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1.
Title: Community characteristics, sexual initiation, and condom use among young Black South Africans.
Author: Burgard SA; Lee-Rife SM
Source: Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 2009 Sep;50(3):293-309.
Abstract: Individual and household-level characteristics that influence sexual behavior have been extensively studied in South Africa, but community characteristics have received limited attention. We use multilevel discrete time hazard models and multilevel logistic regression models to analyze data from a representative sample of young people in KwaZulu Natal, and from several sources of community data. Results suggest that, net of individual and household characteristics, higher levels of community concentrated disadvantage are associated with increased hazard of sexual initiation and higher risk of unprotected sex. Social disorder increases the hazard of sexual initiation, while greater community social cohesion is associated with delayed sexual debut, although the latter association appears stronger for young men than for young women. We discuss these results and the ways they vary from predictions based on US. theory in light of conditions prevailing in contemporary South Africa.
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | DATA ANALYSIS | BLACKS | YOUTH | HOUSEHOLDS | SEX BEHAVIOR | AGE FACTORS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | RISK FACTORS | EXPOSURE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | COMMUNITY | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Ethnic Groups | Cultural Background | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Behavior | Economic Factors | Health | Residence Characteristics | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors
Document Number: 342565

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Peer Reviewed

Title: [Child health in poor areas: findings from a population-based study in Caracol, Piaui, and Garrafao do Norte, Para, Brazil] Saude infantil em areas pobres: resultados de um estudo de base populacional nos municipios de Caracol, Piaui, e Garrafao do Norte, Para, Brasil.
Author: Cesar JA; Chrestani MA; Fantinel EJ; Goncalves TS; Neumann NA
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Apr;25(4):809-818.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate child health indicators in the municipalities (counties) of Caracol, Piau� State, and Garraf�o do Norte, Par� State, Brazil. Through household visits using systematic sampling, previously trained interviewers applied a standard questionnaire to mothers of under-five children, investigating socioeconomic status, housing and environmental sanitation, demographic characteristics, disease patterns, and prenatal and childbirth care. The analysis used the t-test and chi-square test to compare indicators between the two municipalities. Of the 1,728 children studied, 60% were from families with incomes less than one monthly minimum wage (approximately U$200), 41% had no type of sewage treatment or disposal, 10% of mothers reported zero prenatal visits, 30% of the children were born in the same municipality, and 30% had been taken to a pediatric consultation in the previous 3 months; 20% had a height-for-age deficit > 2 standard deviations. All target indicators were deficient in both the municipalities (especially in Garraf�o do Norte). Expanding health care supply and improving housing and sanitation conditions are priorities in both municipalities.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | INTERVIEWS | MOTHERS | CHILD HEALTH | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | HOUSEHOLDS | SANITATION | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | ANTENATAL CARE | BEHAVIOR | UTILIZATION OF HEALTH CARE | INCOME | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Data Collection | Research Methodology | Parents | Family Relationships | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Health | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Public Health | Demographic Factors | Population | Maternal Health Services | Maternal-Child Health Services | Primary Health Care | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care
Document Number: 341867

Peer Reviewed

Title: [Frequency and characteristics of induced abortion among married and single women in S�o Paulo, Brazil] Aborto provocado: sua dimens�o e caracter�sticas entre mulheres solteiras e casadas da cidade de S�o Paulo, Brasil.
Author: Silva RD; Vieira EM
Source: Cadernos�de Saude Publica. 2009 Jan;25(1):179-187.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a study in the city of S�o Paulo, Brazil, aimed at estimating the frequency of induced abortion among women 15 to 49 years of age. The objective was to characterize the occurrence of induced abortion by comparing the ideal number of children, age, and contraceptive use between married and single women. Based on random sampling, 1,749 interviews were held, including 764 married women, 658 single women, and 327 with other marital status. The analysis included: mean number of abortions per woman by analysis of variance and proportions of abortions and pregnancy, using the chi-square test. The mean abortion rate for married women (45 per thousand) did not differ statistically from that of single women. However, the pregnancy rate was much lower in single women, and when single women became pregnant they used abortion more frequently; while fewer than 2% of pregnancies in married women ended in induced abortions, among single women the abortion rate exceeded 18%. Therefore, the priority in the reproductive health field should be to invest in the supply and dissemination of appropriate contraceptive methods for women's early sexually active life.
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
BRAZIL | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | CURRENTLY MARRIED | ONE PARENT FAMILY | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | ABORTION | PREGNANCY RATE | NEEDS | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Marital Status | Nuptiality | Family Characteristics | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Fertility Control, Postconception | Family Planning | Fertility Measurements | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Economic Factors
Document Number: 341873 Notification

Title: Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey 2006.
Author: Azerbaijan. State Statistical Committee; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Baku, Azerbaijan, State Statistical Committee, 2008 May. [400] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00)
Abstract: The Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (AzDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 8,444 women age 15-49 and 2,558 men age 15-59. Following discussions with USAID and UNICEF regarding support for a new survey to obtain precise data on infant and child mortality, the 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey (AzDHS) was carried out from July to November 2006. The survey was implemented by the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and UNICEF, with Macro International Inc. providing technical assistance, and participation by the Ministry of Health. The 2006 Azerbaijan Demographic and Health Survey provides recent estimates of infant and child mortality, and these estimates are about half those of the 2000 MICS and the 2001 RHSA. In addition to mortality data, the objectives of the 2006 AzDHS were to collect national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal and child health, adult health, and AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these topics from women of reproductive age and, for certain topics, from men as well. Data are presented by region when sample size permits. The survey findings provide estimates for a variety of demographic indicators. The 2006 AzDHS results are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of and health services for the people of Azerbaijan. (Excerpts)
Language: English
Keywords:
AZERBAIJAN | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | WATER SUPPLY | FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING | ABORTION | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CHILD MORTALITY | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD HEALTH | CHILD NUTRITION | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | Developing Countries | Asia, Southwestern | Asia | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Fertility Control, Postconception | Health | Mortality | Nutrition | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Women's Status | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 331495 Notification

6.
Title: Discriminatory attitudes towards patients with HIV/AIDS by dental professionals in Nigeria.
Author: Bukar A; Gofwen R; Adeleke OA; Taiwo OO; Danfillo IS
Source: Odonto - Stomatologie Tropicale. 2008 Jun;31(122):34-40.
Abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study sought to investigate whether there are discriminatory practices towards HIV/AIDS patients among dental professionals in Nigeria, how receptive are dental professionals and institutions to treating People Living With Aids (PLWA), and what underlying factors if any that may contribute to any discriminatory practices. METHODS AND MATERIALS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in one randomly selected State in each of the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Data collection was by self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about demographic information, general knowledge of HIV/AIDS, adequacy of infection control, fear of occupational exposure, attitudes towards HIV positive patients and areas of need for further training. A total of 75 dental professionals participated in the study. RESULTS: The results of the study suggest that significant number of dental professionals in Nigeria reported attitudes and behaviour towards HIV patients which are discriminatory. CONCLUSION: Further efforts should be made to promote accessibility of discrimination-free quality oral and dental care to this population.
Language: English
Keywords:
NIGERIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS | QUESTIONNAIRES | RESPONDENTS | DENTISTS | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | HIV PREVENTION | FEAR | EXPOSURE | STAFF ATTITUDE | SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION | PROGRAM EVALUATION | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Research Methodology | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Health Personnel | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Emotions | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Risk Factors | Attitudes | Social Problems | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 329845

Peer Reviewed

Title: Constant global population with demographic heterogeneity.
Author: Cohen JE
Source: Demographic Research. 2008 May 27;18(14):409-436.
Abstract: To understand better a possible future constant global population that is demographically heterogeneous, this paper analyzes several models. Classical theory of stationary populations generally fails to apply. However, if constant global population size P(global) is the sum of all country population sizes, and if constant global annual number of births B(global) is the sum of the annual number of births of all countries, and if constant global life expectancy at birth e(global) is the population-weighted mean of the life expectancy at birth of all countries, then B(global) e(global) always exceeds P(global) unless all countries have the same life expectancy at birth, in which case B(global) e(global) = P(global). (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | THEORETICAL MODELS | POPULATION STABILIZATION | POPULATION SIZE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION | LIFE EXPECTANCY | Research Methodology | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Migration | Length of Life | Mortality
Document Number: 326903

Title: Magnitude of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Turkey [letter]
Author: Gul U; Kilic A; Sakizligil B; Aksaray S; Bilgili S
Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2008 Sep;22(9):1123-4.
Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major public health problem. Commercial female sex workers (FSW) are well recognized as high-risk groups for the acquisition and transmission of STIs. As there are a few studies about some selected STIs in Turkey, the exact prevalence of STIs among FSWs is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to ascertain the sociodemographical features, sexual behaviours and the seropositivity of selected STIs among FSWs working in a registered brothel in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | CRITIQUE | SEX WORKERS | WOMEN | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | SEX BEHAVIOR | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | Developing Countries | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Behavior | Population | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases
Document Number: 330224

Title: Understanding women's empowerment: a comparative analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data.
Author: Kishor S; Subaiya L
Source: Calverton, Maryland, Macro International, 2008 Oct. 225 p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00DHS Comparative Reports No. 20)
Abstract: This report examines the distribution and correlates of two different dimensions of the empowerment of currently married women age 15-49 in 23 developing countries. These dimensions are women�s participation in household decisionmaking and their attitudes regarding specific inequalities in gender roles.
Language: English
Keywords:
DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS | POPULATION DYNAMICS | DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS | POPULATION | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | FAMILY PLANNING | AGE FACTORS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | HEALTH | REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR | FERTILITY | PERSONALITY | PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | BEHAVIOR | VIRAL DISEASES | DISEASES | SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS | PREVENTION AND CONTROL | Contraception
Document Number: 329997

10.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Male circumcision in Slovenia: Results from a national probability sample survey.
Author: Klavs I; Hamers FF
Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2008 Feb 1;84(1):49-50.
Abstract: The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of male circumcision and to explore its association with demographic characteristics and self-reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis in Slovenia. Data were collected over 1999-2001 from a national probability sample of the general population aged 18-49 years at respondents' homes by a combination of face-to-face interviews and anonymous self-administration of questionnaires. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to account for stratification, clustered sampling and weighting. Overall, 4.5% (95% CI 3.2 to 6.5) of Slovenian male citizens reported being circumcised. Major variations in the prevalence of circumcision were observed across religious groups, with 92.4% (95% CI 59.8 to 99.0) of Muslims being circumcised, 1.7% (95% CI 0.9 to 3.1) of Roman Catholics, 0% of other religious affiliations (Evangelic, Serbian Orthodox, other), and 7.1% (95% CI 4.4 to 11.2) of those with no religious affiliation (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of circumcision did not vary across age groups. There were no significant differences in the proportion of circumcised and uncircumcised Slovenian men reporting ever being diagnosed with bacterial STI or viral STI. The prevalence of circumcision among Slovenian men is low. No evidence was found for an association between STI diagnosis and circumcision status, which may be due to the low prevalence of both STI and circumcision in this population as well as a small sample size. In Slovenia, where HIV prevalence is less than 1/ 1000 citizens and HIV infection is concentrated in men who have sex with men, promoting male circumcision in the general population may not be effective for HIV prevention purposes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SLOVENIA | RESEARCH REPORT | SAMPLING STUDIES | SURVEYS | MEN | MALE CIRCUMCISION | PREVALENCE | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES | PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS AND DIAGNOSES | Europe, Central | Europe | Developing Countries | Studies | Research Methodology | Demographic Factors | Population | Medical Procedures | Medicine | Health Services | Delivery of Health Care | Health | Measurement | Reproductive Tract Infections | Infections | Diseases | Examinations and Diagnoses
Document Number: 323775

11.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Demographic differentials and demographic integration of Turkish and Kurdish populations in Turkey.
Author: Koc I; Hancioglu A; Cavlin A
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2008 Aug;27(4):447-457.
Abstract: The objectives of the study are threefold: (1) to provide estimates of the total populations and spatial distributions of different language groups in Turkey, (2) to test whether the commonly held belief that Turkish-speaking and Kurdish-speaking populations are "actors" of different demographic regimes is true, and (3) to assess whether a process of integration, in the form of intermarriage of Turks and Kurds is under way in Turkey. Data come mainly from the 2003 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS-2003). Based on the assumption that the mother tongue composition of women is also representative of that of the whole population, the results of the TDHS-2003 imply that of the population of Turkey, 83% are Turkish-speaking, 14% are Kurdish-speaking, 2% are Arabic-speaking and the remaining 1% belong to other language groups. Results show that despite intensive internal migration movements in the last 50 years, strong demographic differentials exist between Turkish and Kurdish-speaking populations, and that the convergence of the two groups does not appear to be a process under way. Turks and Kurds do indeed appear to be actors of different demographic regimes, at different stages of demographic and health transition processes. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
TURKEY | RESEARCH REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION DISTRIBUTION | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | LANGUAGE | CULTURAL BACKGROUND | ETHNIC GROUPS | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | POPULATION DYNAMICS | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | MARRIAGE PATTERNS | Europe, Southeastern | Europe | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Demographic Factors | Population | Geographic Factors | Communication | Fertility | Contraception | Family Planning | Health | Marriage | Nuptiality
Document Number: 325865

12.

Title: Kamalapur 2005-2007 census results.
Author: Lindeboom W
Source: Dhaka, Bangladesh, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh [ICDDR,B], Health Systems and Infectious Diseases Division, 2008 Jul. 20 p. (Special Publication No. 130)
Abstract: This paper provides a brief description of the Kamalapur study population and area. The Kamalapur study site was set up in 1998, with the main purpose to conduct a population-based zinc trial. Kamalapur is situated in the south-eastern part of Dhaka Metropolitan area. The study site is located between a train terminal and a bus station. For research and sampling purposes, the study site was divided into seven strata, and within each stratum, clusters were identified. Demarcation of the strata was based primarily on seven communities that the site comprised but included demarcation based on physical infrastructure, such as roads, railroads, tracks and water bodies. Stratum 1 and 2 are mainly congested slum areas, residence of 4th class employees, such as cleaners and sweepers of the Dhaka City Corporation. The populations of the other clusters are a mix of upper-, middle- and lower-class social groups.
Language: English
Keywords:
BANGLADESH | SUMMARY REPORT | MIGRANT WORKERS | MIGRATION | POPULATION DENSITY | POPULATION GROWTH | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD | HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD | POVERTY | AGE FACTORS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Labor Force | Human Resources | Economic Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Population Distribution | Geographic Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Households | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 328026

13.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Characteristics of HIV-1-associated Kaposi�s sarcoma among women and men in South Africa.
Author: Mosam A; Hurkchand HP; Cassol E; Page T; Cassol S
Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008 Jun;19(6):400-405.
Abstract: Despite the increase of HIV-1-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), little is known about HIV-associated KS in the African setting, particularly among women. A descriptive study of the demographic, clinical, immunological and virological features of AIDS-associated KS from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was undertaken. Consecutively, recruited patients were clinically staged; CD4/CD8 cell counts, HIV-1 viral loads and clinical parameters were evaluated. Of the 152 patients (77 male and 75 female) 99% were black. Females were significantly younger (P = 0.02) and had poorer disease prognosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-5.4, P = 0.003) and were more likely to have extensive cutaneous KS when compared with males (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.7, P = 0.003). One-third of patients had coexisting HIV-related disease, most commonly tuberculosis, and these were more frequent in females (56.7 vs. 43.3%). In conclusion, HIV-associated KS in South Africans has an equal female-to-male ratio. Females are younger and have more severe disease than males. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
SOUTH AFRICA | RESEARCH REPORT | WOMEN | PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Developing Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Persons Living With HIV/AIDS | Viral Diseases | Diseases
Document Number: 327874

14.

Title: U.S. population projections: 2005-2050.
Author: Passel JS; Cohn D
Source: Washington, D.C., Pew Research Center, 2008 Feb 11. [55] p. (Report)
Abstract: If current trends continue, the population of the United States will rise to 438 million in 2050, from 296 million in 2005, and 82% of the increase will be due to immigrants arriving from 2005 to 2050 and their U.S.-born descendants, according to new projections developed by the Pew Research Center. Of the 117 million people added to the population during this period due to the effect of new immigration, 67 million will be the immigrants themselves and 50 million will be their U.S.-born children or grandchildren. Among the other key population projections: Nearly one in five Americans (19%) will be an immigrant in 2050, compared with one in eight (12%) in 2005. By 2025, the immigrant, or foreign-born, share of the population will surpass the peak during the last great wave of immigration a century ago. The major role of immigration in national growth builds on the pattern of recent decades, during which immigrants and their U.S.-born children and grandchildren accounted for most population increase. Immigration's importance increased as the average number of births to U.S.-born women dropped sharply before leveling off. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | TECHNICAL REPORT | POPULATION PROJECTION | IMMIGRANTS | MIGRATION | DEPENDENCY BURDEN | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | Developed Countries | North America | Americas | Estimation Techniques | Research Methodology | Migrants | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Microeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 324199

15.
Peer Reviewed

Title: Does the presence of parents and parent-child relationship affect preferred type of marriage and marriage age? An investigation from urban Uttar Pradesh.
Author: Prakash R; Parasuraman S
Source: Journal of Family Welfare. 2008 Jun;54(1):35-46.
Abstract: The main focus of this study was on women's autonomy and contraceptive use. Results reveal that, in general, physical and economic autonomy plays a positive association with use rate whereas a contrary association has been found with decision-making autonomy, even after controlling for sociodemographic and other variables. Most of the states follow a similar pattern of contraceptive use as well. It is expected that women who have more mobility have greater access and control over resources, more autonomy, increasing their likelihood to innovate and use contraception. These findings are contrary to the widely accepted view that women who have financial autonomy have more say in household decisions, are more likely to have more power and influence in their family, and thus are able to influence reproductive decisions such as contraceptive use. Results suggest that there is an increase in contraceptive use by literacy considering different levels of physical, decision-making and economic autonomy; the effects do not appear to be very strong in all the states. For fertility reduction, it is important to advocate for women's empowerment in its own right with different levels of development. This study is based on secondary data analysis and the choice of dimensions of women's autonomy was therefore restricted to what was available in the data set. Another limitation of the study is that some women may not be using contraceptives because they are planning a pregnancy. It would have been ideal not to include these women in the sample. Future research may examine the relationship between female autonomy and contraceptive use, taking into account different contextual factors. As in some contexts, certain dimensions of autonomy may be important, while in different contexts these same dimensions may have no influence on contraceptive use.
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | CHILDREN | PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | MARRIAGE | ARRANGED MARRIAGE | DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Youth | Age Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Child Rearing | Behavior | Nuptiality | Marriage Patterns | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 340184

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17.

18.

Peer Reviewed

Title: Senegal 2005: Results from the Demographic and Health Survey.
Source: Studies in Family Planning. 2007 Sep;38(3):212-217.
Abstract: The Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2005, or Enqu�te D�mographique et de Sant� S�n�gal 2005 (EDS-IV), was conducted by the Centre de Recherche pour le D�veloppement Humain on behalf of the Minist�re de la Sant� et de la Pr�vention M�dicale, with technical assistance from ORC Macro. Data for the nationally representative EDS-IV were collected from 7,412 households, and complete interviews were conducted with 14,602 women aged 15-49 and 3,761 men aged 15-59. The fieldwork took place from 1 February to 10 June 2005. The summary statistics presented below were taken from the Senegal country report, with exceptions as noted. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
SENEGAL | TABLES AND CHARTS | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | FERTILITY | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CONTRACEPTION | POSTPARTUM | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD HEALTH | HIV | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | Developing Countries | Africa, Western | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family Planning | Puerperium | Reproduction | Mortality | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Sociocultural Factors
Document Number: 320183

19.

Title: Nepal 2006 Demographic and Health Survey. Key findings.
Author: Nepal. Ministry of Health and Population. Population Division; New ERA; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Kathmandu, Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, Population Division, 2007. [17] p.
Abstract: The 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) provides important information on fertility, family planning, infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The 2006 NDHS also includes population-based prevalence estimates for anemia among women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months. Together with similarly collected data from the 1996 NFHS and the 2001 NDHS, the 2006 NDHS provides trend information on key demographic indicators. A nationally representative sample of 10,793 women age 15-49 and 4,397 men age 15-59 were interviewed. This sample provides estimates of health and demographic indicators at the national level, and for rural and urban areas. Most indicators are also shown by ecological zone, development region, and in most cases, by subregion. In addition to answering questions about their own fertility and health, interviewed women also provided information about the health and mortality of their children under five years of age. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | WATER SUPPLY | SANITATION | EDUCATION | QUALITY OF LIFE | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | MARRIAGE AGE | FIRST INTERCOURSE | FIRST BIRTH | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | PREGNANCY, UNPLANNED | BIRTH SPACING | FAMILY PLANNING | CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE | CHILD MORTALITY | CHILD HEALTH | MATERNAL HEALTH | EDUCATIONAL STATUS | KNOWLEDGE | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Natural Resources | Environment | Public Health | Health | Social Welfare | Economic Factors | Fertility | Marriage Patterns | Marriage | Nuptiality | Sex Behavior | Behavior | Pregnancy History | Fertility Measurements | Reproductive Behavior | Contraception | Mortality | Socioeconomic Status | Socioeconomic Factors
Document Number: 318032

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21.

Title: Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2006.
Author: Nepal. Ministry of Health and Population. Population Division; New ERA; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Kathmandu, Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, Population Division, 2007 May. [434] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse Doc ID / Order No. PN-ADJ-206)
Abstract: The 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 10,793 women age 15-49 and 4,397 men age 15-59. The 2006 NDHS is the third comprehensive survey conducted in Nepal as part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project. The primary purpose of the 2006 NDHS is to furnish policymakers and planners with detailed information on fertility, family planning, infant, child, adult and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition and knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. In addition, the 2006 NDHS is the first DHS survey in Nepal to provide population-based prevalence estimates for anemia among women age 15-49 and children age 6-59 months. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
NEPAL | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | HIV | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | SEX BEHAVIOR | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | Asia, Southern | Asia | Developing Countries | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Mortality | Health | HIV Infections | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Behavior | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 318265

22.

Title: Caribbean (2007): Price as a barrier to condom use: a randomized controlled trial in Trinidad and Tobago and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
Author: Population Services International [PSI]. Research and Metrics
Source: Washington, D.C., PSI, Research and Metrics, 2007. 21 p. (Social Marketing Research Series)
Abstract: This report describes the results of an experiment aimed at determining whether and how a condom price reduction in Trinidad and Tobago and St. Vincent and the Grenadines would affect condom purchase and use and the overall condom market. The study seeks answers to two questions. First, would a reduction in current condom prices result in overall higher rates of condom purchase and likelihood of use? Second, what impact would a lower priced condom have on the condom market and specific brands? The study group consisted of a representative sample of sexually active males, ages 16-21, resident in Trinidad and Tobago and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Being sexually active is defined as those reporting having had sex in the past year. A randomized control trial was conducted with three treatment groups, one was offered the condom at $0.15 per condom in a package of three and the two others at $0.20 and $0.25 per condom in a package of three respectively. The unit of randomization was the individual, as described below. Single level trial options for sample size determination were used, resulting in a required sample size for each treatment group of 270 and a total sample size of 810. Ultimately, 819 complete interviews were conducted and used in the analysis. Once the interview was completed, respondents were offered the product to buy at one of the three price levels. The price offered to the respondents was randomly determined. The price range tested here, $0.15 to $0.25 per condom, was chosen to be significantly lower than current prices, yet high enough to make a profit based on PSI knowledge of cost of goods sold. The study finds that lower prices are causally related to purchase. The lower the price, the more likely respondents under experimental conditions to purchase the condom. Respondents reporting no condom purchases in the past month purchased condoms at lower prices, indicating that price is a barrier to purchase. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO | SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES | RESEARCH REPORT | CONTROL GROUPS | CLIENTS | MEN | CONDOM USE | PRICES | POINT OF PURCHASE | CONDOMS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | INTERVENTIONS | IMPACT | Caribbean | Americas | Developing Countries | Research Methodology | Program Activities | Programs | Organization and Administration | Demographic Factors | Population | Risk Reduction Behavior | Behavior | Commerce | Macroeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Barrier Methods | Contraceptive Methods | Contraception | Family Planning | Communication
Document Number: 327321

23.

Title: Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006.
Author: Uganda. Bureau of Statistics; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Kampala, Uganda, Bureau of Statistics, 2007 Aug. [499] p. (USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse DocID / Order No. PN-ADJ-944)
Abstract: The 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 8,531 women age 15-49 and 2,503 men age 15-54. The UDHS is the fourth comprehensive survey conducted in Uganda as part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project. The primary purpose of the UDHS is to furnish policymakers and planners with detailed information on fertility; family planning; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; nutrition; and knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. In addition, in one in three households selected for the survey, women age 15-49, men age 15-54, and children under age 5 years were weighed and their height was measured. Women, men, and children age 6-59 months in this subset of households were tested for anaemia, and women and children were tested for vitamin A deficiency. The 2006 UDHS is the first DHS survey in Uganda to cover the entire country. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
UGANDA | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | HOUSEHOLDS | RESPONDENTS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | EDUCATION | FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | INFANT MORTALITY | CHILD MORTALITY | REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | CHILD NUTRITION | MALARIA PREVENTION | KNOWLEDGE | ATTITUDES | BEHAVIOR | HIV INFECTIONS | WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT | VIOLENCE | Developing Countries | Africa, Eastern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mortality | Health | Nutrition | Malaria | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Psychological Factors | Viral Diseases | Women's Status | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors
Document Number: 322009

24.

Title: World population prospects: the 2006 revision. Highlights.
Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division
Source: New York, New York, United Nations, 2007. [118] p. (ESA/P/WP.202)
Abstract: The 2006 Revision is the twentieth round of official United Nations population estimates and projections prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. These are used throughout the United Nations system as the basis for activities requiring population information. The 2006 Revision builds on the 2004 Revision and incorporates both the results of the 2000 round of national population censuses and of recent specialized surveys carried around the world. These sources provide both demographic and other information to assess the progress made in achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The comprehensive review of past worldwide demographic trends and future prospects presented in the 2006 Revision provides the population basis for the assessment of those goals. According to the 2006 Revision, the world population will likely increase by 2.5 billion over the next 43years, passing from the current 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion in 2050. This increase is equivalent to the size the world population had in 1950 and it will be absorbed mostly by the less developed regions, whose population is projected to rise from 5.4 billion in 2007 to 7.9 billion in 2050. In contrast, the population of the more developed regions is expected to remain largely unchanged at 1.2 billion and would have declined were it not for the projected net migration from developing to developed countries, which is expected to average 2.3 million persons annually. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION STATISTICS | DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS | POPULATION | UN | POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATION | AGE DISTRIBUTION CHANGES | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | MORTALITY DECLINE | HIV INFECTIONS | PREVALENCE | POPULATION PROJECTION | DEMOGRAPHIC AGING | FERTILITY | Research Methodology | International Agencies | Organizations | Political Factors | Sociocultural Factors | Estimation Techniques | Age Distribution | Age Factors | Demographic Factors | Mortality | Population Dynamics | Viral Diseases | Diseases | Measurement
Document Number: 316765

25.

Title: Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2005-2006.
Author: Zimbabwe. Central Statistical Office; Macro International. MEASURE DHS
Source: Harare, Zimbabwe, Central Statistical Office, 2007 Mar. [465]p. USAID Contract No. GPO-C-00-03-00002-00
Abstract: The 2005-06 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 8,907 women age 15-49 and 7,175 men age 15-54. The 2005-06 ZDHS is the fourth comprehensive survey conducted in Zimbabwe as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. The data are intended to furnish programme managers and policymakers with detailed information on levels and trends in fertility; nuptiality; sexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; early childhood mortality and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/ AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. The 2005-06 ZDHS is the first ZDHS survey to collect information on malaria prevention and treatment and domestic violence. The 2005-06 ZDHS is also the first survey in Zimbabwe to provide population-based prevalence estimates for anaemia and HIV. Women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 were tested for anaemia and HIV. Children ages 6-59 months were tested for anaemia. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
ZIMBABWE | SUMMARY REPORT | DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEYS | ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN | HOUSEHOLDS | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | RESPONDENTS | FERTILITY | FAMILY PLANNING | FERTILITY DETERMINANTS | FERTILITY PREFERENCES | CHILD MORTALITY | MATERNAL HEALTH | CHILD HEALTH | NUTRITION INDEXES | MALARIA | HIV INFECTIONS | AIDS | KNOWLEDGE | MATERNAL MORTALITY | WOMEN'S STATUS | DOMESTIC VIOLENCE | Developing Countries | Africa, Southern | Africa, Sub Saharan | Africa | Demographic Surveys | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors | Population | Youth | Age Factors | Family and Household | Sociocultural Factors | Surveys | Sampling Studies | Studies | Research Methodology | Mortality | Health | Nutrition | Parasitic Diseases | Diseases | Viral Diseases | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Crime | Social Problems
Document Number: 318033

26.

Title: Demography of the tribal groups of Rajasthan: 1. Population structure.
Author: Bhasin MK; Nag S
Source: Anthropologist. 2007 Jan;9(1):1-37.
Abstract: This paper presents the population composition and details of the economic, socio-cultural, physical environmental attributes of the households of the major Scheduled Tribes of Rajasthan, namely, Sahariya, Mina, Bhil, Kathodi, Damor and Garasia belonging to five districts, namely, Baran, Sawai Madhopur, Udaipur, Dungarpur and Sirohi in Rajasthan. All the measures of population composition indicate the demographic backwardness of the Scheduled Tribes, in general. Individually speaking, however, the position of Minas, a land owning economically well-off Scheduled Tribe, appears relatively better. The paper also includes some comparisons of the findings with the estimates of the 1991 census. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
INDIA | RESEARCH REPORT | COMPARATIVE STUDIES | CENSUS | TRIBES | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION DYNAMICS | SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS | ECOLOGY | BIOLOGY | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | Developing Countries | Asia, Southern | Asia | Studies | Research Methodology | Population Statistics | Cultural Background | Demographic Factors | Population | Economic Factors | Environment
Document Number: 320530

27.

Peer Reviewed

Title: New techniques in small area population estimates by demographic characteristics.
Author: Cai Q
Source: Population Research and Policy Review. 2007 Apr;26(2):203-218.
Abstract: The increasing demand for small area population estimates calls for both innovative ways of using existing data and new techniques suitable for small area estimates. This paper explores the methods for population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin at the census tract level for Multnomah County, Oregon. New techniques include employing building permits to indirectly estimate migration and examining the changes in age/sex structure using the American Community Survey (ACS). A practical method for bridging the race categories is also developed. Finally, the paper discusses some reflections on small area estimates and the potentials of using ACS to track the changes of the demographic characteristics for the sub-county level. (author's)
Language: English
Keywords:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | OREGON | RESEARCH REPORT | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | CENSUS | POPULATION STATISTICS | ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES | North America | Americas | Developed Countries | Demographic Factors | Population | Research Methodology
Document Number: 316687

28.

Peer Reviewed

Title: [Teenage pregnancy: behavioral and socio-demographic profile of an urban Brazilian population] Gravidez na adolescencia: perfil sociodemografico e comportamental de uma populacao da periferia de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
Author: Chalem E; Mitsuhiro SS; Ferri CP; Barros MC; Guinsburg R
Source: Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2007 Jan;23(1):177-186.
Abstract: To identify the socio-demographic behavioral profile of low-income pregnant teenagers, 1,000 adolescents admitted to a Brazilian public maternity hospital from July 24, 2001, to November 27, 2002, were interviewed. Socio-demographic and behavioral variables were assessed through a questionnaire. Over the 492 days of the study, 24.3% of admissions were adolescents (930 for childbirth and 70 for miscarriage). Mean maternal age was 17 years. Most teenagers (72.9%) lived near the hospital. 930 (93%) belonged to socioeconomic classes C, D, and E. School dropout was identified in 67.3% of the total. 80.1% of the subjects were giving birth for the first time. 81.2% had not planned the pregnancy, and 23.8% had been using some contraceptive method. 67.4% had vaginal deliveries. Some 13.3% of the newborns were premature and 15.9% had low birth weight. 17.3% of these adolescent mothers reported smoking during pregnancy, with 2.8% reporting alcohol and 1.7% illicit drugs. Teenage pregnancy is a complex phenomenon associated with various economic, educational, and behavioral factors. The study provides importance references for public policies to prevent teenage pregnancy. (author's)
Language: Portuguese
Keywords:
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | BRAZIL | ADOLESCENTS, FEMALE | SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS | LOW INCOME POPULATION | BEHAVIOR | ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY | PREGNANCY OUTCOMES | INTERVENTIONS | Demographic Factors | Population | South America, Eastern | South America | Latin America | Americas | Developing Countries | Adolescents | Youth | Age Factors | Socioeconomic Factors | Economic Factors | Social Class | Reproductive Behavior | Fertility | Population Dynamics | Pregnancy | Reproduction | Programs | Organization and Administration
Document Number: 312940

29.

Title: Population age structure and its relation to civil conflict: a graphic metric.
Author: Cincotta RP; Leahy E
Source: In: Environmental Change and Security Program report. Issue 12 2006-2007, compiled by Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Environmental Change and Security Program. Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Environmental Change and Security Program, 2007. :55-58.
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that a large "youth bulge"-a youthful population age structure-can increase the risk of the onset of civil conflict and political violence. These studies exclude states with a recent history of civil conflict, reasoning that they are already highly vulnerable to persistent and re-emerging violence. Can these two quantifiable variables-population age structure and recent history of civil unrest-be used to project risks of civil conflict a decade into the future? We conducted separate analyses of three decades-the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s-using the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset, which identifies conflicts with at least 25 battle-related deaths per year and age-structural data from the UN Population Division. Countries with average immigration or emigration rates exceeding 0.5 percent between 1970 and 2000 were removed, as were the five most populous countries (China, India, Indonesia, USSR/Russia, and the United States) and countries with populations less than 100,000. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | RESEARCH REPORT | YOUTH | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | WAR | RISK FACTORS | POLITICAL FACTORS | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | Age Factors | Demographic Factors | Population | Sociocultural Factors | Biology | Population Dynamics
Document Number: 324549

30.

Title: Health, population, and fragility: insights from a meeting series.
Author: Crist K; Robinson M; Williams A; Parker M
Source: In: Environmental Change and Security Program report. Issue 12 2006-2007, [compiled by] Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Environmental Change and Security Program. Washington, D.C., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Environmental Change and Security Program, 2007. :76-86.
Abstract: The Environmental Change and Security Program recently completed an expert meeting series on the relationship between health and population issues and the evolving U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) strategy for fragile states-now called "Rebuilding Countries," under the new Strategic Framework for U.S. Foreign Assistance. Developed as an internal consultation with USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health (PRH), the series brought together practitioners interested in population, conflict, and fragile states from PRH, other USAID offices, implementing partners, and outside experts from the health-population-security field. The series sought to broaden understanding of health and population issues as part of the problem and part of the solution to instability challenges, as well as foster debate about the correlations between fragility and population dynamics such as youth, sex ratios, differential population growth rates (within and between countries), population density,urbanization, and public health. "We are gleaning lessons from field-based service delivery in conflict and post-conflict zones-lessons for delivering the services to save and improve lives. But we are also working to understand how building health capacities in post-conflict zones might contribute to meeting broader stability and conflict prevention goals," said ECSP Director Geoff Dabelko. (excerpt)
Language: English
Keywords:
GLOBAL | CONFERENCES AND CONGRESSES | HEALTH | POPULATION | USAID | DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS | NATIONAL SECURITY | POLITICAL FACTORS | WAR | PUBLIC HEALTH | Government Agencies | Organizations | Sociocultural Factors | Population Dynamics | Demographic Factors
Document Number: 324548


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