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Child Rearing | Behavior | Social Behavior Document Number: 327375 |
| 9. Peer Reviewed Title: Three fertility compromises and two transitions. Author: Caldwell JC Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2008 Aug;27(4):427-446. Abstract: Demographers and those concerned with population policy are increasingly focusing on the steep fertility declines that occurred in developed countries from the 1960s and the consequent widespread below-replacement fertility levels. The decline has been termed the Second Demographic Transition. This paper argues that the recent demographic change can best be understood and analyzed if we broaden the concept to include the first demographic transition, and the three demographically more settled periods preceding, separating, and following the two fertility transitions. These more settled periods or "compromises" are examined to ascertain their nature and so to help predict the likely developments in the present or third compromise. It is argued that the third compromise has now extended for 20 years with little movement in fertility rates or other socioeconomic behavior which has been said to be associated with the second transition, and that this provides sufficient evidence for analysis. The approach has two key aspects. First, it is confined in Europe to countries that distinctly experienced the full five demographic periods, namely northwestern and central Europe. Second, the analysis gains strength by including non-European countries that progressed through all five stages, namely the English-speaking countries of overseas European settlement: USA, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Language: English Keywords: NEW ZEALAND | AUSTRALIA | UNITED KINGDOM | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | BELOW REPLACEMENT FERTILITY | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION THEORY | Developed Countries | Oceania | Europe, Western | Europe | North America | Americas | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Decrease | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Demography | Social Sciences | Science Document Number: 327927 |
| 10. Title: Fatal misconception: the struggle to control world population. Author: Connelly M Source: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Belknap Press, 2008. xiv, 521 p. Abstract: Rather than a conspiracy theory, this book presents a cautionary tale. It is a story about the future, and not just the past. It therefore takes the form of a narrative unfolding over time, including very recent times. It describes the rise of a movement that sought to remake humanity, the reaction of those who fought to preserve patriarchy, and the victory won for the reproductive rights of both women and men -- a victory, alas, Pyrrhic and incomplete, after so many compromises, and too many sacrifices. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | HISTORICAL REVIEW | LITERATURE REVIEW | CRITIQUE | POPULATION CONTROL | FAMILY PLANNING | INTERVENTIONS | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FOREIGN AID | INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration | Health | Human Rights | Financial Activities | Economic Factors | Organizations Document Number: 328182 |
| 11. Title: Achieving Uttar Pradesh’s population policy goals through demand-based family planning programs: taking stock at the mid-point. Author: Feranil I; Borda M Source: Washington, D.C., Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, Futures Group International, 2008. :vii, 17 p.. (USAID Contract No. GPO-I-01-05-00040-00) Abstract: This report describes progress in achieving the goals of the Uttar Pradesh (UP) Population Policy adopted in 2000, the implications of alternative fertility and mortality trends during the next decade, and strategies and program initiatives recommended by national and state policymakers and other experts. To assess progress in implementing the UP Population Policy and to show how fertility trends would affect maternal and child health and socioeconomic development, the USAID | Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, analyzed data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in 2005-06. The project conducted the analysis using the FamPlan, DemProj, and RAPID models within Spectrum, a modeling system that uses computer software to generate projections and estimates showing the results of policy alternatives. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | PROGRESS REPORT | HEALTH SURVEYS | MATHEMATICAL MODEL | DATA ANALYSIS | USAID | GOALS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM EVALUATION | POPULATION PROJECTION | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION | CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY | POSTPARTUM PROGRAMS | COMMUNICATION STRATEGY | DATA QUALITY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Health | Theoretical Models | Research Methodology | Government Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Planning | Organization and Administration | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Programs | Family Planning | Estimation Techniques | Contraception | Communication Document Number: 308942 |
| 12. Peer Reviewed Title: Overview Chapter 5: Determinants of family formation and childbearing during the societal transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Author: Frejka T Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(7):139-170. Abstract: Societal conditions for early and high rates of childbearing were replaced by conditions generating late and low levels of fertility common in Western countries. Central among factors shaping the latter behaviour (job insecurity, unstable partnership relationships, expensive housing, and profound changes in norms, values and attitudes) were the following: increasing proportions of young people were acquiring advanced education, a majority of women were gainfully employed, yet women were performing most household maintenance and childrearing duties. Two theories prevailed to explain what caused changes in family formation and fertility trends. One argues that the economic and social crises were the principal causes. The other considered the diffusion of western norms, values and attitudes as the prime factors of change. Neither reveals the root cause: the replacement of state socialist regimes with economic and political institutions of contemporary capitalism. The extraordinarily low period TFRs around 2000 were the result of low fertility of older women born around 1960 overlapping with low fertility of young women born during the 1970s. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | RESEARCH REPORT | FAMILY SIZE | FERTILITY DECLINE | TOTAL FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | SOCIAL CHANGE | FEMALE ROLE | ECONOMIC FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | SOCIAL POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | Developed Countries | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Reproductive Behavior | Social Behavior | Behavior | Policy Document Number: 327717 |
| 13. Peer Reviewed Title: Dramatic fertility transition in Mongolia and its determinants: the demise of the pronatalist state. Author: Gereltuya A Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. Aug;23(2):81-99. Abstract: The move from a centrally controlled economy to a market-driven economy has had strong political implications for family planning and fertility in Mongolia. Under socialist rule, Mongolia had a strong pronatalist population policy under which those families having children were provided with generous benefits. The changes made to these policies have had a considerable impact on fertility and family formation in Mongolia. In the mid-1970s, the country started to experience a dramatic decrease in the level of fertility, which intensified when the country moved towards a market economy. The country experienced a drop in its total fertility rate (TFR) from 7.2 children per woman (of reproductive age) in 1975 to about 3 children in 1995, and it has remained constant at about 2.3 children since that time. Relatively few studies have been carried out on fertility changes in Mongolia with explanations about their causes, primarily owing to a lack of data sources. The aim of this paper is to examine fertility changes in Mongolia with respect to the changes in population policies and changes in the proximate determinants of fertility that have occurred since the mid-1970s. Language: English Keywords: MONGOLIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION POLICY | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION LAW | FERTILITY RATE | FERTILITY DECLINE | Developing Countries | Asia, Northern | Asia | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Fertility Changes Document Number: 331309 Notification |
| 14. Peer Reviewed Title: Men gone wild? The politics of population control. [Book review of "Fatal MisConception: The Struggle to Control World Population" by Matthew Connelly]. Author: Gillespie D Source: Lancet. 2008 Aug 2;372:363-364. Abstract: Matthew Connelly considers his book the first "global history of population control", which, at various times and places, encompasses eugenics, infanticide, pronatalist schemes, restrictive immigration policies, genocide, and family planning. His archival research exhaustively spans the late 1800s through to the mid-1980s, after which his research becomes a bit thin. He includes a numbing number of cameo appearances by the famous, the infamous, and the unknown. Although an occasional nugget of interest can be found in the first part of the book, most readers will find Connelly's attention to minutiae a powerful narcotic. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: GLOBAL | CRITIQUE | POPULATION CONTROL | POPULATION POLICY | POLITICAL FACTORS | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE HISTORY | USAID | Social Policy | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Contraceptive Usage | Contraception | Government Agencies | Organizations Document Number: 327942 |
| 15. Peer Reviewed Title: Albania: Trends and patterns, proximate determinants and policies of fertility change. Author: Gjonca A; Aassve A; Mencarini L Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(11):261-292. Special Collection 7: Childbearing Trends and Policies in Europe. Abstract: For a very long time, Albania has had one of the highest levels of fertility in Europe: in 2002 the total fertility rate of 2.2 children per woman was the highest in Europe. Although this current level is high, the country has experienced a rapid fertility reduction during the last 50 years: a TFR decline from 7 to 2.2. This reduction has occurred in the absence of modern contraception and abortion, which indicates the significance of investments in the social agenda during the communist regime that produced policies with indirect effects on fertility. Most significant of these were policies focused on education, in particular on female education. Social and demographic settings for a further fertility reduction in Albania have been present since 1990. Contraception and abortion have been legalized and available since the early 1990s, but knowledge of their use is still not widespread in the country, largely due to the interplay between traditional and modern norms of Albanian society. This chapter points out that future fertility levels will be determined not only by new policies that might be introduced, but predominantly by the balance of this interplay. (author's) Language: English Keywords: ALBANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SURVEYS | FERTILITY DECLINE | FERTILITY CHANGES | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | INTERMEDIATE VARIABLES | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | POPULATION POLICY | SOCIAL POLICY | CULTURE | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Migration | Marriage | Nuptiality | Contraception | Family Planning | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327530 |
| 16. Peer Reviewed Title: Overview Chapter 8: The impact of public policies on European fertility. Author: Hoem JM Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(10):249-260. Abstract: This chapter outlines the positions in the current debate about the possibility of using public policies to influence fertility. We note the polarization between, on the one hand, those who view public policies as obvious means for lifting the currently low fertility levels in Europe, in line with the role of economic policies in a modern society; and, on the other hand, those who feel that family policies are inefficient, and perhaps even unnecessary. We place the contributions of the national chapters of this book in this framework and describe the formidable methodological difficulties that face those who seek to investigate policy impacts on fertility behavior. While properly conducted empirical investigations have overcome such problems and have clearly demonstrated policy effects in specific circumstances, we conclude that, in general, national fertility is possibly best seen as a systemic outcome that depends more on broader attributes, such as the degree of family-friendliness of a society, and less on the presence and detailed construction of monetary benefits. (author's) Language: English Keywords: EUROPE | CRITIQUE | FERTILITY RATE | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY POLICY | GOVERNMENT | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | Developed Countries | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327720 |
| 17. Title: Fertility concern in Finland and Russia: Economic thinking and ideal family size in the rhetoric of population polices. Author: Isola AM Source: Finnish Yearbook of Population Research. 2008;43:63-84. Abstract: This article deals with fertility concern in Russian and Finnish population policies. The article points out that some commonly known discourses are persistently used as arguments in fertility-related population policies. In Finland, these include, for instance, discourses on "ageing nation" and "economic competitiveness". Russian policymakers use a "crisis discourse" that consists of three sub-discourses: "demographic crisis", "reproductive health in crisis" and "family crisis". The Russian government implements pronatalist population policies, whereas Finnish authorities hesitate to use the term "population policy" because of its emphasis on reproductive rights on the one hand, and the negative associations of population policy on the other. Russia has both population and family programs, as well as a new law with a specifically pronatalist emphasis. Conversely, Finland uses family policy as a tool of population policy. (author's) Language: English Keywords: FINLAND | RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS | POPULATION | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | HOME ECONOMICS | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | PUBLIC OPINION | PERCEPTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | PRONATALIST POLICY | REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS | Developed Countries | Europe, Northern | Europe | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Comparative Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Family Planning | Attitudes | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Health | Human Rights Document Number: 326069 |
| 18. Title: Unintended pregnancies remain high in Jordan. Author: Jurdi R Source: Washington, D.C., Population Reference Bureau [PRB], 2008 Sep. 5 p. (MENA Working Paper Series) Abstract: Every pregnancy should be intended and wanted, according to the Jordanian government's policies and international agreements related to family planning and reproductive health. However, one in three pregnancies in Jordan is unintended--either mistimed or unwanted. Policies and programs that reduce unintended pregnancies are justified on health and human rights grounds, and they can help Jordan achieve its population and development goals. This research paper intends to help policymakers and program managers in Jordan understand the extent and nature of unintended pregnancies and their implications for women and their families. A better understanding of unintended pregnancies and their causes will enable decisionmakers to remove obstacles that prevent families from having their desired number of children. Language: English Keywords: JORDAN | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | RECOMMENDATIONS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | PREGNANT WOMEN | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | PREGNANCY, UNWANTED | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | FERTILITY DECLINE | BIRTH SPACING | PREGNANCY RATE | Developing Countries | Middle East | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Population Characteristics | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Fertility Changes | Fertility Measurements Document Number: 323151 |
| 19. Title: Only poverty reduction will curtail population growth [editorial] Author: Nuwagaba N Source: African Health Sciences. 2008 Mar;8(1):4-5. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: UGANDA | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | FERTILITY SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION | POVERTY | POPULATION CONTROL | POPULATION POLICY | PREVALENCE | HOME ECONOMICS | CHILD SURVIVAL | TRAINING PROGRAMS | ADVOCACY | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Measurement | Research Methodology | Microeconomic Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Education | Communication | Women's Status Document Number: 323092 |
| 20. Title: Gender inequality: Is the national population policy's objective of two child norm heading the correct way? Author: Patrikar SR; Bhalwar R; Datta A; Basannar DR Source: Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2008 Jul;64(3):221-223. Abstract: Male preference is a well known phenomena world wide from ancient ages. A descriptive study was carried out to assess the attitude of women towards birth of son, use of contraception methods and sex determination methods in rural village Kasurdi in Pune district. Univariate analysis was carried out by considering each factor determining sex preference separately as well as using a Logistic Regression Model. Adequacy of fit of the model has also been tested. Out of 110 respondents interviewed, 62.7% felt that male child is necessary in the family. Univariate analysis revealed that sex of first child, concern undergone for second pregnancy with regards to sex of the child, number of children in family and type of family were significant factors contributing to the son preference. The analysis under the logistic regression model revealed that sex of the first child and concern undergone in second pregnancy with respect to the sex of the second child are the most dominating and significant factors in the causation of son preference. The difference between family sizes when compared with the sex of first child was statistically significant signifying that if the first child is a male then it hardly matters whether the second child is male or female, but if the sex of first child is female then the families land up with bigger family size. On an average most of the respondents favour two children with an equal share of male and female children. (author's) Language: English Keywords: INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | WOMEN | SEX PREFERENCE | CHILD, MALE | FAMILY SIZE | POPULATION POLICY | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Data Analysis | Demographic Factors | Population | Value Orientation | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Child | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 327586 |
| 21. Peer Reviewed Title: Global knowledge / local bodies: Family planning service providers’ interpretations of contraceptive knowledge(s). Author: Richey LA Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jun 10;18(17):469-498. Abstract: Contraceptive technologies and the knowledges that are constructed around them are simultaneously global and local. Family planning methods in the context of international development interventions are interpreted and understood as part of the relationship between meanings that are at once embodied and remote. While quality of care issues have been raised over nearly two decades, the interactive relationship between policy/program, supply, and interpersonal relations in forming identities has not been analyzed. This paper is based on two years of qualitative fieldwork conducted in Tanzania over a period between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. It examines Tanzanian service providers' perceptions of contraceptives to shed light on questions of local level dissemination of population knowledge(s) and shaping of identities. The findings suggest that the family planning program serves in a process of differentiation between two groups of "local" women: the service providers and their clients. This differentiation subsequently shapes the implementation of the family planning program. (author's) Language: English Keywords: TANZANIA | RESEARCH REPORT | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH | FAMILY PLANNING PERSONNEL | CONTRACEPTION | KNOWLEDGE | FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | INFORMED CHOICE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Family Planning | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Contraceptive Usage Document Number: 327033 |
| 22. Peer Reviewed Title: Achieving the millennium development goals in Bangladesh [editorial] Author: Sack DA Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2008 Sep;26(3):251-2. Abstract: Language: English Keywords: BANGLADESH | PROGRESS REPORT | EVALUATION | NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS | UN | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | GOALS | DIARRHEA | CHILD HEALTH SERVICES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION | COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL | NUTRITION PROGRAMS | POPULATION POLICY | POVERTY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | International Agencies | Policy | Planning | Organization and Administration | Diseases | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Management | Social Policy | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors Document Number: 328894 |
| 23. Title: Demographic change in the Arab countries: prospects for the future. Summary of social policies. No. 1. Author: Shakour B Source: Beirut, Lebanon, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia [ESCWA], 2008 Dec 16. 11 p. (E/ESCWA/SDD/2008/Technical Paper.4) Workshop on Reinforcing National Capacities in Responding to the World Programme of Action on Youth: National reports and systematic documentation of accomplishments, Beirut, 17 December 2008. Abstract: Demographic analysis indicates that in the near future the Arab countries will fall into two groups. The first group will consist of those countries enjoying a demographic return from the increased supply of jobs, the fall in the dependency ratio and the resultant increase in savings: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. The second group will comprise those countries enjoying a demographic return but one whose onset was too late to fall within the time frame set by the programme of work of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the United Nations? Millennium Declaration of 2000. Both groups will face major challenges and both need to formulate appropriate policies. The first group could face multiple challenges, so it must not miss this opportunity and must make an effort to seize it, especially as it will help these countries carry out their commitments to eradicate poverty and improve the quality of human life. The countries in the second group need to work to accelerate the onset of the demographic dividend by developing population policies that will accelerate fertility reduction and develop human capital. These countries may not manage to halve the material poverty rate by 2015, but they may be able to reduce human poverty. They could do this by directing their policies towards human welfare, especially in the countries that suffer from human poverty in addition to the poverty of income. (Excerpt) Language: English Keywords: MIDDLE EAST | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | YOUTH | POLICYMAKERS | WORKSHOPS | CAPACITY BUILDING | SOCIAL POLICY | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | POPULATION POLICY | POPULATION PROJECTION | DEVELOPMENT POLICY | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POLITICAL FACTORS | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Education | Program Sustainability | Programs | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Estimation Techniques | Planning | Age Distribution Document Number: 331362 |
| 24. Peer Reviewed Title: England and Wales: Stable fertility and pronounced social status differences. Author: Sigle-Rushton W Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(15):455-502. Abstract: For nearly three decades, the total fertility rate in England and Wales has remained high relative to other European countries, and stable at about 1.7 births per woman. In this chapter, we examine trends in both period and cohort fertility throughout the twentieth century, and demonstrate some important differences across demographic and social groups in the timing and quantum of fertility. Breaking with a market-oriented and laissez-faire approach to work and family issues, the last 10 years have seen the introduction of new social and economic policies aimed at providing greater support to families with children. However, the effect of the changes is likely to be limited to families on the lower end of the income scale. Rather than facilitating work and parenthood, some policies create incentives for a traditional gendered division of labour. Fertility appears to have remained stable despite, rather than because of, government actions. (author's) Language: English Keywords: UNITED KINGDOM | WALES | RESEARCH REPORT | FERTILITY CHANGES | FAMILY SIZE, COMPLETED | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | MARRIAGE POSTPONEMENT | SEX BEHAVIOR | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | ABORTION | SOCIAL CHANGE | SOCIAL CLASS | SOCIAL POLICY | ECONOMIC POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | United Kingdom | Europe, Western | Europe | Developed Countries | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Marriage | Nuptiality | Behavior | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Policy | Political Factors Document Number: 327723 Notification |
| 25. Peer Reviewed Title: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on India’s gender imbalance. Author: Singh M Source: Population and Development Review. 2008 Jun;34(2):387-389. Abstract: India is one of a number of countries, mostly East and South Asian, that record anomalous male-dominated sex ratios at birth. Under-enumeration of girl children may be partly responsible, but the larger cause is the selective abortion of female fetuses in societies showing strong cultural or economic preferences for sons over daughters. Fetal sex determination became simple with the development of ultrasound technology. The sharp rise in the ratio of boys to girls in the youngest population age groups seen in the Indian censuses of 1981, 1991, and 2001-especially in the northwestern states of Punjab and Haryana-coincides with the spread of this technology, notwithstanding that its use for this purpose has been outlawed since the early 1990s. (Abortion is legal in India but the principle of parental sovereignty in reproductive decisions is overruled in this case in the name of the collective interest.) In a recent speech Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called attention to the gender imbalance and supported a nationwide campaign to end sex discrimination in this "gray area of national concern." The Prime Minister's speech was delivered on 28 April 2008 to the National Conference on "Save the Girl Child," New Delhi, a meeting organized by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. It is reprinted below. The Prime Minister describes selective abortion of a female fetus as a reprehensible practice. Its origin is found in the "patriarchal mindset," its prevalence ascribed to "unscrupulous parents" and "unethical conduct on the part of some medical practitioners" offering sex determination services. The remedy, he says, lies in education and empowerment of women. While that may well be the case in the longer run, cross-sectional research findings are less than supportive. The gender imbalance is positively associated with parental education and social status-whether linked to greater affordability of sex determination services or to the enhanced agency of higher-status parents in reproductive decisions. The text of the speech can be found at http://pmindia.nic.in/lspeech.asp?id=677. Language: English Keywords: INDIA | CRITIQUE | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS | POPULATION | POLICYMAKERS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | SEX RATIO | POPULATION POLICY | SEX DETERMINATION | ULTRASONICS | ABORTION | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | SEX DISCRIMINATION | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Genetic Techniques | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems Document Number: 327378 Notification |
| 26. Title: Africa and its demographic challenges: An uncertain future. Author: Vimard P Source: Paris, France, Agence Francaise de Developpement, Departement de la Recherche, 2008 Apr. 41 p. (Working Paper No. 62) Abstract: This Working Paper is the executive summary of a collective publication: Africa and its Demographic Challenges: an Uncertain Future, edited by Benoit Ferry. This study was born out of a workshop on demography and population issues organized in early March 2006 by the Agence Francaise de Developpement (AFD) in partnership with the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID), the Flora Hewlett Foundation and the French Equilibres & Populations association. Given that population issues seem to have been forgotten, or at least put on the backburner of international agendas since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, this workshop's initiators had a threefold objective: to resituate the demography issue, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, at the center of the debate on the structural factors of growth and development (or, to put it more negatively, on the fundamental causes of the failure of policies aimed at combating poverty in certain countries); to highlight the failure of the contraceptive revolution of the last thirty years on the African continent and to contrast the various viewpoints on the issue: researchers from the South and the North, academics in the French and English-speaking worlds, economists, sociologists and demographers; to reignite renewed dialogue between the research world and development actors on the complex relationships between demographic, economic and political problems. (author's) Language: English Keywords: AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | TECHNICAL REPORT | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION GROWTH | FERTILITY CHANGES | POVERTY | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | POPULATION POLICY | Developing Countries | Africa | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Fertility | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors Document Number: 327529 |
| 27. Peer Reviewed Title: Longitudinal research designs and utility in the Asian and Pacific region. Author: Yoddumnern-Attig B; Guest P; Thongthai V; Punpuing S; Sethaput C Source: Asia Pacific Population Journal. Dec;23(3):9-22. Abstract: Longitudinal research, which includes panel research, is the term used to differentiate the methodology and utility of prospective studies from that of cross-sectional research. It describes not a single method, but a family of methods that measure change by linking individual data across time. In this article, the authors provide an overview of longitudinal research design and utility in the Asian and Pacific region which is partly based on the articles presented at the International Conference on Understanding Health and Population over time, which was organized in Bangkok on 24 and 25 May 2007 by the Institute for Population and Social Research. Language: English Keywords: ASIA | RESEARCH REPORT | LONGITUDINAL STUDIES | RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | POPULATION POLICY | HEALTH POLICY | PROGRAM DESIGN | Developing Countries | Studies | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 331319 |
| 28. Peer Reviewed Title: Russian Federation: From the first to second demographic transition. Author: Zakharov S Source: Demographic Research. 2008 Jul 1;19(24):907-972. Abstract: The demographic transition in Russia was accelerated by several social cataclysms during the "Soviet type" modernization. Frequent changes in the timing of births and marriages engendered a mass "abortion culture". Contraceptive devices of poor quality were produced on a limited scale. The Soviet regime promulgated pronatalism and considered contraception to contradict this ideology. There have been two waves of government policy interventions. In the 1930s and 1940s restrictive and propaganda measures prevailed. These failed to yield serious effects. In the 1980s, policies aimed at lessening the tension between full-time employment and maternal roles. These generated shifts in birth timing, namely shorter birth intervals and earlier second and third births, however increase in completed cohort fertility was minimal. A third wave started in 2007. Preoccupied with continuous depopulation, authorities intend to boost births by substantially increasing benefits. The mid-1990s was a turning point in the change of fertility and nuptiality models. The 1970s birth cohorts marry and become parents later. They delay first and second births and increasingly begin partnerships with cohabitation. Contraception is replacing abortion. New attitudes and perceptions about family, partnership, childbearing, and family planning are emerging. A major transformation typical for developed countries, the Second Demographic Transition, is underway. Nevertheless, many neo-traditional features of fertility and nuptiality remain. These distinguish Russia from most European countries and will persist in the near future. Completed fertility, however, hardly differs from the average European level. (author's) Language: English Keywords: RUSSIA | RESEARCH REPORT | HISTORICAL REVIEW | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | SOCIAL CHANGE | FAMILY POLICY | POPULATION POLICY | PRONATALIST POLICY | DELAYED CHILDBEARING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FERTILITY INCENTIVES | ABORTION | CONSENSUAL UNION | FAMILY SIZE, DESIRED | FAMILY SIZE, IDEAL | Asia, Northern | Asia | Developing Countries | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Contraception | Family Planning | Fertility Control, Postconception | Nuptiality | Family Size | Family Characteristics | Family and Household Document Number: 327672 Notification |
| 29. Title: Instruction of the government on the implementation of the population and family planning policy. Source: Vietnam Population News. 2007 Apr-Jun;(43):1-2. Abstract: There is a need to continue to implement tasks and solutions to achieve the population and family planning targets set out in the Government's Plan of Action, firstly those by 2010 with special attention to: further enhancing communication and advocacy activities with appropriate contents and format for each target group and socio-economic and cultural context, with more focus on high-fertility settings, high percentage of third births and over, remote and difficult areas; promoting volunteerism in practicing small family size with one children. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | RECOMMENDATIONS | EVALUATION | GOVERNMENT | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | IMPLEMENTATION | POPULATION POLICY | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Social Policy | Policy | Programs | Organization and Administration Document Number: 308828 |
| 30. Title: UNICEF executive director appreciates Viet Nam's achievements on child protection. Source: Vietnam Population News. 2007 Apr-Jun;(43):3-6. Abstract: On 5 May 2007, Madame Le Thi Thu, Minister-Chair-woman of VCPFC, and heads of ministries and sectors warmly welcomed Ms. Ann M. Veneman, UNICEF's Executive Director. At the meeting, Madame Thu gave a brief on Viet Nam's achievements in child care, education and protection during the past few years and future work orientation. Children's living standards have been unceasingly improved, children's rights have been step by step met in terms of physical, intellectual, spiritual and morality. She hoped to receive the efficient support of UNICEF. Ms. Ann M. Veneman is impressed by Viet Nam's achievements. She said that UNICEF would have focus to HIV/AIDS, childhood injury, and under-five underweight. She recommended Viet Nam to pay more attention to causes of those issues, especially setting up databases and provide data/indicators that can be compared with other countries in the region. During her visit, Ms. Ann M. Veneman also met with Government officials to discuss about related matters. She said Viet Nam is likely to be one of the countries to reach the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets, with some of these targets ahead of 2015. Despite the significant progress achieved, there remain challenges, such as disparity between the rich and poor, impacts of HIV on children and protecting children from injury and harm. (excerpt) Language: English Keywords: VIETNAM | PROGRESS REPORT | RECOMMENDATIONS | POPULATION STATISTICS | CHILDREN | POPULATION | UNICEF | CHILD SURVIVAL | CHILD CARE | STANDARD OF LIVING | CHILD HEALTH | POPULATION POLICY | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | AGE DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Research Methodology | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Survivorship | Length of Life | Mortality | Child Rearing | Behavior | Economic Factors | Health | Social Policy | Policy | Family Planning Document Number: 308829 |
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