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Peer Reviewed

Title: Systematic review of HIV and HCV infection among drug users in China.
Author: Bao YP; Liu ZM
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2009 Jun;20(6):399-405.
Abstract: To determine the HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) geographical distribution among drug users in China, a systematic literature review of 40 peer-reviewed publications (comprising 15,565 drug users) was conducted. Of the total drug users, 10,724 were found to be injection drug users (IDUs) and 4841 were non-injection drug users (non-IDUs). Various studies identified that among IDUs and non-IDUs, the overall HIV prevalence rates were 12.55% and 1.05%, and the HCV prevalence rates were 66.97% and 18.30%, respectively. The HIV prevalence rate ranged from 0% (Anhui and Inner Mongolia) to 52.51% (Yunnan) among IDUs, and from 0% to 19.80% among non-IDUs correspondingly. The HCV prevalence rate ranged from 11.43% (Shannxi) to 90.77% (Hubei) among IDUs, and from 0% (Anhui) to 40.00% (Fujian) among non-IDUs. Based on the high prevalence of HIV and HCV among drug users, scaling-up harm reduction was required from 'heroin trafficking areas' to other areas in China.
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | LITERATURE REVIEW | PREVALENCE | IV DRUG USERS | HIV INFECTIONS | HEPATITIS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Measurement | Research Methodology | Drug Use and Abuse | Behavior | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Geographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 342442

Peer Reviewed

Title: [Spatial distribution of elderly individuals in a medium-sized city in S�o Paulo State, Brazil, according to key socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics] Distribui��o espacial dos idosos de um munic�pio de m�dio porte do interior paulista segundo algumas caracter�sticas s�cio-demogr�fi cas e de morbidade.
Author: Campos FG; Barrozo LV; Ruiz T; Cesar CL; Barros MB; Carandina L; Goldbaum M
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):77-86.
Abstract: Geographic Information Systems serve as important public health tools for analyzing population disease distribution and thus for identifying individuals with chronic non-communicable diseases. The current study performed a spatial analysis of the distribution of the population 60 years and older in the city of Botucatu, S�o Paulo State, Brazil, studying the socio-demographic profile and the presence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Data were analyzed from 468 elderly individuals from a population survey conducted in 2001-2002. Elders with the highest socioeconomic status live in the census tracts with the highest social strata, as proven statistically by spatial analysis techniques for income and schooling. No spatial distribution pattern was found for elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes, who were located heterogeneously on the map. The study suggests the use of geoprocessing techniques for digital mapping of areas covered by primary health care units, aimed at better monitoring of the distribution of elderly individuals with chronic diseases and their care by health professionals.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | DISEASES | HYPERTENSION | DIABETES | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Population | Vascular Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341870

Title: 2008 world population data sheet.
Author: Population Reference Bureau [PRB]
Source: Washington, D.C., PRB, 2008. 16 p.
Abstract: This wall chart, the 2008 World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau, includes demographic data and estimates for the countries and regions of the world. In addition, it summarizes and compares the latest population estimates, projections, and other key indicators for all geopolitical entities with populations of 150,00 or more. As world population has risen from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 6.7 billion in 2008, the proportion living in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean has expanded from 68 percent to more than 80 percent. India and China, with a billion-plus each in 2008, make up about 37 percent of the total. Projections for 2050 show this shift to developing countries continuing. Highlighted in this wall chart is naternal mortality in developing countries, the shift in population density from rural to urban areas, and mother's education and children's nutritional status. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION STATISTICS | POPULATION GROWTH | POPULATION SIZE | MATERNAL MORTALITY | FERTILITY RATE | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | CHILD NUTRITION | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Research Methodology | Mortality | Birth Rate | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Nutrition | Health
Document Number: 328154

Title: An overview of urbanization, internal migration, population distribution and development in the world.
Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
Source: New York, New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2008 Jan 14. 34 p. (UN/POP/EGM-URB/2008/01) Prepared for the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, New York, New York, January 21-23, 2008.
Abstract: The distribution of humanity on the earth's surface has always responded to the opportunities that different territories provide. After the invention of agriculture, the availability of arable land largely determined the place where most people settled. The practice of agriculture also permitted the accumulation of food surpluses and the differentiation of productive activities that led to the emergence of more complex settlements generically identified as "cities". In modern history, cities have played key roles as centres of Government, production, trade, knowledge, innovation and rising productivity. The changes brought about by the industrial revolution would be unimaginable in the absence of cities. The mechanization of production made necessary the concentration of population. Rapid industrialization was accompanied by increasing urbanization. In 1920, the more developed regions, being the most industrialized, had just under 30 per cent of their population in urban areas. As industrialization advanced in the developing world so did urbanization, particularly in Latin America where 41 per cent of the population was urban by 1950. In Africa and Asia levels of urbanization remained lower, although the urban population increased markedly, particularly in Asia. Between 1920 and 2007, the world's urban population increased from about 270 million to 3.3 billion, with 1.5 billion urban dwellers added to Asia, 750 million to the more developed regions, just under 450 million to Latin America and the Caribbean, and just over 350 million to Africa. These changes foreshadow those to come. Between 2007 and 2050, the urban population is expected to increase as much as it did since 1920, that is, 3.1 billion additional urban dwellers are expected by 2050, including 1.8 billion in Asia and 0.9 billion in Africa. These powerful trends will shape and in turn be shaped by economic and social development. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | URBAN AREAS | URBAN POPULATION | URBANIZATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | POVERTY | PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY | RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POLICY | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Urban Population Distribution | Migration | Population Dynamics | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Program Evaluation | Programs | Organization and Administration | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 323730

6.
Title: United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development, New York, 21-23 January 2008.
Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2008 Mar. 364 p. (ESA/P/WP.206)
Abstract: In 2008, the world is reaching an important milestone: for the first time in history, half of the world population will be living in urban areas. Urbanization has significant social and economic implications: Historically, it has been an integral part of the process of economic development and an important determinant of the decline in fertility and mortality rates. Many important economic, social and demographic transformations have taken place in cities. The urban expansion, due in part to migration from rural to urban areas, varies significantly across regions and countries. The distribution and morphology of cities, the dynamics of urban growth, the linkages between urban and rural areas and the living conditions of the rural and urban population also vary quite substantially across countries and over time. In general, urbanization represents a positive development, but it also poses challenges. The scale of such challenges is particularly significant in less developed regions, where most of the urban growth will take place in the coming decades. To discuss trends in population distribution and urbanization and their implications, the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat organized an Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development. The meeting, which took place from 21 to 23 January at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, brought together experts from different regions of the world to present and discuss recent research on urbanization, the policy dimensions of urban growth and internal migration, the linkages and disparities between urban and rural development, aspects of urban infrastructure and urban planning, and the challenges of climate change for the spatial distribution of the population. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | UNITED KINGDOM | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | EVALUATION | MIGRANTS | URBAN POPULATION | URBANIZATION | INTERNAL MIGRATION | RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | UN | GROUP MEETING | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | LABOR MIGRATION | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Migration | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Characteristics | Urban Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Economic Factors | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Communication
Document Number: 325697

Title: Population growth and its spatial distribution as factors in the deforestation of Nang Rong, Thailand.
Author: Entwisle B; Rindfuss RR; Walsh SJ; Page PH
Source: Geoforum. 2008 Mar;39(2):879-897.
Abstract: Frontiers constitute a major source of global land cover change hot spots, with forests and grasslands being converted into agricultural uses. As such, frontiers provide an opportunity to see how people manipulate the land and their lives in the context of social, cultural and environmental constraints. This paper examines frontier settlement and land cover change in Nang Rong district, Northeast Thailand for the last half century. It uses a Cellular Automata (CA) model to explore the land cover consequences of alternative patterns of settlement in a setting where people establish dwelling units in nucleated villages and work agricultural plots that surround villages. Forested land around the center of a village is converted into agricultural uses in an inverse relationship to the distance from the village center, but frequently modified by biophysical conditions. Land at the center of the village may be reforested after the village is established as a source of shade as well as fruit and other products. Model variation in land cover change is more sensitive to the spatial reach of village households than their temporal reach, suggesting the important role that technology plays in how villagers travel to their Welds (walking versus motorized transit). (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
THAILAND | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | LAND SUPPLY | LAND AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION GROWTH | DEFORESTATION | AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT | FORESTS | SETTLEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT | Asia, Southeastern | Asia | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Natural Resources | Environment | Rural Development | Economic Factors | Geographic Factors | Population | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Environmental Degradation | Migration
Document Number: 325391

Peer Reviewed

Title: The epidemiology of HIV infection in Zambia.
Author: Kandala NB; Ji C; Cappuccio PF; Stones RW
Source: AIDS Care. 2008 Aug;20(7):812-9.
Abstract: Population surveys of health and fertility are an important source of information about demographic trends and their likely impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to groups sampled at health facilities they can provide nationally and regionally representative estimates of a range of variables. Data on HIV-sero-status were collected in the 2001 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) and made available in a separate data file in which HIV status was linked to a very limited set of demographic variables. We utilized this data set to examine associations between HIV prevalence, gender, age and geographical location. We applied the generalized geo-additive semi-parametric model as an alternative to the common linear model, in the context of analyzing the prevalence of HIV infection. This model enabled us to account for spatial auto-correlation, non-linear, location effects on the prevalence of HIV infection at the disaggregated provincial level (nine provinces) and assess temporal and geographical variation in the prevalence of HIV infection, while simultaneously controlling for important risk factors. Of the overall sample of 3950, 54% was female. The overall HIV-positivity rate was 565 (14.3%). The mean age at HIV diagnosis for male was 30.3 (SD=11.2) and 27.7 (SD=9.3) for female respectively. Lusaka and Copperbelt have the first and second highest prevalence of AIDS/HIV (marginal odds ratios of 3.24 and 2.88, respectively) but when the younger age of the urban population and the spatial auto-correlation was taken into account, Lusaka and Copperbelt were no longer among the areas with the highest prevalence. Non-linear effects of age at HIV diagnosis are also discussed and the importance of spatial residual effects and control of confounders on the prevalence of HIV infection. The study was conducted to assess the spatial pattern and the effect of confounding risk factors on AIDS/HIV prevalence and to develop a means of adjusting estimates of AIDS/HIV prevalence on the important risk factors. Controlling for important risk factors, such as geographical location (spatial auto-correlation), age structure of the population and gender, gave estimates of prevalence that are statistically robust. Researchers should be encouraged to use all available information in the data to account for important risk factors when reporting AIDS/HIV prevalence. Where this is not possible, correction factors should be applied, particularly where estimates of AIDS/HIV prevalence are pooled in systematic reviews. Our maps can be used for policy planning and management of AIDS/HIV in Zambia.
Language: English
Keywords:
ZAMBIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | PREVALENCE | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | HIV INFECTIONS | HIV | AIDS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Public Health | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 328866

Peer Reviewed

Title: Demographic differentials and demographic integration of Turkish and Kurdish populations in Turkey.
Author: Koc I; Hancioglu A; Cavlin A
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2008 Aug;27(4):447-457.
Abstract: The objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to provide estimates of the total populations and spatial distributions of different language groups in Turkey, (2) to test whether the commonly held belief that Turkish-speaking and Kurdish-speaking populations are "actors" of different demographic regimes is true, and (3) to assess whether a process of integration, in the form of intermarriage of Turks and Kurds is under way in Turkey. Data come mainly from the 2003 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS-2003). Based on the assumption that the mother tongue composition of women is also representative of that of the whole population, the results of the TDHS-2003 imply that of the population of Turkey, 83% are Turkish-speaking, 14% are Kurdish-speaking, 2% are Arabic-speaking and the remaining 1% belong to other language groups. Results show that despite intensive internal migration movements in the last 50 years, strong demographic differentials exist between Turkish and Kurdish-speaking populations, and that the convergence of the two groups does not appear to be a process under way. Turks and Kurds do indeed appear to be actors of different demographic regimes, at different stages of demographic and health transition processes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | LANGUAGE | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | ETHNIC GROUPS | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Communication | Fertility | Contraception | Family Planning | Health | Marriage | Nuptiality
Document Number: 325865

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Spatial prediction of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in Somalia.
Author: Noor AM; Clements AC; Gething PW; Moloney G; Borle M
Source: Malaria Journal. 2008;7(159)
Abstract: Background: Maps of malaria distribution are vital for optimal allocation of resources for anti-malarial activities. There is a lack of reliable contemporary malaria maps in endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This problem is particularly acute in low malaria transmission countries such as those located in the horn of Africa. Methods: Data from a national malaria cluster sample survey in 2005 and routine cluster surveys in 2007 were assembled for Somalia. Rapid diagnostic tests were used to examine the presence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in finger-prick blood samples obtained from individuals across all age-groups. Bayesian geostatistical models, with environmental and survey covariates, were used to predict continuous maps of malaria prevalence across Somalia and to define the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Results: For analyses the country was divided into north and south. In the north, the month of survey, distance to water, precipitation and temperature had no significant association with P. falciparum prevalence when spatial correlation was taken into account. In contrast, all the covariates, except distance to water, were significantly associated with parasite prevalence in the south. The inclusion of covariates improved model fit for the south but not for the north. Model precision was highest in the south. The majority of the country had a predicted prevalence of < 5%; areas with > or = 5% prevalence were predominantly in the south. Conclusions: The maps showed that malaria transmission in Somalia varied from hypo- to meso-endemic. However, even after including the selected covariates in the model, there still remained a considerable amount of unexplained spatial variation in parasite prevalence, indicating effects of other factors not captured in the study. Nonetheless the maps presented here provide the best contemporary information on malaria prevalence in Somalia.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOMALIA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGY | TESTING | MALARIA | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | TRANSMISSION | PARASITES | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Public Health | Health | Measurement | Research Methodology | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Population | Infections | Biology
Document Number: 329500

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Exploratory analysis of spatial patterns in Brazil's fertility transition.
Author: Schmertmann CP; Potter JE; Cavenaghi SM
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2008 Feb;27(1):1-15.
Abstract: We use census data to investigate fertility change across more than 500 Brazilian microregions during 1970-2000, before and after controlling for local covariates. We use semivariograms to analyze spatial patterns, in order to investigate the importance of diffusion or social interaction in the spread of fertility transition across a map. Our analysis shows that spatial patterns in Brazilian fertility change are strongly related to spatial patterns in measurable local conditions such as electrification, child mortality, and female education. Differences in local conditions are particularly good at explaining spatial correlations at distances greater than 500km. At shorter distances, there remains some unexplained spatial correlation in fertility change that could be attributed to diffusion or social interaction. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | FERTILITY CHANGES | SOCIAL CHANGE | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Fertility | Sociocultural Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 323787

12.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Human population, urban settlement patterns and their impact on Plasmodium falciparum malaria endemicity.
Author: Tatem AJ; Guerra CA; Kabaria CW; Noor AM; Hay SI
Source: Malaria Journal. 2008;7:218.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficient allocation of financial resources for malaria control and the optimal distribution of appropriate interventions require accurate information on the geographic distribution of malaria risk and of the human populations it affects. Low population densities in rural areas and high population densities in urban areas can influence malaria transmission substantially. Here, the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) global database of Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (PfPR) surveys, medical intelligence and contemporary population surfaces are utilized to explore these relationships and other issues involved in combining malaria risk maps with those of human population distribution in order to define populations at risk more accurately. METHODS: First, an existing population surface was examined to determine if it was sufficiently detailed to be used reliably as a mask to identify areas of very low and very high population density as malaria free regions. Second, the potential of international travel and health guidelines (ITHGs) for identifying malaria free cities was examined. Third, the differences in PfPR values between surveys conducted in author-defined rural and urban areas were examined. Fourth, the ability of various global urban extent maps to reliably discriminate these author-based classifications of urban and rural in the PfPR database was investigated. Finally, the urban map that most accurately replicated the author-based classifications was analysed to examine the effects of urban classifications on PfPR values across the entire MAP database. RESULTS: Masks of zero population density excluded many non-zero PfPR surveys, indicating that the population surface was not detailed enough to define areas of zero transmission resulting from low population densities. In contrast, the ITHGs enabled the identification and mapping of 53 malaria free urban areas within endemic countries. Comparison of PfPR survey results showed significant differences between author-defined 'urban' and 'rural' designations in Africa, but not for the remainder of the malaria endemic world. The Global Rural Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) urban extent mask proved most accurate for mapping these author-defined rural and urban locations, and further sub-divisions of urban extents into urban and peri-urban classes enabled the effects of high population densities on malaria transmission to be mapped and quantified. CONCLUSION: The availability of detailed, contemporary census and urban extent data for the construction of coherent and accurate global spatial population databases is often poor. These known sources of uncertainty in population surfaces and urban maps have the potential to be incorporated into future malaria burden estimates. Currently, insufficient spatial information exists globally to identify areas accurately where population density is low enough to impact upon transmission. Medical intelligence does however exist to reliably identify malaria free cities. Moreover, in Africa, urban areas that have a significant effect on malaria transmission can be mapped.
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS | CLASSIFICATION | URBAN POPULATION | PREVALENCE | MALARIA | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | URBAN AREAS | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | MAPS | CENSUS | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Measurement | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Geography | Social Sciences | Science | Sociocultural Factors | Population Statistics
Document Number: 329353

13.

Title: Geographical variations and contextual effects on age of initiation of sexual intercourse among women in Nigeria: A multilevel and spatial analysis.
Author: Uthman OA
Source: International Journal of Health Geographics. 2008 May 30;7(27):[12] p.
Abstract: The age of initiation of sexual intercourse is an increasingly important issue to study given that sexually active young women are at risk of multiple outcomes including early pregnancies, vesico-vaginal fistula, and sexually transmitted infections. Much research has focused on the demographic, familial, and social factors associated with sexual initiation and reasons adolescents begin having consensual intercourse. Less is known, however, about the geographical and contextual factors associated with age of initiation of sexual intercourse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent of regional and state disparities in age of initiation of sexual intercourse and to examine individual- and community-level predictors of early sexual debut. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to data on 5531 ever or currently married women who had participated in 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Coital debut at 15 years or younger was used to define early sexual debut. Exploratory spatial data analysis methods were used to study geographic variation in age at first sexual intercourse. The median age at first sexual intercourse for all women included in the study was 15 years (range; 14 -19). North West and North East had the highest proportion of women who had reported early sexual debut (61% -78%). The spatial distribution of age of initiation of sexual intercourse was nonrandom and clustered with a Moran's I = 0.635 (p = .001). There was significant positive spatial relationship between median age of marriage and spatial lag of median age of sexual debut (Bivariate Moran's I = 0.646, (p = .001). After adjusting for both individual-level and contextual factors, the probability of starting sex at an earlier age was associated with respondents' current age, education attainment, ethnicity, region, and community median age of marriage. The study found that individual-level and community contextual characteristics were independently associated with early sexual debut, suggestingthat interventions to reduce adolescent high-risk sexual behaviour should focus on high-risk places as well as high-risk groups of people. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | AREA ANALYSIS | WOMEN | FIRST INTERCOURSE | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology | Sex Behavior | Behavior
Document Number: 327536

14.

Title: Growing up urban. UNFPA state of world population 2007. Youth supplement.
Author: United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA]
Source: New York, New York, UNFPA, 2007. [55] p. Also available in French and Spanish.
Abstract: The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in its history. The 3 billion population of towns and cities in 2005 will increase by 1.8 billion by 2030. The urban population of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa will double in less than a generation. The fastest growth will be in the poorer urban areas. For example, the slum population of Dhaka has more than doubled in a decade, from 1.5 million in 1996 to 3.4 million in 2006. Most urban growth comes from natural increase (more births than deaths). The urban poor have higher fertility rates than other urbanites: women have less education and less autonomy; they know little about sexual and reproductive health services, and have little access to them. Rural-urban migration also contributes to urban growth. Young people under 25 already make up half the urban population and young people from poor families will be a big part of the urban wave. The future of cities depends on what cities do now to help them, in particular to exercise their rights to education, health, employment, and civic participation. Investment in young people is the key to ending generations of poverty. In particular it is the key to reaching the Millennium Development Goals and halving poverty by 2015. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | CRITIQUE | CASE STUDIES | YOUTH | URBAN AREAS | URBANIZATION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | UNFPA | Studies | Research Methodology | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Urban Population Distribution | UN | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 318271

15.

Title: Introduction.
Author: Attane I; Guilmoto CZ
Source: In: Watering the neighbour's garden: The growing demographic female deficit in Asia, edited by Isabelle Attane and Christophe Z. Guilmoto. Paris, France, Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography [CICRED], 2007. :1-22. "Chapters in this volume originate from papers presented at an international seminar organized by the authors in Singapore on 5-7 December 2005".
Abstract: These chapters cover a wide array of territories and issues and should help to map the priority issues for future research on masculinization processes in Asia. Obviously, lack of adequate data hampers any progress in both the understanding and the monitoring of current trends. But chapters included in this volume bring together a large amount of quantitative and qualitative data that should inspire scholars. What is probably still lacking is a unified theory accounting for the almost simultaneous rejection of girls expressed by Asian families in countries that otherwise have experienced rather different political and economic conditions over the last two decades. Without such a conceptual frame, it is difficult to foresee the demographic and sociological ramifications of rising sex ratios on Asian societies. With China and India accounting together for more than a third of the world's population, the consequences of this changing sex composition are likely to be significant and probably felt beyond their own borders. At the same time, there is a real ignorance about the potential impact of the current demographic trends, leading observers to draw all kinds of conclusions. These range from rather optimistic views of future self-regulatory mechanisms bound to correct this imbalance to the benefit of women to more doomsday scenarios with hordes of unmarried males causing disorder in Asia. The more optimistic hypothesis posits that the rising proportion of boys in the child populations is obviously unsustainable in the long run: changing sex composition should therefore automatically lead parents to reverse their proson strategy once the deficit of women hits young male adults. A far less sanguine theory envisions somewhat dramatic consequences of the demographic masculinization on the very fabric of Asian societies torn by potentially rising conflict and violence (Hudson, den Boer, 2004). As the world has apparently never experienced any such type of crisis, there is precious little in terms of social and historical literature or documentation that may help to comprehend the ultimate consequences of this singular demographic development while historical experience is missing. We hope that bringing together these studies will help to put the growing Asian female deficit higher on the international population agenda. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ASIA | CRITIQUE | METHODOLOGICAL STUDIES | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | CENSUS METHODS | WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT | POPULATION | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | GENDER ISSUES | SEX DISCRIMINATION | ABORTION | DATA QUALITY | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Census | Population Statistics | Economic Development | Economic Factors | Geographic Factors | Sex Factors | Population Characteristics | Demographic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Social Discrimination | Social Problems | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Data Analysis
Document Number: 308892 Notification

16.

Title: Improving global M&E of programs for orphans and vulnerable children.
Author: Chatterji M
Source: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center [CPC], MEASURE Evaluation, 2007 Apr 2. [2] p. (MEASURE Evaluation Fact SheetFS-07-19USAID Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-03-00003-00)
Abstract: An estimated 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa have lost one or both parents to AIDS. These children face many challenges to their health and well being, including an increased risk of injury and illness; inadequate food, shelter, and medical care; exploitative caregivers, and mental trauma. Despite the recognition of the magnitude and negative consequences of these problems, there is little evidence for what kinds of programs best improve the well being of children affected by HIV/ AIDS. MEASURE Evaluation is working to improve the lives of orphans and vulnerable children by providing much-needed data about OVC programs and populations to the countries and organizations implementing these projects. There are four major components to MEASURE Evaluation's OVC work: 1) targeted evaluations of existing programs; 2) examinations of behavioral habits and other characteristics of at-risk populations; 3) a new toolkit, the Child Status Index, to aid OVC programs; and 4) providing mapping of OVC populations in relation to available aid organizations, health centers, and other locations. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
AFRICA, SUB SAHARAN | SUMMARY REPORT | EVALUATION | MEASUREMENT | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | DECISION MAKING | PUBLIC HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | HEALTH FACILITIES | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT | MAPS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | Developing Countries | Africa | Research Methodology | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Health | Delivery of Health Care | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Management | Organization and Administration | Geographic Factors | Population
Document Number: 322542

17.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Key natural impacting factors of China's human population distribution.
Author: Chen M; Xu C; Wang R
Source: Population and Environment. 2007 Jan;28(3):187-200.
Abstract: China is a large country with a population of 1.292 billion, accounting for 1/5 of the world population. However, the geographical distribution of population is greatly unbalanced. There are many factors contributing to the unbalanced population distribution, including natural condition, social and economic development, and transportation infrastructure. In this article, we specifically explore how natural factors (resource and geographical factors) influence the population distribution. We use the multiple linear regression to analyze how the county population and prefecture (districts under city administration) population density is influenced by different natural factors. The analysis is conducted at two scales: the national scale and the regional scale (including east region, northeast region, middle region and west region). Our results show that arable land proportion, precipitation, elevation, accumulated temperature (also called Effective Accumulated Temperature (EAT), means the sum of daily temperature for the period of daily mean temperature (Td) above 10�C) and the distance from energy distribution location, the distance from main rivers are the significant factors for all the counties in China. For the prefectures, the significant impacting factors include elevation, arable land proportion and distance from the main rivers. For the east region, elevation and arable land proportion are the significant impacting factors of population distribution. For the northeast region, arable land proportion, precipitation and accumulated temperature are the significant impacting factors. For the middle region, arable land proportion, accumulated temperature, distance from energy distribution location and elevation are the significant impacting factors. For the west region, arable land proportion, precipitation, distance from the main rivers, distance from energy distribution location and accumulated temperature are the significant impacting factors. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | STATISTICAL REGRESSION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | NATURAL RESOURCES | GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS | ENVIRONMENT | ECONOMIC FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Data Analysis | Research Methodology | Population
Document Number: 313618

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Spatial demography: An opportunity to improve policy making at diverse decision levels.
Author: de Castro MC
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Dec;26(5-6):477-509.
Abstract: The number of applications of spatial demography has been growing mostly since the 1990s. Ranging from simple visualization to sophisticated spatial analytical techniques, these applications bring a new layer of explanation to demographic phenomena. This paper reviews demographic studies that specifically addressed space with spatial statistical models, and that focused on fertility, mortality, migration, and population models. Additionally, it summarizes different spatial datasets and software freely available, as well as the challenges that exist for the development of spatial demography applications. These challenges include confidentiality issues, scale problems, and the lack of training on spatial analysis in population centers. Although the first and second challenges involve modeling and technical solutions, the latter depends only on demographers' commitment and willingness to promote change. Several topics for future spatially focused research are also outlined. Finally, the paper makes astrong case regarding the significant contribution that spatial demography can make to the monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of population policies. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
EUROPE | UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | LITERATURE REVIEW | MULTIREGIONAL ANALYSIS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION POLICY | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | MIGRATION | FERTILITY | MORTALITY | MONITORING | EVALUATION | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Research Methodology | Geographic Factors | Population | Social Policy | Policy | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors
Document Number: 322082

19.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Residential mobility and migration of the divorced and separated.
Author: Feijten P; van Ham M
Source: Demographic Research. 2007 Dec 20;17(21):623-654.
Abstract: Separation is known to have a disruptive effect on the housing careers of those involved, mainly because a decrease in resources causes (temporary) downward moves on the housing ladder. Little is known about the geographies of the residential mobility behaviour of the separated. Applying a hazard analysis to retrospective life-course data for the Netherlands, we investigate three hypotheses: individuals who experienced separation move more often than do steady singles and people in intact couple relationships, they are less likely to move over long distances, and they move more often to cities than people in intact couple relationships. The results show that separation leads to an increase in mobility, to moves over short distance for men with children, and to a prevalence of the city as a destination of moves. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
NETHERLANDS | RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES | MULTIREGIONAL ANALYSIS | COUPLES | SEPARATION | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY | URBAN POPULATION | DIVORCE | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | HOUSING | Developed Countries | Europe, Western | Europe | Studies | Research Methodology | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Marriage | Nuptiality | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Residence Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Population Characteristics
Document Number: 323346

20.

Peer Reviewed

Title: China's local and national fertility policies at the end of the twentieth century.
Author: Gu B; Wang F; Guo Z; Zhang E
Source: Population and Development Review. 2007 Mar;33(1):129-147.
Abstract: In this article we survey variations in China's fertility policy as of the late 1990s, in an attempt to describe local policy and the implications of the aggregation of local policies for national policy. Following a brief discussion of the politics of population policymaking in contemporary China, we summarize fertility policy regulations within China's provinces. Our survey illustrates the intricacies and complexities of the population control process in China and serves as a background for our detailed analysis of the policy-stipulated fertility level in China based on local fertility policies. Using data collected on fertility policy for 420 prefecture-level units in China, the administrative level below the province, we estimate fertility levels that would obtain locally if all married couples had births at the levels permitted by local policy. Chinese birth control officials term this fertility level as "policy fertility" (zhengce shengyulu). We compute the average provincial and national policy fertility levels implied by policy fertility at the prefecture level and map the geographic and demographic distributions of policy fertility in China. This policy fertility level is a quantitative summary of China's current fertility policy, informing what is pursued in terms of population control nationally, on the basis of diverse local policies. Policy fertility serves as a reference for evaluating China's fertility policy implementation, and as a starting point in evaluating the necessity and feasibility of continuing China's current fertility policy. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
CHINA | RESEARCH REPORT | EVALUATION | POPULATION | POLICYMAKERS | FERTILITY DECLINE | FAMILY PLANNING POLICY | ONE CHILD POLICY | POPULATION CONTROL | POPULATION POLICY | POLITICAL FACTORS | POLICY DEVELOPMENT | ANTINATALIST POLICY | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | Developing Countries | Asia, Eastern | Asia | Administrative Personnel | Organization and Administration | Fertility Changes | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Social Policy | Policy | Sociocultural Factors | Family Planning | Planning | Geographic Factors | Geography | Social Sciences | Science
Document Number: 308468

21.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Bangladesh, 1996/97, 1999/2000, 2004.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 139 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 318564

22.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Burkina Faso, 1992/93, 1998/99, 2003.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 139 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
BURKINA FASO | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318565

23.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Cameroon, 1991, 1998, 2004.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 139 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
CAMEROON | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318566

24.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Colombia, 1995, 2000, 2005.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 141 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
COLOMBIA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | South America, Northern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318567

25.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Ghana, 1993, 1998, 2003.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 139 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GHANA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318568

26.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Guatemala, 1995, 1998/99.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 107 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GUATEMALA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Central America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318569

27.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Haiti, 1994/95, 2000.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 105 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
HAITI | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318570

28.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. India, 1992/93, 1998/99.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 107 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR | EDUCATION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | POVERTY | HIV TESTING | INEQUALITIES | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Population Characteristics | Geographic Factors | Sex Distribution | Sex Factors | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Fertility | Mortality | Diseases | Economic Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Public Health | Behavior | Psychological Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses | Examinations and Diagnoses | Medical Procedures | Medicine
Document Number: 318571

29.

Title: Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population. Indonesia, 1997, 2002/03.
Author: Gwatkin DR; Rutstein S; Johnson K; Suliman E; Wagstaff A
Source: Washington, D.C., World Bank, Human Development Network, [2007]. 105 p.
Abstract: This report is one in a series that provides basic information about health, nutrition, and population (hnp) inequalities within fifty-six developing countries. The series to which the report belongs is an expanded and updated version of a set covering forty-five countries that was published in 2000. The fifty-six reports in the current series cover almost all DHS surveys undertaken during the period beginning in 1990 and ending with the date of the last survey for which data were publicly available as of June 2006. The report's contents are intended to facilitate preparation of country analyses and the development of activities to benefit poor people. To this end, the report presents data about hnp status, service use, and related matters among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes. The principal focus is on differences among groups of individuals defined in terms of the wealth or assets of the households where they reside. The source of data is the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program, a large, multi-country household survey project. The figures in this and the other reports in the series draw on responses to questions about household wealth or assets included in the DHS questionnaire, which were similar for all the surveys covered. These responses served as the basis for the construction of a wealth index, which was used to rank individuals according to the index value for the household to which they belonged. The individuals were then divided into quintiles, and the mean value for each of up to approximately 120 indicators was calculated for each quintile. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDONESIA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HEALTH | NUTRITION | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | SEX RATIO | ANTENATAL CARE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CHILD MORTALITY | MORBIDITY | MICROECONOMIC FACTORS | HOUSEHOLDS | HYGIENE | RISK BEHAVIOR | SEX BEHAVIOR |